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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


Wjc 


w- 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiquos 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleui  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exempla<re  qui  sort  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 


□    Covei 
Le  ti; 


re  de  couverture  manque 


0   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 
D 
D 


n 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  rcistaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

□    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^color^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu^es 

I    ~\    Pages  detached/ 


D 


Pages  detach^es 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Que 


jalit*  in6gale  de  I'impression 


□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouweau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  ;  ossible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  rdduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

V 

■'^^™ 

^■■■^ 

19V 

^"^"^^ 

IfiX 

aox 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

La  bibliothgque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — •-  (meaning  "CON- 
TIIMUED  "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmad  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenqant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commengant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
derni6re  image  -^e  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Stre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrent&. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaiie.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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Vational  Boundary  Line  ^m*— •*—«••— ••-"••^•••^ 

'fhrough  and  Local  Steamera,  dotted  reS  Htv 
i^aitroads,  aoHd  red  line 


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THE  ONIiT  AUi-BAIL  BOUTE  TO  TH 

THE  GREAT  HIGHWAY  AND  FATOBITE  BOUTE  F< 

Solid  Trains  with  Elegant  Sleeping  Oars  leave  Niagara  Falls  daily  8.10  p.  m.  for  Thousi 
with  powerful  steamers  of  Kichelien  s  Ontario  Navigiition  Co.  for  Alexandria  Bay,  Montr 
and  running  all  the  Rapids  of  the  River  St.  Lawrence  by  daylight,  the  most  attractive  trip 

White  Mountains  and  Portland  Express  leaves  Niagara  Falls  daily  except  Saturday  at 
connections  at  Norwood  for  Massena  Springs ;  at  Moira  for  Paul  Smith's  and  Adirondack 
and  famous  Crawford  Notch  to  Portland,  with  immediata  connections  for  Bar  Harbor,  Ol 
train  stops  at  all  principal  resorts  in  the  White  MountainB. 

Sleeping  Cars  on  Night  Trains  and  Drawing-Boom  Cars  on  Day  Trains  from  Niagara  F 
oounuctfon  is  made  by  all  trains  with  Palaoa  Steamer  "St.  Lawrence"  for  all  Thousand  IsJi 


1»W4, 


SCALE  OF  MILES 


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S  li  A  N  D 


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MOUSAND  ISLAND 

ARK  g        li 


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CENTRAL PA 


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^ 


FISHERS 
LANOINQ 


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LEXANDRJA  BAY 


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LOCAL    DISTANCES. 

MILBB 

Cape  Vincent  to  Carlton  Island 2 

«          "      *•  Prospect  Park — 13 
14  ««      "  Clayton 14 


41 
44 


"  Round  Island 16 

*•  Thousand    Island 

Park 18 

"  Fi8her*8  Landing.  90 


XILBI. 

Cape  Vincent  to  Alexandria  Bay ...  26 

»f  »•      '•  Kingston 16 

"  "      *'  Gananoqne 19 

Alexandria  Bay   to    Westminster 

Park 1 

"  ••    •'  Bockport S 

"  "    "  Central  Park...  t 


Nar 

1.  Ca 
S.  6t 
8.  Ca 
4.  Re 

5. 

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[!•  ROUTE  TO  THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 

)BITE  ROUTE  FOB  FASHIONABLE  PLEASURE  TBATEL. 

ly  8.10  p.  m.  for  Thousand  Islands,  making  immediate  connections  at  Clayton  without  transfer, 
Mexandria  Bay,  Montreal,  Quebec  and  the  BiTer  Saguenay,  passing  all  the  Thousand  Islands 
the  most  attractive  trip  in  the  world. 

ily  except  Saturday  at  8.10  p.  m.  with  through  Sleeping  Cars  I7iagara  Falls  to  Portland,  making 
nith's  and  Adirondack  resorts,  and  running  through  the  heart  of  the  Mountains  via  Fabyan's 
Ions  for  Bar  Harbor,  Old  Orchard,  Kennebunkport  and  all  Sea  Coast  resorts  of  Maine.    This 

Trains  from  Niagara  Falls,  Bochester,  Syracuse  and  Utioa  to  Clayton  [Thousand  Islands],  where 
e"  for  all  Thousand  Island  Besorts. 

LE8 


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to  Mo" 


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ne 16 

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ort S 

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Names  of  Points  indicated  by  Figures  in  Red. 

1.  Carlton  Island 

2.  Governor's  Island Ex-Lient.-Gov.  T.  G.  Alvord. 

8.  Calumet  Island Mr.  Chas.  Q.  Emery,  New  York. 

4.  Rock  Island  Light-Hoase,  head  of  American  Channel. 

K    J  Occident  anoOrient E.  R.  Washbnm,  New  York. 

'''  J  Isle  of  Pines Mrs  .E.N.  Robinson,  New  York. 

8.  Frederick  Island C.  L.  Fredericks,  Carthage,  N.Y. 

7.  WellBley  House. 

(  Rev.  Goodrich,  LAfargeville,  N.  Y. 
R    WAvinv  nnmehRH  /  Arthur  Hi^hes,  Stone  Mills,  N.  Y. 

8.  Waving  Branches  <  Pfgderick  Smith,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

(  L.  S.  Ainsworth,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 
(  Prof.  A.  B.  Brown,  Carthage,  N.  Y. 

9.  Jolly  oaks.  >?„,5jjj;g,^°.     ::     :: 

(  Hon.  W.  W.  Bntterfield,  Redwood,  N.  Y. 


Names  of  Points  indicated  by  Figures  in  Red. 

10.  Island  Royal Royal  E.  Deane,  New  York. 

11.  Seven  Isles Bradley  Winslow,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

11.  Point  Vivian;  Resot  Tozer,  J.  J.  Kinney,  Dr.  Jones, 

Geo.  Jones,  William  Cooper,  and  others.  Stone  Mills, 
New  York. 

13.  Bella  Vista  Lodge P.  J.  Bosworth,  Newport,  R.  I. 

14.  Comfort  Isiand A.  E.  Clark,  Chicago . 

15.  Warner  Island H.  H.  Warner,  Rochester,  N.  x. 

16.  Cherry  Island U'.l.^'ilX''''"'^'- 

17.  WauWInet C.  B.  Hill,  Chicago. 

18.  Nobby  Island., H.  R.  Heath,  New  York. 

19.  Welcome  Island. S.  O.  Pope,  Oedensburs. 

ao.  Linlithgow  Island R.  A.  Livingston,  New  York. 

21.  Bonnie  Castle Holland  Estate. 

22.  Isle  Imperial Mrs.  H.  G.  Le  Conte.  Philadelphia. 

23.  Point  Marguerite S>  Anthony,  New  York. 

24.  Sport  Island Packer  Estate. 

^1   j-Summerland   Group. 
27.  Manhattan  Group. 


'i   » 


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c:^  .  y'  V^ di_^ 


A  soii\/ih:nir 


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Thousand  Islands 


ol'    TlIK 


ST.  LAWRENCE   RIVER 


I'KoM 


KINGSTON  /NO  CAPE  VINCENT  TO 

MORRISTOWN    AND    BROCK VI LLE 


WITH 


Their  Recorded  History  from  the  Earhest  Times,  their  Legends,  their  Romances, 

their  Fortifications  and  their  Contests 


INCI.IDIM;    liOTII    TIIIJ 


PROFUSELY  ILLUSTRATED 

mil,  I  urcs  ofXalural  Srenny,  as  uril  as  Pu/nns  of  nuv.y  Suuun.r  I  W,,..  S/raun;. 

/•'is/iiiii;-  Sieiii-s,  &(•. 

I 'ill  ilisslied     l>y 

JNO.  A.   HADDOCK,  of  Watertown,  N.  Y., 

•ndc.,Ml,oK^nPo,,K,c.o,',|,..TI,o,..nn.lI.i.,,,,(Plui.orAlc.;..,n.lPiaB.y 


PRINTED  AND  BOUND  BY  THE 

WEED-PARSONS    PRINTING    CO., 

ALBANY,    N.    V. 


AI.KXANDRIA   !!AV,   N.  Y. 
I»95 


Mr.  [..UN   A.  IIm.imm  k 


COMMENDATORY. 

Oi  I  II  I    >}[■  {■oKNWAIJ.   HKOS. 

AllA\M>KIA    li\N,    N.    v.,   0<l,"\f    31.    I>i)). 


/\,ii  Sir—  1  have  lu'ard  thai  vou  arc  alxuil  [.rrparmL:  d\\  (.•laliiiralc  ami  liiulhv  illiis. 
iralcd  liisiory  of  our  rivc-r,  10  be  sold  as  a  iiKin-  u-.inliy  S,.iivLiiir  of  our  river  and  i-laiids 
linn  has  yet  ajipcared.  I  have  for  soine  vears  fell  ihr  u-anl  of  siieh  ;i  bonk,  many  eopie- 
of  which  my  sons  could  sell  over  their  counter  here  if  it  could  have  been  |ir.jcine,|. 
llaviiifT  known  you  personally  ma-'y  years,  I  have  full  faith  in  your  ability  and  /e.d  f.ir 
the  preparation  of  sm  h  a  work,  and  I  wish  you  much  success  and  em  ouiaf^emenl  in 
your  labor,  which  will,   I  hope,  be  11  inunc  iali\  e. 

N'our   fiiend, 

ANDRIAV  CORNWAI.I.. 

(Iliu  dl"  llle  ..Tii;iii.il  .luiKls  nf  all  Ihe  AliuncMii  islail.K  liuiii  K,,uilfl  Isl.iii.l  I..  M.MHl.mn 


'■■i^\    "ill'  I-  01    JAMi:s  r.  SI'i:.Vri:R.  -so  Hkom'u  w,   Nru    Vokk 

Ml.   |oii\   A.    IIai'Ihiik,   Wai  I  kidw  n,  N.  Y.: 

A/v  /',/'  ,s>;  —  lla\iii::  heaid  you  express  your  ideas  as  to  a  needed  bo,d<  wliii  h 
should  suitably  illu-trate  the  natural  bearrties  of  the  Thousarrd  Island  Archipelag.i  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  with  views  of  leading  cottages  ,itrd  sketches  of  the  iiidividii.ds  occu- 
pving  them,  I  take  pleasure  in  approving  voiir  plan,  and  do  not  hesil.iti-,  froirr  inv 
knowledge  of  you  per  sorially.  to  firl  Iv  believe  yon  will  carry  out  all  von  umleilake  irr 
making  a  book  which  will  be  a  .Sorrvenii  to  be  Ireasureil  by  all  wdio  can  appreciati'  the 
grandest  river  and  the  niosi  beautifirl  islands  itpori  the  globe.  Wishing  you  great 
succiss,    I   rem.iin, 

X'eiy  tr  rilv  vruirs, 

-Summer  resideme,  ,,     JA.MI'.S  C.    SI'1:\'(:i;K, 

.M  \MI  \  I  I  AS    I.-l  \M.,  /■/,,■- /'(,,. /,/,•///    77i,;i.uiiia  hlni.i  (  liil.. 

\\  1  \  WhUIA    Ww  ,    .\.     V. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


'"■■^'^'•^    ''.>vc    iKvn    many   attempts    .,    ,lcpu:t    the    Tlu.u.an.l    Islands,   wth    ,l,ci,    .v.r 
varymg.    cha,„ctul    scenery,    and    the   „pulenee    of    their    later    a.h.rnment.      Son.e    of    these 
>^'tnrts  have  been    honest   hut   ineffieient,  some  spora.iu-   and   lltful,  others   restdtin.^  onlv   ,n    a 
l-T  attempt  „.  make  tnoney  out   of  a  subject   too  grand  for  such   a  purpose.     And  s,',,  ve.r 
at.cr    year,  these    ish.nds    have    lacked   a   chronicler   and    a    .lelineator   u-ho    should    present 


'  "I'N  ki.ai  I  111,    i>,||;. 
All     K  I  i;  II  1  -,    k  I,  s  1,  k  \  K  II 


I"  tins  spint.  then,  this  .look  ,s  issued,  ,n  the  full  hehe.  that   it   .ill  ,111  a  nant  uhicl,    has 

""    [''    '";."'^   "^'^'    '"^^^   >'-"-^   --^"-   ■-^■"i.-.    and    appro  lative   class  who   come 
-"-ally  to  th,s  section,  the  in.portance  of  uhi,,.  appears  now  to  be  permanentlv  established. 

JNO.   A.    HADDOCK, 

.Address  on  l!ie  River 

\V.\  ri-.K  low.v,   N.   V. 

CaKK    (>!.     C.'okXWAir,    IlN(i>.." 

AlKXAMiKIA     1;a\,     X.     W 


■  "i — tf  gfjc.  >:.\T7.  ■  tjit: 


-v^ 


j^e- 


■e-H 


THt  HAPI'Y  ISIANDS. 

lU     (;i..,,li,,H    (         Hk»,,1„1n. 

I'Ihii  ,  vvhrj,'  .1    IlLHisaiiil   Islands  sicoi.. 
"'"iiu;  piiUiriy  ffoiii  .\i.i«ara's  Icaj, 
Tlic  liliiidod  laki-s  with  tirclpss  Kwci^p — 
\'.is|  l.iki-s.  whirl)  Hoar  ihc  uraiii  and  ore 
<  >t  Miit;lilv  Stales  from  shore  lo  shore, 
A  iliousand  Ijillowy  miles  and   more. 

lis  ihcre  (lie  .eiiicrnii;  waters   nieel 
In  riisl]  siililiriii-  and   beauty  sweet, 
W'ln.  h  w(    virh  happy  thrills  shall  greer  — 
We  who  in  fevered  towns  have  siglied 
Kor  (jreen  .ind  watery  s()aces  wide. 
.\rid  Nature's  rnrir niirrint;  love  beside. 

Ah,  here  rhey  arc!    The  river  here. 
Swift,  slow,  tiinuiltiioiis,  crysial-ele.ir, 
l-appiiig  ihe  islands  which  iiprear 
I'heir  rocky  heads  witli  cresrs  of  trees, 
lias  sure  enchaninieiils  to  release 
Ihe  heart,  and  change  its  pain  to  peace. 

Hail  '    River  of  the  Thousand  Isles  ' 

Which  so  enchants  and  so  beyiiiles 

\\  ith  coiinilrss  charms  and  countless  wiles 

'■"low  on  iinpent,  forever  free 

-And  [laiiseless  to  Ihe  oc<'an-sea 

Which  belts  the  globe's  inuiiensity. 

.Not  there  out  goal.      Here,  liei<'  wf  si.iv 
Amid  the  islands  green  and  gray. 
Nor  strive,  but  idly  tloat  and  play 
Along  tlie  river's  glints  and  gle.inis, 
.\nd  yield  to  reveries  and  dreams 
With  which  the  i|uickcned  fancy  leiMiis. 

Here  where  ihe  airs  are  always  pure. 
And  wave  and  earth  and  sky  allure. 
■And  whisper,  "  l,ei  ihe  best  endut(.\" 
Ihe  u-iser  thoughts  and  insiincis  grow. 
I  leans  truer  feel  and  surer  know, 
.\iid  kindle  to  a  tenderer  glow. 

St.  Lawrence  River,  here  we  rest, 
.And  liere  we  end  our  wandering  ipiesi 
lo  reach  the  Islands  of  the  Hli'st. 
Where  Nature's  sweetest  sweets  abound 
.Are  sacred  waters,  sacred  ground  — 
The  Earthly  Paradise  is  found! 


1 


■e-{ 


■ip 


THE   THOUSAND    ISLANDS. 


INTRODUCTORY  AND  DESCRIPTIVE. 


(^ilKRK    is   in    North    Ameiira   a    mi-luy 
^      liver,  havint;  its   head  in   remote  hikes, 
whieh    thoujrh    many    in    nnnibjr,   arc    yet    so 
1,'real  that  one  of  them  is  kuinvn  as  the  hir^est 
l)0(ly   of  fresh   water  on    the   gh, he  — with   a 
flow    as    phiciil    and    jjulseless    as    the     great 
I'aeilie   iisrh',    yet    as    swift    in    phices   a-T  the 
average  speed  of  a  railway  train.      Its  waters 
are  pure  and  a/.iire-iiiied,  no  matter  iiow  many 
tiirhid  streams  attempt   to  dellle   them.      U  is 
a  river  that   has  no  freshets  nor  scarcely  any 
drying  up.  no  matter  how  great  the  rain  or 
snow-fall   or   how  severe  the  drouth  on  all  its 
thousand   miles   of  drainage  or   of   Ijow  —  so 
,^rand    and    yet    so    lovingly    lieatitifiii    as    to 
enthral  every  appreciative  sold. 

It  rises  in  the  great  fresh-water  sea,  and 
ends  in  the  great  .Atlantic  —  some  places  ten 
miles  wide,  at  others  less  than  a  mile.  'I'his 
great  river  has  never  as  yet  had  a  respectable 
history,  nor  more  than  an  occasional  artist  to 
delineate  its  beauties.  It  runs  for  very  many 
miles  between  two  great  nations,  yet  neglected 
l)y  both,  though  neither  could  be  as^  great 
without  it— a  river  as  grand  as  the  I,a  Mata, 
as  picturesipie  as  the  Rhine,  as  pure  as  the' 
Lakes  of  Switzerland.  Need  we  say  that  this 
wonderful  stream  is  the  St.  Lawrk.nck,  the 
noblest,  imrest,  most  enchanting  river  of  all 
(iod's  beautiful  earth  ? 

■rhis  noble  stream  drains  nearly  the  whole 
of  that  vast  region  lying  between  the  41st  and 
49th  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  the  60th 
and  93d  parallels  of  longitude  — a  region  per- 
l;aps  not  as  extensive  nor  as  productive  as 
that  drained  by  the  mighty  Mississippi,  yet  the 


How  of  water  in  the  St.  I.awreiue  must  exceed 
that  in  the  Mississippi,  for  the  current  in  the 
former    is   rapid,    while    the    latter,   except    in 
,gn-eat    freshets,   is   contented    with    a    medium 
How.      Rising  in  49    north  latitude,  the  waters 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  How  (l,,wn  through  their 
many  lakes  to  near  the  41st  jiarallel,  whence 
they  are  impinged   towards  the  north,  and  at 
Cape  Vincent  take  an  almost  northeast  <  otirse 
foll,)wing    that    general    direction    until    they 
reach   the   great   sea— entering  it   on   almost- 
the  same  meridian  of  longitude  that  crosses  its 
remote  source  in  British  North  .America.    Why 
its  history    has   so   long   remained   unwritten, 
and  why  this  noble  river  is  not  more  generally 
known,  is   perhaps  a.counted   for   in'  part   bv 
tl«e    fa.t    that    the   St.    Lawrence    traverses   a 
region    ot    country    remote     from     the    yreat 
ll> 'roughfares    of    the    world's    .ommerce    or 
trade.      It    lies    along    the    boundary   line    of 
i'Hsiness.      Its   banks,    to   be   sure,  are  dotted 
here  and  there  with  thriving  towns  and  cities, 
several    ol     considerable    importance    in    thJ 
world's  traffic,  but  its  gran.l  use  is  in  connect- 
m.n  the  great  lakes  with  the  ocean.    The  region 
through  which  it  passes  is  one  of  great  intePest 
1  he  geological  formation  attracts  the  atten- 
tion of  the  student  and  the  artist.      It  bears  on 
Its  tace  the  unmistakable  traces  of  a  primeval 
•ondition,  found    nowhere   else   on    our  <„n- 
tinent,    and    probably    not    in    more    sinkin-^ 
beauty  anywhere  on  the  fa<e  of  the  globe.     Its 
pictures<,ue  win.lings,  pure  water,   wonderful 
atmosphere,  and  great  and     aried  beauiv  of 
scenery,  are  wi-nessed   in  such  won.ierful  and 
lavish  [)rofusi(jn  nowhere  else. 


. /  s,<ri  /:.\/h'  ,1/    rill    s r.  i.\wi<i-\ii,  ia\i:i<. 


'I'lu-  air  is  ,111  c'k'iiicii'.  ul'  iiidvc  Wdiili  ili.iii 
wciLilil,  ,111(1  CM  crds  all  iitlicr^  in  its  ,iliilil\  id 
iiiiliart  |ili.Msiiic  .111(1  ciiiiiroii,  ,1s  u  ell  as  to  |i,iiii 
and  annoy.  l-',\  ci\'  plc.isuro  or  pain  is  al'tV'(  tnl 
liy  tlu'  iiiMJiiv  of  tlu'  .lir  wr  IjiLMtlic.  'I'lu' 
atinosjilu-ic  li,is  lint  (jiily  to  do  with  our  ti'inpo- 
ral  li,i]i|iircss  and  conii'iiri,  Imt  it  li,is  \crv 
inii<  li  to  do  with  making  rli,ir.i('lcr .  It  has 
lu'vii  ol/sci\a'd  th,il  llic  iiili,iliilants  ul'  liij;li. 
ni,m;oil  coimtrir-.,  who  lircailif  the  clr.ir,  purr 
air  ot  luMwn,  ,iri'  tliosr  u  ho  ronu'  nr.irrst  ici 
liviii-  llir  li\i'^  ot"  nolilr  trrcnuai.  'I'hr  spirit 
of  lihertv  .md  lioiKu-  is  ,.ii,|  i,,  inli.ihit  the 
mountains,  wliih-  the  spirit  ot  dc-piMidoncr. 
sloth  and  \rn,iliiy  is  tound  in  the  hiiinid, 
luxurious  low  (duntrics  ;  and  as  man,  so  nature 
p.irtakes  of  that  spirit  ,md  element  wliicli  luiild 
up  and  liciiiliry.  The  air  of  the  .St.  I„iwren(c 
region  is  one  of  its  greatest  ,iitr,i(  ticnis.  It  is 
pure,  (  le,ir  and  invigorating.  The  e,n  Iv  (Liu  n 
.md  the  evening  twilight  there  are  among  the 
lo'.  client  on  the  glolie. 

.\e\l   to  ,iir  in  import  mie  i  nines  \v,iter.  the 
eldest  (hiugliter  of  (  rcuion.       It  w,!s  upon  the 
water  that   the  spirit   of  .  re,ition  first  moved. 
Il     is    ( oiipled    with     w,iter    th.it    the    greate-<t 
lie.iiit)    in  n.iture  is  found.      It    is   the   element 
t'l.it    (lod    commandeil    to    liriiig    tortli    li\in^ 
ereatiires    ahund.intlv  :    the    elemen'     witlioiit 
which   all   creatures  on    l.ind,  as  well  as  those 
within  its  fdlds,  must  jierish.      .Moses  gives   it 
the  lirst  [ilace.  .md  justly  so,  hec.uise  out  of  it 
all  things  came.      Nowhere   is   there  :x  stream 
which    resemhles    the     St.     Lawrence    in    the 
particul.ir   feature   of   its   purity  and  the  rare- 
fving  influences  of  the  atmosphere.     Througli- 
oul  its  L'litire  length  this  gre.it  sire.im    has   the 
<  leariies>  .md  puiitv  of  ,i  mouni.iin  spring,  and 
the    w.iter   ,ind    air    cDinhinc    to    m.ike    more 
lie.iutifnl  and  enioy.ihle   those   natur.il  attrac- 
tions in  scenery  for  whi(  li  it  is  f.isi   liecoming 
known  to  the  tr.iveler  .md  the  W(jrld  in  general. 
N'et  its  wonderliil  lire.iiith  of  attracli\-encss,  iti 
all    its    w  ide    r.mge,  is    e\-en    more   iinperfec  tly 
understood. 

If  the  w.iters  of  the  St.  [..iwrence  are 
.ittr.ictive  and  full  of  enjoyment  and  rec  rea- 
tion  for  the  pleasure-seeker,  its  thousands  of 
beautiful    islands   present  |iictiires  grand  and 


siiMmu'  —  pictures  of  which  the  poet-painters 
lia\e  only  dre. lined,  l',  idiii.intic  .mil  un- 
written history  is  mily  an  altr.idive  Held  m 
which  f.ii  Is  assume  the  ,iir  of  licilon.  The 
romance  ot  .\iiieri(  in  histurv  is  an  interesting 
■  md  imporiant  h.irve^t.  which  is  f.isi  passing 
au.i\,  .md  soon  will  '.w  lost  forever,  unless 
g.iincred  into  the  gre.ii  treasure-house  of  the 
piinted  p.ige,  where  il  can  he  preser\ed  lor 
the  (  (lining  ages.  .\o  sei  lion  of  the  continent 
IS  the  scene  of  events  more  important  and 
numerous,  in  our  unwritten  histor\-,  ih.iii  that 
through  whiih  this  great  river  tlows.  for 
it  li.is  been  the  |irin(  ip.d  artery  along  which 
the  |iulse  ot  ci\  ili/.iti(in  throhhed  for  a^es  in 
il>  struggles  lo  penetrate  the  unknown  region 
of  the  inland  se.is  of  the  fir  West. 

Its  civilization    is   older   tli.in    that    of   ,iii\ 
other   section    of    the    continent.      The   scenes 
and  struggles  on   its  hanks  li.i\e  Keen  noliler, 
gr.mder  and  more  persistent  th.m  those  of  ,iny 
other  --ection.     Nowhere  else  (  ,in  lie  found  such 
determined    and    i  len  iilean  elTorts,      Coupled 
"itli    this,    in    turn,    li,ive   (  ome    some    of    the 
siililiniest  and  grandest  ex.iinples  of  ('liristi,in 
taitli  and  forhearence  to   lie   Inuiid   anvwhere, 
for    the    i.-ivili/.ition    and     (  i)n\ersion    of    the 
native  North  .\nieri(an  ,ind   the  possession  of 
this     continent.       .Miiiost    everv    vilhige    and 
hamlet    '   especi. illy    of   the    lower    portion   of 
the  river — h.is  a  history  full  of  stirring  records, 
important  in  the  lirst  settlement  of  this  ( oiiti- 
nent,  while  the   upper  St.   I  ..iwrence  is  (Inseh 
idiaitified    with   all    the   le.iding   events  of  the 
(.■arl\-    history    of   our   own    countrv  ;  and,    in 
addition  to  this,  has  an   interesting   loi^al   liis- 
tiM-v,  illustrative  of   the   events   and  trials  un- 
dergone   li\    .1    struggling    pioneer    jieople   ''  r 
the  enjoymenl  of  the  pric  eless  boon  of  Liberty. 
To  reach  back  down  the  line  of  vears  past, 
and  g.iiher  up  the  forgotten   and   almost    lost 
scenes  and   incidents,  and   weave  about   these 
newly-discovered  sources  of  beauty  .md  popu- 
lar resources  of  pkMsure  the   history  of  c'.irly 
days  and  discoveries,  and   preserve  il  all.  em- 
bellished by  the  hand  of  the  .artist,  bir  future 
ages,  is  not  a   work   of  ease,  though   we  have 
found  it  a  work  of  iileasure.      Historv  will  take 
us  back  more  th.in  lifleeii  hundred   vears,  and 


I 


w 


w 


/.\  '/'A'(>/)fr/'iiA'y 


«•(■  lind  i!ki1  \hri\-  aw  (v\\  marlvrs  in  tlu' 
('liiircli  ot  Roiiu-  uhosc  naiiu'orfanu'  rests  iipdn 
d  iiKHr  lasiin^  or  l)ctifr  ImmdaliDii  iliaii  tli.it 
of  Si.  I.auicncf.  And  yc  in  llie  \c\v  World 
It  has  I'oiin.l  ,1  t'anu'  and  I'lMindatinn  that  shall 
1h'  adinii-cd  liinj,'  aj,'cs  after  the  story  of  his 
deeds  and  even  tlie  iioiy  chtirch  which  canon- 
ized his  iKHies  may  have  heen  for^'otten.  It 
is  j,'ratifyin;4  t'>  kiiou-  that  the  object  of  onr 
adoration  is  so  lionorai.ly  and  worthily  chris- 
tened, althoii-h  in  learninj;  this  we  are  re- 
mindt'd  of  [Uc  ceaseless  spirit  of  change 
written  upon  all  thinj,'s.  St.  I,a//rence  the 
inariyr  has  become  St.  I.aa'rence  the  river. 

The  siereotypeil  falsities  of  historv  are  very 
man\  in  America,  and  they  creep  ii[)on  its  with 
our    eyi's    wide    open.       They    come    because 
le,i,rend  has  taken  the  place  of  fact.     'l"he  writer 
who  would  dare  seriously  to  disi>ute  the  claim 
of  Columbus   to  the  honor  accorded   him   for 
nearly  tl-.ree  hundred  years,  would  be  bold  in- 
ileed  ;   and  yel  the  position  thai  he  was  not  the 
"iiscoverer  of  America  has  been  attempted   to 
be  maintained.      'I'lie  I'il-riins  landed  at    Ply- 
mouth Rock,  and  came  to  found  a  i;overnment 
where  they  could  enjoy  relij;ioiis  freedom  and 
liberty,  and  open  an  asyliun  t'or  the  opj.ressed 
ot  all  other  countries.      |!ut  long  before  them 
there  came  ,,  colony  whose  sole  purpose  was 
I'l  Msii ;  and  the  nation  they  founded  has  vied 
with  the  others,  and  grown  mighty  and  formid- 
able in   wealth  and  greatness.      It  seems  not 
altogether  unlikely  that   the   American  nation 
may  develoj)  characteristics  which  will  be  better 
evidence  of  its  origin  and  the  original  purpose 
ol  Its  founders  than  can  be  found  in  the  piety 
or  exalted  purpose  of  the  Tilgriins.      So,  every- 
where, the  great    incentive  to  explore  and   ex- 
tend   government    bounds  and   inlluence  has 
been  that  gain  might  follow. 

As  early  as  1500.  great  fleets  of  15ritish  and 
Norman  sailors  visited  Newfoundland,  whose 
cod-hsheries  were  even  then  known  through- 
out the  ( )ld  World.  The  coasts  of  Newfound- 
land and  I,abrador  were  visited  many  times  by 
these  great  fleets  before  any  attempt  was  made 
at  exploring  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  or  the 
river,  even  at  its  mouth.  The  Spaniards  had 
then  begun  to  seek  for  treasure  on  tin;  south 


west  cf)ast  of  Ameriia.  {''aint  glimpses  of  the 
great  father  of  waters  had  gone  out  to  the 
world,  and  strange  stories  (  ame  from  the 
Indian^  of  its  source  .ind  the  great  lakes  be- 
yond. Jesuit  missionaries,  little  by  little, 
<!are(i  to  i)enetrate  the  great  unknown,  and 
suffer  the  cruelties  and  hardships  of  life  in  a 
wilderness  teeming  with  savage  niiui  and 
beasts.  S|)ain  was  pushing  her  researches, 
and  the  Old  World  was  filled  with  reports  of 
strange  |ieople  and  of  a  strange  land.  Of 
course,  fiction  and  romance  are  never  idle, 
and  they  clodied  the  whole  in  wonderful 
beauty  and  decked  the  New  World  with  gold, 
precious  stones  and  gems  of  rarest  worth  and 
evcellence. 

It  was  under  these  circumstances   that  J,ic- 
ques  Oartier,  a    French    sea  captain,  in    15  54, 
came   with    two   vessels   to   explore   the   great 
river  that  empties  through  the  (iulf  into  the 
Atlantic,  which  had   been  known   bv  the  Lab- 
rador and  Newfoundland  fishermen  for  nearly 
a  hundred  years.      He  laiulcd  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  in  the  Spring,  and  had  not  proceeded 
tar  — in   fact,  had  not  entered  the  river  at  all 
—  before  he  became  satisfied   that    the   Span- 
iards had   been  there  before  him  ;   and  as  he 
progressed     further,    he    found    unmistakal)le 
evidence    that    these  restless,   undaunted    ex- 
plorers had  several   times  visited   those  shores 
in  search  of  mines.     They  had  ascended  the 
river  some  distance,  but  abandoned  the  search 
after  amusing  themselves  by  cruel   treatment 
of  the  innocent  natives.      It  is  claimed  by  some 
that  the  name  of  Canada  comes  from  a  corruji- 
tion  of    their  expression  of   dis"i;st  and    dis- 
appointment — "Aca-Nada  "  (here  is  nothing), 
which   the  natives  picked   up  and  held  on  to, 
without  knowing  its  meaning,  for  the  purpose 
of  designating  the  place  and  associating  with 
it  the  strangers  who  came.      Whatever  may  be 
the   merit   or   truth   of   this   story,  it   has   the 
authority  of  the  oldest  and  I)est  historian  of 
Canada  (Ileriot). 

Cartier  returned  to  France  during  the  Sum- 
mer, having  accomplished  little  or  nothing  by 
his  journeying.  The  next  year  he  made  an- 
other voyage  to  the  C.ulf,  which  was  almost  as 
barren  of  results  as  his  first  one.     He  effected 


w 


lo 


./   M'/  //.\/A'  iW  nil   SI.  i.\\\ia\ii,  laiiN. 


•■  l.nulin,^  ,,n  ,1,.  n,„il,   .nl>,,n,  o  uf  ih.  y,u-M  AW  .umwtl,  of  lb,.  Iwvn.h  .  nl,„u   u,,.   v.tv 

'•'^'■'•.  ;>n.l  ■■  ilK.,1  ,1,.  |.la...  St.  N,.  l,„l.,s,  whirl,  .l„u,  ..,,,1  i,s  his,,.,^   ,.  „„.  „t  „v.„  lu,,l.l,„,s 

;!'""^'"^""    ''^■■"-      ll-'l-nMn,..!,,  l,,u„n  ,,n,l    |,nv,,n„n..        Il„.    n.omus   d,,,,,,,.,    ,1,.. 

',    •  '';""^'  '"■"''   ■^'-   '■"">■""•.   '"'    >lu'   .v.-un  |,|,„,.1.I„,MN     an,!     huMil,.'  n.ili^.s     ,!„•    .^vit 

"'•".  '";'■""■'■'■'"'"■''■'>  """'^''o'l""-^>'.-"M  numlurnl   u,l,l   Ihm.i..  all   .o.nlmu.l   tomii- 

St.   I.aurcn,  c  ^  lasl-.lay.      Thcnrr  ,h.  nainr  tiali/r  an,l  ,  inuinM  ,  ,|,r  cvcv  Hluvl  al  ha,,,,,- 

has  s|„va,i  th,.  cniuv  ImHth  nf  ,h,.  nvcr.     Tlu.  n.ss.  and  .^  ,„  a  inhaahl..  .xis„.n,  .  «a.  hanlly 

S|Mn,anlsu..a.th>lir>tl,M.s,,|„rrthcriv.r,lM„  allainaM,-.       Th.n   tnllnu-   th.  ox,,r,l,ln,ns  nt 

l>vast>an,u.  .cMn.nh.n.T.a  !•  .vn.  Innan  nanirs  Cha,M|,la,n.  who  trau-r^al   ihr  .i,s,,u..,u.,  „t 

'■alter  a  sa,n,„t  Spanish  birth  amU.du.  anon.  Carti,.,,  an,l  iKauM  ,a,...i  st,||   larth.r  u ,.,.  an,l 

■nc.r  pass.,     np   the   river  nn  this  v„va,e  ,,„.  he.l    ont    tu   the  nnrth  and    south  thr„n,h 

s  ,ar  as  where  X Unreal  ,s  now  ..tuate.l.  and  .he  ttal.utaries  ,„  ,h     .reat  taver  ;   and   tor  the 

Kre  he  ren.atncal  dnnn,  the  U  n.ter.  he.  on,-  h,.,    ,,ne   the  exphaat.on  of   ,l,e  .  ountrv  was 

iHK  .i-.piainted  with  the  native.,  tradmi;  with  l.e-nn    i„   .•  ,r„e.,      C,,,,,,  „;                 ,'        , 

,1                 1            ,    •           ,     .      ,  '  '-.•^'in    II,    lainevl.      t  oin pa Cs    weie     nrnie, 

llK'in  and   .tudyin,^   their  hal,its,<:„Mo„„  and  „id     iid    and     ,     I,,,,           i,'       i    .■             , 

, ,,,,  .                                .  '"'"    •""    ''lui    .i.^isiaiii  e    iihlaiii'Ml    lroi,i    the 


ani;na_ne.      This  point  was  at  that  tinn'  s 


"111'-       l-'reneh    -osernineiit.    and    lar-e    ln\eslineni~ 


.liinK-fan    Indian  villa,e.  under  the  name  of  ,,,,.    ,„,„,,    ,,,    ,:,.,;,^,|i^,^    ;„;;,         .„  „,,„„.^ 

!■■     n         ,fV         ""'^■^'"•'"^''^•-•""-■'l    '"  The  Indian  uatsandinassaere.uhi.h.olloued 

I  I 'IK  e,  and  lor  tcjur  vears  the  wars  and  inter-  !,,>.,       ,  n   ,      ■ 

„,,,    ,.,,„M         ,-,.         •  ^  ».i,s  and  int.t  ha\  e   s,ar, eh    parallels   m.    A,, len,  an    hi. i.  .rv. 

nai  i.onhles  ol  Ins  (n\,i  r.iimirv  iirevented   nn  I'!,,.    ,.■    .,    ,   a  ,■    >i 

,■,,,,1,   ,.  ,.;  ;,  ,  v|ovM,K(ian\  •  I't-'  -icat    trihes  ol    A  l-on,piin..   11  un.n.  an,l 

iiiitiiei  \isits  or  exploration..  i,.  ,  ■,,  ■ 

\i       ,             ...    '    ,          .    ,,  ""'liK'i-' i'"aii,ed  at  willir..m  the  upper  Mi.sis- 
AlH.ut  ,54..  k,njr|.ran,is|-irstissuedletlers  sipp,  tothednlfol    S,     I   ,u  , 
1  ,  !■                11,.                   .                                                    'I  I"  int   iiuii  01    M.   I.    u    eKe    .nid    hc'iii 
to  franeis  dcla  Rooue,  Se  "neiirde  l-iohervil,.  ,11       ■,     ■      1                                  -..oioiH,^an 
I    I    .  ei,.,nMir(ie  KolKr\al<.  1,1  l,,uk  with    leal. )u.  eve.  upon  the  in,  nr.ions 

.^ivm,,'  h„n  power  of    the  Kin,,  ,ner  "(Jana-ia.  „f  ,1,,.  wl„„.  ,.  ,„       tl..  ,„J ,  .  , 

Hochelaj,ra,    .Sa-uenay,   Terre    \eiiva.    I.ahra- 


'I  the  while  man.      The  fiir-tra.le  ln^j^an  to  lu' 
the  i^reat  hii.iness  of  the  col, mists.  an,l  the  St. 


•lor."  and  other  ,,n,ntries  or  "eities'-of  the  I  —  -  "i  u,e  .  o.on.sts.  an,i  tlie.s, 

X,.„.     U-,,rl,l        Tl,        '"''."'.     ""^^      o     "'^  'awren.erueruasthethon.n.i^htarehvwhi,  1 

.><  u     \\,iri,i.       1  he    ( omimssion    w.ts    ain,).i  tl,     ...;i        ,■  .1      ,   , 

.n  ,,im,.sl  the  tlihes  tr,,m  the  lake  ,,Mintrv   uele  eliahle, 

i-'jii.il  to  the  (  iimiiiand  to -4,)  hirth  and  p,).ses.  ,,,    ,■  ,.,   1,    \t      .       1       ,  ,  '       ,■ 

the  earth        s;;,     .,„•,  ,       ,      ,    •  .'  '"    ''■"''    -^'"H'real.    wluie    ihev    ,ll.p,,sed    ,il 

me  caitn.      Six  ships  cinliarke(    in   t  iis  exoe-  ii,,.;,-    .     1      .•    1  ■  ,       ,. 

,-.■        ,•      ■  oosixjiL  then  st,i(k  ol  .kins.       t  u  ,i.    )\  t  11.  ir  i,l,.  ilwi 

<lmon.      artier  aecompanvin,  it   a.  ,  hief  eap-  .he  river  was  reallv  opene.l    ,1,  ,  , 

am.      A  portion  of  the  partv  .ettle,!  ,,t   .  .ne-  turoiis  white  m.an.'  ' 


liLi,    l)ut    the    most    ,.l     those    who    remain,-,!  la               .       .■    , 

,,,,,,,              ,                                     Kin, unci  I  Iil'  events  ot  these  vear.    ,111, 1  the  iir,in,-,.cs 

settle,!  at  .\I,)nlreal  — Cart  eramom-  the  i,n,n  ,'         a-     .•                  ■      '       '••'""""-  1 "".-,' ^ '^-' 

!-•      The    vessels   returned    ,0   Fr.nn         I n      !"  , ' """"^    ^  ""^:""";-    "'^■>'   ^^^   ""^ 

-"    "■-    ^vl,ieh    were    gathered    ml;  ■::::„;„•  "'7;, 7    '''''■'"  T   '"" 

Winter.      The  next  vear  thev  ,-ame  a.^ain    and  ,       ■           '"■'""""5^'    »l^^'   ""- 

f"nn,!    the    little   .  donv    m-.ool      :      hio  ^•""-"''^-"1   I"'--",    portion  of  o„r  ,an,t 

^-.rtier   then  explore.!    the  ri^              ^             i  r^!'    "    'T'''-        '■'"'"    ""'    '""'    '"     ' "'' 

-    the   Sa,uenay,  and   the   new    s.-enr  :;::.:'':i,,'rT* ',:"..'-' ;-;•'''-■''   ^  ^l 


hanlly  be  believe,!  even  bv  those  who  were  in  Zn7^   'l  i     '''""^"   "'"'  ''1  ""'    "'"'    "'" 

tl-  midst,  mueh  less  bv  th,>se  wh,.  listen  d  s                '          "T'T            '''   ''"   '"^"'"    '" 

;;;;;■.-'-;-  Th,s,eeim,issti,M;:::d  ::::::  ::;;:;\;:;::'!;;;--'----'^ 

m  a  pleasurable  de-rce   by   those  who  behohl 

lor  tlie  llrst  time  the  srenerv  of  the  low  a-  St  "  ^^'■'''  ''  '""  ''"'!''  ^'"1"  Ix-iver,  -■■ 

ditirrcanad.:  T'^'T    .•'  '""■'  ^^"••-  ^"*  ■'   '"■^■""   '""  ''--  -"-tment;   not   a 

a    e     u     1  :                 t  ;'"''--'^"<-^   two  years  .lilT  but  llin,s   on   tlu-  .!,.„■  wave   som,-  una,.,, 

-ai      e       iT            ;      '^   ttp.ove,l  a  failure  of  .l.li.ht.      Kverv    turn    an,l    motion    of   th 

.eft  totnlir::;;:  ""•  ^'"" "- — -  "•- '"";-  -  --  •'-^-  ---■  -^-  ■■.> : 

scenes    tliat    las,anate    the   ,-ye.    an.l    pictures 


/'///    <ll.\l\  !>/■    II 11  !■, 


1,1 


llin  (Ir.nv  tlir  soul  in  wopihrm-  .idiniiMiion 
I"  111''  ^i-.Ml  .\rn\i  Divmr.  |!c  ii  niiis  i„ 
inii-.c  on  sn(  h  >cciu's  ;  niirs  in  -li,l,.  iluoiii;!, 
tlicMi  from  (laylntMk  till  tlir  iKMntit'uI  niL;lu 
trccp,  on  ;ini|  l.roo,|s  in  -nirnin  siillnrs,  ovit 
■'II-  'riiioiij;!!  .ill  111,.  yr,ii-.oriit\.  tl„.  nieinorv 
"I  '-n.  h  srcnrs  l,i>i  ;  tlu.y  ,  onic  in  <:>v;nn^,  and 
wiMo\i>i|  llR-ni  in  nu-niorv's  ticaMirr-hoiisr. 
■|''H'y    ilraw    ns    ncaivr    the    ivallv    f^ood    and 


I'tMuliful  which  «-,■  all  ,onu'  dav  hope  t.)  mioy. 
'I'lio  work  in  hand  is  (mu/  of  iniporlam  .•  to 
(^mada  and  tlu-  fnital  Slates,  and  is  of  o-pr- 
•lal    inlric-l    lo    persons    who   live'   williin    ihi' 
si'<  lion  ol  coiinivy  <  .ncivd  hy  it.  as  well  as  lo 
all  admirers  of  .\nuri(  an  sumhtv.      The  scope 
and  desi-ii  is  sufMcienlly  broad  lo  (  (unpreheml 
everylhiiii,'  ol"  interest.      The  pictiiresipie  por- 
tions ,ire  wiihin  the  iinn'ts  named,  and  the\  are 
arii>iic.      \-irw^  of  scenery  aiul  of  vill.l^  alone 
will  make  the  uorkofare.it  v.diir.     Th,,  s(  ene> 
will    not   only    lie    new.    never    before    h.ivin- 
l-een  presented  I.,  the  pnhhV    in   this  ,  omplete 
li'iin  -- but  the  enjoyment   and   improvemem 
"I'lhein  by  the  pleasnre-se.kers  who  m.ike  tln' 
islands    their    periiianent    .Siinnner    homes,    i^ 
.d^o  a    new  le.itnre   in  .\meric,in    Snnnnerdife, 
anil   add-,   very   much    to   ihe   natural   l)eanl\. 
These   islands   are    petty    kin-doins.   King    in 
close   and  friendly  inosiniiiy  to  e.u  h  other  — 
tided  by  no  power  except  the  wishes,  (  onUort 
and  happiness  of  those  who  call  them  "  Home." 
In    llK'    upper    St.    Lawrence    there   are   over 
lifteen  hundred  of  these  islands.      A  lar-e  por- 
tion  of  them   are  owned    by  wealthy  persons, 
many  of  whom  liave  built  upon  theni  line  resi- 


''•■I"  l■^■lnd  laid  out  la. tefid -rounds.      W  iihin 
the    past  few  vears   the    impnneinenN   in    ihi> 
"lire,  lion  iKivelu^en  verv  ,t;re.ii.      (  (ne  imnu^n-e 
lanip-nuH^tin-  enl.upri-,,.  h.u  cilh^d  into  exist- 
ence hindred-,  ,)f  fme  coiia-,'s   lui  tlie  l,ir^;esi 
i^l.nid,  and  many  ih^sirable  residences  on   the 
low.r   ,nd    of  th,.    ,,im,.,   whil,.    ,.v^.,v    isl.md, 
dnrinj;  the  sumnuu-  monih-,,  -„'em>  to  lu'ar   its 
I'oi-non.  if  not  of  pirinamait   Sinmnerdiomes, 
"I      transient     lentiiiL;     or     ,  ampin-     parties. 
Skiffs  ,and  ste.nn  y,i,  his  bein.i;  the  onl\    iiumiis 
of  j;ettinn   I'nmi   inland  to   i>l,md.  or   from   an 
island  to  the  111, nn  sh(Ue,  they  arc  of  necessity 
ir.iima-ous,  :iiul  hamUome  ami  e\p,aisive  ones 
are    pl,ail\.      'I'hev    move  silently  about,  with 
(ishin-   or   \isliin-    p.irlies,    in    the   day-time; 
■md  wlun  the  soft   evening  .lir,  so   pecidi.ir  lo 
this  region,  has  settled  down,  and  the  beautiful 
sunset  f,ided  out,  the  different  islands  will  b,- 
'ome    illuinin.iteil  ;   b,,,its   loailed    with    h.ippv 
ple.isnre-.eekers    glide    about    among    them  ; 
tluai  it  is  ihat  the  s,.arclidight  expedition  gets 
in  lis  wiard  work:   the  musi,   of  bands  and  of 
\oices  Hoai>  out  upon  the  pure,  clear  air,  over 
the   placid  waters  — and  th,.  heart  ,  annot   but 
'vspond  in    In  fullest   gladness.      Nowhere   on 
earth,  .luay  irom   th,.   sil,.,,!    .\driatic,  has   the 
poet's  dre.im  of   Veni,  e  been   so  fullv,  raj.tur- 
ously   realized.      For  fully   forty    miles   in    the 
iiPl'^-'i-  i^t-   l.awren,,.  (between  Kingston,  Caj.e 
\'in(c'nt   and  l!rock\ille).  where   these  islands 
are  ihi,  kest,  the  scenery   by  dav  is  grand  and 
inspiring,  while  the  illummatiims,  the  music, 
the    ll.ishing    bo.its   and    the    festivities    make 
the  evenings  enchanting. 


THE  CHAIN  OF  TITLE. 


^"IIK  iinp,.rtan(e  of  these  islands,  which 
^  torni  the  northwestern  bound.iry  of 
Jefferson  county,  demands  historical, onsiiicra- 
tion  distinct  and  separate  from  the  towns  in 
whi.-h  they  are  situated.  Cape  Vincent,  Clay- 
ton, Orleans  and  .Alexandria  each  claim  a  part 
ol  the  islands,  since  they  are  mapped  and  de- 
scribed as  belonging  to  the  towns  which  front 
upon  the  river  opposite.  The  islan.Is  proper 
really  begin  ;il  Cape  Vincent  and   Kingston, 


and  extend  to  .Mmrisioun  .ind  Droi  kville, 
al'oui  thirty-eight  miles  below,  and  are  about 
1,500  in  number. 

I'he  author  has  been  sometimes  pu/zled 
what  to  believe  as  he  listens  to  diverse  state- 
ments of  the  same  general  facts  as  related  by 
(lilTerent  individuals.  Xo  understand  the 
errors  of  many  such  statements,  at  once  de- 
monstrates the  unreliability  of  oral  testimony, 
and  shows  the  importance  of  serious  invest'i- 


war 


14 


.  /  s<>ii/:.\//<  (>/■  I  III:  M\  L.ni-i<i:.\i  I:  aiii-.i:. 


•j,Al\t)n  licldii,'  in.ikiiiL;  .1  rcc  mil  lur  tla'  priiUcd 
li.i,i;c.  Il  was  unci;  believed  by  m.my  tli.il 
W'ellsley  Island  was  lur  ,1  time  held  halt'-aiid- 
half  bv  bijlli  Canada  and  ihe  I'liiled  Sta!e>. 
The  ini'oii'.isteiK  V  "{'  siii  h  a  locaiinn  ot'  the 
dividing;  line  betueen  two  governments  nil!  be 
a|)|iarent  tu  the  most  (■a^^al  ob>ei'\ef.  lint 
under  smh  misinformation  there  weri.'  iiiunei- 
ous  settlements  b\'  Canadian^  upon  that  im- 
poriant  island,  claiming  that  they  were  within 
the  limits  of  their  own  country.  The  truth 
is  that  in  the  treaty  di\  ivioil  of  these  islands 
there  u.is  no  attem|il  to  di\ide  any  i-'land. 
The  treaty  called  for  a  line  runniiv^  up  the 
"  main  channel  of  the  Si.  Lawrence."  but 
when  the  commissioners  <,ime  on  to  loi  ,Ue  the 
line,  they  found  two  main  ch.inncls,  lioth 
navigable,  though  the  soatlie.ist  (the  .\meric.in) 
ch.mnel  w.is  l)\'  f.ir  the  sir. lightest,  ,ind  i>  un- 
doubtedly the  main  ch.umcl  of  the  river  at 
llial  point:  and  so  the  commissioners  "  g.ue 
and  took  "  islands  under  the  ireatv,  WelUlev 
Isl.iiul  l.dling  to  tlie  I'niled  -States  because  so 
nt.Mr  its  main  shore,  .md  Wolfe  Isl.md  going 
to  the  ('anadiaus  for  a  siinil.ir  re.ison. 

The  |ilai  e  whi(  h  this  be.iulifiil  region  holds 
in  .\merican  hislor\'  is  second  onh  to  that 
occupied  b\  N'ew  I-",ngland  and  I'Kmoutii 
Rock,  while  liie  memories  ,iiul  tr.ulitions  u  hich 
cluster  around  il  ari  's  thrilling  and  romantic 
as  are  to  be  foiiml  in  ihe  new  world.  W  .irs, 
pir.K  y,  Ir.igech'  .md  nusterv  lia\e  inntribuled 
to  its  lore.  The  people  of  the  I'nited  Si, lies 
should  ever  be. ir  in  mind  that  this  river  w.is 
disco\ered  In  the  Sp.inish.  coiitpieied  b\'  the 
hrcnch,  .igain  conquered  by  the  I'-nglish, 
wiiose  footprints  lia\e  become  indelible.  Th.it 
n.ition  \et  controls  the  wlujle  river  for  long 
dist.mces,  and  is  half  owner  for  \et  other 
long  distances.  It  is  ihe  gr.in<l  highw.iy  tor 
both  Can.id.i,  l''.i  gl.inil  ,ind  .\inerica.  M.iy  it 
e\er  remain  sucii. 

The  St.  I  .awrence  WIS  disco\ered  by  j.u - 
i|iies  Cirtier,  the  P'rcni  li  explorer,  in  15, ^5. 
but  he  did  not  proceed  further  up  the  stream 
than  to  explore  the  St.  Louis  rapids  ,ibo\e 
Moni'i'il.  There  is  much  uncertainty  .is  to 
the  identitv  of  the  white  111,111  who  tirst  g.i/ed 
iilioii   'die    be.uitifiil    scene    presented    by   the 


Thoiis.ind  I  si. I  lids.  The  early  disco\  ercrs  were 
less  interested  in  s(  enery  lli.m  in  the  ])r,ictical 
things  which  |iertained  to  navigation,  tr.ide 
,ind  ti.ivel.  .md  the  spreading  of  C!hristi,initv. 
('h.impl.iin.  in  \i>\^,  beginning  at  the  western 
end  of  Like  (  )ntario,  eviilori'd  that  lake  and 
tile  Si.  I.awreni'e  to  Sorel  river,  thus  passing 
through  the  Thousand  Island  region  on  to 
I  ,ake  (  )nt.irio  and  the  li.iy  of  <  Juinte. 

I  low  or  when  or  by  whom  the  world's  atten- 
tion W.IS  first  (  .died  to  this  .in  hipelago  is  cer- 
t.iiiil)  .1  matter  of  doubt,  but  <  ertainly  at  an 
earlvd.ite  it  had  iin|)resse(l  itself  upon  the  lover 
of  the  gr.md  and  beautiful,  t'or  at  least  two 
centuries  ago  the  I'reiu  h  (  hristeiied  it  "  Les 
Mille  Isles  "-- The  Thousand  Isles.  The  later 
.md  more  completely  ilescriptive  I'-nglish  name 
for  it  is  "The  Lake  of  a  '['hoiisand  Islands." 
Tile  St.  L  iwreiici.'  has  marked  the  line  of 
separation  and  the  Thousand  Islands  have 
been  the  scene  of  some  of  the  important  c.im- 
p:  igns  in  four  great  contlic  ts  betwi  en  n.itioiis. 
The  first  w.is  the  Indi.in  war  between  the 
.■Mgompiins  and  the  I  rocpiois.  w  hich  continued 
m.inv  \ears,  with  m  <\ision.il  intermissions. 
The  second  struggle  w.is  between  the  l''rench 
and  l-',nglish,  and  some  of  its  hostile  meetings 
.ind  \  il  lories  .md  defeats  look  jilace  among  the 
isl.inds  .md  on  the  neighboring  shores.  In  the 
.Xmerican  Re\  olutionarv  u.ir  uitli  luigland, 
and  that  between  the  s.mie  forces  in  t8ij,  the 
defense  of  this  loi  .ilitv  was  of  decided  im- 
portam  e,  but  its  joint  011  iipancv  was  settled 
by  the  uise  men  of  both  i  oiintries. 

Some  of  the  most  esciting  incidents  of  that 
ilisgr,iceful  milil.iry  .uhenlure  known  as  the 
I'.itriol  W'.ir,  \iith  its  intermiltent  outbreaks 
fiom  iS^7  to  iS^(),  took  iil.ice  on  this  jKirt  of 
the  river,  not.ibly  the  burning  of  the  ("anadian 
steamer  Sir  Robert  I'eel,  on  W'ellsley  Island, 
(HI  the  night  of  .May,  j(),  iS;,,S,  and  tlie  battle 
of  the  Windmill,  near  I'rescotl.  ( )nt.,  Novem- 
ber 13,  of  the  same  year. 

The  development  and  wiHiderful  im  re.ise  in 
the  v.iliie  of  these  islands  have  been  iniire 
espeiu.illy  tlue  to  intluences  wliii  h  have  origi- 
nated ai  Alexandri.i  liay.  The  isl.mds  were 
tr.inslerred  to  the  Sl.iti-  of  New  Wnk  through 
the  sever, il  treaties  willi  the  aboriginies,  follow- 


./  h'.i/.w  /).n    .//■  /■///,■  /s/..ix/)s. 


15 


ing  the  same  ( liain  of  title  hy  u  hich  il,,.'  main 
shore,  from  the  Hudson  to  the   Si.  F,a\vrenci', 
'■anic  linden  he  pro|)rietary  and  governin,^  con- 
trol of  the  Stale.     The  dividin^r  ijne   between 
the    rniled   Stales  and  Canada  pas.ses  some- 
uhal  arbitrarily  amon-  the  islands,  varvinj;  in 
si/e  from  a  small   pile  of  ro(:l<>  (  overed   by  a 
i^'\y  stunted  irres,  to  others  (|uite  large— one 
of   them   (Wellsley   Island)   rontaining  nearly 
10.000   acres   of   arable   land.       This   valuable 
Inland  uas  conceded  to  the  I'liited   States  iin- 
de'-  the  treaty  with  Knghind,  negotiated  at  the 
close  of  the  war  for  intle|iendence.      The  State 
01    N'eu    \'ork,  by  patent   under  its  great  seal, 
conveyed  the  islands  to  Colonel  Mlislui  Camj), 
a   diMingiiished    citi/en    of    Sa(  kets    Harbor, 
^^-  ^'•      In  1845  A/ariah  Walion  and  Chester- 
held  Parsons  purchased  (not  from  Col.  Caiiij), 
I'll!    from    Vales  .V  Mdntyre,  of  hjttery  fame,' 
whose   title  came   from  Camp),  the  north we^^t 
li.ilf  of  Wellsley  Island  an<l  '"all  the  islands  in 
the  American  waters  of  the  riviT  St.  Lawrence 
from  the  l,„.t,,f  Ro,m,l   [^hind  (near  Clayton) 
loMorristown,"  a  distance  of  home  thirty-five 
miles.     'I'lieconhideraiion  wa>>i|;5,ooo.     lOvent- 
ii.illv  the    I'arsons   interest    was   purchased  by 
U  all,m,  who  became  sole  owner,  and  continued 
•IS  siK  h    until   the  firm  of  Cornwall  \-  Walton 
was  est.ibli.lie.l  in   1S53,  when  they  imrchased 
nearly    the   whole    of    the    remaining    half   of 
WelMey  Mand,  and  then  that  firm  became  sole 


owner  of  all   these   islands,   having  vested    in 
ihein  all  the  rights  and  title  originally  granted 
Colonel    C:amp   l,y   the    State   of    .\ew    York. 
'I'o    Hon.    Andrew  Cornwall,  for  nearly   fifty 
years  at   Alexandria    li.'v,  and  alwa\s  its  de- 
voted friend  and  advocate,  is  due  the  greate.^,! 
credit  for  the  movement  which  has  developed 
the  Thousand  Islands,  and  he  is  yet  spared  to 
greet    each    se.ison    the    great    conipanv   who 
come  year  by  year  to  enjoy  the  grand  ri\er. 
A   brief  sketch   of  his   life,  as  well  as  his  por- 
trait  will  be  ap].reciated.      He  is  the  iiatriarch 
of  Ihe  American  side  of  the  iijiper  St.  Lawrence. 
The  \alue  of  the  islands  was  cpiiie  noniin.il 
until   they  fell   under  the  new  firm's  control, 
and  even  for  several  years  afterward,     l':vent- 
ually  there  grew   uj)  a  demand  tor  them,  and 
I  hey  were  sold   low,  but   with   a  clause  in   the 
<:onvevance   requiring  a  cottage  to  be  erected 
within   three  years.      Col.  Staples  obtained  as 
a  free  gift  the  grcjunds  upon  which  he  erected 
the  Thousand    Island   House.     As  an  indica- 
tion  of   the   present    value   of  at   least   one  of 
these    islands,    it    is    now    made     public     that 
§10,000  was  offered  and  refused  for  an  isl.md 
s()ld    by  Cornwall    \-    Walton   for  §100.     The 
Canadian  islands  were  not,  of  course,  inc  hided 
in  the  grant  to  Camp,  Vales  \-  Mclntviv,  or  to 
Cornw.dl  \-  Walton.      .\  considerable  number 
"f  these  Canadian  islands  were  lately  .sold  by 
ih.it  ( ioverniuenl. 


^ 


A  RAINY  DAY  AT  THE  ISLANDS. 

Cl'NSIIlXLandd.ulight.uealiheirbest      and    with    fnendlv    ,  l,,,t,    not    cbs.uism..      ,n 
^     "'"""^  ''-  '^'■'■^''^'      '="'  -•-'  ^'  --■      <— na,  yawn,  the  licnir  tor  an  eiirlv  dmiK 


'hi\  has  its  ccmpensations.  Then  the  men 
si  IV  around  Ihe  hotels,  and  devote  iheniselve. 
to  the  l.idies,  who  are  not  .so  much  given  to 
fishing  as  are  iheir  escorts.  The  book  that 
was  but  Lately  c  ast  aside  f„r  something  prom- 
ising greater  /esl,  is  now  resumed  at  the 
turned-down  page,  .ind  the  promised  letter  is 
lli'iiighi  c.f  ,ind  leisurely  written.  The  l.idies 
gather  upon  the  vernulas  of  the  hotels,  ,uul 
with  c  i-oc  heting  and  talk  and  e.\c  hange  of  ex- 
periences, pass  away  the  time.  .Main  predic- 
tions are  made  .is   to  the  duration  of   the  rain 


.r 

socm  arrives,  ,nul  after  thai  comes  the  after- 
noon nap,  Ihe  early  lea  and  then  the  pleasures 
'>t  the  evening.  Some  dance,  the  voung 
brides  ami  the  other  bright  ones  who  are  very 
willing  to  become  brides  and  share  in  the 
liappiness  they  w.itch  so  intently,  these  steal 
away  to  the  darker  corners  of  the  verandas, 
where  ( onfidences  and  an  occasional  pressure' 
"'the  hand  (possibly  a  kiss)  may  be  indulged 
in  without  loc,  much  imblicity.  So.  almost 
'inllaggin.ly,  the  day  passes  awav,  and  [olin, 
llie  oarsman,  promising  fair  weather  to-mor- 


1 6 


.1  »'/-/7;\/A'  ('/•■  /■///:  .s/:  / .nvh'/:\c/-  ia\-i  r. 


iim,  sti||iu'>>  anil  slccii  (  rirp  i)\fr  llir  li,i|i|i\' 
I  nin|i,iii\.  wild  ;iic  uillinj;  td  ck'c  Lire  lli.il  c\cii 
.1  iMin\-  (lay  i\  tniowihlr  .imniii;  the  I'hijii-.aiui 
Inland-..  whciT  tlu'  Mift  ()iilliiK'>,  (if  the  cvcl- 
sarviiiL:  sIioiy'  arc  lialT  lii(l(l(.a),  half  i(.'\  imKhI 
llir(ni-li  ilu'  rail))  n)i>l,  a>  if  wailiiij;  for  ilu; 
-im'->  cm  liantin^  |Hi\\cr  to  (Icve'luj)  tluar  liid- 
(kn  ni\  st(.'ii(.'s  and  riwal  iluir  (.•iiliancinL;, 
rotfid  licaiilics.  Thi^  i>  iiuKcd  iliai  "  INn'i 
ot  IV'.uc,"  into  ulii(  li.  uIkii  (incc  \(Ui  lia\c 
sailed  y.iiir  l.oai,  \(iii  arc  j^lad  to  >ta\-,  and  nou 
leave  the  ^|Hlt  with  >ad  rc_t;rcts,  id  be  reiiieiii- 
licied  a'\\a\s  a->  the  iilaee  uherc  the  -muiI  is 
liti'.'il  ii|i  to  Cdd  ill  -lad  lliaiikfulnc»  thai  lie 
c\cr  made  such  a  lotiiij;  >\ma  for  IIi>  wearv 
(  hildrcn.  uhd,  thrdiijj,li  inaiu  piliiriiiiaucs  in 
main  Kind-,  at  la-t  tind  here  a  spot  thai  lilU 
the  him-iy  sdul  uith  sati>fa(  tidii. 

N"W  ,     A-     Kl     I  ll,  \I.  I  II. 

All  uhd  lia\'e  c\cr  remained  here  fdr  a  week 
arc  edn-(  idus  that  after  l!ie  third  (ir  fdtiilh 
da\-  there  i>  a  |ie('uiiar  i  hanue  in  the  >yslem. 
It  \()ti  ha\e  lieen  trduMcd  wiih  insomnia,  it 
lici^ins  Id  lea\(  ydii,  and  natural,  restful  sleep 
asserts  its  sway.  Wm  like  to  sit  and  rest. 
Vdiir  le,i;s  becdinc  la/\,  and  ymi  are  luit  at  .ill 
aiixidus  lor  Idii.L;  walks.  The  Ik.IcI's  shadv 
settees  li.ive  lie( onic  malters  fdr  (  (iiisiiiera- 
tidii  :  you  com  hide,  .ifter  iiiik  h  arminienl, 
which  is  the  easiest  diie,  and  best  iiroleclcd 
trdiii  the  sun.  \'oii  v.iwn  ot'tcn,  and  wonder 
what  li.is  cdiiie  (i\er  yiui.  \'oii  can  lav  down 
and  t.ike  .i  nap  ,it  almost  anv  hour  after  lo 
^.  M-  N'lii  lanL;iiidl\  push  aside  the  news- 
paper whose  loaders  only  last  week  were  read 
with  the  most  intense  interest.  I'lie  spjiit  ot' 
Rest  (  reeps  upon  \(iii  almost  unawares,  for 
\(iur  svsteni  is  beiii^u  fed  upon  the  o/one  of 
this  health-L;i\  iiii;  spot.  The  verv  air  bei oiiies 
an  .iclivc  allv  in  behalf  of  your  overworked 
nerves,  and  betore  \-ou  are  aware  of  it.  voii 
l)e;4in  to  till  u|i  with  reserve  ldr(  c.  that  shall 
stand  you  in  -ood  stead  in  the  (  itv's  licit  .md 
]Jtish. 

These  benelM  i.il  inlliiciues  ,ire  within  the 
rcicli  of  all.  'I'liere  are  now  hotels  and 
hoardint^dioiises  at  .\lc\andria  Hav,  Thousand 
Island    I'ark,    Clayton,  ("ape   \'iuceiit,   West- 


miiisier  Park,  l\(juiid  Isl.ind,  .md  ,ii  main 
other  resorts,  where  the  po.U"  man  i  ,in  liiid 
ontert.iinment  uitliin  his  ine.iiis,  .md  ihc  rii  h 
man.  too  (mm  h  .is  he  is  (  riti(  ised).  iii,i\  also 
liiiil  (  omlorts  adapted  to  his  desires.  In 
toriner  times  there  were  onlv  the  more  expen- 
sive resorts,  and  that  kept  away  the  middlc- 
(  lass  of  suininer  tourists.  Th  it  is  .ill  (  handed 
now,  .111(1  ever\  condiiidn  e\i  ept  the  (  ludiii- 
(  ,illy  pdor  ,  an  find  bd.irdim;  houses  within 
their  me, Ills.  Ii  will  not  be  Iohl:  befori'  this 
;;re,il  n.ition.il  \'a(  .ition  j'.irk,  ^S  miles  Idiiu, 
will  be  ea-erly  soii-ht  b\  all  (luiditidiis  ol 
sd(iciv,  I'roiii  the  skilled  me(  h.iiiK  to  the 
niiilidnaiie, 

I'mi     \ai  i  i:  (U    Ri  ~i  . 

.Many    people     m.ike     the    iiiist.ike     (if    siip- 
iHisiiiL;    th.it   ,1   slimmer    v.uatidn    is   ni,|   ,  ,,iii- 
Jilcte     iiiikss     (le\(it((l     Id     various     sorts     nl 
physic, ll  e\er(  ise.       Ii    seciiis    to    be    t.ikeii  for 
,L;r,inted  lli.it    the   eiier-i.s  di'  budv  ,iii(l   mind 
caniidt    be    rciuper.ited    e\( cpl    bv    trips    and 
(livcrsidiis  ih.it  (  .ill  fd|-  muscular  elldrt.    Slim- 
mer resorts  ih.it  do   not  olfer  such   opportuni- 
ties aic  dtten  thdiighi  td  be  \  antiiii;  in  prupcr 
.iltr.K  lidiis.      There  is  aiidther  (  l.iss  of  people. 
siK  ll  .1-    artists,  le.Kliers    .ind    (  ler^vnien,  who 
seek    |ila(  cs    wluri'     tlie\     iiia\     pursue     their 
iisu.il    wdrk    amid    new  sinKiundinus.      Under 
suit.tble    restriitidiis   peril. ips   nn    harm   (dines 
liiim     this.      ('Iiaii,i;e    nl'    .lii    .ind    nl'   diet    are 
beiietk  ial,    .ind    new     fa(  cs    .md    new    si  em  rv 
tend  id  brc.ik  up  the  iiKindldin   nl' ,ill  idil  ,iud 
c.ire.       There  .ire  iml  eii(iui;h  people,  however, 
who  .ippreciate  ilie  v.diie  of   a  period  of  .ibso- 
lute    rest,   .111    entire    (cssation    from    .Klivity. 
just  .Is  1,111(1  is  better  for    bciiiL;   .ilhiwed  tii  lie 
t.illdvv,    the    physical   and    ineiit.d    i  iieri;ies    of 
m.in  are  better  for  beim.;  .illowed  to  rcjiose  for 
;i  time.      .Nothini.;   is  lost    bv   peniiitiin-    mind 
.111(1  body  e.icli    year   lo    indidi^e   thus  in  .1  lew 
d.Us'  slumber.    .\  short  season  spent  in  louii;.;- 
iiii;  .iboiit  the  Thoiis.md  i-,|,inds,  vvat(  liiii-  i  he 
shiltini;  water,  or  in  idling   in   the   woods  .md 
Ik'lds,    with    their    fresh    odors    .md    (  h.in-iii:; 
views  of  hill  and    dale,  li-lil    .iiid  sh.ide.  island 
.111(1   shore,  as  tliev  intermin-le  .md  then  sep.i- 
ate,  will  olfen    fill    the    fr.iiiie  with    new  vi-or 


;# 


lliiN.    I  I.lilillii.l     I,.    Ml  l;h  K,   HI     '  I   \\  I  c>N. 

UNK    UK     INK    llv'M-:UK>    'U     i  II  U     I    'W^,    AM'    "NUv     iHl.    1..\|M,1.>1     \  t-.>sl-.l,    oWNKK 
ON     IIIK    11  I'KI;    KIV  KK. 


4 


•«* 


//".\-.  i:i.ni<iiH;r:  <,,  .i/aav.  a; 


II) 


ju  1  .he  M„n,l  wuh  new  ,mprcss,nn>.  r.uti.  u-  ,„„  l,„lc  Icsu.v.  ..a.cl  ,.  „u,h  whnl,  nudli- 
a.l  .s  su.n  a  chan,.  l.^ndlnal  u  hen  tl„.  ,.nt  „„vi,n  viM.o,.  hav  „v,,„cnlly  n,„..l. 
.l.c,m.,nu.,c,-,.u,,a,non,,lK.n,nc,K.s.    Then.       Th.   uarninu  has  a  s,.,  ial   ,im   lin  J  iust   a, 


I  cvu    .he  encr„cs   .hnul.l   1„.   ca.vfully  In,.-       |„vsent,  and  the  s.vker  afier  a  spot  wh   re  ,he 
■;.Hl^.         I.     Kn.hsl,    ,.h,l„sop„e,-  w„„   a.-       ve,-y    s,.ul    n.ay    ,est    .,„    .nul   L    VA    l.:.l 
se.te.l  that  AnuT.ean.  ua.rk  tun  hard  and  take       anion.u  the  Thousand  Mands. 


HON.    ELDRIDGE    G.    MERICK. 


It  I--  rortiinate  U>v  mir  history  that  u-e  are 
.ihle  to  present  to  otir  readers,  from  an  en- 
tirely rehahh-  soiine,  a  \ery  <  ircum-,ianlial 
and  aeeuraie  record  ot  the  lite  of  one  of 
the  yreat  ri\er'>  most  widely  known,  distin- 
.Ltuished  and  able  deni/ens.  who  rose  from  small 
he-innin-s  to  the  very  firsl  rank  in  inisiness 
and  in  eiti/.nship.  Indeed,  the  writer  re- 
niemliers  no  man  in  Jefferson  romiiv  who  was 
sil|)eri,.r  to  Mr.  Meri,  k.  There  were  two  or 
three.  I  Ion.  (  )r\  ille  I  lungertord.  1  Ion.  C.  |;, 
Hoard,  and  perhaps  Gen.  W'm  H.  Ani^el.  who 
siood  .is  hi-h  in  probity  ,ind  tailhfulness  to 
friends  ami  to  society,  and  were  as  patriotic 
and  hi-h  minded  as  .\[r.  >[eri,  k,  hut  lie  h.id 
no  "  superior  "  in  his  adopted  coiintv,  nor  in 
Northern  New  \'ork,  nor  on  the  river. 

He  was  the    llftli   cliikl  in  a    f.miilv  of  nine 
children,   six    hoys    and    three   -iris,    and    was 
born    .March  6,   iSo.-.  in    Colchester,   Del.iware 
county,    N.  \\,    from    which    place   he    m.ived 
with     the     family    to     Sherhurne.     c:henan,-o 
•oiinty,    It  the  a-e  of  about  four    vears.      The 
section    to     which     the    family    removed    was 
almost    an  unbroken   wilderness,    with  few   in- 
habitants  ,ind    no  schools   or  opportunity   for 
obtainin-  an  edu<-ation.     The  principal  amuse- 
ment for  a  boy  of  his  an;e  w.is   pickin-  up  the 
hrnsh   and   burning   it.  preparing  the  land   lor 
'•i-ops.      The   first  school    he  attended   was   at 
the   age   of   nine.      The   school    held    for  only 
l')ur  months.      At  the  end  of  the  four  month's 
he  was  able  to   read    a  neuspa|ier   fairlv  well. 
He  continued  at    home,   himself  .ind    brother 
carrving  on    the   farm,  until   eleven,  at   which 
tune  he  went  to  live  with  a  man  named  Clark. 
I'hat    family    had    no    children,   and    Kldridge 
was    treated   as    their  own    child.      .Nfr.   Clark 
had    a    small    f.irm    on    the   Chenango    river, 


which    this    boy    (.irried    on    princiii.illv,    with 
'"iisionally    a    little    help    from     the    ownei. 
Hi-,   business,  after   getting   through    with   the 
work  of  the  farm  in  the  fall,  was   to  chop  and 
IMit    up    ten    ,ords   .,f    wood    before    going    to 
school    the   lirst    year,  incre.ising  it  live  cords 
each  year  until  he  got  twenty-live  cords,  which 
w.K  all  that  w,i>  needed  for  the  tamilv.      I'lld- 
ndge   attended  the  (oiintry  sihuol  from  three 
."   four  months  e,uh    winter,  until   seventeen 
ve.irs  of  age,  .ind  then    he  comniencid   te.ich- 
in.u.      When    Mr.  CI, irk    went   to  St.   ,,awrence 
•oiintv  in   iSjo,  young  Merick  went  vith  him. 
rem.iiiiing  there  until  twenty-one  years  of  .age! 
Arriving  at  majority,  the  people  with  whom 
he  lived    not    being  in    a   situation    to  do  any- 
'hing  lor   him.  he   found    it   necessarv  to   shift 
for    himself.      His   first    eUort    was   a' contra,  t 
for  buililing  .1  stone  w.ill    ,ii   Russell.  .St.   Law- 
rence county,  after   which   he  went    to  Water- 
lown.    Jefferson    county,     working     there    for 
sever.il    m,,ntlis.    ,ind    delivered    the    material 
tor  the  old  stone  I'resbyterian  chun  h  ;   thence 
to  Sackets  Harbor,  to  work    for    I'estus  Cl.irk. 
a    brother  of   his  former  employer.  , is  clerk    in 
I    small    store.      Remaining   there   tor  a    short 
time,  he  went  to  Depauville.  in  the  same  cip.i- 
li.y,  with   Stephen  Johnson,  who  had  a  coun- 
try store,  and  was  also  engaged  in  (he   lumber 
business  for  the  (Jiiebec  market. 

He  remained  with  Mr.  Johnson  two  vears. 
superintending  his  lumber  business  h.rgely. 
and  while  there  became  ac.piainted  with^Nfr. 
Jesse  Smith,  who  h.id  been  furnishing  .Mr. 
.lohnson  with  me.ns  l,.  carry  on  his  lumber 
hiismess.  Mr.  Johnson  was  unfortunate  in 
iHisiness  and  failed  at  the  end  of  two  vears, 
and  was  sold  out  by  the  sheriff,  which  salj 
was  attended  by  Mr.  Smith  as  a  cre.litor.  ami 


1 


.  /    .mT/V.WA'    t> 


I  III:  m:  1 .1  iruixci-:  i<i\i:r. 


kiiowiiiL;   il    llircw   vdim-    .MiTJc  k    mit   (jf  ciii- 
|ilu\  iiicnt,  lie   (ilTtTnl    liiin    .1    Nitii,ilii)ii,   uliirli 
was   gladly  accepted.       This   was   alioiil    iS^fi. 
Mr,  Sinitli   was  (loin-    a  \cry  lar^c  iiienamilc 
ami   niaiiutac  iiiiin-   luisiiicss  Idi-   those  limes. 
.Alter   beiiij;  with    him  loi  ,i  hllh'  o\er  ,i   year, 
lie  sent    Mr.   .\Ierick  with  ,i   store   ot'    uoods   to 
i'erc  h   River,  ,ind    the    lohowniL;    Snmmer  sent 
liiiM   to   <Jnelie(     to    look    .liter   lii>   Inmherinu 
iiiterests,  and    in    the    l''all   ot    the    same    \e,ir 
olfeied    him  a    | i.irl  iiership  ,iiid   ,in    interest    in 
the    lui^ine^s.     which     w.i^    .niepted,    .ind    so 
youn-    .Mem  k    liei.ime    the    manai;er.       The 
l)nsiiu'ss    de\'elo|ied    into    a    pretty    lari;e  one. 
devoted    prim  ip.dly    to    linnluT    designed    foi 
the  (Juehec  market,  and  ,dso  the  lunldinL;  and 
running;  ol"  vesseU.      The   timher  and   staves, 
whii  h    were  the  principal    Inisines-.,    were   ob- 
tained ahoiit    the   head   of    I  ,:ike  (  )nt.irio   and 
Lake    I'^rie,  extending;   into  1., ike    Hnron,  .md 
were   transported   hv  vessels  across   the  lakes 
to   Clayton,    on    the  .St.   I„iwrem  e.   and   there 
m.ide  into  rafts  for  tr.insport.itimi  to  (^Miehec. 
Ol    these    r.ilt-,   there    weie    several    inaile    np 
every    year,    amount  in;;    (.n cordiiiL;    to    their 
si/.e)  to  %'40,ooo  or  •'^^50,000  e.n  h.      These  rafts 
had  to  lie  made  veiy  strom;  to  run  the  rajiids 
ol  the  river,  seven  or  eight  in  number.      Plach 
sti(  k  of  o.ik  timber  was  tied  up  with  large  oak 
wisps,   forming  what   was  called   .1   dram,  and 
from   ten  to  twenty  or  thirty  dr.inis   in  a  r.ift. 
The    r.il'ts    were    propelled    by    ,1    number    of 
small   sails,  but    usually  went   but   little   f.ister 
th.m  the  (  urrent.      At   the  r.ipiils   a    jiilot  and 
extra    men    were   t.iken    to    <onduct    the    r.ifi 
thronuh   the  r.ipiils  ;   a  pilot    for  each  dram  or 
section,    the    raft    being    divided    into    several 
sei  tions  lor  running  the  r.ipids.      .Sometimes  a 
large    ratt    reipiireil    from    200    to    300  men. 
Fretiuently  they  would  gel   broken   up  in   the 
rapids  and  run  ashore,  .ittended  with  consider- 
able   loss   and   e.xpense   in   saving  the  pieces. 
Arriving  at  (Quebec,  they  were  usually  sold  on 
from  two  to  six  months'  time,  but  the  jiercent- 
age   of    loss    by   bad    debts    was    very    small, 
lietter  fac  ilities  were  neetled   for  trans]iorting 
this   s{piare  oak  timbii.  and   a   shin  yard  w; 


timiier  trade,  adding  birw.irding  ,ind  gr.un 
iKisiness.  associating  with  .Messrs.  I'Viwler  .md 
I'lsselsiyn. 

'I'he  business  in  the  winter  w.is  .irraiiging 
and  su])erinti'nding  the  shi|imenls,  selecting 
the  timber  in  the  (ountry,  .ind  getting  it  for- 
warded for  shipping,  ,111(1  in  building  vessels, 
ol  vvhi(  h  the  .'"irm  generally  had  one  or  more 
on  the  stocks.  They  built,  with  one  or  two 
exceptions,  all  tiie  steamboats  forming  the 
justly  celebrated  line(;n  l,ake  Ont.irio  and  the 
River  St.   Lawrence,  on  the  .\meri(,in  siile. 

The  "  Reindeer  "  lleet.  wi,'<h  at  one  time 
nmnbered  fourteen  vessels,  were  bm'lt  ai  his 
("hiytoii  yard;  also  three  steamers  of  the 
( )ntario  Navigation  Coiiipanv,  .dl  of  them  hav- 
ing his  careful  supervision. 

\\\\\\  |).  \,  ll.irney  .V  (  o.,  lie  built,  about 
1S44.  the  steamer  Kmpire,  to  run  between 
IJuffalo  .mil  Chicago.  Her  iiK  reased  tonnage 
and  decks  attracted  much  attention,  with  many 
]n-ophecies  of  failure,  but  she  proved  a  success 
and  was  the  vanguard  of  the  hue  lleet  of  lake 
traiis|iorts. 

When  theCrand  Trunk  R.iilroad  was  built, 
however,  following  n|)  the  St,  l,avvren(  e  and 
Lake  Ontario,  the  competition  rtiined  the 
business  of  these  passenger  steamers.  'I'he  line 
ceased  to  be  remunerative,  and  the  boats  were 
sold,  some  to  go  to  Montreal  ;  one  went  to 
Charlestown,  S.  C,  ami  afterwards  was  eti- 
gaged  in  the  rebel  service  in  the  w.ir  of  the 
rebellion. 

He  hid  |ireviously  est.ddished  a  house  in 
Cleveland,  one  in  ( )swego  and  one  in  Hulfalo, 
the  object  being  to  furnish  business  for  the 
vessels  on  the  lakes  Kach  ailditional  facility 
only  showed  the  nc'cessity  of  still  hirther  fa(  ili- 
ties.  The  firm  decided  to  build  a  large  lloiir- 
ing  mill  in  Oswego,  which  had  the  largest 
capacity  of  any  mill  in  the  country  at  that  time, 
turning  out  from  1,000  to  1,200  barrels  a  day, 
and  having  thirteen  runs  of  stone. 

He  was  interested  in  railroad  building  in 
Ohio,  l)ut  it  was  before  the  days  of  lloating 
bonds  and  watering  stocks,  but  not  of  incom- 


established  at   Clavti 


is      iietent,  reckless  su[)erintendents.     The  enter- 


moved   to   Oh 


.\tter  .Mr.  Smith  re-      prise  was  a  failure. 


.Mr.    Merick  continued    th 


It  through  their  railroad 


e      enterprise  the  firm  was  enabled  not  only  li 


//(>\.  /•;//'/,'//'( ;/;  (/.  .i//;a7(  7\-, 


21 


iiul  the  wluMt  i)\H'|-  llir  runil  ami  to  iiKukcl  by 
vessels,  liiit  fur  I  lie  inill  ;it  ( )^\vej4<).  Diiiiiij; 
the  war,  or  at  the  close,  the  mill  was  making 
\er\  lavLte  iirolits,  iVoia  ?*  i  to  ,'«!J  a  barrel,  hut 
unfortunately  it  took  fire  and  Imrned  down, 
with  a  larf^e  sto(  k  of  urain  and  llour  on  hand. 
The  loss  was  pretty  well  protei  ted  hy  insurance, 
hui  ihe  profii  wliirli  they  would  have  made  it 
the  mill  had  not  Imrned  down,  (  ould  not  have 
l.een  jirovided  for.  'I'he  a(  tual  loss  was 
nearh'  ,>«!r 50,000. 

I'erlKU-.  hi-.  Inst  and  i^reatest  t'lnanciai  loss 
was  ihrouL;h  the  failure  of  a  larj;e  commission 
house  (Suul.im.  Sai;e  iV  Co.)  in  New  York,  in 
1.S50.  liut  that  loss  l)rou_^ht  j^eneroiis  and 
promjit  jiroffiTs  of  aid  from  business  men  in 
W'ateltown,  Kin,u-.tou  and  (Jueliec.  whic  h  Wtue 
Ion;,;  after  most  t;ratefully  remembered.  I'he 
ijreat  financial  disasters  of  1.S57  and  i.S7jalso 
broui;ht  misfortune  to  him.  as  well  as  to  miiny 
others.  He  was  greatly  helped  in  all  these  re- 
verses by  the  coninlence  that  his  i  reditors  had 
in  his  ability  and  strict  inlej^rity,  steadil\  re- 
fusini;  comiironiises  when  offered.  He  i)aid 
dollar  for  dollar,  though  often  at  great  sacri- 
fice of  pro]ierty.  Vor  many  years  Mr.  Meri{  k 
was  president  of  the  Sa<:kets  Harbor  Hank, 
relinquishing  the  position  on  leasing  Jeffer- 
son countv. 

I'dr  niauv  years  he  found  Clayton  was  too 
much  at  one  si<le  for  the  prompt  and  success- 
ful management  and  oversight  of  his  varied 
intere>ts.  He  was  strongly  attached  to  the 
people  of  Jefferson  county  and  the  beautiful 
St.  [,awrence,  and  it  was  with  main'  regrets 
that  he  left  his  old  friends  and  pleasant  home, 
with  all  the  associations  of  youth  and  manhood, 
to  make  a  home,  in  1.S59,  at  the  more  central 
])oint,  |)etroit.  Here  he  took  an  honored 
position  among  the  business  men  of  the  city, 
many  of  whom  sought  advice  from  him,  glad 
to  ])rofit  by  his  large  e.xperience.  In  addition 
to  other  business,  he  bought  an  interest  in  the 
Detroit  Dry  Dock  Company  for  the  firm  of 
.\lerick,  Ksselstyn  i."v  Co.  John  Owen,  Cordon 
CJainpbell  and  .\leri<k,  I'owler  iV  l'',sselstyn 
each  owned  one-third  of  the  Dry  Dock  stock — 
the  total  slock  being  !§5oo,ooo. 

Mr.  John  Fowler,  a  partner  of  the  firm  of 


.Merick.  !•  Ou  ler  iV  MsseUt)  n,  died  in  M.iy,  1  S;!;. 
'i'he  sur\iving  p.utiiers  purchaseil  his  interest 
in  the  business,  and  continued  under  the  name 
of  .Merick.  I'',s>.elstyn  \'  Co. 

.M'ter  the  f.iilure  of  iS;;.  .Mr.  Merick  was 
too  old  a  man  to  again  do  bu-.incss  with  his 
former  (onfideiice  and  ^uccess. 

In  1829  Mr.  .Merii  k  m.irried  Miss  Jane  C. 
l''owler.  She  dieil  in  1  ,SSi,  le.iving  four  sur- 
viving children  —  all  of  whom  li.ive  |iroven 
usefid  and  lionoreil  member^  of  soi  iety. 

Mrs.  Cyrus  McCormitk,  wlio  was  .Mr.  .Mer- 
ick's  niece,  was  the  daughter  of  .Mel/ar  I''ow- 
ler,  born  at  I'.rownville.  .\'.  \'.,  and  sur\ives 
her  distinguished  husband,  who  was  that  C. 
H.  .\I( Cormick.  so  long  the  leiider  in  manu- 
faiiuring  reapers  for  the  li,ir\est  field,  whose 
m.ichines  havt'  gone  into  all  lands.  He  was 
the  one  to  introduce  that  inestim.ibly  \aluable 
machine  into  I''.ngland,  .is  is  so  well  spoken  of 
in   Haddock's  History. 

.Mr.  .Merick  was  very  early  interested  in  the 
temperance  movement.  It  hail  been  the  cus- 
tom to  jiut  whisky  among  the  necessary  stores 
for  every  raft  and  vessel.  He  very  soon  real- 
ized the  injury  it  was  doing,  made  liipior  a 
contraband  article.  sup|ilied  tea  ami  coffee  in- 
steatl.  and  made  it  his  per^on.d  duty  to  visit 
cabin  and  forecastle,  to  confiscate  and  throw 
overbo.iid  any  spirits  smuggled  on  bo.ird. 

Tiie  sailors  who  m.inned  his  vessels  came 
from  the  adj.icent  farms  and  villages.  \'oung 
men,  beginning  as  cabin  boys,  or  before  the 
mast,  were  fre(|Uentl\  advanced  as  they  proved 
worthy  and  capable  to  be  mates,  cajitains  and 
shareholder^,  and  .ill  looked  up  to  him  as  to  a 
personal  friend  and  father. 

One  who  had  sailed  for  him  thirt\-l"ive  years 
wrote:  "  The  accounts  for  these  years  agjire- 
gated  more  than  half  a  million  of  dollars,  but 
never  an  error  to  the  value  of  a  cent  in  his  books, 
never  a  sour  look  or  unkind  woril.  1  was 
always  treated  more  as  an  ecpial  tli.'in  as  a  ser- 
vant." .\iiotlier  who  -.erveil  him  forty  years 
said:  "  I  have  received  trom  him  nothing  but 
kindness.  When  in  need  of  aid  or  counsel  his 
generous  heart  always  resjionded  to  my  wants. 
In  prosperity  and  adversity,  sunshine  and 
storm,  he  was  alway     true  to  principle,  and 


/  M'/  1/ \//y   11/    nil.   s/    I  iwRi  \i  /    A'/;/ A'. 


Iiiic   lo   hiinsi'li    ,1-..!  in.ui.  cmt   follDuinu   ilic 
Ciiilcliii   Kiili'.'" 

Mr.  Mcrii  1<  li.hl  iin  |iiilitic,il  :i>|FiiMliims.  \u- 
\  mill  u  i^liiiii;  In  i|,i  liic  host  |i(i>-,iliK'  lnr  his 
nun  iiiwn^liiii,  111  wliii  li  he  u  ,is  M-\  iT.il  iiinr> 
>il|HT\  isiii.  Ill'  w.is  a  -Hoiil;  Whii,',  ami  ^.ivc 
miiiit\,  iiiiic  ami  mlliuiu  r  Id  |iinmiil(j  the  in- 
trlc^N  111  ihal  |iail\.  Tu  irr  \]c  \\m>  iiumiii.ilid 
Idf  ('iinuri.>>,  AUil  lan  .liuail  nf  his  liikcl; 
I  HI  IT  1)1)1  h  |iariii's  u  islinl  lu  imiic  ii|iiin  him  as 
lii''ii'  (  .mdiilalc,  1)111  his  liii^incs^  iiiliacsis 
"I'lilcl  iiiil  ]uiinil  hiiii  III  .11  ri|il  the  ndiniii.i- 
liiiii.  I  li-  ua-~  also  iiiu'  (if  ihf  KKm  lorai  Cnl- 
h'ui'.  viiiin;4  lnr  rri'>iiKaii  W  iliiain  1 1.  I  lairi-niK 
I  111'  lillf  lit  jiiil-c  \va->  LiiM'ii  him  ulicii  he 
was  a|i|inink'il  as^m  iale  jml-r  nl  IrltiMsnii 
(n!iiil\.  1)111  he  Irll  that  il  ri-iU!ull\  lielnnmil 
"iil.v  til  a  man  nf  Ic^al  training;  ami  aliilitw 

Thr  I'alrinl  War  nl  iS^;  ;S  <  aiisoil  mmli 
irniililc  and  an\irl\  all  a.lnn-  th,'  linnlrr.  ami 
lirniiL;ht  in;j,itlur  main  nl'  ilif  hi'st  nun  nl 
N'oithuin  New  \  nrk  ami  Canada  in  (nimiil 
iD^L-tlK-r  and  take  sm  h  iiKasiircs  as  umild  iii- 
siiri.'  jicicL'. 

I  >iK'  lit  ihc  Canadian  nuanlicrs  nf  ihal  rmii- 
miikL'  nf  arliitraiinn  u  rnU'  :  "  I  Inw  mm  h  tin- 
liii^li  rliai.K  In  and  llir  rnnlidcnrc  ins|iin-d  li\ 
\niir  tallicr  in  Canada,  assisk-d  inallavin-  ihr 
irrilaiinii  wliii  h  i'\istcd  nn  Imlli  .-ides  nf  the 
line.  'I'll  him  m.iiiy  misgnided  men  nue  their 
deliverance  frnni  estreiile  |i'ril.  I  well  re- 
nieinlier  the  ellei  1  iiimn  mv  nun  mind,  imt  .i 
little  e.\as|ieiated  at  the  lime.  li\  hi-  e\|i|.in,i- 
tiniis  as  to  the  sincere,  iuil  mistaken  \ieus 
wliK  h  indm  ed  many  L;nni|  ,nid  uiiilii\  |ieii|ile 
In  enL;aL;e  in  ur  e.\lenil  aid  Inuh.il  lhe\  siip- 
jKise  to  he  a  movenieiit  in  assisting;  the  n;.- 
pressed. " 

Mr.  .Merick,  de|ilnrin^  his  nun  in,iliilit\  in 
niitaiii  a  cnile^iale  ediicatinii.  was  re.iiK  tn  ,iid 
sdiiiiL,'  men  with  sin  h  as|iir,i!inn-.  'I'lie  sm  - 
cess  ot  m.m_\-  Imsine-s  men  was  nuinn  '"  lln' 
cniinsel  and  siilistantial  aid  he  i;.ive.  Academ- 
ies, cnlleLies,  (  liiin  he-.  |uililic  .md  prisale 
charities  were  cheerfully  .lided  li\'  him  as  "  the 
I.nrd  iirns|iered  him ." 

His  nnlile,  ciiiirtly  lie.iriiiL;.  his  im.issiimiiyL; 
111. inner,  his  thiiii-hlfnlness,  tenderness  and 
beiieMilciK  e,    his     f.iiihfiilness    ami     iiitej^rity 


m.ike  ,1  rich  len-icv  In  <  hildreii   .ind  i  iiildicn's 
(  hildren. 

Il  h.ld  aluMNS  lieell  hi-  thniinht  ill. II  .1  lill^i- 
ne-s  iii.m  should  keep  ai  unrk  till  the  end  nl 
life.  In  the  uinli'inf  iSS;  .S.S,  reali/inu  t  mm 
his  aihMiiced  ve.irs  ih.it  his  siren-lh  u.is  la-i 
l.iiliiii;,  he  decided  tn  -ell  the  lemaininL;  \e--els 
nl  llu'  lleel.  |-'rid.iy.  l'"e!iriiarv  lo,  iSSS,  the 
cniiiiact  u.is  made  fnr  sellin-  the  last  niu'. 
.S.itiird.u,  I  eliiiiary  ii,  the  pipers  were  In  he 
sii;iied.  lie  t.iriieil  .i  little  in  the  mmninL;, 
peril. ip-  nnl  ipiite  .Is  well  .is  ii-ii,il,  atler  .i 
siiineuh.ii  re-tle-s  nii;hi  -  -  his  mind  im  dnnlii 
lill-\  uilh  reliiiniscem  es  nf  the  p.isl,  .illd  s,id- 
eiled  liv  the  i  li,inj;e  nf  .ilf.iiis.  I'he'  m.iil 
liiniliiht  news  frnm  ahseilt  liuednlles.  While 
l.dkiiit;  uitli  his  d.iiiLihier.  siiiinn  liesuK'  him, 
III  the  ^111  III  tidings  ii  i  ei\  ed,  his  he, id  d nipped, 
line  sii;h  w.is  L;iven,  "the  siKer  curd  u\is 
Inn-ed,"  "  the  t;i  ilden  lunvl  u.i-  hrnken,"  -he 
h.ld  Inline  llnlii  his  wnik  In  his  rest  ,md  his 
reu  .lid. 

riiii-  p.ts-ed  .lu.iy,  .ifter  .ill  hull  n.ilile  and 
a  n-eliil  life,  one  n\  the  nio-t  uidelv-kiinun 
.md  iii-tl\  •iionored  of  the  ri\er  men,  w  Im 
1  .line  In  m. Ill's  esl.ile  ill  Jeltersiin  i ounlw  and 
spent  the  tlouer  nt'  his  life  there.  His  de.ith 
oci  Hired  .11  heirnit,  leliiiKii\  i  i,  iS.S.S.  in  his 
Sfllh  \eai. 

Mr.  .Merick  .md  wile  ri_Mied  a  f.imilv  nt 
liiiir  children.      They  ueie  : 

.\I.\ki\   |).,  uiie  <>i    I-.i.K    I,.  I,\(in.  a  nalive 
nt    ( )i;dens!MirL;,  N.  V.       1  hey    reside   .it    Ked 
lands,  C.il. 

llkMiN  \  (1.  Ml  KICK,  wife  i>\  \'..  I.  Carrinu- 
tnii,  of  |-iilion.  .\.  V.  The}  re-ide  ,il  Detroit, 
.Mich. 

,\Ii:i /.\k  !■■.  .Miuii  K,  died  March  j.S,  t.Si;^. 
Hi-  uile  U.IS  .\l.ir\  Whittle-e\ ,  of  1  ),iiil  iiir\', 
Ciinn. 

It.  N.VMi:  C.,  uife  of  ('■.  \.  Ch.iflVe,  of  De- 
troit,   \]  ich  ,  wliii  11  is  their  home. 

.Mr.  .Merick  was  in  in.iiu'  re-|)ei  1-  .i  pei  ii- 
li.irly  alile  in, in,  and  should  lie  spoki.'ii  ol 
.ipait  from  his  m.iii\  luisiness  enterprises. 
J  mli^meiU  w.is  the  le.idiiiL;  ipialitx  of  his  mind. 
To  str,tnL;ers  he  .ippe.ired  reserved,  the  result 
of  his  native  modesty,  and  not  the  nul^rouih 
of  any  feeling,'  of  superiority  or  of  sell-elatioii. 


T 


I 


c^ 


4  & 


C~^^TtCxJ 


//i>.\.  .i.\7>Aw:ir  niAWir.i/  /.. 


25 


lli-.^(iiil  \v,l^  IDO  u;rr.it  ,111(1    hi-,    )iiil-iiiriit    tun  \  ilcil  (:(iiiri(Kn(  r,  .iiiil  (  uiirulc'iicr  m  him  meant 

>uli(l  liir  .in\   sill  h  fiillv   as  thai.      Ili-  was  laiii-  satVtv.      ('hildrrn  AUt]  aiiimaN  never   shunned 

iienlly  ilemoc  rat  h  ,  siiiipk'  in  his  maniieis  and  his  siirii'lv,  l'(i|-   tliev  inluitivelv  perceived   iiis 

his  ladles,  as    have    lieen    all    the    reallv    ijieat  i;entleness   under    his    greatness.      X'ii'wcd    in 

men  the  u  liter  has  encountered.      .Mr.  Merii  k  .in\'  li^^lit.  as   a    man    of   alTairs,  the    possessor 

was   not  a  --h.irer   in   the   ((iinm.ind  ot"  aiiiiie>^  and  dis|ienser  of  lari^e  wealth,  as  the  unosteii- 

nor   is   it    proD.ilile   th.it  he  evei    knew  what   it  t.itious    luil    e\e|-    \iL;ihint    (  iti/.en    of    a     fri-e 

wa-.   lo   he  thrilled    l)\  .1  liu-le  call    orlnMlol  ( niinlr) ,  or  a>    the  sincere    ( 'hiistian.  he    pos- 

•  Iruin  ;      \el      he     intensely     apjireciated      the  ses' ■•(!    so   many  excellencies   that    he   fell    hut 

stiiiL;L;le  endured   hv  the  Unimi  arnue>,  whose  little    short    of  earthly    perfection.      fie    lel't  a 

perils  lie   would    suiel\    ha\e    sli.ire<l    had    he  memor\      in     jelfcrsoii    count\-    th.il     leiiiains 

been  ol  siiitahle  ati;e.      lie  w,i>  a  patriot  m  the  peculiarly    sweet,    and    enlirelv    iint.iriiished. 

hii^lie^t    sense   cjt    that    leini.      Aniidsi   all    the  ,\nd  it  is  I'minL,'  to  hold  uji  sucli  a  <  liarai  ter  to 

duties  ol   his  exaciin-    husiness,  he  u  as  a  ciui-  1  he  admiration  of   ilie   youth    u  ho  come   after 

sisieni    Christian;     the     travelin-     Mel!iodi>i  him,  as  an  evidence  that  the  at;e   in  which    he 

minister   ahva\s    lound  a  weli  oiiie  at    his    lire-  H\ed    was    not    altoi;etlier    one    of    ,L;reeii    and 

side,  liotli   from    him    and    his   amiahle  w  he,  a  moiiev -L^ettinu.  liiit  was  adorned  iiou  and  then 

l,i<  t  the  writer  has  heard  the   late    Rev.  (lard-  li\   souls  as  i:rand   as  c.in    lie  found    in    the  re- 

iier    I'.aker  spe.ik  of  with    grateful    te.irs.      Mr.  (  ords    ot    anv    |>eople.       .And    so   Fddridue    H. 

Meri(  k's  uiiosieiitatidUs  and  democratic    ways  Meri<  k  passes  into  historv  .is  one  of   the  very 

made  him  lite-Ion-  liiends,  for  his  manner  in-  ablest  ,ind  best  of  his  time. 


HON.    ANDREW   CORNWALL. 


.Xsiikr.w  (  '(H.:nu  .\i.i  ,the  ancestcjrof  .\iidiew 
("ornw.ill  of  .\le\,iii(lria  li.iy,  emii^rated  to  this 
I  iiuntr\  from  I'ai'^l.ind  with  his  f.imilv,  soine- 
wh(U-e  about  1710,  .iiid  settled  in  (  )ld  ("hath, 1111, 
{"01111.  (now  rorll.ind),  wIk  re  ihree  genera- 
tions ol  ihe  same  n.ime  li\ed  ,iiul  died.  ^"lie 
third  .Viidreu  Ciunw.ill,  ur.indfather  of  our 
subject,  u,is  ,1  soldier  in  the  Re\ olutionarv 
W.ir.  ,ind  died  .ifter  the  (lose  of  the  war.  from 
,1  wiHind  re(  ei\ed  ,il   HenniiiLiton. 

.\ndrew  ('(unw,i]l.  the  f.itherof  our  subie(  t. 
with  two  brothers,  William  and  .\ncil,left  Con- 
neeti(  ut  aboul  i.Soo,  .ind  (  ,iine  to  what  , it  th.it 
lime  w.is  (ailed  the  \\i\  West,  (U'  deilesee 
country,  'i'lieir  lirst  stop  was  at  what  is  now 
the  city  of  Rochester,  where  there  was  a  small 
setilemeni;  but  thinking;  it  was  not  ,1  i^ood 
place  to  locate,  they  went  low  hat  is  now  I'uli- 
neyviile.  Wavne  (Oiinlv,  N.  \..  where  there 
W.IS  another  small  settlenient  with  ,1  s.iw  mill 
.ind  ,urist  mill.  Here  tlie\  located  ,ind  m.irried, 
and  luuc  our  subject  was  born  M.irch  j^,  iSr4. 
\ftiu-  aitendiii';  the  district  school  winters,  and 
working  on  the   f.irin   summers,  until   thirteen 


ye.irs  old,  he  entered  the  countrv  store  of  [olin 
Reynolds,  and  continued  in  his  eni|iloy  lor 
thirteen  years  as  clerk  and  book-keeper,  iiis 
he.ilih  t.iiliiii^  him  troin  a  tfco  close  a|iplicati()n 
10  business,  he  i)ur(  based  a  small  vessel  and 
went  1U1  the  hikes  .is  ,1  sailor,  .\lter  three  years 
of  this  business,  his  health  beinnfullv  restored, 
he  sold  his  \  essel  ,ind  left  the  water.  In 
January,  1S45,  he  w.is  m.irried  lo  Marv  (^ 
("allioon.  She  w,is  ,1  daiij^hter  of  ("apt.  Cal- 
hoon.  ol  Willi, iiiison,  W.une  ('(Hints .  who  was 
.1  pensioner  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and 
ii  c.i|)tain  in  tlu'  w.ir  of  iSi  _>. 

In  July.  1S4.),  he  moved  to  Redwood.  N.  Y., 
.ind  entered  the  employ  of  DeZenj;  \'  I'.urlin- 
u.inie,  manufacturers  of  ^lass.  He  was  in 
charge  of  their  store  for  two  and  a  half  years. 
In  N'o\cinber  1  S46,  at  the  solicitation  of  .\/a- 
ri.ili  Wilton,  he  moved  to  .Alexandria  IJay,  and 
took  an  interest  in  the  lirm  of  I,.  A.  Walton  iV- 
("(>..  \vlii(  h  continued  until  iS5-,,  when  !..  .\. 
Walton  died.  .V  new  linn  w.is  then  organi/ed, 
under  the  name  of  Cornwall  .Sj  Walton  (John 
1'".    Walton   being  the  junior  jKirtner),   whicji 


2G 


.1  S(i/  r/:.\7A-  (V    ///A  s/:  /..///-av-.w/-;  a/zv-.A'. 


pai-inL'isliip  coiuiiuK'cl  tiniil  \pril  i,  1877, 
when  lidili  Coinwall  ami  Walton  ifiirrd  limn 
luisinos,  anil  the  Inm  ot'  ('(unwall  l!iMthri> 
was  cstaMishi'd,  (■i)n>i^tinii  "I  tin-  lniif  mjiis  ot' 
Antiiovv  Cornwall,  vi/.:  Andrew  ('  ,  ( 'hjilcs  \V., 
John  !.,  and  Harvey  A.  This  linn  i-,  >till  in 
l)usines>,  ami  very  iiopMlar,  de.ilin^  in  e\erv- 
thing  ie(|nire(l  in  a  countrv  store. 

Andrew  Corinvall  was  Mi|)ervisor  Ironi  iS^j 
to  1S56.  and  aj^ain  from  1861  to  1S65.  lieini; 
;i  war  I  )enio(rat,  he  wa-^  made  a  inemlier  ol' 
the  war  coimnittee  of  the  (dimly,  thoUi;h  the 
board  was  laii;ely  Re|julili(ai).  lie  served  the 
committee  faithfully  in  recriiitiiij;  ami  hllinj,' 
the  quotas  of  hi-  own  town  And  the  county. 
In  1S67  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  fur 
member  of  Assembly,  ,iiul  although  his  com- 
petitor w.is  elec  ted  the  year  [)re\  ions  by  a  lari^e 
majority.  Mr.  Cornv.all  was  successful.  While 
in  the  l,ei;islature  of  1.S6S  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Coiiimittees  of  Ways  ,ind  Means,  of  the 
Manufacture  of  Salt,  and  of  the  -Sub-committee 
of  the  Whole.  In  iSOS  he  was  a  candidate 
for  Coni,'ress  against  lion.  A.  II.  I.atlin;  hi-, 
parly  being  largely  in  the  minority  he  »vas  de- 
leated  by  a  very  small  majoritv.  though  he 
could  have  been  elected  if  hi>  friends  had  had 
ten  more  days  for  work. 

In  1845  A/ariah  Walton  bought  ■>(  Henry 
Vales,  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Vales  v\: 
Mclntyre.  of  New  \'ork  city,  the  north  half  of 
WcUsley  Island,  and  all  the  small  islands  in  the 
river  St.  I.awrem  e   in  Ainerii  an  w, iters,  from 


Kounil  Island,  in  Clayton,  to  the  \illage  of 
Morristown,  St.  Lawrence  ( ountv.  At  nis 
death,  the  lirm  of  Cornwall  \-  Walton  bought 
ihem  from  hi>  Chtate.  for  the  limber,  ,ind  for 
many  years  they  rut  ste.imboat  wood  from 
Ihem,  -,ome  ye  u>  getting  as  high  a-,  iO,ooo 
cords,  .\fici  the  wood  w.is  moslK  (  ut  off.  the 
larger  one-,  were  sold  lor  farms.  In  i860  wood 
beg.in  !o  gi\  e  way  to  coal,  and  they  determiiu'd 
to  sell  their  hinds  at  a  nominal  iiri(  e  to  indin  e 
people  to  build  summer  homes,  and  thus  make 
iheSi.  Lawrence  river  a  f.imoiis  watering  plac  e, 
in  wlii<h  plan  they  --ucci-eded  to  a  remarkable 
cMeni.  a-,  is  .ipp.irenl  lo-dav. 

Mr.  Cornwall  commenced  hi--  business 
career  with  very  limited  means,  but  wiih  .1  de- 
terminaliim  to  suci  eeii.  With  clo>e  alleiilion 
to  e\erv  del. til,  ,ind  ,1  <-onslani  care  thai  no 
debt  should  be  made  that  could  not  be  met 
uhen  due,  .md  no  unnece^s:ir\-  expense  in- 
clined, he  has  sill ceeded  in  his  determin.uion 
to  attain  a  reasonable  compeU  nc\. 

lie  has  ne\i'r  been  an  orientations  m.ip.. 
though  in  bu--iness  matters  he  has  .Uw.ivs  been 
energetic  and  prompt,  ex.icling  from  others 
only  what  he  woukl  himself  do  if  in  their 
place.  The  example  of  such  a  life  is  a  beiie- 
lit  to  any  cominnnitv. 

.Mrs.  ('ornwall  died  .Augiirt  1,^,  1S90,  alter 
she  had  seen  her  four  sons  loe.ited  in  business 
at  her  home  for  thirteen  \ear--,  and  enjoxcd 
her  grandchildren  |ilaying  about  her  knees,  iml 
their  lather  the  most  useful    m.m  on  the  ri\-er. 


HON.   JAMES  C.  SPENCER, 

K\-Judge  New  Vork  City  Sujierior  Court,  is  an- 
other of  the  men  who  have  ilone  mm  h  to  em- 
bellish nature.  An  extended  account  of  his 
lovely  property,  "  Manhattan,"  may  be  found 
elsewhere,  lie  is  a  native  of  lAnt  Coving- 
ton, I'ranklin  county,  X.  V.  His  father,  the 
late  .[uilge  James   B.  Spencer,  was  one  of  the 


early  settlers  of   Franklin 


live  in  the  Slate  .iml  N.iiional  Legislatures. 
He  .ilso  ilistinguislu'd  himself  in  the  War  of 
1812,  participating  actively  in  the  important 
engagements  of  that  contest,  including  the 
battle  of  I'lallsburg.  In  polities  he  w,is  .1 
Demoiral  of  the  Jefferson,  Madison,  and 
Jackson  school.      He  was  the   iiersonal   friend 


•  ounty,  and  was  a  and  colleague  of  Silas  Wright,  and  was  re<  og- 
prominent  and  respected  citi/en  and  recog-  ni/ed  and  appreciated  by  that  great  man  and 
nized  political  leader  in  the  northern  part  of  other  prominent  Democrats  of  the  St.ite  of 
the  State,  having  lield  many  important  jjosi-  .New  NOrk,  as  an  intelligent  ami  reliable  po- 
tions, im  hiding  that  of  Judge  and  Representa-  litical  co.idjiiior,  in  the  struggles  of  more  ih.m 


1 


•> 


f 

1 


of- 


/'/  •"^^Tf^^ 


./ 


^t^^r~ 


/ii<\.   y.i.i/As  (■.  s/'/:.V( /■:/:. 


•  I  i|ii:ilUT  III  .1  (  L'llllliy  to  siciirc  ,Llul  pLTpetii- 
.ilc  DrniuciMiic  asccndiuii  y  in  the  Stale,  lie 
.lUo  (.■njnyod  the  (onl'ulence  and  estirin  (if  all 
liis  fcl!ii\v-(iii/ciis  whii  knew  liini.  uitlioul  re- 
,4aril  Id  imlilical  (lilTe|■en(;e^.  lie  dieil  in  llie 
vrar  iS.),S.  a;  llie  a>,re  of  >i\ty-eiL;lil. 

I'hi-  liranch  nf  ilir  Spencer  family  and  that 
re|ire>enled  li\  tlu;  late  Cliiel  Justice  Amlinise 
S|.en(er,  and  his  Min,  I  lun(iral)lc  [olin  ('. 
Sjieni  er,  were  kindred,  and  claim  a  commdn 
.mcrsiry.  The  famil\  emigrated  tn  Xew  \'ork 
Iruni  ('Mnnecti(  111,  their  ori^dnal  place  of  set- 
ile;neni  in  the  New  World,  sjirintiin^i;  from  an 
Mni^h^h  ancestor,  William  Spencer,  who  came 
to  Caiiiliridge,  Mass..  before  or  earlv  in  the 
\ear   i  0  :;  i. 

li  appe.irs  that  he  retu.ii>_d  to  or  visited 
l'.ni;land  afterwards,  for  he  married  his  wife, 
Aliie.  in  th.it  conntrv  about  the  vear  lO;:. 
lie  was  a^am  a  resideni  and  a  iirominent  man 
m  Camliridi^e  in  16,54-:;;,  and  was  afterwards 
one  of  the  lir>t  -ettlers  in  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  three  brothers,  all  of 
"liom  were  amoni;  the  early  settlers  of  Hart- 
ford. 

The  lamily  of  the  [iresent  J udire  Spencer. 
"II  the  maternal  sitle,  were  purely  Irish.  Hi^ 
,i;ran(llalher  emi-rated  to  this  conntry  from 
Ireland  |irior  to  the  .American  Revolution,  and 
served  his  adopted  countrx  as  a  soldier  diirino 
the  War  of  IndeiiendeiK  e. 

Jud-e  Spencer,  before  he  had  fully  attained 
iiKinhood,  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources, 
and  acpiired  hi^  education  and  profession 
ni.iinlv  by  his  own  exertions.  Mr  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  1X50,  in  his  native 
<'Hintv,  and  soon  became  popular  and  re- 
si)e(  ted  in  his  iirot'e^sion. 

In  1854,  he  removed  to  0,L;densl)ur■,^  St. 
Lawrence  county,  and,  with  judt;e  William  ( '. 
ISrown,  formed  the  lej^al  firm  of  lirown  \- 
Spencer,  which  for  many  years  enjoyed  a  suc- 
cessful and  profitable  practice  in  the  court-,  of 
Northern    .Mew    York.      In    .857    he    was    ap- 


pointed   United   Si.ttes    District   .Attorney    for 
the  Morthcrn  District  of  Xew  York. 

The  performance  of  the  duties  of  that  office 
extended  his  professional  acjuaintance  into 
nearly  every  county  of  the  State.  .After  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  he  removed 
to  the  cily  of  New  \'ork  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city.  His 
ener-y  and  industry,  added  to  his  former  |iro- 
tessional  reputation  in  the  Slate,  soon  brou<,dit 
him  clients  ami  a  very  successful  business. 

In  1867,  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
Hon.  Charles  .\.  Rapallo  and  other  le.<;al  ■gen- 
tlemen, under  the  firm  name  of  Rapallo  \: 
Sjiencer,  which  became  I'amiliar  to  the  public 
ami  in  the  courts  as  associ.ited  with  some  of 
the  most  important  causes  of  the  day,  includ- 
ing' ihe  tamous  Mrie  controversv  and  other 
equally  im|(ortant  litii^ations  connected  with 
railroad  and  steamship  companies.  The  ex- 
istence of  that  firm  terminated  with  the  elec- 
tion of  its  senior  members  to  the  bench  —  Mr. 
Ra|)allo  to  the  Court  of  Ap|ieals,  and  Mr. 
Spenct^r  to  the  Superior  Court  of  .\ew  \'ork. 
He  was  a  candidate  at  a  later  day  tor  reelei-- 
tion  as  judge,  but  was  defeaied  bv  a  small 
majoritv. 

Oil  his  retirement  from  the  bench  and  re- 
turn to  tile  active  practice  of  his  |)rolession  in 
.\ew  York  city,  the  Judi,'e  was  heartily  wel- 
comed, and  his  old  clients  renewed  their  al- 
legi.mce.  .As  years  have  worn  away  he  has 
become  more  attached  to  his  .Manhattan  Island 
(see  description  elsewhere),  arid  there  he  sjiends 
much  of  each  summer,  a  practice  datin,t,'  back 
for  twenty  years.  He  has  improved  and  beauti- 
fied every  thini^  he  has  touched,  and  is  known 
as  a  liberal,  progressive  gentleman,  taking  a 
deep  and  healthy  interest  in  all  that  relates  to 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  imi)ro\  ement  of  its 
Islaiuls.  Such  men  become,  in  a  sense,  pub- 
lic benefactors,  and  their  memory  should  not 
die  lor  want  of  proper  recognition,  nor  their 
example  be  lost  upon  posteritv. 


CANADA'S  WEST  POINT. 


(•^KK    \ii:W    mF    KtMi-r.'S     IIKI.'l   WITH| 


THE  ROYAL  MILITARY  COLLEGE  AT  KINGSTON. 


r.v    I.   jiiNi- 

I'll  .1  rmnliri'  cxtriKlillL;  ;i(  idss  a  cdiiti- 
lunt,  luiidi'i-i'iL;  oil  a  naticm  t  rcun  u  liicli 
x'Ncial  lidslili'  laiil^  >m  hciialf  cjI  "  Iri-'li  iinK'- 
|iriulciui.'  "  have  taken  phu  e.  ami  with  a  hall- 
liiecd  and  Inih'aii  ]io|Julali()ii  in  hcv  ou  n  iKirth- 
wrst,  which  ha>  nn  two  ncca^inns  liicikcii  unt 
into  ojicn  rebellion,  Can.ula  InrU  it  iie(es>ar\ 
to  maintain  the  nm  lens  ol  a  iiiililary  t'oree, 
wliieli  shall  lie  available  on  shoit  iiotire  to  de- 
leml  her  frontier  or  to  jait  down  rebellion.  She 
ranndl  altord  to  maintain  a  --tandinL;  arnu,  but 
>lie  has  three  batteries  nl'  artillerv  on  perma- 
nent serviee  and  a  i'a\alr\'  st  hool.  tour  mt.m- 
tr\'  schools  and  one  niounted-inl'antrv  s(  IkhiI. 
at  whii  h  the  ol'tic  ers  and  non-(dinmi-->iiined 
ot'ticers  ot'  the  \'olunteer  Militia  may  re(  ei\e 
-.Itch  a  traiiiin:;  .is  will  t'lt  them  to  take  com- 
mand and  give  instruction  to  the  volunteer^, 
who,  taken  Irom  the  field  or  Wdrkshop,  would 
olherwisi.'  be  wliolb  untrained  ,ind  undisci- 
plined. 

liut  wl'iile  iter  volunteers  h.ne  ^iveii  a  good 
account  of  themseK  es  when  occasion  called 
them  into  active  service,  and  while  lu'r  schools 
of  milit.iry  instruction  h.ive  been  the  means  of 
placing  good  officers  .it  iheir  he.id,  it  was  felt 
that  something  more  was  needed  to  complete 
the  system,  and  accordingly  the  I'.irliameni  of 
Canada,  in  1H74,  passed  an  act  aulhori/ing 
the  establishment  of  .1  Royal  Militarv  ( 'ollege 
"for  llie  |)urpose,"  as  the  act  slates,  "of  im- 
parting a  idinplete  I'diic.ition  in  all  lu, inches 
of  military  tactics,  fortitlcation,  engineering 
and  general  scientific  knowledge  in  subjects 
connected  with   .md  necessary  to  a  tlKuough 


i;t  I  I  ,    M.    \. 

knowledge  ol  the  mi!itar\  prolc----ion.  and  for 
ipialif)  ing  otfii  er--  lor  1  omiiund  and  Ini  stalf 
appointments." 

In  selecting  ,1  site  (nr  the  (ollege  the  go\ - 
eniment  natiiralU  mined  its  cvos  to  three 
places  wliuh  wore  spei  ialh  .ulapted  for  the 
]iurpo<;e  by  \irtue  of  their  historical  associ.i- 
tions  and  the  posse-~sion  of  extensive  fortifica- 
tions which  might  be  utilized  for  technical 
training.  I'lu'se  were  ll,ilifa\.  (^)uelicc  and 
King^tiiii.  The  l.iiu  1  w,is  iiltinnieK'  (  hoscn. 
for.  111  .iddition  to  biiiig  the  most  (eiitral,  11 
pds^e^^ed  certain  buildiiig>  which  1  oiild  In' 
iitili/.ed. 

.\lti'r  the  coinpiest  nf  (_",inad,i,  Kingston, 
the  site  of  l''orl  l-'rontui.ic,  biiill  in  1(175  ''\' 
the  rieiieh  comm  iiiiler  after  whom  it  was 
n. lined,  bei  , line  .1  milit.irv  posi  n\  gre.it  im- 
piut.iiice.  |)uring  the  w.u  (if  i.S;.'  ii  was  the 
British  n.u.il  st.ition  lor  the  hikes.  A  doi  k- 
\'.ird  was  established  on  a  low  proniontorv 
whii  h  juts  out  between  the  ('ataraipii  river 
and  , I  sin. ill  inlet  of  the  .St.  I,.iwrence  c.illed 
N'.uy  II. ly.  .\t  this  ddckxard  Sir  janies  \'eo 
built  his  tleet  for  F.ake  ( )ntario.  .\fier  the 
war  the  iloi  k\,ird  was  dismantled,  but  a  large 
three-story  stone  building  remained,  kiHiwn  as 
the  Stone  I'rigate.  w  liich  h.id  been  oi ciipied 
by  the  m.irines.  This,  wilh  ,1  l.irge  blai  k- 
sinith  shop  (lose  bv,  w.is  iiiili/ed  for  the  lol- 
lege.      I  See  building  ,it   letl  (enter  nf  ]iictiire.  | 

In  iSjd  the  first  (  l.isscs  were  opened,  eigh- 
teen c.idets  being  admilted.  The  stall  con- 
sisted of  ,1  command. int.  .1  1  .iptain  ,ind  three 
prok'ssors.     .\s  the  1  l.isses  grew  .  moii;  .uaaun- 


\   ''^^■ 


^m 


(.i.v.i/>.rs  ir/-:sy  /'o/w. 


31 


\   'M 


11111(1,111(111  \\•.l^  rc(|tiiri.'il,  ,111(1  ;i  iai'Lic  ImiUlin^L;, 
ot  the  j,'n.'y  iiiiu-,iiinr  for  wliich  Kinj^slon  i\ 
famous,  was  a(I(](_'(l.  It  1  oiitains  otiiccs,  rcad- 
'.n_i;  ,111(1  nirNs  f((Oiii>,  lilirary,  class  nidins, 
lalioratory,  lios|jital  aiul  kil(  lirn.  The  Stdiie 
l''n';4ate  hei  amo  a  ddnnildry,  and  the  lilack- 
smiih  shop  was  (■( 111 \  cried  into  a  well-e(Hii|iped 
};>  iiuiasiimi. 

The  in.iin  hiiildinn  I'Hi'^  -i  sp.icioiis  |iarade 
Kidimd,  with  tenni-,  lawn  and  cricket  L;roimd, 
and  (ipposite,  on  the  point,  is  Van  iMederick, 
a  liattery  wliic  h  ■luards  the  entrance  to  the 
harhor,  with  a  martello  tower  at  its  apex. 

Thoiii;h  modeled  after  Woolwich,  the  col- 
lege i^  intended  to  nive  the  cadets  a  trainini^ 
which  will  fit  them  for  1  ivil  ns  well  as  military 
lile.  The  course,  wliich  i^  four  years,  thout^h 
prcjvision  is  made  for  a  two  years'  c(nnse  in 
certain  siilijects,  eml)ra(  es  ICiiL^lish,  l''rench, 
drawin-,  iiiathem,iti(  s  and  mechani(  s,  eni;i- 
neerinji,  surveyini;,  fortihcation,  ar(  hitectiire, 
astronomy,  chemistry,  geoloj^v.  inineraloi^y, 
l)hy>ics,  electricity,  tactics  and  strategv,  sig- 
nalini;,  military  law  and  administration,  mili- 
tary drill,  ■ivmnastics,  teiK  iiii,'.  swimming  and 
riding.  A  lew  of  these  subjects  are  volun- 
tary, liiit  luo^l  of  them  ,ire  obligatory.  .\  rig- 
orous ex.imination  has  to  be  passed  i(v  candi- 
dates lor  entraiK  e.  and  if  more  reach  the 
minimum  than  can  be  admitted  —  two  from 
each  of  the  twelve  militarv  tlistri(  ts  into 
which  Canada  is  divi, Id  —  those  who  make 
the  highest  number  of  marks  are  given  the 
prctereiice.  The  age  of  admission  is  from 
fifteen  to  nineteen. 

The  military  ,talf  consists  of  .1  command- 
ant, stall  .idjiitant  and  seven  profesM)rs  and 
instructors,  four  of  whom  are  gradu.ites  of 
the  college,  and  two  of  the  litter  hold  com- 
missions in  the  regular  army,  live  of  the 
staff  are  officers  of  the  active  list  of  the  im- 
peri.il  army,  lent  to  the  college  for  a  five 
years'  term,  at  the  close  of  which  they  ,ire 
re(piiied  to  rejoin  their  command.  'I'wo  are 
officers  of  the  retired  list.  I'lieie  is  a  (ivil 
stalf  of  live,  holding  permanent  appoint- 
ments from  the  government.  The  presence 
of  imperial  officers  gives  a  standing  to  the 
institution     which     it    would    not    otherwise 


possess,  and  helps  the  proper  tr.iining  of 
I  hose  ol  the  (  adels  who  .ire  desiined  for  com- 
missions in  the  regular  army.  'I'he  govern- 
ment was  fortunate  in  the  choice  of  the  first 
(  (imm.mdant,  Coi  .  Hi  \m  i  i  ,,,f  the  Royal 
i'Jigineers,  who,  in  addition  t)  being  an 
accomplished  S(holar  and  a  good  soldier, 
was  possessed  of  great  tact  and  energy,  and 
knew  Canada  from  former  service.  To  his 
skill  is  due  in  large  measure  the  sik cess  which 
attended  ihe  college  from  its  very  outset,  and 
his  guiding  hand  directed  it  through  the  difii- 
culties  which  invariably  attend  the  early 
career  of  a  new  institution,  whii  h,  in  this 
case,  was  to  a  large  e.\tent  an  e.\i)eriment. 
Having  completetl  his  term  he  returned  in 
1.S.S6  to  Plymouth,  and  was  siic(  ceded  bvC(j|., 
Di.n  i:r  of  the  Royal  Artillerv,  who  had  been 
prolessor  of  surveying  and  astronoinv  from 
the  beginning,  and  who  ]iroved  himself  to  be 
a  worthy  successor.  The  i)reser..  .,ead  of  the 
institution  is  M.\  i.-C>i:\.  c:ami  kox,  late  of 
the  Royal  Artillery. 

Sik  l-ki',iii:kuk  Miudi  I'/roN,  now  retired 
from  the  command  of  the  Canadian  forces, 
took  a  deep  interest,  offici.dlv  and  personally, 
in  Ihe  college,  and  during  its  early  days 
helped  it  with  counsel  and  advice,  which  his 
exiicrience  ,it  Sandhurst  well  (pialified  him  to 
give.  The  general  ofiicer  commantling  the 
militia  is  e\-ofiicio  president  of  the  college. 

'l"he  entrance  examinations  are  held  in 
June  at  the  headciuarters  of  each  military 
district,  and  the  twenty-four  successful  can- 
didates report  themselves  at  the  opening 
of  the  term  the  following  September,  The 
lirst  week  is  spent  in  being  uniformed  and 
drilled  into  some  kind  of  form.  The  sec- 
ond week  the  old  cadets  return,  and  the  g.ir- 
nson  settles  down  to  hard  work.  The  daily 
routine  embraces  drill  and  (lass  parades, 
study  and  other  duties.  l''rom  reveille  to 
tattoo,  with  the  exception  of  two  hours —  from 
four  to  six,  during  which  he  is  free  —  the  (  adet 
is  under  the  eye  of  authority  in  the  class  or 
lecture  room  or  on  parade.  There  is  none  of 
that  loitering  which  so  often  takes  j.hH-e  at 
civil  colleges,  none  of  that  individu.d  liberty 
which   often  means  license.     The   cadet  has. 


./  .V. '/  17  \7A'  '7    nil.  >i.  I .\i\-ia  \i  I   h/\  I  h\ 


lldWCN  iT,    IWll  ll.lll    llillid.lVs,  111!    W  .iIiumLiV    .lllll  mil 


iiriuri^    l,ik(  >    |i|,iif,    uilli    hldUih-    ii{>   (j| 


S.iiiir(l,i\',    wlnii    lu'   m.iy   .;' i   <iiil    un    pi^^    nil  iiii.i.;in,ii  y  linlilh  .iticin^  ,iih1  i|,ri>,  .ind    in 

'l^'^i'll     ii'i  l"rk.  (II     uilh    r\Il,i    Kmm'    lill    (iiic,  liiliiticiii     n|     (liill    .111(1    li.Udini    i  Aii(  ix  .  ,il  Ur 

I'll!-'    .111(1     |',iiln.'>    111    Kin--.l(iii    .lie  iiiiird    Idi  w  liK  li  llu-  usiill^,   (i|    liir  lA.iinin.iliiiii-,  .lie  an- 

llu-c  (1  i\ -.  I<ii    llic  c, 1(1(1.  Willi    Ills    -,u    s(.irKi  iidiilK  I'd.  iIh'    |.ii/cs    dl-l  i  ilcili'd,  .ind    llirMC^- 

llllil'illil,   l>     in   ilil|i(ill.llU     1,1(1(11     ill    the  ^(((  i,il  -I'dl  li|((il-lil    td  ,1  uTiiiiii  ilKdi.        I  he  '^(nillKil- 

Wolld.        \\  llllc    iltciidin^  llii'  (  (ilK'i^c   till'  (  ,i(lt't>  .m'licl.il,   the    liiiiii-.Ui     (il      luillli.i,    iil     ^i  iliic(  ilic 

■  IK'  lit  (  (iiir>c  siiMc(  I    Id   ilii    (,>iic.  n'-,    Isi'-iil.i-  I'Nr  liiL;li    in  .iiiili(irii\ .  i^   ,,  ,  uud.  if   piis^ililc, 


the    \rin\  .\(  I,  liu'  M  ilil,,i    \(  I,  ,ih(l  -.in  1 


1       III  disti  licilc    ll 


(■    |iri/i'>    jiiil 


(  dlKi'  riik'>  and    iv^w  latKiii-^  a- 
liodps  arc  Miliji'i  I  id. 


I  In    M 


I  H'^l  \ 


nialv 

111 


t    a  -1  H  (_(  ll. 


I'diir  (  ((iiiiiii>>i(iiis.  .iiic  (Ml  ll  111  ilu-  tai-iiu'i  i'^ 
•  illilldA  ,  I  a\aliv  .\nt\  inlaiiliv    liiaiii  lies  dj   ilu 


'I' he  |ili\  >i(al   II  iiiiiii-  I-.  r\i  (111  111.      .S|  ui,  I  .-  illl|nrial   -.el  \l(  i,-.   ,ili-  a  \  .ilia  I  .!(.■,  I  lie  i  .idrts  wild 

M\|(ik     \l(iki,  \  \,  (ll     ilu-    .S(((|s   (IiialcU.  |(ii  -  SI, 111(1  iiiL;lir--t  (111    ilu-    Ikiihii     idll,  il    d|luiui-.c 

sidis  (i\  I  r  lliN  d,|i,irliikait,  .ind    ua  11  ( jiiililicd  cli.niMc.  Ik  iiii;    lmiIiiKiI    id    tin  in    in  I  lie  ( nalcr 

111'    1^    Id    lill   ilu-    pd^iiidii.      ( '.idiis  w  lid   |i,i..s  ii.iiiu'd.       I'Ik'  I'lr-i  I  wd  .lie  I, iL;i.al\'  Mill-Ill.  the 


Idiir    \aMi-    iiiiiKi     1 


IN    ln■^ll  U(  lidii    (  diiir  dill       lliird    -lauT.ilK     u^ 


nil    dia  |i    I  llcs!>  .111(1 


( i(  ■>   .1-Ih  .inin^.  a-N   lliric    ,iic 

IC(  I   llunro,    iiid    .-.lidu        U'w   ('ill, nil, ill  \  (lill  lis  w  illi    siitti(iinl  inc. in--   td 

*  ImI  .1  tlidi(iiiL;li  |iliy--i(  ,il  I  iMinini^  i  ,iii  .n  (  ( mi-       ki.i'|i  up  ,i  pusiii.  ui  m  -.ik  li  an  r\pL-ii--i\  i-  In.iiK  li 

ili-li. 

'  >iu-  (ll   I  he  lew  .iiaN  III  ud(  111  (  diidiK  I   I,  pid- 


Ilu-    --ll  \  i(  I',  III    \^  lill  ll    (  ,isr    ,111    ,iildiii(iii,ii 

iiniiiis--idii  in  ilu-  iiii,iiili\-  is  miu-r,i|l\-  sulisiu 

.\ll  u  lid  li,n  (■  I  iki  11  ihc  fall  Idiir  \  r.ii  -' 


nidlidii     Id    ilu'    iMiik     df     iidii-(  dinniissiiMu  ll       iiiii'd.      ,\ll  v 

(iIlK  cr,  1  lu'    <,(iiiiiii,iiid,iiu    li,i\iii^    ,iiiiliiir!i\   Id       (  diii'si.-,  ,ind  I  pMlilii  ll  in  .ill  I  lu-  (ilili;^,ildi  \   siili 


,ip|idini  NiK  ll  I  idin  anidii 


tlld^C  Ik-sI  ipi.llirK-d.         ii-(  Is. 


rdllil  Is  nr  w  Ik  I  Is  Mi\  i-sti  d  \\ 


.irr     (.nlilK-d     Id     iiii-i\t-     .1    dipldin.i    nl 
nil  liu- I  lu-\  |-diis,       .uradiLilidii.     liiusc     ulm     Imm-    spiii.dK     dis- 
iir  ui\-i'n  ilu-  riulil  id  wa-.n   ih.-  si.'r^c.inrs  s.ish.       liiiL;iiislu-d  llu-nisrU a-s   .lUn    riiii\in_;    hdiidts. 
I'l'll     ullih-    slllijirl     Id     still  I     (lis,  iplnu-    the        'I'lidSi-  w  lid  K-.IV  I-  .11    llir  rlld   df  I  u  n   \  (-,il  s,  ,ind 

lijri  Is  111  pi  i  red.  ia-1  1  i\-i-  ,1  (a  11 1  111  .lU- 
h 


I  .KU-is    ii.iv  (■    (11  ipi  iri  laiiiu-s    t( 


I  iilliwiK-    liu-if       p 


(11  ill    I  in.ihiu-s. 


(  )lU-     df     ilu-     l-\  CIlls     III      ll 


It-      dl  inilii.ii  \   ipi.ililK  .11 1(  111  diiK 


se.isdii  Is    ihc  ,1111111. ll    spuiis,  w'hii  h    t.ike  pl.ii  a-  .\IU|-    ilu-    ntlii  i,il    prdi  ci  diii-s   arcuNri    mi 

in  ,'>e|iU-inln  I'.       I'lu-  cainpiis  is  .ili\a-  u  illi  (  ,ir-  ilu- i  hisiiiL;  d,i\    the    cuk-ls   li.ive    ,i    p.irnK    of 

ri.i.L;e>  and  pevlesi  ii.iiis,  \\  hilc  pri-tl  y  ^irls.  \\  ii  h  then  (ju  n.  w  hen    the  ineinldi  >  dl    the  L;r,idii,it- 

tlieiv    I  h.ipei'iins.    liirin    ilu-    center    df   ^roiips  in-  i  l.iss  li,i\  e  In  imderi;d    ,in    dide.il  nf  li.iiid- 


en-.iijed    in    anini.i 


ted 


ill\  els.ilidii.  ( 


If  w  .111  h-       sluikiiiL;  and  le,n  e-l,ik 


ill-  Ml  true  I  dlleue  Idini. 


111-  uilh  inli-iesl  the  \,iridiis  i  (iiiipelitidiis  nj  A  \  ,ile(li(  tmy  dinner  in  the  e\aiiiii-  Idlhnvs. 
^peed  .111(1  skill.  R.ua-s,  iuiiipin-  cdinpi-tii  idiis  ,iiid  then  ste.inu-r  ,ind  i  ,ir  lie  ii  the  i  ,i(lels  dlf, 
.mil  sU-eplei  ha--es  lulldu  c.u  h  nlher  in  ipiiik  and  the  li.ilU  .ire  deseiled  Im  three  innnlhs. 
siiei  essidil.  while  the  til-    of    w  ,ir  liel  ween    the  Sdine    nf    the    )i,issed    (,idelsdf  the   (nlh-e 

ri.Ljht  ,ind  lell  wiii-s  (■re,ile.s  .ilimisl  ,is  sin  h  h,i\e  .ilicidv  wmi  I, line  fur  theniseUes.  i'lu- 
interest  .is  iho  strii--l(-  dii  the  jsis  ln-tweeii  n.iiiu-  ol  S  i  \iks.  wlm  ai  (  dinpinied  Si  \\ii\ 
the(dlle.m-   ei-hl<.      'rile    i^, lilies   d\er.  all    .id-       in     his   nun  h    ihrdii-l:  d.irkesi  Alrii.i,  is   well 

iidW-ii  the  w  an  Id  d\  ei .     I  ,li  i    i .  Ill  w  i  i  i  s,i  ved 

Win;    nil    the 


jdiirn    td    the    ,u\  inn.isiinn.    wlu-ie    llie    pri/es, 

tildresulistanli.il   ih.iii    the   <  row  n  of  i\  y  .u  the  in  the  Sdiid.in  .ind  hears  ,i  nied.d 

(  )l\iiipii    -.lines.  , ire  distrihiited  In  the  victors.  li.mk--  nf   Ilu-    Nile.,in(l    l.iii    i.     |),i|;r.M     li.is 

Tea  and    .m    iinprdinplii   d.inia-    Inllow    in    the  distm-iiislu-d  liiniself  fm   Iir.i\er\    in    r.iiini  ih. 

Cdllcge  halls.  ( )i  (  asidii  has  nnt  \ei  ,iris,n  to  i  .ill  mid  full 

A  hall   is  -i\eii  .It  ("111  istin.is  l,y  the  st.iff  .md  pl.iv  liie  eiier-ies  of  llie  lapidK  --rnw  up-  iiu  in- 

(  aiK-ts.  and  ,1  yet  more  el.ilidiate  enterl.iinnu-iU  lurs   df  the    graduates   df   the    l\c\,il    Milit.irv 


df  Miiiil.ir  cli.ir.n  ler  at  ili 


e  ( aose  i 


ll    tlu-idlle-e        ( 'dlle-e.  and    ll    is  I  hel  (-fore  Ion  e,irl\    t(  i    jink 


vear  in  June.      On  cIonIii-  day  a  seric-^  of  lield      ol  iisfnll  lienelil  luCmada.      Hiu  iheopinidn 


^^?^^"'^' 


'.!» 


>■** 


'i'. 


m^^ 


*■(  ■: 


..s-^ 


*^=*^i*: 


■si-isi' 


.'W'.b. 


'^ 


1*'  >\   \\      Mil  I  I    >l.\     1  'i|  I  M  -t  . 


KINrl^'T^^i'Tl.\I^M^()^^'    AND   l'( 


'T      ■?!■.  I.I  iH.c.i'  >■  '  vniri'ii 


)H    AND   KORTII-ICATK 


M  "     I  "  W  (■.  (> . 


Ml    llf :  I     <  in  K'   M. 


Mol  I'.l      Ml.l'. 


i 


I 


r.i.y.uirs  ivf.st  point. 


33 


f)f  LoKi)  I.ANSDDWNE,  expressed  when  gover- 
nor-general, is  worth  ((noting.  'I'hese  are  his 
u  ords : 

"Tlu'io  is  no  Canadian  Inslitiilion  of  wliicli  Can- 
ada should  bo  prouder  or  which  will  do  better  ser- 
vice lo  the  country  and  to  the  empire.  It  forms  an 
interesting  and  distinctive  feature  In  the  military 
system  of  tlie  Dominion.  That  system,  as  I  under- 
stand it,  Is  based  upon  the  rccojj;nition  of  the  fact 
that  Canada  cannot  aliord  in  her  own  interests,  or  in 
those  of  the  empire,  to  disregard  those  precautions 
which  every  civili/ed  community  takes  in  order  to 
ensure  its  (jwn  safety  from  internal  commotion  or 
external  attack.  I'pon  the  other  hand  it  Is  a  system 
entirely  opposed  to  the  establishment  of  a  numerous 
siandini,r  army  or  to  the  withdrawal  of  a  large  body 
of  citizens  from  the  peaceful  pursuits  which  are 
essential  to  the  progress  and  development  of  the 
country. 

'■  That  being  so,  it  is  char  that  in  case  of  a  national 
emergency  the  Dominion  would  have  to  trust  largely 
to  the  spontaneous  ell'orts  of  its  own  people,  to  the 
expansion  of  its  existing  organization,  and  the  rapid 
development  of  the  resources  already  at  our  conunand. 

"  Hut,  gentlemen,  it  is  needless  for  me  to  point 
out  to  you  that  there  is  one  thing  which  it  is  im- 
possible to  produce  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  and 
that  is  a  boily  of  trained  oHicers,  competent  to  take 
charge  of  new  levies  or  to  supervise  operations 
necessary  for  the  defense  of  the  national  territory, 
and  therefore  it  appears  to  me  that  we  cannot  over- 
rale  the  value  of  an  institution  wliic  h  year  bv  vear  Is 


turning  out  men  who  have  received  within  its  wall 
a  soldier's  education  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word 
and  who,  whatever  their  primary  destination,  will,  I 
do  not  doubt,  be  found  available  whenever  their  ser- 
vices arc  required  by  the  country." 

Tiic  cost  of  ethication  at  tlie  Military  Col- 
lege is  not  nnreasonahle.  Each  cadet  is  re- 
([nired  to  deposit  annually  $200  to  cover  the 
cost  of  messing  and  qtiarters,  and  in  addition 
$200  the  first  year  and  $150  each  year  after- 
wards for  uniform,  books  and  instruments. 
The  messman  receives  forty-six  cents  per  day 
for  each  cadet  present.  Extras  are  obtainahle 
at  fixed  pri(  es.  No  (  adet  is  allowed  to  spend 
more  than  $2  jier  month,  non-commissioned 
officers  more  than  $4,  for  extras,  which  they 
l)ay  out  of  their  pocket  money. 

In  addition  to  the  full  course  of  four  years 
and  the  military  course  of  two  years,  ])ro- 
vision  has  been  made  at  the  college  for  officers 
of  the  militia,  who  reipiire  higher  instruction 
than  the  military  schools  afford,  to  take  a 
three  months'  course,  one  class  being  in- 
structed each  year.  15y  this  means  a  number 
of  officers  have  been  enabled  to  ipialify  for 
important  positions  in  the  service. 

Taken  all  in  all,  Canada's  West  Point  has 
been  an  unqualified  success. 


TiiK  view  of  the  grand  old  city  u\  Kingston,  presented  in  photo-gravtire  at  the  beginning 
of  this  article  upon  "Can.ada's  West  Point,"  shows  the  Military  College  buildings  at  left 
<  enter  -the  building  with  so  many  windows  being  the  main  edifice,  and  the  smaller  buildings 
near  by  are  the  gymnasium  and  other  necessary  adjuncts  to  so  large  an  institution,  of  which 
Ontario  may  well  be  proud. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION, 

Historical  and  Otherwise,  with  some  Opinions  of  Travellers. 


/^TUl'.    mutr   fit    the   Si.  i.nurcinr 
T^      licrn  n<itL'(l  lof  tlir  v,irirt\-  anil 


lias    lonu 
licauly  III 

it-.  ^(  riuTx .  I'lu'  travrllfi- 1  oininj;  iij)  tVnin  ilic 
slm,  ^lioulil  ho  turn  asiiK-  to  cxplnri.'  llic  i  lia^in 
ot  the  Sai;ufiia\,  wmuM  ^^itn^■>^;  a  m  ciu-  ut 
j;rainlcur  scarcely  ciinalnl  li\  an\  citlici-  ut  its 
i<iii(l  in  aiiv  part  nt'  the  w.nid.  i'lirllKT  up, 
till'  Rapids  ot  the  St.  I.awfcnco  pffsent  in  suc- 
(e-^iiiii  (li^phiyM)!' majestic  iiowcr  and  volume 
tiiat  command  admiration,  and  on  tinally  reach- 
ini;  the  le\el  (U'  nasiualile  waters  above,  the 
approach  to  the  fii^i  ot"  the  Ciieat  Lake-  leads 
throui;lU  a  lalurintli  of  i-land-,  whiih,  for 
variety  of  -i  enerv  and  quiet  lieaut\,  have 
-ehlom  tailed  to  awaken  the  entlrasia-m  ot  the 
tia\  eller. 

To  this  uroup  o|'  island-,  uitli  their  hi-lori- 
(  al  .i--o(  ialions,  .md  the  impre-sion-  uhii  h 
their  M  enerv  ha-  in-pired,  the  -re. iter  p. in  ot 
this  \  olume  is  devoted. 

in  arr.int;ing  the  in.iteriais  of  ihi-  work,  the 
editor  ha-  lieen  unj^.ii^ed  in  no  -m.dl  de-ree  in 
presenlin:;  the  thou,i;htsof  o'hers  :  leit.  heliex- 
in^j;  th.it  the  enjoyment  of  this  scenerv  would 
he  eidianc  ed  hy  learniiii^  the  mantter  in  which 
it  h,r^  impre-sed  tho-e  who  h,i\e  uilties-ed  it 
in  the  vear-  that  are  pa-t,  he  h.i-  -ou-lit  to 
pre-enl  as  wide  a  rani^e  of  the-e  imine— ions 
a-  opportunities  .lUowed,  yet  not  lailini;  to 
present  iniicli  that  is  ori-inal  ami  never  hetore 
imlilished. 

No  one  will  doiiht  that  jiiace-  .icipiire  exlra- 
ordinarv  interest  when  associ.ited  with  ,:;reat 
events,  or  even  when  linked  with  liie  ideal 
incidents  of  poetrv  and  romance,  in  allusion 
to  tlic  interest  wliiih  these  associations  impart 


to  -o  manv  phu  es  in  tiie  Old  World,  while 
tlure  are  i:oinparatively  few  in  the  Xew,  the 
n.itur,ili-t  Wil-on,  in  whom  were  united  a  keen 
p,r<epiion  of  the  beauties  of  nature  and  a 
h:-hl\  poeti(  temperament,  in  the  opening 
p.iri  oi  lii-  I'Oresters,  says: 

■•  \ri  N.iiuic's  <li.iiins.  tlial  lilnoin  so  lovely  here, 
liihaiUd  .iriivf.  luilu'filccl  di-appeai ; 
Wliilr  tinre.  Iilcik  lieatlis.  and  brooks  of  lialf  a  mile 
(   .m  loii-r  ilie  llioiisand  hards  of  Uril.iin's  Isle, 
riirri'.  -c.iK  e  a  -licaiii   cieeps  down   its  narrow   bed, 
•I'licic.  M Mice  a  liillock  lift-  ils  little  head. 
Or  huiuiili'  liamlct  peeps  their  };lades  anions. 
Hui  live-  and  iiummir>  in  immortal  song. 
Our  wr-iein  world,  witli  .dl  its  mate  liless  tloods, 
Oui  \,i-i  tr.m-parcnt  lakes  ami  boundless  woods, 
Siain|Mcl  wilh  tlir  traits  of   majesty  sublime, 
rnh.inoied  wtep  the  -dent  lap-e  of  time; 
Spirad   tlieii   wild   t;randem    to  ilie  nncoiiscious  -ky, 
In  su-ecle-t  -easons  pa-s  mdieeded   by: 
Willie   -dice  one   Muserctnms   the  son^;   tliey  gave, 
Oi  serks  to  snatch  ihrii  gloti<s  from  the  gravi." 

hi  -oine  of  tiie  prose  descriptions  th;it  tol- 
lo«.  the  rc.ider  will  find  a  poetry  of  sentiment 
,ind  im.iu'cry  of  tho\i;4ht  that  cannot  fail  to 
eiiL^a^e  the  attention.  In  others,  tiiere  are 
ini  ideiit-  :in(l  events  described  that  may  add 
new  iiuerest  to  this  region,  csiiecially  those 
relaiiii'^  to  the  :iccounts  of  travel  in  the  olden 
time,  with  the  hninble  accomodations  and  the 
discomforts  of  the  iieriod,  that  afford  a  strik- 
ing contr:ist  with  the  exact  appointments  and 
the  .imple  luxuries  of  the  jiresent  day. 

I'.AKiv   Indian  HisrouY. 

'•  In    the   be-inning."   so   far  as   iiistory  or 
tradition  extends  bar  k  into  the  iiast,  tliis  region 


.'.■iff 


I 


»» 


-^ 

^-. 


i;/:.\/:h\u.  />/:sc/\//' /'/ox. 


V 


■m 

M 


was  the  bonlcr-laiul  of  the  Algonquin  iind  tlic 
Iroquois, —  the  former  dwcllini;  for  tlie  ino>t 
l)art  to  I  he  nortliward  and  eastward,  while  the 
latter,  at  least  in  the  later  jjeriod.  had  their 
jirincipal  homes  along  the  lakes  and  rivers  cjf 
Central  and  Western  New  Vork. 

The  t'arly  historians  of  Canada  rec  ord  the 
fac  t  that  a  bloody  war  was  going  on  between 
llie  Adirondacks  or  AlgoiKiuins  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  the  Iroquois  or  five  Nation^ 
ot  the  region  now  in<hi(led  in  Central  and 
Western  New  N'ork,  when  the  (oiintry  was 
first  visited  by  the  French.  Champlain  took 
part  in  this  war  on  the  part  of  the  former,  and 
by  the  use  of  fire-arms,  hitherto  unknown  in 
Indian  warfare,  turned  the  tide  of  success  for 
a  time  in  favor  of  his  allies— but  gained 
tiiereby  the  lasting  hatred  of  their  enemies 
towards  the  French.  The  origin  of  this  war- 
fare is  trai  ed  by  tradition  to  a  long  time 
before  the  first  apjiearance  of  the  white  man, 
and  although  not  measured  by  moons  or  sea- 
sons, it  still  appeared  to  be  consistent,  and 
probable, —  and  according  to  the  little  that 
could  be  gathered,  was  as  follows  : 

'i'he  Algoncjuins  and  the  iro(piois  had  lived 
for  a  long  time  in  harmony,  the  former  being 
the  stronger,  and  chielly  sid)si>ting  by  the 
chase,  while  the  latter  were  more  inclined  to 
fishing  and  agricidture.  Now  and  then  the 
youtig  men  of  the  two  ra(  es  woe.ld  go  out  on 
their  limiting  expeditions  together,  but  in 
these  the  superiority  of  the  man  who  killed 
the  game,  over  him  who  skinned  and  dressed 
it,  was  always  insisted  upon,  and  when  the 
l>arty  saw  an  op])ortunity,  it  was  the  business 
of  the  one  to  pursue  and  slay,  and  of  the 
other  to  stand  by  and  see  it  done. 

.\t  one  time,  half  a  do/en  of  each  <  l.iss 
were  out  in  the  winter  on  a  hunting  ex(  iir- 
sion  together.  They  saw  some  elk  uid  iiiinie- 
diately  inirsueil  lliem,  but  the  .\l/onquins, 
presuming  on  their  superiority,  woi.Ul  not 
suffer  the  voung  Iroipiois  to  take  part,  at  ;!'e 
same  time  giving  them  to  understand  that 
they  would  soon  have  business  enough  on 
hand  in  taking  care  of  the  game  t'.iey  were 
about  to  kill.  Three  days  were  spent  in  vain 
pursuit,  for  although  they  saw  there  was  an 


abundance  of  game,  ill-luck  followed  them  at 
e\er\-  ste|). 

.\t  length  the  Iri(pi(jis  offered  tn  go  out 
themsehes,  and  the  former,  nr)l  doubting  but 
that  a  like  failure  would  soon  put  an  end  to 
their  unwelcome  comments  iqion  their  own 
elforts,  const'iited.  The  tide  of  success  lurnetl 
in  their  favor,  and  the  Iroquois  soon  returned 
with  an  abundaiK  e  of  game.  Mfirtified  at 
this  result,  the  jealmN  Algompiins  the  next 
night  killed  all  of  their  successful  rivals  as 
they  lay  sleeping.  The  crime,  although  con- 
cealed and  denied,  was  soon  discovered,  and 
the  lro(pif)is  at  first  made  tlu'ir  complaints 
with  moderation — simply  asking  that  justiie 
should  be  done  to  the  murderers. 

No  attention  was  paid  lo  these  < oinplaints, 
and  the  injured  party  took  justice  into  their 
own  hands,  solemnly  vowing  to  exterminate 
the  haughtv  race  or  jierish  in  the  atlemi)t. 
Long  series  of  retaliatory  inroads  were  from 
this  time  ni.ide  by  each  into  the  territories  of 
the  other,  which  linally  ended  greatly  to  the 
advantage  of  the  Iroipiois,  and  in  the  almost 
total  annihilation  of  their  enemies.  The  St. 
l'ran(  is  Indians  are  a  remnant  of  this  once 
powerful  tribe. 

Ill  \W.\1II  A. 

The  legend  of  Hiawatha  has  been  rt'iulered 
tamiliar  to  most  reailers  of  American  poetrv 
by  the  metrical  version  of  Longfellow,  and  the 
prose  of  Clark.  .Schooh  raft  and  others,  and 
much  controversy  has  been  had  with  respect 
to  the  author  of  the  legend  as  it  first  appeared 
in  Fnglish.  We  accept,  as  fully  reliable,  the 
statement  made  by  the  late  Hon.  ].  V.  H. 
Clark,  of  Manlius.  author  of  the  History  of 
Onondaga  County,  in  a  letter  to  the  New 
Vork  Tribune,  in  January,  1856,  in  which  th.c 
claims  of  various  writers  and  the  dates  of 
their  |iublications  are  preciselv  stated. 

The  legend  relates  to  the  origin  of  the 
I.e.igue  of  the  Inxpiois,  at  a  time  which  no 
record  lixes  by  date,  and  no  circumstance 
acceptable  to  the  historian  would  lead  him  to 
locate  otherwise  th.m  somewhere  in  that 
period  clouded  in  the  uncertainties  of  the 
torgotten  past.     We  cannot  present  its  begin- 


1 1. 

'if 


i 


3S 


./  .s('/  ;/  \7A'  ('/    /■///•:  s/.  /.,/// A'/.\( 7    h-n  IK. 


Minti,  uliidi  UM-,  in  lliw  ir,nioi,.in..re.ipi.in|)ri  .pirmMlii v  nl   lus  .Ikm.mUt.  .mmI  llir  (il).ic.t  nl 

au.lv    ih.u,    111    ihr    ..ii-m.il    Imuua-c    nl    Mr.  l.i.  ini-iMii.      Ilr  uuiUmI   ilin,',  In  .iitund   liiiii 

(•li|.|^.  in  ins  iM->ai;r  up  I  lir  river,  .mil  tlK'\  wilnosnl 

•.|1uim1i..U  oi   vc.u.   ,,...,  l.i.n„ii,v..-w,.ilu.  111.-  ni.iny   ihin-^  ulmli   .-nMl.!   nnlv  lu-  ,„  ,  ntintcl 

Deity  u-li.>  I'loitlis  ovn  Ii-1hiu'-  aihl  i.11. Mills,  .■.uiii-  I., I    ,i>    liillM.  Ir-,    nr    |,r    (IcMrilir.l    lull     in    llir 

ilowii  fioni  liis  livvclliii-   |.l,ur  in  ilir  .  l.uids  i.i  vi-ii  u.iiiilrl-^nl    liidi.iii  liivl'mlni^v.       I  Ic  a^i  riuK'd 

ihi-  iuli.il>ii.iiiis  (il  ilu-  c.nili.     Ill'  h.iil    I'l  rii  (Icpiiir.!  ^^^  ||^^.  |^,^,^,,.  1,,|,,.,,  plain!  all  lliillL;->  in  pinprr 

1'^   II"    '■"■•"    ■""'    '' '    ^l'""'   "■'■"'  '"■-"■  '"    "'^"  ,„,lrl-  tnr  liK'  rnininll    ami   MlM.  ll.l'n.  r  nl    lliaiK 

-iif.iiii-- .ml  '  liMi  ill'' I  li.iiiiiiN  liMiii  ,ill  .ili-ti  uclh'ii^,  11,. 

,      ,.  ,      ,  ,  ,  l.ui'lU    t  inn     inu    In  CM  lU.ltr  (  nlll   .mil   lirails, 

1.1  Tc  k  .nil  llir  -.).>.l    llimy~  III    llii    i-iniiiln     ilinni-h  i.m.,iii 

„h„|,  1„.  MU.iiilr.l   h.p.iss,  ilui   ,1,1  ^    i,nululH„ii.,r  wlmli    ll,,il  iinl    liclniv    In'Oll    -mwu    by    Hum, 

-,nici.,llv    .iissii„,,i.,li-',l    a, 11. ill-    .il!    tin    ;,'onii    iniipk'  ni.ulc  llu'   ll-llin-    :.;rnilliil    t'nr,  .111(1  nprnril    In 
of   llic    r,!,,!,     ~i-S|ni  i.illv    1.1    I'.Miil    mil    lo    llii-'lil  llii'         |]]     (l^,     uninUM-lllpli'il    plll^llil    nl     ^.IIIU'.        llr 

niiis,  .Millrnl  li-lii,l-:^imiii.l~,  .m.l    |..  In-lmv  iiih.ii  ,1,,,  ,.,|„|,,,,1    ,,liinliu    lil.inkiml    1  llr  I'ruil  ^  nl     llu' 

lliriii  mini  .111  ri'l.iMc    :iifl-        Al.mil    Ihi-    nine,  uvii  '    I      ,11      1     i ,  n,  1 1,  ,iis  t  rnm    llif 

,  .,  Ill  (Milli.  .Mill   i.iii.iMil    all  ii|i>ii  m  linn-'  I  mill    ine 

vmiii"  111 f    llir  I  liimiil.i-.i    N.ilimi  were    Ii-lli'S-U  ,,  ,  i        -.i      i- 

,.i.in,    ..w,    ,l,e.,,l„,    MneuMlii.ul    llie    Lake.. I    a  naNi^alilc    Miv.iinv        l.cui^    pl.aMal    Ullh    111. 

l|i.,„s.,n,|    M,.,      Dnim-  til.  11  1.  v<  11.    lli.v  .■S'"-.l-  Ml,  i  i,  >-,  lie  .i-uiiiml    I  lif  <  li.ir.u  IlT  .iml    IniliUs 

;is    llu  V    tlnni-lH,   l.ii   in  the    .1  i-l.nn  e,  .i    ~i,i'.;le    ul,i,e  ,,,     ,   mm,  .1  Hi  I   lai  ei  Vml  tile  n  aill.'    1  1  i  ■  ,1- w  .it -ha. 


( -i^nit's  in^  "  \ .  1  s  «is''  111. m. "I  and  li\eil  his 
ir-iilmii  L'  nil  the  li.Miitilul  sliniJ>  nl  Cm-,- 
i.ikr.       Atl.r    .1    lime.    llu'    iniiiiirv    heiMmc 


spirk.  he,m,,lnll\-  il.iinin-  <.vei  llie  Ini^lil  li!,,i 
w.ileis.  ,1,1.1  while  lliey  w.il.hr.l  llie  ..hie.  I  with  ill. 
ni.ist  i,,ieiis.  .ni\iet\,  il  -ee,,ii  I  In  nn  ie.,-i  in  ni.iu 
niln.le    .111.1  inovel  .1-  it  .i|'in..a.  Iim-  ihe  |.l.,i-.    win  II 

,|„.v    weu u-.ale.l,    nn.-l    .iilxi.nislN     awailm;;    ill.'        alani.cl    li\    .1  Im-Ulo    inva-inli.  \v,un   lie  called 

event  III  the  MMtali.. 11  I.I  -. .  M  n- nl.,,  an  ohie.  1  -  L.i  ,,  ,  .  nilli  1 1  i  .1  .ill  the  1  rihes  llnm  the  e.isl  .ind 
at  ihi-.  t,,i,e  llu  I  .in..es  li.nl  t've,  inaile  tin  ir  .i|.|.i-,ii-  ,||^,  ^^j.^|_  ,||,,1  j,,  a  lunu:  haiMn,i;ue  ,iri;ed  ilpnli 
.nne    Ml    111.'    iliii.timi    win  n.a     llii-    w.i-    .ipin. ....  h-        ,  I,,.,,,   ||,^.  niipditam  e  nl    iinil  in-   1  hem-clve-    ill 

"'^'-     -^^   "-"''i'""   —';'"■  ^'•■'"-  "   I""-;'   '"  ,,  |,,„„,  ,,.,  ,h,irc,nn,nnn.lerensean.l  niuli.al 

-e, III. Ian.  e    t.>    he    a  viiieial.l.'    hrnkm^    in.m.  i  .,liiil\  -                       ,           ,    ,.,                ,                 i  ■         i 

-eale.l  ,11  a  i  an„e  i,l    |mie  while,  m  ,v  en,n.n-h   .  ..„-  happine--.        1  llev  del  ll  lelMtei  1  upnl.  llW.idMce, 

slniele.l  ,,inl   iiin.hiiime   i ,,i,;i„im,sl v    w,.i„ul,i    ili.m  .iiiil    ihe    next    il.iv    .idnpled    and    r.illlied    llic 

llinse  111  ii-ii    .eimiiLi  the  tiihe-.  I.I    the  i  iiiiiil  i  \  .       Like  |.elL;Me     nl      rillnll     W  llii  h     he     1  ei  nlllineildcd, 

.1  I  yyiiei  ii|.i.ii  the  wiile  hill,   -ea, -I. --.It  llie  laii...'  ill  ^^  I,\curuii'^   .^aw   l.nv    In   ihe   Spartans,  anil 

'■ m-y.i-w.M  ha  Ili.m,  Ihe  L,.k.'.ilaTI„.ii.aniMsl.s,  ^^^  ,„.'    ,,,,,,",    ,„"  1,„|  lUnlU    nl.MMM-    il-    prei  ept-, 

■'    \-  .1  iMii  1.1,1111  I,  il,,fl- l.iw.inis  ihi   1 11-hiiii;  iMl.i-  i    .i  i 

,     ,        ,.  ,,,  ,   ,:,,ii„,,  tiiiti,  hi-  letiini  Imm  a    i nev,  ,ind   ilieiiik- 

1.1.1    -.,  emii-eil    the   while  eaiioe  iivi'r    the    ii|iiilini:  • 

w.mi-;.  |.i..:.elh.l  l.v   iheMimmarni.if  111.    -..I  ..f  Ihe        p.llle.l     tn     felMlll     11.)     in.ite,    -,n     1  I  l-.l-W.tt- ha 
ilvei.      I)i  I  |i  llimi-lil    -.11  mi    iln     hi.iw   ul    the    lii.m 
lie.iile.l    iii.iiiini:    pi  nelr.il i.iii    in. ilk.  .I    hi-  cm  ,    .iinl 


iliep.  .I.uk  n,v-te,\   [iciv.i.le.l  In-  .  .niiiti  n.mee      Willi 

,1  siniile  i>ar   he   -ileiitlv   pad.ll.  .1    hi-   h.^lil  trmimeil  "     '  ,  ,     , 

•     V  ..  Ill  inner,  and  llni-  .iililte--e.l  tinaii 


h.iikahniu  the  -h.jii,  as  if  -eekiiin  a  e.imiii.nlimi 
h,i\eii.if  lest.  Ill'  S.I. .11  null.'. I  ihe  pinw  of  hi- 
ll.ejile  ves-il  int..  llie  i-tn.iiAiif  the  '  ilmihle  rini ,' 
a,,.  I  111., 'I.'  t.i-t  1.)  ill.   w.'-iein  -inn.  .      II. ■  iii.ii.'-li.  .ill\ 


haxin-  lirniii;hl  ihe   .  .Mineil    1.)  ,i  cln-e,  and  ,t- 
ihe   ,1— .'iill.l.'ii    niiie-wer.'    ,ll.niil    lo   -ep,if.ite 

in    iheir    remin    liuiii.'.   .irn-e    in    ,i   dij4nitieil 

11 

■'  Liieml-  an. I  Hinlhei-  :  I  li.ive  imw  fnllilh'il  illv 
nii--imi  ii|.mi  e.iilli  .  1  li.ive  ilmn  eveiylliiiiy  which 
.  ,111   he   a.iii.'   ,it    pre-eiil    Im    the  u....il    "f   this  f^tcMl 


,i-ccn.l.-.l   th.'    snip   h.tiik.  iim    -i.ipj.iil    till    h.'    ha, I        |,e.,ple.      ,\ue,  inliriiiilv  .iinl  .li-lie—  -it   heavilv  iipmi 


•^.liiieil     llie    l.ifli.'-t     siiiiiinil    lit     llie      wi-leiii     hill. 


|)iiiiii-    inv   -limn  II    annniu.    v. in     I     h.ive    re- 


11, en    -ilenllv   j,'a/.iim   armiiul   .i-    li    n.   .  \aniine    the  ninv .  .1  all  nh-l  i  in  limi-  tnnii  yoiu  streams.      Canoes 

.•,,ii,,lM,    he    hi  r, line   eiicli.iiitcl    with    tin     view,  an.l  ,-in  imw  p.is-  i  \  ei  vwlni  i  .      I    havL'   eiveii   ymi   ,l;iioiI 

llr, iwin-  his  stately  I'Driii  1. 1  its  iiliiio-t  Ini^lit.  In'  CN  lishii,;;    w, iters    .in.l    i^.m.l    hnnliii^'   irimin.l-;    I    hav.' 

L-laini.il    ill  ai  I  eiits  111    the    wildest    eiilliii-i,i-ni.  l  >-li  i,,,,^hl    \ini    Imw    M    .nlnv.ile    emu    ,ml    In, ins.    and 

wah-k.  .',  i>-li  w.ih-k.  I'."  have  h'.n  ii",l    \milheail    .M    iii.ikiiij;   e.ihiii-.      NLiiiv 

mliei  l,lessii,L:s  I    h.ivi    liheiallv  bestowed  upmi  ymi. 

llv      ipprn.l.h.al      Ihe     twn     vniili-     hlinleis,  .,  ,  .,„|^.    i  ,,, ,,,  ,„,w  assi-fd  you  lo  form  an  ever- 

•j^iineil     lluMf    (  niiridence,    and    h.i\  illi;    dr.tutl  Pi^ij,,^  l,..ii.,ie  ,in.|  .  nveiMiil  nt  stiemjili   and   fiieiid- 

Il,,ni   thein  . I  knnw  led;j;e  nf    the  diriicillties  nn-  sliip.  fm  ymir  Iniiin   -.il.  l\  .nnl   pim.'.li..n.      If  vmi 

def  wlll.h  tiiey  l.ihnlcd,  dl-,  In-ed  t.)  tliein  the  presuive  it  withmit   th.-   admis-imi   of  other  people, 


"i 


<i- 


'mm 

mmWm 

^  i^;i^"'"'rv.  ••■:,■: 


■I 


ov-.AV.A'.  /  /.  />/:s(  Rir  I  low 


4' 


:a 


you  will  .ilways  lu'  fjcc,  iiiiiin  nms  ami  iiiinhtv-  If 
uilici  iiallims  aif  atlmiUril  in  yoiii  ((iimcils,  iIk'V 
will  sow  jciloiisjfs  aiuciiii;  xoii.aiiil  v<iii  will  Imcdiiic 
(■nslavt'ii,  few  ami  fiiblc.  Kcmciubii  lliesc  words  : 
liny  arc  llit-  last  yoii  will  licar  from  iliu  li|is  of  lli-a- 
wal-lia.  I.i-lcii,  my  fiiciicN  ;  ihc  (iical  Ma^Mr-of- 
Urcatli  calls  nil' 111  K"-  1  have  |ialii'iith  uaiiiil  lii-- 
siiiiimoiis.      I  am  ready  :    Farewell." 

As  lllf  wisi-  111, til  (  kist'll  lli^  >ln.'erli,  tlu'l'i- 
imrsl  upcin  the  cars  of  tiic  .issrinliled  iniilii- 
liiilc  llie  clu'crfiil  sounds  ol'  tlu'  ino^t  (UliL;ht- 
fiil  siii;j,in)4  voices.  'I'lie  wliolc  skv  sciiiicd 
fillrd  with  llio  swt.'i'U'st  inolodv  of  (  cli'sli.il 
music;  and  heaven's  iiiL;h  arch  ei  hoeil  and  re- 
eclioed  liie  toucliini;  strains  till  the  whole  vast 
.isseiniily  was  coiii|ih-tely  absorbed  in  rajitiirotis 
e(  stacy.  .\inidst  the  neiieral  confusion  which 
now  |irevailed,  and  while  all  eves  were  liirned 
towards  t!ie  etheria!  regions,  lli-a-\vat-ha  was 
seen  inajestii  ally  seated  in  his  <:anoe,  grace- 
fully rising  higher  and  higher  abo\e  their 
heads  tiitougli  the  ,iir  until  he  became  entirely 
lost  from  the  view  of  the  assembled  throng, 
who  witnessed  his  wonderful  ascent  in  mute 
and  admiring  astonishment  —  while  the  fasci- 
nating music  gr.idually  became  more  plaintive 
and  low,  .md  finally  sweetly  expired  in  the 
softest  tones  upon  their  ears.  a->  the  wise  man 
Ili-a-wat-ha,  the  godlike  'ra-oiin-va-wat-ha, 
retired  from  their  sight,  as  mysterioiislv  as  he 
first  appeared  from  The  Lake  of  a 'I'housand 
Isles,  and  ipiietly  entered  the  regions  inhabited 
only  by  the  favorites  of  the  great  ,iiul  good 
spirit  Ila-wah-ne-u. 

In  the  legend,  as  rendered  bv  Longfellow, 
no  allusion  to  this  region  is  spccificallv  made, 
and  the  scene  of  events  is  located  in  the  west, 
on  the  south  shore  of  I. .ike  .'^iiperiiu',  in  the 
region  beyond  the  I'icturetl  Rocks  ,ind  the 
(Irand  Sable. 

Cki.  \ric)\  oi-    riir:    Inui  \n    K.mk. 

Among  the  traditions  of  various  Indi.in 
tribes  we  find  ,i  legend  of  their  creation, 
which,  although  differing  more  or  less  in  de- 
tails, agrees  in  ascribing  their  origin  to  a  peo- 
ple who  came  out  of  the  ground.  Of  this 
mythological  belief  we  have  an  interesting  ex- 
ample  in   this   part  of  the  world,  as   given  by 


M.  I'oiK  het,  a  JMeni  h  writi-rot  .11  knowledged 
merit,  u  ho  re(  orded  wh.it  he  saw  and  heard. 
This  writer  w.is  an  oflii  er  in  the  French  ser- 
vice, .111  d  (  I  nil  mantled  I'Ort  l,e\  is,  on  the  ( )r,i(  o- 
nenton  I^le,  a  short  distam  e  below  (  )gdens- 
burg,  when  this  last  stronghold  of  the  JMench 
was  ciptiired  bv  l.ord  .Amhinst  in  ij'io. 

He  subseipiriith  prepared  .1  histor\-  of  the 
e\ents  in  whii  li  he  h,nl  himself  borne  an  im- 
port,mt  part,  which  w.is  published  some  yea:s 
after  his  de.ith,  and  in  this  he  gives  nuK  h  in- 
lorniation  concerning  the  Indians  who  then 
inh.ibited  this  region.  In  desciibing  the  shores 
of  I. .ike  (  )nl,irio,  he  speaks  of  a  great  arc  of 
s.iiul  hills  along  the  e.istern  end  of  the  lake, 
behind  which  are  m,irshy  meadows,  through 
wliii  h  the  ri\ers  wind.  This  des(  rijition  I'learly 
identifies  these  streams  with  those  now  known 
.IS  the  N'orth  and  South  liram  lies  of  Sandy 
Creek,  in  the  town  of  I'.llisbiirgh,  Jefferson 
coiinly,  which  unite  just  .ibo\  e  tlu'  jioint  where 
they  enter. the  lake.  They  are  remarkable  in 
this,  that  at  the  head  of  the  Sinith  Hranch  is 
the  jikice  where  the  tradiiiiuis  of  the  Iro(]Uois 
li\  the  s[M)t  "where  they  issued  from  the 
ground,  or  r.ither,  according  to  their  tradi- 
tions, where  they  were  born." 

Tk  \ii,s   Of    Indi.w    Ri^i  uKii>   ii\    iiiK  St. 

I-AU  UKNl  I.. 

Opjiosite  the  village  of  Oak  I'uint,  in  l'"lixa- 
beth  Township,  Canada,  there  e.v.sted  in  1X50, 
and  ])erhaps  does  still,  a  rude  representation 
of  a  canoe  with  thirty-five  men,  and  near  it  a 
cross.  On  the  rocks  below  Rockville  there 
were  two  similar  paintings,  each  being  a  canoe 
with  six  men.  A  deer  rudely  jiainted  on  the 
rocks  wis  found  on  the  shore  of  lihu  k  Lake, 
a  lew  miles  inl.md  from  Morristown,  and 
doubtless  other  rude  sketches  of  the  kind  may 
be  loiind.  These  are  probably  of  compara- 
livelv  modern  origin,  or  at  most  not  earlier 
than  the  time  of  European  settlement.  They 
may  have  been  significant  of  some  event 
at  the  time  when  made,  but  whatever  the 
objects  may  h,i\e  been,  they  have  passed  into 
obbAion  with  the  memory  of  those  who  made 
them. 


4-' 


./   .scr/VWA'   "/     ////    >/.   /.///A'AACA    /<nhh'. 


I 


l)l 


I'.MI  111  MmN-    ()!■      l)i      ( ■ini;i  I  M.I       \ 

In  tlir  |Miirr>  ii'l.itinn  In  l)i-  ( ■(iiin  rlK'  ^aiicl 
I  )i' 'I'r.K  \ 's  lAiK'iliiKin^  a^.iiiist  tlii'  Moli.iwk 
liidi.iiis  (i()()5-(i),  in  (lex  rilling  tiif  icpiilc^ 
li'.ulin;^  into  ilu'  licii|ii()is  (oimtry,  tlii'  naviu.i- 
lioii  lit'  llu'  St.  I.aurriu'i'  i--  iiuntimu'd  as  I'x- 
irL'(lin;;l\  diltii  uli  nniil  tlir  ripiij-.  arc  passril. 

'•  Hilt  will  11  III!  iiiiiiiili  nf  till'  (Util  l.;ike  is 
iiMilu'il,  iIk'  ii.iviji.iiion  is  uasy,  wliiii  (lie  watt  rs  aif 
iramiiiil,  lucmiiiii;,'  iiisiiiMlily  wider  at  liist,  lliiii 
aJMiiii  iwo.iliinls,  iicNt  oiu'-lialf.  .iiu!  Iiiiallv  nut  nf 
siylil  ul  laiiil;  cs|.ccl.illv  afln  niii-  li.i^  |.a--i  cl  an 
inliiiilv  i>(  litili'  islaihU  whicii  .iir  ai  llu  riiiiaiHi'  nf 
till'  laki-  111  -111  li  j^HMi  iiiiiiiImi'..  and  in  --n.  Ii  a 
vaiii'lv,  llial  llic  imi-l  cxiPtiiriicc'd  lioi|iii)is  pilnls 
soimliiiu's  In-c  llifiiisi'lv.s  tlirir.  and  liavr  cimsid- 
n.dilr  ilillli  illlv  111  dislin;;iii'-liiiii,'  llif  i  nursi.-  In  lie 
vliTii-d  in  llu-  i.-niihi-inM.  aiv'.  as  it  wi-w.  in  llic  lahv- 
nnlli  fnniicd  In  ihc  islam. s.  Snnir  nf  tlirsr  aio 
onlv  lumr  locks  risin;;  nni  nf  ilir  walci,  i  n\LTcd 
nicrt'lv  liv  iiiDss  or  a  few  sjuii'r  nr  ntliii  siniilid 
W I.     wllnsc     innis     splill^     ll.MIl    till-     ■Irfts    ,if    ||ie 

in<:ks  whii  li  cm  snppiy  nn  niln  i  aliinml  ni  nmisi 
nil'  to  tlii-sf  Ij.irifii  trfcs  tli.ai  uli.ii  ilif  rains  fmnish 
till  III.  .\lti.T  Icaviiifi  this  .diodr  tin-  l.iki-  is  disrov- 
lied,  .ipi'i'.ii  iiiji  liki'  mil  p  a  sea  willioiit  islands  or 
linnnds,  wlii-H-  liaiUsand  ships  i.an  sail  in  all  safely 
sn  tlial  llir  cnninuiiiii  alinns  would  lie  easy  lielweeii 
all  llu  I'leiu  li  I  nioiiies  ili.il  ennid  lie  esl.ililislieil  on 
llie  liordeis  of  this  j;ieat  laUewliiih  is  niore  lli.m  a 
liundied  Ir.e^ues  loiii;.  Iiy  lliiily  oi  fnny  wide." 

I-  Kl  Mil     M|s-|(iN.\l;IKs. 

.Xnioni;  the  |iioneeis  of  clisrcivcr\  une  tlu- 
missionaries  who  wore  sent  out  to  ;.;ain  the 
friendsliip  .ind  secure  ihc  i  onversion  id  the 
Indian  trihes  of  the  interior.  'I'liese  /calons 
men  anowcd  no  ohstai  h's  or  dan-crs  to  inter- 
riiiH  their  elVorls  or  damiien  their  archir,  but 
with  an  eneruy  and  |ierse\  erance  that  cannot 
fail  to  excite  our  .idmir.ition,  they  iPiirsued 
their  way  to  the  remotest  parts  of  the  interior, 
wliere  some  liwd  many  years  atnotui  tlie  sav- 
ages amid  all  the  [iriv  .ilions  nf  awihlerness, 
and  otliers  were  murdered,  or  iniserahly  ])er- 
islied  in  the  solitudes  of  the  forest.  We  can 
here  mention  hut  a  few  of  these  iiioneers  and 
discoverers: 

Fran(;()is  de  Salii^nac  de  I''enelon,  half 
brother  nf  the  illustrious  ireni  h  writer,  the 
Arcliliishop   of  ( 'ainhray,  i  ame   lo   Canada  in 


i(pf>7,  and   was  for  some  lime  cngaj^ed   in  llie 
Indian  missions  at  Toronto  .-ind  elsewhere. 

'rile  .\l)lie  I''enelon  accoiniMiiied  the  ('oiinl 
ill-  Irunteii.H    111  Lake  Ontario  in  167,^. 

I.oiiis  lleiineiiin,  ,1  l''ranciscan.  came  to 
t'.mada  in  ift;,,  and  wis  stationed  the  iie\t 
year  ,U  I'lonteiiac,  Kinnsloti.  He  was  .iflir- 
wardssent  by  I  .a  .'^.tlle  to  explore  the  country, 
.ind  w.is  the  first  European  who  saw  the  Mis- 
sissi|i|ii  river.  Ill  I'll);  he  piililished  an  ac- 
1  oitnt  of  remote  regions  lluit  he  jiretended  lo 
h,i\e  \isited,  bill  whii  h  is  imw  regarded  in 
p.irt  al  le.ist  ,is  a  tiction.  IvilhiT  Marquette 
.ilso  m.ide  ixtensive  jouriuys  in  the  west,  and 
died  at  Mackinaw,  \l.i\  14,  i''7S.  Menard. 
.Mloiie/  .ind  many  others  passed  this  w.iy  on 
their  iounieys  to  disiant  points,  but  these  men 
weie,  ,1s  ,1  rule,  little  give-n  to  romantic 
(ii'scriptiotis,  .ind  their  "  relations  "  pert. tin 
mote  to  the  piii|ier  obiect  of  their  missions, 
th.m  to  the  si  ener)'  tluit  they  passed. 

{•'ather  l'',mm,iniiei  Crespel,  in  a  little  work 
published  in  1  74J,  describes  some  im  idents  of 
.1  journey  into  the  liuli.in  country  on  the 
Tpjier  Lakes.  lie  was  fifteen  days  going 
from  ,\Ioiitre,il  to  l''ronten.ic,  and  w.is  there 
dc  (.lined  some  time  in  w.iiling  for  a  vi'ssel  to 
Ni.ig.ir.i.  This  w.is  of  about  eighty  tons  bur- 
then, and  .ipp.ireiitiv  the  only  one  then  on  the 
lake.  The  p.iss.ige  w.is  made  in  less  than 
thirty-six  hours.  The  lake  was  very  c.ilm 
.mil  he  sounded  wiili  ,1  line  of  a  hundred 
f.ithoms  without  finding  bottom. 

On  his  return  lie  remained  two  years  al 
I'Vontenac,  w  hen  he  was  recalled  to  Montreal, 
•ind  sodti  .ifierw.irds  w.is  sent  to  I, a  I'oiiUe  de 
la  Cheveiure  on  the  east  side  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  in  the  present  State  of  Vermont,  and 
ojiposite  the  French  post  at  ('rown  Point. 

\'\H~-V  .Mil  11  AKV  I'.sl  AllI  islLMl-.N  I    Ul'oN   I.NKK 

(  )n  1  akio — I'oK  r  Fki).\  riNAi'. — ( i^>7,v) 

In  order  to  protect  the  French  interests,  the 
OjuiU  de  Frontenac  resolved  to  establish  .1 
military  post  at  the  oiiilel  of  the  Lake,  and 
with  the  view  of  impressing  the  natives  with 
the  power  of  the  French,  he  resolved  to  take 
two  llat  bortomed  canoes  up  the  rajjids,  and 
even  to  mount   them   with  (  annon,  to  insjiirc 


ai.M  h\U.   J'l.SCKJfJ h>.\. 


43 


tlicin  witli  .ivvo  Till'  Iioals  wire  hiiilt  .il'tcr  .1 
|i.irtu  iiLii  iiiuilrl,  ii.iinlrd  uiiliki.'  ;iii\  lliinn  uviT 
sctii  hitorc.  and  wore  i.M(  li  m.miud  l)\  sixuh'M 
men.  Willi  tliesi.' .mil  alidiil  diu'  liurulicd  and 
twenly  hark  <  anots  lie  It'll  Mdnlr'jal  011  tlic 
\M\\  of  June,  and  in  aJKiiil  liner  weeks  re.u  lied 
ilie  iie^inninj;  of  snioolli-w.iter  nav'j^alion. 
Hearing  tli.it  tlie  Indians  had  asseinliled  in 
j^reat  nuniliers,  and  were  uneasy  alioiil  the  oli- 
jeet  of  liis  exiieditiiin.  he  resolved  In  proi  eed 
with  caution,  in  one  body,  and  in  closer  colinnn 
than  hefor^'  'I'lie  weather  w, is  so  serene,  and 
the  n.ivij^ation  so  smooth,  thai  the\  iiiadt'  more 
than  ten  leanues  t!ie  I'irsi  d.iy,  .ind  weni  into 
caiii|i  at  a  cove  alioiit  a  lea;;iie  and  a  half  from 
( Ireiiadii-r  Island,  where  the  eel-lishiiii^  begins. 
In  his  journal  he  says: 

•'  \Vc  Ii.kI  llie  plcasinc-  mi  ilie  way  In  calcli  a  sm.ill 
lii<)ii.  .1  liiul  al)i)iit  as  lai^e  .is  .1  |°iir(>|>raii  ( )iilar(U'. 
Ill  Ihu  iridsi  beatillfiil  pliiiiia^'i'.  I'lit  very  (iillji'iill  In 
lie  caii^hl  alive,  as  li  dives  iniisianily  iiiiilei,  so  dial 
il  is  110  sni.dl  i.irily  lo  \>v  able  10  l.ikr  i>iic.  \  c.ij;i' 
was  iiiadi;  for  II,  and  orders  wiic  given  lii  iiidcivor 
lo  raise  it,  in  older  lo  send  it  lo  llic  Kinu.  Oiillie 
Mill  lof  Inlyl.  lilt'  we.iilu'i  I'oiuiiuiin^  line.  .1  good 
d.iy  s  journey  was  made,  having  passed  all  ilial  vast 
group  of  islands  wiili  uhirli  the  rivei  is  sp.mglcd. 
and  camped  at  a  poini  .iliove  llie  1  iver  e.illed  liana 
iioiliie,  up  wliiili  nianv  of  ilinii  go  liuiiling.  Il  lias  a 
very  consideralilc  channel.  I'wo  more  loons  were 
laiiglit  alive,  and  a  kind  of  di  rr,  tiul  llu-  head  and 
anileis  .ue  handsonu't  ih.in  Ihc  deei  of  I'raiiec." 

The  narraii\e  continues  with  .in  .hi mint  of 
the  regal  manner  with  which  the  Count  de 
Froiiteiiac  entered  the  lake,  and  the  inter- 
views he  li.ul  with  the  Indi.ins.  In  short, 
nothing  which  iioiii|i  .md  ceremony — the 
waving  of  li.mners,  in.irti.il  music,  and  the  dis- 
charge of  cannon  <c)uld  do,  was  omitted,  to 
impress  the  wondering  natives  with  .111  o\er- 
whelming  idea  of  the  oiiini])otence  of  the 
I'rench.  'l"he  s|ieeches  and  proceedings  of 
the  occasion  are  all  found  fully  recorded. 
The  outline  of  a  fort  w.is  at  once  tr.iced  out. 
and  its  construction  commenced.  Ueginning 
work  liy  daylight  on  the  14th,  the  ground  was 
cleared  before  night.  The  Indians  were  as- 
tonished to  see  the  large  clearance  inade  in  a 
day— some  sipiaring  timber  in  one  pi. ice  ; 
others    fetching   pickets;  and  others    cutting 


trenches,   all  ,it  the   same  time,  ,iiid  with    the 
:;reatest  disp.itcii  .ind  order. 

I',\ri  hii  II  IN  I  M    I  )i    I ,  \  I;  \  i;i.i  .     ( ifiS  |.) 

lie  I., I  I'Liiie,  (iii^eliior  ol  C.inad.i  lioiii 
MiSj  lo  1I1S5.  h.id  dlslingiiished  hiiiisell  in 
the  West  Indies,  where  he  h.id  taken  Antigua 
and  Moniser.ii  fmni  ihe  Knglish.  In  i'iS.|. 
he  rep.iired  to  I'nri  Irnnlenac,  and  orderiMl 
three  \essels  u  Inch  the  I' relK  h  had  built  upnii 
the  l.iki-  III  lie  lep.iired,  with  the  ilcsign  of 
crossing  to  the  country  of  the  Iroipiois,  ,iii<l 
frightening  li.e  |ieople  into  his  nun  lernis  nl 
jieace.  I  lis  .irniy  (niisisted  ot  600  soldiiMs. 
(oo  Indians,  and  |oo  men  for  <  arrying  pro- 
\isiiins,  lu'sides  500  men  left  in  the  fori. 

The  (;o\ernor  tarried  si\  weeks  at  l''ronte- 
nac,  his  eiicimpment  being  ne.ir  a  pesiilenli.il 
m.irsli,  c.iiising  so  greal  sickness  ,11  id  morl.ilit) 
that  he  found  himself  unable  to  ,11  (  oiii]disli 
his  obji'i  1  b\  fiirie  of  .irnis,  lie  ,ici  ordingly 
resolved  to  effect  uli.it  he  could  b\'  ireal)', 
ami  lia.ving  v.iiiiK  hoped  lo  obtain  the  co- 
opeialion  cd'  (lov.  Unngan,  he  sent  agenls  to 
invite  the  li\e  N.iiions  lo  .1  coum  il.  The 
( 'io\erniir  of  New  \'ork.  .ilthongh  in  svin[i,illi\' 
with  the  religious  inlhiences  so  actively  eni- 
|)loyed  by  tlie  P'reiich,  did  not  I'onsent  to  any 
lonciirreme,  but  secretiv  put  e\  i^rx  (ibstai  le 
in  the  way;  and  in  this  he  so  f.ir  siicceetled. 
til. It  the  MoJKiwks  and  Seni-cas  remained  at 
home.  The  other  tribes,  who  were  more  un- 
der the  inlluence  of  the  l''ren<  h  missionaries, 
sent  represent. ilives  lo  meet  him.  consisting 
of  t  l.ir.ingiil.i  and  thirty  u.irriors.  The  place 
of  meeting  w.is  at  the  mouth  ef  Salmon  river, 
.11  the  eastern  end  of  I,, ike  (  )ntario,  about 
lorty  miles  from  ( )noiulag.i  castle. 

After  remaining  two  days  in  the  l-'rench 
I  .imp,  the  ("loxernor  proceeiled  to  address  the 
Indi.ins.  a  circle  being  formed  by  the  French 
otiticers  on  one  side,  and  (iarangula  and  his 
w.irriors  on  the  other. 

We  have  not  space  to  print  the  speeches 
made  upon  e.ich  side  bv  the  "high  contrait- 
ing  parties,"  but  I  )e  l.i  Marre  entirely  failed 
in  plac.iling  or  over.iwing  the  Indians,  who 
bee, line  insolent,  and  at  last  openly  defied  that 
oflicer,  who  was  soon  compelled  to  retreat,  and 


44 


./  surr/wvu  "/'  I'lii    >/'  /..iii'/</\c/:  av/v-.a*. 


lii--  (  oiniii.ind  IT. u  lied  1' lontcli.'.c  ( l\iiiL;^liiii) 
,il  last  nun  li  (K'iiiiii\ili/cil.  'I'hc  r\|n'ililii>n 
was  s(i  iniu  li  III'  a  I'ailurc  a^  in  lie  alnidsi  sliu;- 
inali/cil  a>  iniriilr. 

I'',\ri'in  rii>\  Ml    I  »K   N'owiM.K. — (i(iS5.') 

In  I'l'^s^,  tlif  Mari|uis  I  )<■  Notuillc  mailf  an 

c\iH(lilii  m  inti)  tin'  ('icnrscr  (onntrs,  liiil    Kit 

no  rc((iiil  III'  liii  al  inti-rcsi  coni  cinin;^  llir 
islands. 

'I'lIK     .\VI   Nl.lNi;      iNkiiMi     III        IIIK      IkiiiMiil^ 

i'ro\    riir.    Fni  \i  n — (i6SS. ) 

IviiK'  in  |iil\,  Ki.SS,  an  ail  nl  luifnly  mi 
llir  |iait  III  iIk'  Fti.'m  h  liroiiuhl  dnwii  ii|ii>ii 
llu'ir  srilUnu'iiN  llu-  icirililr  venue. iin  e  nl'  llu- 
1  iiii|iii)is.  I'.i^sini;  dnwii  ihc  Si.  Liw  rem  e, 
llu'V  l.iiiiKil  at  I,a<diiiu.'  on  the  jmIi  of  I  iilv. 
,ind  fell  iiiinn  the  nnstis|)e(.-lin;4  inhabitant. 
liuriiinL;,  ]iliinderinL;  .md  ina^^ac  reinu  in  all 
dircrtiniis.  .md  aliiio-.i  up  lo  the  deren--e^  cil 
Montre.il.  They  linueied  \veek>  in  the  i  min- 
trv.  laid  waste  the  si.-itlements  l.ir  .md  wide, 
and  leliirned  uilh  the  luss  of  onl\  llireo  nwn. 
'I'lie  P'reiit  li  ln^l  aliniit  ,i  thousand  peisiuis  hv 
ihi->  iiiniatl,  ind  minv  prisoners  were  lariied 
(iff  fur  ,1  fate  worse  than   -~tidden  death. 

Tlu;  iMeiiill  .It  I'orl  Fnmteii.li  were  ohliuetl 
lo  liiirn  llle  Iwo  \e>>els  ihev  li.id  on  llie  hike, 
and  .di.iniliiii  llie  fort,  fii^t  setlinu  a  vlow 
III. Itch  In  the  powder  in.iu.i/ine.  I'hr  lire 
h.lppelied  to  ;4ii  nut  lielore  tlu'  powder  wa^ 
reaclu.'d.  .md  the  ]il.ice  was  ^oon  plundered 
by  llie  ludi.ms.  The  ;.;,iriisoii  >el  out  in 
seven  h.irk  i  .moes,  tr.u  ellin^  oiilv  l)\  niuhl, 
.md  hiding;  by  day,  ,ind  .ifter  much  diffn  ult\ 

reached    Moiilie.ll   witll    the  lo^^  of    oiu;  i  .llioe 
and  all  on  bo.ird, 

I  >e  Noiuille  witne--sed  ihe  ili'\  .Isl.Umn  nl 
his  I  nloii)  without  (l.triiii;  to  re--i>l  the  eiieinv 
while  eii;;,i;4ed  m  iheir  work  nf  mm,  nor  on 
then  leiiirn.  lie  w.i-.  ^ui  i  ceded  the  in  \l 
ye.ir  by   1'  roiiieiuu  . 

OM)NI).\i;\    I'',\I'KI>I  I  Ins     OK    III!    ("ill    Nl      hi 
I' RON  I  l,.\.\i  . 

In  \i)i)(>  ihe  ('ountde  I'roiiten.ic  iii.ide  .in 
ini  uision  inlo   the  (  niinlry  of  the  <  )nond,ij;as. 


but  the  only  mention  that  iu'  makes  ol  this 
leuion  is  his  oncmipiiu'iit  for  a  nii^lit  upon 
wh.ii  is  now  known  as  Carleton  isl.ind. 

Sfi;sKi,u;i;N  !■  OrKK.MioNS  oi'  tiik    Fkknch 
ON  l,.\Ki   On  r AUK). 

Durin-  the  next  lifiv  years,  liie  Frcncli 
were  ste.idily  e.xlendinL;  their  trade,  and  cn- 
de.ivorini;  lo  atl.K  h  tlu-  remote  Indian  tril)es 
to  their  interests.  In  1687,  they  estaldished 
.1  foil  ,it  Ni.i.nara,  and  in  1722  the  Fji^lish 
built  ,1  ir.idiiiL;  house,  and  in  1727  a  fort  at 
Osweuo-  .\Itlioiu.;h  l-'.ni;land  and  I'raiK  e  were 
during  iniH  h  of  this  lime  at  pe.ico,  and  the 
(liuernors  of  iheir  colonies  on  terms  of  cor- 
respondence, there  was  |irobably  no  period 
down  III  till'  ioni|iiest  of  1760  dm  .ng  whicj) 
e.ich  of  the  two  powers  was  not  busy,  through 
iis  auenls.  in  elide. i\'oring  to  monopolize  the 
Indi.m  trade,  .md  in  cMending  this  inlliieni  e 
wilh  ihe  n.itive  tribes. 

l^niAN        .N'lSsliiN      .Al       Os\VKG.\  rCHIK;        I,  \ 

I'riskn  I'  Alios. — ( i7.t9.^ 

.\  I  onsiderable  number  of  Iroquois,  i  hielly 
( )iiiinil.igas.  having  been  induced  lo  settle  on 
llie  Si.  {..iwrence,  a  mission  was  established  in 
17  p),  ,it  the  month  of  the  Ctswegatchie,  on  the 
site  of  the  present  (  ily  of  Ogdensburg.  This 
mission  was  named  Fa  Presentation,  and  its 
foundei  w.is  I'"rancis  Pic.piet,  a  SuliMci.m. 
hiirmg  llie  first  season  he  built  a  storeliouse 
.md  a  small  fort,  but  before  the  end  of  the 
\e.ir  his  settlement  w.is  .ittacked  by  a  b.md  of 
Mohawks,  who  burned  two  vessels  lo.ided  wilh 
h.iv,  .md  the  palis.ules  of  ihe  fort.  .After  this, 
some  soldiers  were  sl.itioiied  here  tor  prote< - 
lion.  The  station  progressed  r.ipidly,  and  in 
1751  .1  saw   mill  was  begun. 

The  I'.nglish  who  had  built  .1  trading  house 
.md  .1  foil  ,it  ( )swego  m.my  years  before. 
n.iliir.illy  looked  with  jealousy  upon  this  estali- 
lishmeiil  by  the  French.  Word  was  brought 
III  them  by  the  Indi.iiis,  1  om  erning  their  posts 
latcK  erected  on  the  Ohio,  and  the  infornianl 
s  lid  "  he  lie.ird  a  bird  sing  that  a  great  many 
Indi.ms  from  his  castle,  and  others  from  the 
l'i\e  Nitions.  were  gone  to  Swegage." 

In    June,  1754,   the  I  elebr.ited  Congress  of 


% 


I 

s 


?^ 


GENI-.KAl.    I)I:Sl.I<II'  / /OX. 


47 


1 


M 


Representative     trr)m   the    iMiglisli   Colonies, 
met  at    All)an\  consider  ;i  Pkiti  of    Union 

for  their  common  defense,  and  on  this  occasion 
these  encroathniLMits  were  fully  tliscussed. 

In  the  war  which  followed,  La  Presentation 
became  a  jioint  of  oiiifit  and  rendezvous  for 
many  of  the  w.tr  parlies  thai  laiii  waste  llie 
frontier  settlomenis  of  the  l'",nf;lisli,  from  which 
they  usually  returned  bringing  jirisoners  and 
scaljjs.  Many  of  these  exjteditions  were  led 
by  Pici|uet  himself.  Thomas  Nfanle,  in  his 
history  of  the  French  war,  savs: 

"  As  to  tlie  Ablji-  l'ici|iiet,  wlio  (|istin>;iii-^lifil  liiin- 
self  so  miicli  by  lii>.  brutal  /cal,  as  lie  iliil  not  i-xpose 
hiiust'lf  to  any  danger,  he  rcruivfd  no  injury;  ami 
he  yet  lives,  justly  ilespised  '.o  sucli  a  dciiiee  iiy  every 
one  who  know-;  anything;  of  his  past  comluci  in 
America,  that  sc  arce  any  oIVk  er  will  aduiii  him  to 
liis  table.  However  repugnant  it  must  be  to  every 
idea  of  honor  and  luim.uiity,  not  to  give  fiiiarler  lo 
an  enemy,  when  subilued,  it  must  be  infiiiilely  more 
so  not  to  spare  women  and  children.  Vet  such  bad 
often  been  the  objects  ot  the  .\bbe  Picquet's  cruel 
.idvice,  enforced  by  llii-  most  barbarous  examples, 
especially  in  the  laiglisb  sctileiucnts  on  the  back  of 
Virginia  and  I'enusylvani.i." 

He  returned  to  Ir.ince,  where  he  died  July 
15,  17X1.  He  was  su(  (ceded  at  I, a  Presenta- 
tion (Ogdensburg)  b\  I ,a  (larde,  a  Siil|iician, 
and  the  mission  was  continued  until  broken 
uji  in  1760.  i'he  ( )swegalcliies  continued  to 
live  on  the  south  shore  and  on  the  islands  at 
the  head  of  the  Rajiids  until  1S06,  when  the 
l)roprietor  of  the  lands  (  aused  their  removal, 
a  jKirt  Lioing  lo  St.  Regis,  and  others  relum- 
ing to  Onondaga.  Some  years  since,  the  (or- 
ner-stoiie  of  a  building  erected  ne.ir  the  site 
of  the  present  light-house,  at  the  entr.ince  of 
the  harbor  at  Ogdi'Usburg.  was  found  in 
taking  down  the  building.  It  may  now  be 
seen  over  the  door  of  ,1  building  erected  for  a 
State  arsenal  in  that  city,  and  bears  liic  fol- 
lowing inscription: 

In  nomine  -f-   Dei  Oinnipotenlis 

Huic  habitationi  initi.idedit 

I'rans  Picipiet.     1749. 

These  premises  remained  standing  when  set- 
tlement began  under  title  from  the  State,  in 
1796,  and  until  long  afterwards.  Thev  weri' 
I'lttt'd   up  for  a  store  and  for  dwellings  until 


better  could  be  built,  and  the  site  of  the  foiin- 
tl.itions  mav  still  be  traced. 

Operations  in  17.^5-^':  Cai'turf.  ov  Oswkgo. 

The  war,  which  i,aule(l  in  the  coniiuest  of 
('.m.id.i,  is  wilhonl  incident  so  f.ir  as  relates  to 
the  'I'housand  Isl.inds;  but  man\  events  oc- 
curred u|ion  this  frontier,  which  became  the 
thoroughfare  of  large  armies,  the  only  com- 
munication then  known  being  by  the  river, 
between  tin,'  settled  [i.irts  of  Canada  and  the 
upper  lakes. 

In  the  summer  of  1755  the  French  were  en- 
gaged in  strengthening  the  post  at  ITontenac, 
ami  later  in  the  se.ison  at  Niagara.  The  first 
detachment  in  going  n|)  was  met  b\  a  jMrty  of 
Indi.ius  .imong  the  Islands  on  the  isi  of  .\u- 
gust.  Thev  had  a  number  of  sc.ilps,  ami  gave 
the  hrst  intimatiiui  rcceixed  in  ("an.id.i  of  tiie 
defe.itiif  I'radddck's  .irinv  near  I'lir!  DuQiiesne 
a  fortnight  before.  This  success  of  the  French 
determined  m.mv  of  the  Indi.ms  to  take  up 
arms  against  the  Fnglish,  and  many  of  the 
c  .innon  <\iiiiured  on  that  occ.ision  were  used 
by  the  l-'rcnch  at  Ni.ig.ira  and  elsewhere  on 
the  northern  border  during  the  following  year. 

In  I  756,  consider, dile  bodies  of  troojis  were 
sent  fnun  {'"ranee,  and  in  May,  the  .Nrarcpiisde 
Nb)nti\:lm,  Cicn.  Hour]. iuiai[ue,  two  engineers, 
and  an  armycd'  i,_;5o  regulars,  1.500  ('anadians 
and  J50  Indi.uis,  .im  ended  the  ri\er  to  |-'ort 
Fruntenac  ,  .ind  M.  de  X'illers,  with  5C0  men, 
established  .1  ])osl  of  observation  on  ,Si>-town 
Point,  in  the  present  town  of  Henderson,  Jef- 
lerson  county,  the  outlines  of  which  may  still 
be  i)lainly  traced.  It  w,is  sipi.tre,  built  of  up- 
right timbers,  with  basiinns  at  the  ciu-ners.  and 
w.is  surrounded  by  a  ditch,  ,ind  at  the  time 
hidden  from  \ii'w  In  surrounding  trees  and 
bushes.  This  (jt'ticer,  u  hu  was  captain  of  the 
marine,  w.is  brave  .ind  prudent,  and  had 
greatly  annoved  the  haiglisli  by  pillaging  their 
munitions.  jikI  obliging  them  to  take  great  pre- 
cauti(ms  in  sending  i)rovisions  to  their  troo[)s 
at  Oswego. 

Montcalm  left  l''ort  Frontenai  for  Point 
Peninsula  on  the  5th  of  .Vugust,  and  on  the 
7th  the  Irench  appeared  before  Oswego. 
There  were  at  this  time  two  forts  at  this  place 


i'l 
lin 


yi 


I! 


48 


,/  snrr/\/A'  (>/    ////:  sv:  /..iiru/:\ty-  r/itr. 


—  Foil  ()nlari(i  on  ilu'  iMst  sidr,  .iinl  l''iirl 
Puppercll  on  \.\\v  wi'st.  Tlu'  lalii'i,  lluii  luuly 
erected,  was  i.-o  t\et  -iinair,  a  ramiiart  ot 
eartli  and  stone,  jo  teet  thick,  and  12  lint 
liit^li,  l)esides  tlie  ]i.ira|iel. 

'I'lie  I'leni  li  liegin  tlu-ir  ai)iiroa(lies  on  the 
ijtli,  and  on  the  next  day  the  l'.ni;hsh,  hav- 
inj;  sjiiked  tlieir  ^uns  and  destmyed  iheit  pro- 
visions and  ammunition,  withdrew  to  the  old 
fort  on  the  eastern  l)ank.  TliisCol.  Mercer 
was  also  oliliged  to  surrender  on  thi'  17th. 
The  I-',ni;lisli  foree  consisted  of  -',400  men, 
who  \ielded  upon  terms  diitated  liy  Monl- 
e,dm,  willi  .ill  tlieir  effects,  munitions,  arms 
and  military  stores. 

It  is  stated  by  l',ni;lisli  luNtorians  that,  not- 
withstanding the  pledges  of  Montcalm,  twenty 
of  the  garrison  were  given  up  to  the  Indians, 
Ii\'  w.iy  of  atonement  for  the  loss  of  friencls, 
and  that  all  the  sick  in  the  ln)S|iital  were 
sc.ilped.  At  le.ist  one  hundied  men  are  said 
toh.uf  f.illen  \  ictim^  to  Indian  ferm  ii  v  .ificr 
the  surrender,  the  remainder  being  taken 
down  to  Montreal,  where  tlu.'y  were  mostly 
exchanged.  The  Irench  did  not  .Utemiit  to 
hold  this  [lost  .ifter  surrender,  but  most  of 
the  i)ro\isions  were  sent  to  Niag.ira  .md  the 
arlillervto  I'lcmten.ic  ,iiid  Montre.il.  Ai  ccud- 
ing  to  Toui  hot,  the  government  got  small  re- 
turns of  the  bootv,  as  il  was  mostly  stolen  or 
converted  to  private  use  by  the  commissaries, 
stew.irds  anil  other  agents  of  tin-  servic  e,  who 
lost  no  op|)ortunitv  of  enriching  themselves  .it 
the  king's  expense.  Some  of  the  \erv  articles 
captured  were  sold  back  to  the  governnuni 
through  contr.u  tors.  Two  sloops  were  sc't  on 
fire  by  the  I'renc  h  and  c.ist  .ulrift  upon  the 
lake.  The  greater  part  of  the  Iiciu  h  army 
returned  a  week  afterwards  to  .Montreal,  and 
appeared  later  the  same  season  upon  Lake 
Chaniplain. 


Di.srRuc  1  ION  Of  I  OKI    I'lMN  ri  N.\i 


(i75''^). 


In  August,  175.S,  Colonel  John  Hradsireet 
arrived  at  Oswego  with  an  army  of  3, .^40  men 
and  crossed  the  lake  to  l'"c)rt  I'rontenac,  whic  h 
he  captured  with  ,1  trifling  loss.  .After  de- 
stroying the  fort  ami  sec  uring  what  he  could 
of  the  immense  military  stcjres  there  deposited, 


he  returned  without  .ucicK-nl  In  (Oswego.  He 
repaired  the  works  on  llie  east  side  ot  the 
river  at  that  place,  whic  h  remained  in  Hriiish 
possession  until  surrendei'ed  to  the  Inited 
.St.itc's  under  Ire, ity  in   June,  \'')(>. 

I'.M'ini  iioN   of   liiKii    \Mina-:s  I ,  ( I  760). 

The  w.ir  between  the  I'rench  and  iMiglish 
in  Nciilh  Ameiic.i,  which  begun  m  1755,  had 
led,  b\  the  end  of  i75c>,  to  the  rediu  lion  of 
Niag.ua,  Tic  underoga,  (!rown  Point  ,and 
tjiiebec.  To  complete  the  compiest,  three 
expeditions  were  planned  for  1760:  one  from 
'Quebec,  another  bv  w.iy  of  Lake  Chaniplain, 
and  ,1  third  by  w.iy  of  ( )swego  and  the  St. 
I.iwrence  river.  The  latter  was  placed  under 
Cicner.il  Jeffrey  Amherst,  and  the  forces  as- 
sembled at  (Iswego  were  re]iorted  on  the  5th 
of  August  as  c  onsisting  of  the  ist  and  jd  bat- 
t.ilion  c.f  Royal  I  lighlanders,  the  44tli.  46th 
and  55lh  regiments,  the  4th  b.attalion  of  the 
60th,  eight  c omii.inies  of  the  77th,  \\\r  ol  the 
Solli,  597  grenadiers,  an  ecpi.il  number  of 
light  inf.mtrv.  146  rangers,  three  b.ittalions  of 
the  New  \'ork  regiment,  the  New  Jersey  legi- 
imuil,  four  battalions  of  the  Connecticut  regi- 
iiK'Ul.  .md  157  of  the  Royal  Artillery  — 
.imounting  in  all  to  10,14.'  ellective  men, 
oftic  ers  inc  bided.  There  were  besides  706 
Indian  warriors  under  Sir  Willi.im  Johnson. 

The  first  detachment  of  tioop-  sailed  in 
Iwii  vesseN,  tin-  Moh.iu  k  .iiicl  the  Onondag.i, 
on  llu'  7th.  to  t.ike  po-l  at  the  entr.im  e  of 
the  St.  Lawrence.  (  )n  the  i^tl,  .ill  h.id  elil- 
b, irked,  and  lui  the  e\cning  of  th.il  cl.iy  they 
encamped  .11  the  he. id  of  the  St,  Lawrence. 
Capl.iin  I.oring,  with  llie  luo  \essels,  who  had 
been  the  first  to  leave  ( )swego,  lost  his  way 
anicuig  the  islands,  and  while  emleavoring  to 
extric  ate  himself,  the  main  army  passed  him. 
Thev,  however,  .irrived  a  day  c>r  two  alter  at 
I'oint  ail  ll.iril,  ne.ir  the  present  village  of 
.Mailland,  where  the  I'rem  h  the  ye.ir  bebue 
had  built  a  clock,  .md  established  a  fortified 
ship-vard.  The  grenadiers  and  row-galleys 
had,  in  the  meanlime,  taken  an  adv.mc  cd  posi- 
tion at  Osweg.itchie,  preparatory  to  an  altac  k 
upon  Icirt  Lcjvis. 

This  fori  stood  upon  an   island   c  ailed  Ora- 


M 


''*. 
^ 


\s 


(//•  \7  Av ;/    /'/  >'  Kir  rii  >  v. 


49 


1  DiuMiiiiii  liy  ill!'  Indi, 111'-,  ,111(1  111'  l\i)\alr  li\ 
llu;  liiiiih, —  .iliDiii  ihrrc  iiiiK's  l)i.'liiu  llir 
liiiMitli  III  llif  (  •>\vfL;al(  lilr,  ,111(1  lUMf  tlu'  1111(1- 
(llc  of  the  (  li.iiiiu'l.  uliuli  II  (  iiiiiiilficly  (  mil- 
Ill  iinKcl.  Ill  ininltjiii  liiiK'-,  il  i^  kiiiiuii  ,!■> 
(..'Iiiniiic\  i--l,iiiil,  Iroiii  the  niiii^  ol'  llic  !■  itik  li 
work-.  >lill  \i^il)K'  u|iiiii  it.      (In  ( ';iiia(l:i. ) 

'I'lic  work^  iipiiii  till--  i--laii(l  were  l)i\miii  iin- 
(In  the  (lirrctioii  of  tlir  Cli(,'\  .ilii.'  dc  Lcvii  in 
iliL-  siimnuT  (if  i73(;,  aiul  liiii'-licd  in  I'ho  by 
I'liiiiliol.  A  ni.i|i  '^\\c\\  \<\  .Maiiii'  >i-.(iu>  lli.il 
ilic  border  (.f  the  i^l.ind  \v,is  Mt  uitli  the 
trunks  of  trees  iiavinfj;  tlieir  lop^  -till  on. 
,111(1  Tirinlv  set  in  the  j^roiind,  so  as  to  |ire^eiit 
an  liiiiienetralile  ali.itis  ot  liriisli  on  everv 
side  but  tlie  landiiii^  .it  the  lower  end.  Wiiliiii 
this  was  :\  iireastwork  of  e.irth,  and  luliiiid  this 
.1  dee]!  (lit(  h  tilled  with  w.iter.  through  the 
middle  of  wlii(  Il  there  r,in  a  sto(  k.ide  of  stroiu;, 
sli.ir|iene(l  |ii(  kets,  (  loseU'  set  and  slo|iiii^ 
outwards.  1  iiside  ol  the  (lit(  li  >tood  the  i''ort 
proper,  eonsistiiit,'  ui  ,i  timber  par.ii)et  tilled 
will)  earth,  u  ith  .i  line  of  strong,  sliar|ieiied 
pickets  slopim;  out  o\cr  the  dit(  h,  and  pln- 
loriiis  lor  e.innon,  ,ind  in  the  i  enter  of  the 
uork^  the  ni,ii,'.i/ines  and  cpiarters.  'I'he  lower 
IMiinl  of  the  island  w.is  not  iiK  hided  within 
the  ditch  and  |i,ir.ipet,  but  had  defensive  works 
sulti(  ietlt  to  prevent  the  landing  of  bo.its. 

.\  small  I  hiireh  stood  near  the  head  of  Callop 
isl.iiid,  .1  short  distaiK  e  below  the  fort,  .it  tiie 
time  when  this  jiO'-t  was  taken.  The  I'',ni;lish, 
finding  a  sc.ilp  displayed  in  the  building, 
burned  it  to  the  ground  The  outline  of  the 
found, itions  of  this  cliiircli  can  still  be  traced. 

The  events  attending  the  reduction  of  this 
tort— the  last  that  olfered  any  resistance  in 
Cmada.  ni.iy  be  le.iriied  from  two  ac( oiinis: 
'Uie  by  Maiite,  ,in  rai-li-h  liiM(ui,in  of  .ip- 
proved  (  redii,  and  the  oti-.er  bv  I'om  hot,  the 
French  otficer  who  defended  the  fort,  and 
atlerwards  wrote  a  history  of  the  war,  that 
was  published  after  his  death. 

I'he   lo^s   Ml'  ill,'    l;ilj;lis||    u;|s   IvvetlM'   .MIC    killed  ,111.1 

tiinciijcii  W(juii.|eU.     •Ihe   iiisi   shot    tr.ini   the    EnR- 


lisli  li.iil.iy  killc.j  llie  I'lcii.  Il  <illi.  I  I  .>f  .nii!l.  ly. 
I'.lfveii  III. Ill  wcie  kille.l  .illtnv.u.K.  .iihI  .iIi.uiI  |..iiv 
w.iiiM.li'il.  The  :.;.im'-i)M,  c\.  i|il  ihe  piluls,  i.ii  ihu 
^.ikc.if  wli.Mii  cliiillv  ihe  |il.i.  (■  h.iil  lit'cii  all.i.ki.l, 
w.ic  sriil  III  .\.\v  N'.iik;  ami  llie  :^riu.'r.il  11.11111.I  ihe 
t.iil   I',  'i;  I   Wil  I  I  \M  Ai  ..I  -M 

()-\\  I  I.  \  I  ciiir.    i\  111  I-    I  iir    J'.Ni.i  i-ii. 

Tin  i^nglish  (  oiitiniied  to  o(  (  iipy  (  >--\ve- 
g.itcliie  ,is  ,1  tr.iding  p.ist  until  1  7(;'i,  ,ind  dur- 
ing the  Revolution  it  w.is  ,1  poiiu  of  some 
import.ilK  e  .IS  a  pl.ic.c  for  the  stor.ige  of  sup- 
plies, and  the  transfer  of  freight  I'rom  bo  its  to 
vessels.  .Mlhoiigh  the  St.  l.awreiK  e  ri\er  had 
been  (k:(  l.ired  the  bound, iry  by  the  Tre.ity  of 
ly.S^,  the  IJritish  held  possession  of  the  whole 
line  of  |iosts  on  the  northern  frontier  to 
se(  lire,  .Is  they  claimed,  the  rights  of  cert.iin 
Dritish  subjects.  In  the  absence  of  authority 
to  |ire\eiit  it,  the  owners  of  l.ind  under  pur- 
chase from  the  .State  sniTered  great  d.iiiKiges 
fiom  timber  thieves,  who  ojierated  e\tensi\ely 
,iiid  without  the  le.ist  restr.iint.  .\  mill  on  the 
( )swegatchie  owiii.'d  by  one  \'erno  I'raiK  is 
l.orimer,  a  half-pay  <  .iptaiii,  did  ,111  extensive 
business  in  this  line,  but  the  renioiistr.iiK  cs  of 
proprietors  obtained  no  relief.  'I'he  usii.il 
plea  when  these  comiilaints  were  brought  to 
the  .itteiition  of  oftici,ils  was  that  the\  h,id  no 
jurisdii  tion  in  the  matter,  ,in(l  tli.it  relief 
should  be  sought    in  some  higher  authority. 

.According  to  the  terms  of  "Jay's  Treatv," 
all  the  iio-,ts  within  the  liiited  St.ites  were  to 
be  gi\en  up  on  or  before  June  i,  1796.  .Mr. 
N'.ith.in  l'(U(l,  agent  of  S,imiiel  Ogden  the 
proprietor,  took  posstssioii,  ,iiid  at  once  bi'g.in 
improvements  with  an  energy  that  could  not 
l.iil  of  suci  ess.  During  his  absence  the  lirst 
winter  the  Cin.idians  (  anu'  over,  held  a  town 
meeting,  elected  (  ivil  and  military  otVn  ers 
and  opened  a  kind  ot'tice  for  selling  and  set- 
tling his  kiiuls;  but  he  made  short  work  wilh 
these  sijiialters  and  their  title.  ,iii(l  the  sellle- 
nienl  grew  rajiidly  until  its  prosperit)-  w.is 
(  liei  ked  for  a  time  b\  the  enib,irgo  of  i,Si2 
and  the  war. 


tin 


FORT  CARLTON 


CARLTON   ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


i^jUR  mnrc  than  oiL^luy  \  i-.us  the  UMvillcr 
I  (III  tlic  ri\i-r  Si.  j.aurciux-  liy  way  ut  the 

Aiiiuriian  (  iumiu'l,  ('Hilil  ■-(  aii  cl\'  have  lailt-d 
to  noiii  0  a  i^ioiip  ot  >i(iiic  <  hmiiiL'Xs  ^taiuliiiL; 
on  the  lihilV  at  the  hea^l  ot  I'arlton  I^Kind. 
Iniiuiry  or  examination  (li>c  lo^ed  the  larl  tlial 
tliese  ohl  I  hininey  -^lac  i<s  >tooil  within  an  ehilio- 
rateh'  t'ottiliid  ein  hniire  ol'  wiiu  h  tlie  out- 
line-, are  not  onl)'  di^tini  t,  hut  in  a  dej^iee 
quite  perfei  t,  -lo  that  tiie  plan  I-  readih  deter- 
mined, the  sy>tem  id  iitilied.  it>  .irmainent 
approximately  adjud:;ed,  its  ma:;a/ines  and 
barracks  located,  and,  in  short,  its  whole  scope, 
oliject  and  intent  made  reasonably  |ilaiii. 

It  will  be  remembered  th.it  the  head  ol 
I'arlton  Island  consist^  ol  a  <  oinparali\eK  low 
penin^ula,  connei  ted  li\-  a  ne(  k  of  land  uith 
the  main  island.  On  eai  h  side  of  thi>  ne(  k  or 
islhnuis  is  a  bi\,  one  arm  of  whi(  li  iN  (ailed 
South  bavand  the  otlar  Norili  bav.  I'.ack  of 
the  t\\o  ba\s  the  inland  rises  abrnplK  in  a  ^tei']! 
blmi'  to  a  hei;^ht  of  ab.iut  sixlv  feet  abo\e  the 
water,  and  upon  thi->  bluff  the  fort  w.is  <  on- 
slnicted. 

The  work  oi  ctipied  three. ei-hths  of  an 
01  lagon,  exteiidint^  from    edge   to  ed,L;e  of   the 


(lilt  on  whii  h  It  was  built,  \\hi(  h  lates  to  the 
southwe-t.  The  re.ii,  or  landward  side,  w.is 
protected  b\-  a  ^trmiL;  earth-work,  a  ditt  h,  an 
out-work  and  -lacis  of  stone  ,ind  a  strong 
.ib.itis.  The  dit(  h  was  cut  in  the  limestone 
ro(  k.  In  the  (enter  ot  eac  h  lac  e  of  the  i, im- 
part.^, .ind  midwa\  between  the  salients,  w.is 
,1  strong  bastion,  (  on-^tiui  ted  for  lour  ,i;tins, 
two  ol  which  in  e.u  h  b.i^iion  i  (juld  enlihule  < or- 
respondinj;  .iiii^les  of  tiic  dilc  h.  whi<  h  was  <  tit 
to  .1  dejith  of  ne.irly  five  feel,  with  .in  averai^c 
width  of  twentv-foiir  feet.  The  s<  ,irp  w.is 
\erti(  al  .111(1  j)rote(  ted  b\  a  (  1k\  e.iiix-de-frisc 
of  ced. ir  loj^s.  sli.irpened  at  the  outer  ends, 
and  exteiidiu:;  bevond  the  berme  ;  these  were 
held  in  pi. He  by  the  eailh  of  the  p.ii.ij.el. 
The  (  lUinter^c  ,irp  w.is  .iNo  verticil,  .iiul  be. 
\ond  it  extended  a  (ouvert  w.iy  ol  about  the 
s.ime  a\er,iL;e  width  as  the  diti  h.  There  were 
also  bomb-proof  ma^.i/ines  .ind  b.irrac  ks 
erei  ted,  and  a  well  sunk  to  .i  level  of  oi  below 
the  w.iter  in  \iulh  ba\-.  (  )n  the  lotli  of 
June,  f-jn^,  there  still  remained  in  the  fort 
ten  eiuhteen-pounders,  (he  tw clve-iioundcrs, 
two  nine-pounders  and  two  six-pounders.  In 
I7.S,5,    ten    ye.irs   previous,  six   eii;lituens    .iiul 


1 


i 


\ 


(■//.■//■'\    /^/,  ;-\/'  /A    ////.  i<i.\"/i'  n,'.\. 


ti\r    IWrUr^    li.itl    lnTli    l.ikrn    lloin    llif    ann.i- 

nil-Ill  111  ihr  lull  .iihI  pi. 11  111  iii'iMi  \i.'^^ci>;  mi 
♦.li.il  ilic  1  (iiii|iii-ic  aiiii.iiiii.nt  imi^i  Ikuc  Ihcii 
^iMiiU  tiy,liiccii^,  li'ii  tuilvr-,  t\M>  ii:iif!>  and 
two  >i\r-^;   111  all,  thirly  .l;iiii^, 

As  raiK  .1-^  1771.  laillnii  1-1,  nd,  tlini 
kiiiivvii  a-  link,  111  I 'i  I T  l-land,  Ik'i  amc  a 
iradiiii;  pii-l  nl  in  n  li  iin|iiii  lanrr  tur  (JiicIilt 
iiu-ii  lian;-  \\  liii  ^M'l'i'  diMlmi;  u  illi  tlic  Ini'.ian 
liilics.  Ill  I  7  75  '>  '111'  l!i  iii--li  ,l;ii\  iinnu-nt  li  111 
liicitcd  n  inililaiv  and  na\al  -n|i|>K  di'iiarl- 
III;  111  nil  tin'  i-laiid,  lull  11  w.is  nut  until 
An-ii-i.  177.S,  that  any  aticin|it  at  lntiilying  it 
\va-  mido.  The  riMsnns  fur  mi  dnint;  may  W 
Vt-iV  l'|-irll\  -laird.  .\t  the  InrakiiiL;  mit  iiT 
t!u'  U'.ir  III'  llir  Kovolntioii,  the  IliillNh  held 
Ni.1l;  ii.i,  (  »-\\  i-'Hii,  I'liit  !■  iimtcnai;  (iniw  Kin:;-- 
tiin),  and  iiiiili-.iiutL'(i  sua\  nf  the  lakes  and  ul 
the  liM-r  Si.  {..lureine,  .Sir  Ciuy  ('.nituil 
w.i-  goveriiiir  nl  the  ( '.inad.ls,  .mil  1  iiinni.iiHler- 
111-rliief  (it  hi-  .M.iiesty'-  luK  es  therein.  A 
(■.iiii|i,iiL;n  .i^^.iinst  the  ( nloiiie-  w.is  |il,inned 
e.iiK  in  llu'  war,  and  il- iiianat;einenl  eiitnisled 
I.I  (len.  |iilin  riiir-m  ne,  in-te,id  ul  Sir  (\\\\ 
(.', niton.  'I'he  pi. 111  «.i-  well  l.iid.  liiir- 
;,;i)yi)L'  w.is  111  niii\e  mi  .\lli.iny  In  u  ly  nl 
!,,ike  Chainpl.iin;  Cnl.  Il.irry  St.  1  1-1  1  u  ,1- 
tn  pKii  eed  up  the  St.  I  .lu  lenre  In  ()-\\ei;ii 
and  thence  tu  liirt  .Stanwi.x  (kmiu),  .ind,  re- 
dtii  inji  that,  reaeh  .\lliany  In  ".n  ul  the 
.\l«ih,iuk,  .ind  I'lnin  ,1  inm  lion  with  llnijjoyne; 
while  Sir  Henry  Clinton  w.is  to  move  n|i  the 
Hudson  River  to  the  -aiiu'  point.  iJiil  Ihir- 
j^oyne  W.IS  defeated  .it  S.ir.Uo^.i,  St.  l.e.uer 
w.i-  forced  to  r.iise  the  -ieL;e  of  lorl  Stanwix, 
.md  Clinion  f.iiled  to  re.n  h  .\lli.my— so  the 
welld.iid  pi. in  w.i-  dcfe.iled.  Thinkini;  him- 
self ,ij;,L;rie\ed  hv  the  .ippointinent  ot  I'.ir- 
j;o\  ne,  Sir  ('■  n v  C.irlton  re-i.i;neil  his  po-ilion 
.md  returned  to  j-'.n-l.ind;  .md  Sir  liedeiak 
H.ildiin.md  wis  appointed  to  hi-  pi. ice. 

In  lulv.  I77,S,  ('.en.  H.ildimand  i--ued  .111 
order  lo  laeiii.  Willi, im  Twi—  of  the  j-'ai-i- 
iieers.  l.ieiil.  Srhink  of  the  Navy,  .md  Cipl. 
.Xillirey  of  the  .|7lh  Reuiment,  to  proceed  lo 
the  ii|iper  Si.  l.nvreiice  .md  llii're  -elei  t  sin  h 
a  place  as  in  their  indunieiil  w.is  liesi  Miiied  to 
e-talilish  a  shi|i-\ard  ,ind  .ill  its  iiece-s.ii\'  re- 
ipiiieineiits.      .\fter   .1   i  .ireful   ex.unin.ilion  ol 


M-ver.il  point-  they  jiili  lii-d  on  l)eei  1-1. md. 
'!apl.  Si  ii.mk  li.id  .1  lone  o!  .lUUiier-,  .md 
{■,i|);.  .\iiliu\  his  own  coiiip.mv  .md  .1  detai  h- 
ini'iit  of  Sir  John  Jolm-on's  "  Royal  tiieins," 
l.lelll.  I'wis-  dicw  the  pi. in-  lol  the  loll,  .ilid 
n. lined  it  I'liii  ll.ddiin.iiul,  in  honor  ol  the 
11,  \v  ( oiiini.iiiiler,  and  the  tlirei'  ottu  iT- 
cli.m^id  the  n.ime  of  the  i-l.md  lioin  "  I  leer  " 
to  "  ( '.irlliiii,"  m  honor  ol  their  toiiner  com- 
ni.inder.  Sir  ( 'luy  Cirlton.  '1  he  lort  was  ne\er 
liilU  (  oiiipleled,  work  liiiiiL;  ili-conliniied  hy 
order  of    ( len.    I  l.ildiin.md   in    1  7.^,^. 

During  the  W.ir  ol  the  Re\olution,  Carlton 
Isl.ind  w.i-  the  iiio-t  iiniiortant  jiosi  above 
Monlie.il.  M.iny  ve-sels  ol  w.ir  .md  ;.;nnl)o.its 
were  built  in  the  North  li.iy,  .md  the  iiUue 
was  the  me. It  depot  of  niilil.irv  .md  iias.il  sup- 
plies for  the  Nmihue-I.  ll  w.i-  the  place  of 
refuse  lor  the  Tories  of  New  N'oik,  I'ennsyl- 
v.mi.i  and  Newjersev.  Th.u  end.ma^ea,  the 
ere. It  ciiief  of  the  Si\  N  ilion-,  111, ide  lliis  his 
lu-.idipKirlers.  l,arj;e  nuinbers  of  those  tribe- 
em  amiied  on  ('.irlton  and  Wolfe  isl.md-. 
'The  bloody  ma— .icres  of  the  Ced.irs,  \\\i.- 
inin-.  Cherrv  \'.ille\,  and  Slmiy  .\r.ilii.i,  weii' 
]il. limed  here,  .md  e\ei  tiled  by  lorces  which 
went    lliilil   here. 

W  h.il  .1  coiitr.ist  between  the  Carlton  Is- 
l.md iif  117  ve.iis  .leo,  and  now.  Then  all 
w.i-  bii-iU'.  \e--els  of  war  were  buikiinj;,  .1 
furl  in  coiislrui  lion;  the  drums  be.it  the 
reveille,  .md  the  10. ir  of  the  evening  ^\m 
sLirtli'il  t!>e  echoes  .nnid  the  dense  toresls  on 
i-l.m-l  .md  mainl.md.  The  note-  ol  the  buelo 
r.iiii;  shrill  and  (  lear  acro-s  the  cry-t.il  w, iters 
of  the  St.  l.iwrence,  while  the  w.ir-whuopof 
the  p.iinlid  Iio.pioi-  boded  de.itli  and  di-aster 
lo  the  frontier  -etller.  lo-d.iy.  .ill  is  ipiiel. 
Where  the  artiricers  of  the  Re\olulion  built 
their  vessels  of  w.ii'.  the  .iriificers  of  to-day 
.ire  1  oni|iletini^  the  finest  cottage  on  thi'  St. 
L.iwrence  ri\'er.  The  l.inil  e.irned  by  his  ser- 
\  i(  e  in  the  ('onlinent.il  .iriiiv,  .md  er.mied  to 
a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  now  belone- 
to  a  e. ill. ml  soldier  of  a  l.iler  Revolution, 
which  c-i.ibli-lied  as  .1  permaiuiu  f.ici  thai 
wiiicli  the  fir-l  Revolution  only  inaiieurated 
as  an  exiieiinunt  "The  rnioii,  one  and 
iiisc[).irable." 


f 


54 


w  s,i/  r/.\7A'  ()/■■  riii:  si.  /  m  h'/.\,  /.  a 


7/ 7.  A'. 


HON.  THOMAS  G.  ALVORD'S  FISHING   EXPERIENCES 


II'' IN    I  III    i;l\  I  k,  I   \Ki  \    i\    I  III    I  i.i<  I  II 


\'^lli;\    I    fiiM    h-.m1vi(1    111    lu-.Mi'ed    with 

*^  llu'  |.lr|..n,Ul()ll    lit     llii>    >.Hivrlii|-.    inv 

liiiiiil    loiirt-ivrd  the    IiIlm    n\    .i>kin-  -^iww  niir 

"I    th<'  rarlv  Ircinu'iiici-.  ..|  the  (lir.it   Kim  r  i.i 

^\IIU-  ll|i  hi>  lIlK  CSlKTIL-lll  e>.  I  kiuu  ih.ii 
^il.is  Wri-hl,  ,111(1  ru-stnii  Kin-,  .iiul  .M,,il;n 
Van  liatrii  ami  his  sun  I'liiur  |.,iui,  an>l  |)i. 
I'.cthiin.',  ami  Dr.  Hull  in,|,  ,i,  w,  11  .i,  iho  hmi- 
ilrccU  (ii  later  iiirn  ol'  f.|ii,il  al.ilit\,  im  1ml- 
in.^  (liaiil  iiui  .Sliriiii.in  and  .Shcrid.m.  h.id 
all  jp.is^rd  .i\\.i\  — then  nainr>  ik.w  (uih  .i 
nu'imiiy -- llu-ii  |iie-.cii(a'  iu-\rr  inuii-  tn  In- 
ie(i>i;ni/ial  Ny  tin-  ,L;ir.it  n.ili.m  tli.it  iiL'lii;lited 
t<'    lii>iiiu-   till  111   wlun    lixiiiL;.      ('.i^tin^    alxint 

tiif  sdinr  a-fd  nlic,  yet  s|i,llC(l,  We  tlKiil-ht  nl 
I.ieiil.  (iu\.  'riidtii.is  (;.  .\lv(ii(!.  Ill'  .s\  r.Hii^c, 
am!  hr  h.is  ;;ra(  iniish  i  iim|ilird  with  mii-  ir- 
||iic-~I.  Wilhiiiit  liinher  ml  ludm  limi  wi-  -ur 
lll^  adinirilile  liMrt;  pi  I'l  n  llll-  il.  l|.iur\rl, 
liy    s.i\in-     ih.il     hr    u.i^    liir   in.inv    vr.n.    the 

""  llCf      'il^'l       '<<   <   IIIMIII       lit'      wh.U       l>     IsllllWli      .1,, 

"  (  imcniin'-,  Nl.iml,"  nnw  the  innprtiv  ni 
Ml.  I'Jm  i\.  It  i-  thr  lii^!  i^l.inil  almvr  the 
(Hie  ii|Min  uhi(  h  Mi.  C.  (;.  |'.im-iy  limit  ,i 
licaiitil'nl  villa,  whli  li  hr  has  I  iirix  riil.ii-nl 
and  u'lcalK  impnA  rd.  .Mr.  .Mw.rd^  ImiL; 
(  (iniir(  li.iii  with  ihr  iiiiliiii  d  lii->t()r\  (it  llir 
St.ite  h  Is  m.ide  hi^  name  iiiu^t  I'.iinili  ir  in  mii 
]ie(i|ilc  iimh  r  the  i  n^mitiirii  ul  "  (  )|il  .S.ilt,"  ,i 
n.ime  raiiiril  in  the  I  ,ei;islatiiri'  In  hi^  persist- 
ent     .idhrrrm  r     In    ihr     lnrtlines    (if     .Svi'.KUsr 

where  the  wrll-knuwii  (  )ii()iul,ig,i  Silt  S|irii)-> 
hive  iieen  ^u  Imn;  a  soiine  of  iirullt  Id  the 
St, lie.  .IS  well  as  the  soiua c  iif  \cr\  mm  h  iil' 
the  e,iiii(a-  wr.iltli  and  iiiiiinrLince  i.l   th.it  i  ii\. 

Sn  |,:.\i  I  ~i  ,   icluit.iry  j,,   i,S()5. 
J\".  A    H,\|i|iiM  K,  l',-i,i.: 

Mv  hi  \K  SiK.  I  am  in  recei|it  of  vfiiir 
pliMsint  letter  (if  rr. |iies|  lli,it  I  dot  duun 
something  (<\  .1  liistiir\  of  mv  earh  e\ptai- 
en(  es  as  an  ani,itiair  lislieriiian  on  the  glorious 
aiul  lordly  St.    [..iwrenct.'.      To   this   re(iiiest    1 


clieeiliilly  ac(  edr.  ,ind  le:n f  to  vnii  the  deii- 
^i"ii  I'l'l  lin  il  lad-iiiriii  uhether  or  imi  it 
■"''■I'l  I'lii'l  "Is  w.iv  mill  Mill!  (  oniempl.iird 
'ii^l"iv  of  the  Si.  I.  iwreiK  e  .ind  it^  j.ooo 
1^1, ukU. 

I  hr-i  lie-. Ill  tin  pi>r  itiiri.il  (  arr(  r  m  the 
»,iieis,,i  the  llmUoii  n\cr,  nine  miles  ,ilio\c' 
,\lli  in\,  wiieii  1  w.is  \  (Mill;; enough  to  he  withoiii 
di^(  reiion,  lull  old  (  iiiiii-h  to  liook  .1  simli^h, 
and  (  iiii-.e(pieiitly  (  ,ime  ne.ir.  mi  mie  ■.«  (  .ision, 
li  111-  drowned  li>  l',illin,i;  f n mi  the  drnk  into 
lii>-'  ll\iT  Mv  hive  for  ihe  -purl  f.illowed  iiie 
iiiio  iin   i.ille-.'  life,  .ind  .i>  ofitai  a>  pn-MJiK-  | 

lApliirrd  the  w.iti  rs  (if  i..in|4  M.iiid  S id  lor 

Its  111  11  k-lidl.  por-irs,  r|(  .  I  (  .irrird  the 
t.lMr  with  inr  111  Ihr  llrrkOiirr  Hills,  .iml  in  .1 
'■"ioiini  of  luii  MMv-  lAplorrd  .ill  ihe  trout 
'-li-'iin-'  ind  pii  kca-rl  an  |  Im,-  p,.iid,  within 
rr.K  h  of  .1  i|.i\  's  iniirnrv  from  rnt-ii,  Id,  .M.issa- 
' 'iiisrils.  I  divided  my  lime  for  tun  years 
hnween  lll.n  k-toiie  .md  mv  troiit-iod.  on  the 
ed-e  .md  o\cr  the  line  iietucn  uilderness 
and  -rmi-(  i\  ili/ itioii  .It  Kre>e\ille  in  Clinton 
I'Miniy.  ami.  when  .i  full  ilrdr,.,]  ],iu\er  in 
^il'  I'oinl,  I  had  .i  ri-ht  to  sii,  k  out  mv  -iun 
•1^  "Ally.  .It  l.iu."  ther.'  w.i>  ipiite  often 
•"I'lrd  at  Ihr  lioiiom  .1  I,  mpiir.irv  po-lsi  ript. 
''  1'.  S.  (  lour  I'l-hin-." 

l-'i'Mii  Imir  1(1  limr  I  would  he.ir  a.liout  the 
lie.intirs  111  the  St.  {..iwreme  .ind  its  iiiinv 
island-  in  (  (iniam  I  ion  uith  il-  nneipi  ailed  e\- 
cellem  e  ,as  ,1  hunlini;  uroiind  for  dm  k-.  .md 
its  ;.;re.il  .ilimid.ima-  of  the  r.imie-t  lisli  to  l,e 
foiim!  in  fre-h  u  alrrs.  |  li.id  a  long-time  ,i( - 
'pi.iint.iiK  (•  with  ,1  Mr.  Duiton,  a  noted  iniisie 
deilrr  of  I'liiM.  who  ,is  eaily  as  in  the  later 
tollies,  w.i-  in  the  h.ihit  of  sjiendin.n  a  iiortion 
nt  the  year  with  hi-  son-  li-liin-  on  the  river; 
-o  IliLilly,  in  i,S:;_'.  I  proposed  to  a  liioili(a- 
m-law  visiiina  nir  from  Indian, i.  an  e\(  iirsion 
to  .\lr\  imiri.i  I'l.iy  \i.i  (  )-wri;o.  .\(  aa  irdiimly. 
one  Sepluinher  niorninLi  we  landed  tin  re  from 
the    (jjd    "C.it.irai  t,"   whose    liones    have    Iml 


1 


Anlli"!   I.I     Iwi.   liUfU'srifii.'   Am.  Irs  m  ilii-<  S.mvfnit 


l/>>\     ///I'U.I-'    (,'    .l/li>U/r^    //S///\i:    /   \77  A7/   WA.v 


3/ 


, 


\.\\  l.itrK  (li->,i|iln  in  il  tmiii  lllr  sv.ilcis  iil  the 
luufl'  1j,1\    ,lt    ('l;l\lni;.   ulnTC    ^lle   ll.lcl    i.-niiiVi'il 

I  i\'->t  lor  in.iiiy  yc.ii^  ,ilUf  ■'lu-  c  ci^id  to  Ijc 
,1  ll'i.iliiiL;  ii.i^si.iiL'i.T  lr,in>p'ni.  Ai  ih.it  liiiir 
AlcN.milri.i  lla\'  w.i-'  llu-  Mi(ci  nl  I'l-^liiM  nicii. 
.mil  t!Li\  lull  ,ihc  iuMc|iin,iiicr>  111  ^'I'laix--!  im- 
licr  (  iittinu.  .111.1  nil  Ijualman  fur  li^lici-rdlk 
li.iih'd  t'ldin  iIu'H'  imlil  some  )\-.u^  tluii  .iiur. 
(  )lil  mm  l'rii-.^iiMn  kipi  ilic  (Hilv  (  ai.u'.in^ai  ic 
,it  Alcxinilria  liav,  and  hi--  thru  small  cslali- 
lisliiiuail  nil  llio  ii!(ks  was  liardh  ivn  IumiuI 
unalilL'  tip  ai  1  (i'liiiiiidatc  all  cmiiuis,  IIu- 
cnoniimis  i  ha'.'nc  ul'  ¥i.oo  |ii'|-  d,i\  aUo  m- 
cl'idi'il  siitlicienl  Iuik  li  liir  llir  nnnii-dav  iiiial 
of  liiilli  >|ii)i  i-aiian  and  uuiilr.  lakni  "  al  Ircsco," 
1)11  Mime  o|iiii>riiinr  i-.land;  lli<-  Imid  luriii-.licd 
uMs  Wfll  inTpari-d.  and  llu-  mnrr  dolii  ale  a( - 
rrs'-ions,  iiiiu  (  iin--idcri'd  aliiiust  iin  i'>--ilii"-, 
wa-rc  |irii\  iilnl  under  llic  laialiil  wali  li  nl  tin- 
lii)-.less.  Il  u  Is  ahvavs  iical.  aliiiiidanl  and 
jialatalilc. 

I'lic   boats  of  llial   ila\-  witc   Imt   tlir  i  iikIl- 

|ilototViK's  of  t  lie  [ircsLMlt  e.\l|ll|slU-  olUs,  wllilil 

lia\e  no  sii|iL'riors  on  tiif  j;lol)e  in  toiin.  llnisli 
or  |Ha  lei  1  ail.i|ilaliilit\ .  u  iili  iluai  u  ell-mali  lied 
oars,  (enter  hoards,  (  usiiioned  (  hairs,  and 
other  reiniisites,  superior  in  all  respe<  Is  for 
the  Uses  lo  wliii  li  ihev  are  pul.  'I'heii.  under 
the  I'oniinand  of  ConimiMlore  Ned  i'allerson, 
still  liviiij^  and  still  a  j^iiide  (m  lo;^enarian  sure, 
if  not  cenleii.irian ).  I  eiiiharked  on  nu  I'lisi 
lisliiii^  es(  nrs'.iii  in  a  Imai  iiiaile  of  pine  (noi 
piano  linished),  sharp  al  (.Mill  end,  iml  more 
ill  in  I  (  feel  Ioiil;,  lou -sided,  with  naked 
uiMiileii  lioards,  u  iiliont  Ikk  k-iesis  fill"  seals. 
Loaded  down  aliiiosi  in\ariaM\  mi  the  reiiirn 
I  loiii  a  da\  "s  lisliin;^  wiili  their  human  i  ari;o 
and  i'al(  h  of  lish,  ihe  L:un\\ales  would  lie  |ieril- 
oiislv  near  the  level  of  the  water  of  ihe  ri\ei. 
'The  rememlieied  oaisinen  or  miides  o|  thai 
d  i\  were  old  man  (iiiflin,  Ned  I'allerson, 
Alph  and  'i'oai  I'oiilstoc  k,  the  lasi  named 
liein^  m\  faxoriie,  and  after  nu  first  \isii  iu- 
vaiialilv  nu  ^iiide  unlil  some  time  aflei  Ale\- 
.mdri a  Ha\'  uas  aliandoned  fur  Ckuion  .is  ihe 
nearer  pnini  for  the  mere  desiralilo  lishin..; 
grounds.  Not  knowing;  the  mit lit  best  .idapled 
1  '.he  river  in  lli.'  iiMtlei  of  l"isliin;;-laikle,  and 
lieinij  adv  ised  ihat  the  Imalman   furnisheLl   all 


llial  u  as  lu'i  ess  ir\  in  ih at  1 1  i^  1 1 . 1,  we  look  none 
w  i:  h  Us,  lull  usi'd  ihe  nalivc  tools.  These  u  ere 
I  rude  in  V  er\  (I  1,  the  pohs  were  hoiiie-inade; 
I  lie  lull's  uiue  '  lU^ii  .mil  the  spoi  ui  lor  I  rollini; 
was  lilerilU'  the  liinvl  ot  .\\\  linn  or  ]ieWlel 
spoon  with  a  sinj^U-  lu^ioaise  hook,  lira/ed 
on  ihe  hn\ei  end,  .ind  allaclled  In  tin.-  line 
w  ihoul  sui\el,  ,md  did  not  lolale  lull  simpK 
woMili'd  in  the  w.iler:  li\e  liail  lol  b.lss  was 
not  ihi-n  llioUL;hl  of,  luil  ,i  supply  of  worms 
aiioiiipanied  eai  li  lioal.  Ihe  jliiltons  were 
lliere  uilli  iheir  iiioie  .(rlistii  .ippli.inces,  con- 
sisiiiii;  lit  spooiis  with  suiwls.  and  ot  v.irioiis 
lolors,  .ind  lairU  siuoolii  laid-lines  ,ind  iointed 
liiniliii  rods;  liiit  uiili  all  liuir  laiK  v  ri;j,s  they 
\  erv  seldom  sui  c  (,-o(liil  in  lieatini;  oui'  <  .iti  h 
uilii  the  llolnelie'l  tools.  Rr\.  I  M.  llelluille 
wis  there;  he  was  the  donor  ol  the  Stone 
('hunh  in  llie  \illaL;e,  in  wliieli,  mm  h  to  the 
4r.1l  ilii  .uioii  111  the  n.itises  ,ind  xisitois,  he 
.iUv,i\s  otliiiited  on  Suinl,i\  s  when  in  town, 
lie  u.is  ,1  |i,i>-,  ri,heiin.m  and  Used  a  ll\  as  a 
line,  .\lteu-  le.ivm;,;  I'tii.i  for  New  N'ork  he 
slill  o(  1  .ision.ilU  wMs  111  lie  ni'l  in  llu  se.ison 
,11  his  l.uorile  resort  luriii;;  till-  li.iss  with  tlie 
dehisi\e  llv  diiriiiu  tlu'  week,  and  lemptiiij; 
men  .ind  uomeii  on  Snnd.iys,  li\  ids  powerful 
|iulpil  elo.pieiKf.  to  a  lieller  .md  |iiirer  life, 
riiere  ,md  llieii  I  liist  met  Selli  (lieen,  and 
then  lomnuaK  ed  a  w.iini  trieiidship  wliieli 
ended  onU  with  his  de.illi.  I  le  ne\er  f.iiled 
lol'  \eirs  to  suppls  nie,  "  unsolic  iti'd  (111  my 
p.m."  Willi  ,in  aliimd.itii  e  ol  his  own-mak.'  of 
llies,  lioth  sini;le  and  in  .lA.iu;.;.  .and  «  henever  we 
iiiel  li.'alw.i\s  ),M\e  me  a  le. lined  li'elnre(m 
the  proiiii'ss  in  pis(  .itiu'i.d  s(i,.||i  c  and  ,irl. 
lie'  w.is  ,u  ill, It  lime  and  fm  manv  \  e.Us  the- ■• - 
.ifler  the  oiil\  t'isl,.'r  dueller  on  aiiv  of  the 
lie.iiiliful  iskinds  of  the  Si.  I..iwrenie  .'\r(  lii- 
pel.iL;o.  in.ikini;  llu'  now  renowned  Maiih.itt.m 
Isl.md  his  h.ime  where  his  house  .  lav  slill  lie 
seen,  llioii-h  remodeled  |  see  f rolltispieee].  1  lis 
ini'inm  s  will  lie  "  (Ireeii  "in  the  re('olle(  liim  of 
in.m\  lo  \\  lioui  his  i'\,i  11;  pie  ,111(1  le,i(liin;4s  ;ia\  e 
imp.iiled  .1  lo\e  for  .1  s|ioi'l  .md  pasiinie  (  om- 
pelliiiL;  llu'in  III  ('ommiine  wi'.li  n.iliire  where 
dressed  ill  her  most  eniiciiiL;  ^.irh  .ind  to  drink 
in  ihe  pure  .lir  of  he.u'en.  lie.iriii:.;  lo  llieiii  .1 
he.ilihful    (lire — resloriiiL^  body  and  soul  to  .1 


5« 


A  s,>cr/,x//:  (>/■  /■///■  s/-   /_/ 


//■/,■/  .V(v;  Av/v  /,' 


pcrfcr,  luMhh  an.l  vi,,„,  ,,,,,1  .-..lin,  .„„■  1„,.  k  .  ,v,,.n,   nn.nl.r  „t    v.:u.   :ul,lc.l    ,o  mv    r„ll 

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I'l"'"-'    ""     ''"■    ""ll'l        lll),l>'i-  Ihrir    ,  nv,   ■j,,;M\r  n 


'III  111    and    1  arclcs-, 


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tn  llir  (I   I'll  iii.lrlilaliun  al   lli,'  h,- ,,1  ,,f  |  ,, 

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''""''"■.■'"'"■     '""""""■''^■'■""''■i"^'"  .-l.on,.,„.,-,h,n,l„.„-,.,n,,l,n,a-    ,n,M    n,,,,,,' 

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rtondroiis,    iink'si  iilia 

I 
I  in  liiv'  uaiiT. 


■'iv  :t.-)  Mililiinilv  nt  (livciMlrd  l^lal„l  and  .  II-  ,,|..l,i,,.    1     ,       •  ,    ,  "  '  i<  ■-   "i 

,i,,.|i,,,,  „■„,•.•      '  M-iM'Kii  nijii  au>d.-|Mnin-ainiind  III,-,,,.       |,,,i||||„. 

I        "       ,  '    '■  ,  """■    '    'i'^''    1^11. ,wn    111,.    ,,\,.|-    I    I,  ,^,.  . 

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urn     1     '":'•'■';  ■"\'''^""';'"''";     .""'    ■-     ■•■•  -nmn.day.    Tli,.  ,,.,1,  ,1,..  ,.  7  „,..  ,.,„„. 

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7  '     '      '■•'""'   '■•  '"■ ■"■"■  ""^'"  '"^^-^  "'•^'■'- -'^i"^- ^"^^ ---„„; „. 

7  ;         '        rrT'''-       „  .l-ill,li..v.  an  ,„,... „„andMn,a.s. 

,„77':     '   7    ^-'^   "'■'  ^'"V^'"^   '•'1^'"-'  '-IH'  I''-  — n  „r  ,lu.   ,,000  .land.,s,.a.lv,l.,- 


1       inni),  ,'nt  ,n|,i\  nu'iii  ,,1'  .iilicrs. 


tar  liftii'i-,  I  toiik  in  annu.ilU    1  Inad  of  IumIiI 

"';''.7!'7'r''"7''"'V'"'"'   '""'•  -ninNn.  ,;,   AIAUKI, 

M.nn  liic  lol.ng,  of  yoiiil,  „i  ..jmc  ol    ih.  ,„-  .Syr.,.  „„■,  K-i.rua.y.   ,,>;,^5. 


iiii.  I  i<i..\iii  ('n:\/.A'>  (V  ////:   ///ij/  >.i.\/>  />/..i\/is. 


r.i 


THE  FRENCH  OWNERS  OF  THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 


IT  tn.iy  iiilrrcsl  llu'  ickIct  to  kimu  wlm,  iraI 
ti)  tlir  AliniiniiK's.  were  tlu'  fiisl  (i\mi(.'I> 
(il  uli.il  ulirrc-  known  to  the  I'lencli  a>  "  I.es 
Mil'.es  l^le■^."  .111(1  to  tluir  l!|■iti^ll  (  niii|ikior>, 
.md  to  u>,  .IS  " 'I'lie  'I'lioiis.ind  Islands."  in 
the  .di^ti.ii  ts  lit'  "the  iuMlty  Rolls  "  (Ai  te^  de 
lov  el  IIoinni,i;.;e),  to  be  tound  in  \'ol.  I  \'  ot 
the  (l.ui.idi.in  Ai"<  hixcs  ,it  (  Itt.uv.i,  !■>  a  rei  oiil 
111  the  oii;.;in.il  title  to  ihe^e  i--l,iiids.  uhiili 
then  ((instituted  .1  ^inj^le  ^r.inl  or  "fiet." 
Tlie  (.■ntire  liody  <<(  isl.mds  was  Inst  L;i-.nited  to 
Sieuis  I'lol  de  i  ..ingloisierie  .iiid  I'etit,  in 
1714;  .111(1,  with  some  eiil.irj;eineiits,  w.is  le- 
titanted  to  the  s.niie  p.irties  in  1752-  At'tei- 
the  death  of  the  origin, d  L^r.mtees,  one  hall'  ol 
the  original  fu'f,  that  is  to  -ly,  one-half  of  the 
entire  IhmK  of  isl.ni(U,  w.ts  L;r,iiit(-'(i  to  l.ouis 
Hertel  and  .Sienr  I,.nn.in|iie;  hoili  ol  whom 
took  the  oath  of  fealty,  the  former  .is  the 
widower  of  M.irie  Ilijipolyle  ( 'eleron,  and 
hush.iiiil  III  ."^iis.nine  I'iot  ih;  I  ..ingloisierie: 
and  the  laller,  .is  the  hiisli.ind  of  Marie  Anne 
Tlu'res  I  ("eloron  de  r>l.iinville.  who  was  the 
d.iiiglUer,  .IS  w.is  M.irie  Hi|)|iol\te  Celeron,  of 
Sienr  ("elinm  de  lil.iiiuille.  M'd'lle  I'mt  de 
I.angloisiere,  d  iiightei' iif  the  first  owner. 

'I'lie  other  half  of  the  llcf,  with  its  (.'iiLirge- 
ment,  w. IS  granted  to  ImisI.k  he  l.ouis  [..iinbert 
l)iimont.  who  had  a(i|iiired  tin-  right  of  his 
hrolheis  ,;nd  sisters,  all  lieing  (  liildren  of 
l''.iist.ielie  l.imliert  htimonl  ,1  id  his  wifi' 
Ch.irlotle,  also  a  d. Higher  of  the  lirsl  owner. 
Later  on.  oiie-foiirth  of  the  I'lef  w.is  trans- 
ferred to  Catherine  Cl.uis,  widow  of  Willi. ini 
Clans.  lolin  lohnson  CI. 111s  and  \\.iiri.n 
Clans,  sons  of  Willi, mi  ('laiis;  and  ('.illurine 
Anne  CI  ins  and  ,1  widow  (le.ile.  a  ni.irrieil 
d.iilgliler  of  Willi. un  (l.iiis,  'ind  iKn  her  cliil- 
drni  liv  marri.ige,  took  the  oath  in  relation 
III  Willi. nil  Cl.uis'  |iirt  of  the  luf,  whii  h  he 
h.id   piinhised    from    one   j.uob    lord.;  d 

he  from  Simon  I'r.iser,  who  iinrih.ised  Irom 
l.oiiis  llertel  de  ('h,iiiilil\-,  who  took  llir  o.itli 
for  h.ilf  the  I'lef  in  17.S1.  Another  fonrili  01 
the  ("lef  was  held  .it  this  time  iiy  Jouvier  Doii- 


1  111  L.icroiv,  .is  heir  to  his  lather,  Ilnliert 
l..ur()i\;  .mil  liv  tlu.'  |)iii(  liase  of  the  lights  ..i 
his  brothers  ,111(1  sisters.  Hubert  l.,i(roi\  hid 
recei\'ed  this  part  of  the  fief  ,is  ,1  gift  from 
.M.irie  .\iine  I  lieresa  ('eleron,  the  widow  of 
Sienr  1  .ain.ir(|iie. 

The  William  Cl.iiis  .ibovc  nienlioneil  w.is 
the  son  iif  (,'ol.  h.iniel  Cl.ius.  who  w.is  a 
|iiomiiient  ofll(  er  in  the  War  of  the  l\e\ oliition. 
Hew, Is  the  de|iiit\'  siijierintendent  of  Indi.in 
.ill'iirs,  and  ,U  one  time  was  dejiiitN'  iiiiarter- 
in.islei-general  iiiuler  ('ol.  Il.irry  St.  I.eger. 
on  the  ex|ie(lition  to  I'Urt  St.inwix.  Col, 
CI. ins  spent  a  great  p')rlion  of  liis  lime  during 
the  w.irat  .Montre.il,  but  wasa  freipient  visitor 
■It  Carlton  Island,  and  other  posts  on  hike 
()ntari().  He  w.is  born  in  the  Moli.iwk  \allev, 
and  having  an  intimate  knowledge  ui  tiie  Iro- 
quois language,  he  was  appoinleij  inlerpret(.r 
for  Sir  Willi, 1111  Johnson,  and  accompanied 
him  on  the  e.xpedition  ag.iinst  Oieskaii,  .is  a 
lieiiten.int  of  r.tngers.  He  m.irried  a  d.iugliler 
of  Sir  William  Johnson.  He  became  ,1  (  .ijita''! 
in  i;5i.  and  in  1776  visited  England,  anil  re- 
turiR'd  as  deputy  siiiierintendent  of  Indians, 
with  the  r.mk  of  colonel.  He  died  in  Cardiff, 
Wales,  in  17.S7.  His  wife  died  in  Can. id. 1  in 
i.Soi.  Il  W.IS  he  who  tr.iiislated  the  book  ol 
Common  Prayer  into  tlie  Indian  tongue. 

]\nw  these  grants  were  fin.illv  disjiosed  of, 
the  writi'r  is  un.ible  to  s.iy;  but  at  all  events, 
o'u-half  of  the  original  fief  jiasscd  into  the 
hands  of  the  United  St.ites  after  the  W.ir  of  the 
Revolution,  .ind  were  by  them  sold  to  .Mev- 
ander  M.u  omb.  Whether  the  owners  were  re- 
imbursed by  the  llritisli  go\  einmeiit.  does  not 
.ippe.ir,  nor  does  il  appear  in  wh.it  w.iy  the 
Si.  Regis  Indians  ha\e  .1  (  laiin  ii|ion  tli.it  pari 
of  the  'riioiis.ind  Islands  which  lie  in  ( '.inadian 
w.tters.  ( )ne  thing,  however,  is  cert.iin  ;  il 
those  old  proprietors  (oiild  be  f.uored  to-day 
with  a  bird's-evi'  view  of  their  former  ]iossos- 
sions,  tlie\  would  be  somewhat  astonished  at 
their  appe.ir,ince.  especiallv  willi  the  N'ankee 
half  of  the  original  I'lel;  and,  but  for.i  peculiar 


1'  1 


l>.-> 


,1  s<)/i/:.\/A-  (>/■   till:  >i   i.iwKi..\(.i:  h-ni.K. 


SLiitiiiiciu.ili^iii  wliii  l\   liii  wars  li.i>  |u-i\a(li(l      Iri    n-.    lndk    for   mk  li    iiiiiirnvcmfiiii    ,is    wi 
tin-  Ldiiiiliy  press  (il    I'aii.uLi,  the   '.vliulr   i'kI 


Would  l)c  t()-(l.iv  llic  woaliliicsi  ami  mn^i  at- 
tiaili\i-  MiiiiiiKT  ii'soit  ill  ilif  wiiild,  and 
I'lually  i>  iK'iK'llcial  In  Caiiida  a>  Id  the 
Uiiiti'd  Si.itr^.  \.uv  lliat  the  s,iK-  cil  many  "\ 
tlicislaudb  111  Canadian  waters  lua  bcuii  iiuuk. 


lom^iioiid  witli  tliL-ir  nalntal  l)cautic>.  and 
splendid  situation,  and  (ommcnsiiratc  with 
till-  ma.;nitiidri)t  ilu' j^r and  Canadian  pnniiKc 
in  whii  h  ihcy  arc  hn  lud.  ami  with  thi  ciuTgv 
and   patriotism  oi    her  rdiiicd   and  tultixatid 


:;/"' 


/  > 


.\ 


bllOull.No     1  111.    KAI'lDS. 


THOUSAND  ISLAND  PARK. 


/J^TllIS  p. Ills  srt'ins  tri  Ii.nr  lu'oii  an  mit- 
'  i^H)v\lli  111  ill, II  \va\r  111  i\lii;iiiu->  snui- 
iiKiil  wliii  li  swi'iil  lUii  ilu-  (iiimtiy  .ilioiu 
1S7.I  — till.'  rcNiilt.  in-rli,i]i-s,  111  the  HMtlinn  in 
iiKn\  niiniK  \vlii(  li  iiMi.illy  IoIIiinvs  i^i'c.il 
I'm.inri.il  (lc|irL'ssii)n.  lis  ( iinlcmiiov  iiy  ilc- 
vclii|iiiU'nt->  AW  \i--ililc  at  .\>liiii\  V.wk  ami 
(  )i  i-aii  ( ;i()\c,  two  j^raiul  siiinmcr  resorts  u|iiin 
ihf  ^L■al)ll,lnl  1)1'  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter 
iiiaiiilestatii  111  nf  ihe  ^amc  ^rnllinenl  al  ("liaii- 
taU'|iia.  Ill  W'csirrn  \i'\\  N'urk.  All  of  iIu'm- 
iiiiivriiuait^  tuwaiil-.  siiiniiur  re>i(kiur>  hiue  a 
ili>tiii(  tK  rrliniiiiis  (  harat  ter,  and  were  the 
iiiilL;rowth  III  a  -^im  ere  desire  lo  i^lurily  (Iml, 
and  yet,  in  dniiii;  mi,  lo  make  siiiiiiner  limnes 
where  raiMilio  •  oiild  naeive  the  ln-nefit  ot" 
chair^e  of  sreiie  am!  of  air  ami  llerha|l^  in 
tlu-ir  m. inner  of  lixiiin. 

'I'lie  inanifostaiiiiii  of  this  iin|iiilse  at  'I'hoii- 
siiid  1^1, mil  I'arh  is  due  to  the  elforls  of  Rev. 
|.  !'.  |)asan,  a  well-known  Methodist  miiii--- 
tei,  now  on  the  retired  list.  lie  1  om  I'ived 
the  idea  that  the  Metliodi^i  denomination 
would  1^1. idly  >ii|iiii;rl  such  a  resort,  and  he 
selected  the  soiithwesti'ily  end  of  WelNley 
Island  .IS  the  most  elii;ilile  spot.  'I'lu'  selec- 
tion w.is  judicious,  and  his  eilnils  were  somi 
.ippreciated.  The  luxded  limls  were  in.iinlv 
purcliased  (1,000  acres)  tioiii  ('apt.  Tliidop, 
whose  title  w.is  onh'  the  third  reiiune  from 
the  Stale  iiself.  Success  crowned  the  Associ.i- 
tioiTs  elforls,  ,'-^.'_',ooo  woilli  of  lots  liaxiiiL; 
been  sold  in  a  sin^^lc  Aav.  Men  siruL;i;led  lo 
secure  the  most  desirahlo  sites.  1 1  w.is  iin- 
lortunale  for  the  yoiin};  town,  howeser,  that 
the  extreine  reli,L;ious  element  so  f.ir  pre\.iiled 
th.il  illy-(  oiisidered  restrictions  were  imiiosed 
as    to    enlr.im  c    fee,    etc.,  but    in    time   these 


]H'(  illiar  \'iews  ha\e  ^iveii  w,i\-  lo  more  liber, il 
ide.is.  To  this  ij.iy,  liuwesei.  no  ste.imei  is 
.illowed  to  hind  ,il  their  dock  on  the  l^.ibb.ith, 
the  present  iiKiiiai^einent  adhermj^  to  ihe 
ori^in.ll  pi. in  th.il  the  Sabb.ith  should  be  not 
only  ,1  di\y  of  rest  but  of  relii4ious  observam  e. 
rile  'I'hoiis.iml  Isl, 111(1  I'. irk  is  now.  as  it  u.is 
,it  the  be^inniiii;.  .1  place  where  .1  man  c.in 
le.i\e  his  wife  and  1  liildreii  and  feel  sure  that 
thev  will  not  be  exposed  to  any  h.nniful  intlu- 
ein  e  ol'  ,iii\  nature  —  ,1  |ilace  where  "the 
,issis>ins  of  soc  iet\' "  would  have  no  iniUice- 
meni  wh, never  to  come. 

The  sitii.ition  of  the  park  is  superior.  U.ii  k 
from  ilu>  river-front  phite.iu  rises  a  101  k\ 
mound,  nearlv  joo  feet  in  lleij;lit.  whiih 
afforded  ,1  perm.inenl  and  accessible  loc.ility 
for  .1  w.iter  reservoir  u  ilh  pressure  enoiij;li  to 
rtood  the  liinhesi  buildings.  The  soil  is  pro- 
ductive, resting  upon  the  moraine  of  this 
rej;ion,  the  result  of  glacial  action,  '{'he 
second-growth  of  timbi  r  is  mainh  oak  .ind 
elm,  rem.irk.ibly  straiL,lu  and  vigorous,  and 
the  lot-owners  .ire  only  called  upon  to  dei  idi' 
wli.it  tree  should  be  felled,  and  not  uliat  ihey 
should  pi, ml.  It  is  dilficiilt  to  ioiicei\e  of  .i 
liner  loi  .ition.  With  man's  inteMij^eiit  su|ier- 
vision  the'  pi. ice  may  be  made  the  most  de- 
liuhlful  in  .\merica.  (  Hher  resoris  have  the 
oce.in,  with  its  driftin;j;  sands,  its  fo^s.  its 
storms  — ■  this  ii.irk  lias  the  j;reat  St.  Law- 
rence, whose  w, Iters  come  sweepini;  down 
from  the  f.ir  Xorlhwi'st,  pure  as  the  iiiellii\i,' 
snow  can  make  them,  fresh  .is  the  bre.ilh  of 
sprinu,  ]il.icid  as  Nature  itself.  To  live  in 
siK  h  ,1  spot  is  a  benediction  for  man;  there 
he  forL;ets  his  i  ares,  and  j;rows  into  a  life  of 
conieniment  and  thankfulness. 


N 


V 


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^'4 


./  sdrr/.y//:  -7    /■///■;  .v/-  /  i u/:/  \rr  Air/:/:. 


\i  ilic    riioii,  i;i,l  Ul  iii,| ,  ihn,'   N  ,1  in-ii  i'|i-  I'll!'  .11  i-iii,il    II  ii^ii'r-,  wiMc  :     i 'hnic  ril.  m    !■',. 

Ill>li'    "ilol     111    n/.iiir   in     llir    .11 IIH  is|  liuMr.        \\\  \>      lli\.|l.     1  ».     i).     ru-,lilriit   ;     Will, lid      I  \  i-, 

>  Miir  il    IS  cillL'd  .1  "  >!il|ili,iriiii-,,"  liv  iiilici  >   .1  \i.  .    rn-.ic|i'iii  ;    (',i|.     MliiTl    I  1.    Sli.iu,    fdliii 

I'l^liy  s'lvll.      l!i|l  tli.ic  i>  .1  (lillrn'iii  c.     I)/. mo  I'     M.illiil.     |      I.     h,i\.iii,    I'.     ( '.   I'urli'^,     Iv 

IS  (it  Um'Ii  .111   I'lur-.'iM    I'iu'iiiii  ,il  .ij;L'ni,      li  i^  l\riiiiii-i,in,     ll.iii.     |,iiiU'->     IdIiiismii.     \|      I ). 

,1  |iri'>.-r\.iti\  f,  II. !i  .1  |i  iiiihin^  inllnriu  r.      In  Kiiin.\. 

tins  it   ililliM-.  wiiIl'U   I  iiHn  .iw-cii.  till'  pi  111!  I-  Ml.    I>i\i'i    .  .intiniicil    .1    hu'ihIk-i     uI     the 

pli'  in  till'   .iir  wlij.  li    .i^>i->N  in  iln  ,iy.       Tliiio  lui.uil   .nul   .i-,  ^n  iii.ii  v  .iml   ^niciil  ni,in,ij;i'r 

sffin^  tM  1)1'   .1    i\,i>jii    lor   tiu'   jiflirl    tli.it    llu'  until    i.S.Si.       (.'Ii.iiu  (.■llm-    Il.i\cn    ii'-.ij;iicil    in 

lu'iu-liii.il  rlf '1  i~,  |ir.  jiliiiiij  ii|).  in  III  inv  iiiv  ili.i>  1  .SS  1 ,  h  ivini:  'u'lii    in  idi'    nnr   nt    tlic    !!l-.llll|l^ 

lidin  ,1  rciidiiic  r  .iiii.iiij;  till.- 'riiiiUi.ind  Isl.iiuU  o\    the  >  iiun  li  ,ii  ilif  pici  i-iiiiiL;   (iriui.il  (.'dii- 


(."^yiitSw^^ 


\     11.  .  I  I  I      \  I      I  l|.  .1    -  \  \1  .     1    I    \  M  .    I   \l;K 


or    upon    tin'   s(■,l-^llon■.   is  dnc   lirurh   to  tlu-  l.'r.Mirc.      II"    w  i-.    sii.  irr  led    hv    Kcw    I.    S. 

o/niii.'  di^ci'rmlili'  in  tlios-  ioc   ililir^..  I'>in.;'i  I'n.    I  ).     |)..    who,    in    i.'sX;,    'j^.wr    pl.n  c 

.\n  iii.lii  Uion  of  !h' pro.;ri's..i\  !■  suirit  ol  till-  toR.  \.M.    h.    Kmiii\,    \    M.nho   h.id    Ihcii 

pirk  i>  till' Tliousinil   Isl.inil   //,■>  1/  i.  .i  \yi-i-k\\  ,1  ni'iii' ."r  of   tli.'    Ii  urd    of  inistrrs  from    the 

nevv-^pip'i-    pnlilish.'d    tlwrr.   .iliK     condn'ird.  fii^l.      I '  n  Irr  hi^  rmruiiii    iii,in.i;.^rmciit  main 

of  which   y.    V.  ()tis   i-,  cdiior,  .ind    Kov.  W'll-  iniprovrm.'iit^  wrrr  prrl.i  tni.  :md  ilicrc  came 

li  nil  S'.uh'.   in.in.im'r.  .1    inTio.l    of    d.Tidfd    growth.       I  Ir  1  oiil  innid 

riij  on'.;iii  U  r.ipit.il   of  thr  A^sociitioii  w.is  ,is    l'ri',i  1   iii    for    s,.\in    vcars.   .md    the    r.iik 

I'lN'-d  at  S!i  ^.ooo.  (if  whirli   ^7,  loo  w.is  p aid  in  owr^    nri.  li    'o    hi>    in  ina'.;i-iiH'nl,    and    to    the 

iish.      <)n    Iinuirs'    iiih,  1.S76,  thr   indi'liicd-  f  u  t  lli.ii  he  li,i>  Ihh  n  of  tln.iiii  i.il  aid  at  in. m\' 

iv'ss   (if  til',,'    A^soci.ition    \vi~    >;.!  |,6  (7.  .S I    and  lini'^. 

th"  assets  >!;7.po.i)p       '  h  ■  1  ipit  il  w.is  .iflor-  I'n  ■  pic-M-ni  tnisti'cs  ,irr  :    (iiMir.^c  I'.   I'olts, 

w.irds  in'r(M-.-'il  to  >!;o.ooo.  rro^idi'iit  ;     ('h'oil:o    ('.    Siwyci,    \'ii  c- Prcsi- 


t 


If 


/■//.'''  s  /.\7'  /^i..L\n  /'.ia'a: 


^'=; 


drill  ;    l>r.  A.  \\  .  <  i'liid.iK',  'I'rciMiii-i  ;    Waltrr  (  cli'lnjlid  |irf.ii  Ihts  in  tlir  I'nilid  Si.iii^  .iiid 

lii'invii,    .\-.M^l.mi     I'lcuiiii  I  ;     W.    k.    litili,  Ciii.id.i,  ,ind    ilio    K'lMii.ition    nf    tin:    I'.iik    in 

Sr(ii-I,ii\.      l'rii^lrL->  :   (ifiii-r  r.   lull-,,  K  (1,  ilii^    ^(■^li^(■l     li.is    liiiii    .idniir.diK    Misijiiicd. 

Wrck^,  Cii''  r^r  ('.  S  nv\tT.  W.  I\ ,   I  iii  h,  W,d-  \\r\ .    \U.     \.     I..    C.    S.iuNcr,    cdiioi-    <ii     llic 

IT     llrnun,     |)i,    A.    \V.    (inidilr,    j.iinr^     \'  N'miiIhth    (lili-li.iM    AdviK.iic.    dclivc'i  r,|    tuo 

I.LWN,    M.    I\.    1,1,1'cvii.-,    A.    (liirnLi'.       Rev.  SLiinun^  tlijii-  mi  J  uly  .•_•.  1S94,  lli.il  \Mir  llif 


\ 


-^Ci^ 


MM      I    \  I  I     .11  \l;l  I  ■.    I   ki  is^\Iii\, 
The  l-n~,i  Sic ki    II  .|c1  ke<-|nr   ii|...ii  ih,.  si.   l.awniiCLV 


Win.  Scarlos.  I).  1)..  is  din-c  tor  of  the   Talicr- 
nacle  .SLTNircs. 

l''rom  tht,'  viTy  fiisi  the  dcsimi  ol  tlie  Asso- 
riation  lias  Ik-cii  to  sc(  iirc  the  licst  native 
talent  for  lelij^ioii..  services,  and  ako  hriiviii" 


most  linislied  and  siirrini^  tlie  writer  lias  ever 
listened  to.  'I'he  inlliienees  that  lia\e  gone 
out  from  tliat  'ral.eniaele  have  been  jiccii- 
liarly  inspiriiig  and  nolde,  .iiiil  its  services 
lave  done  much  to  popiilari/e  the  Park.    The 


"•"•"  •>l>n'^"l  .ncn  of  estahh^hed  reputation  auditorium  has  a  rntural  sKipe,  tlie  acoustics 
•""  ^'  "l"v.  In  this  uay  the  nohle  Tal,er-  are  a.lmnahle.  and  the  si.ht  most  uni.pie  an.l 
n.irU.  has  had  u.uler  ,ts  roof  s,mie  of  tlie  most       interesting  when   tlie  vast   phu  e   is   filled   with 


f 


r/, 


.1   S(U   l/.\/U    ('/      ////     s/-.   /    III  A'/.Vi/     lail  R. 


the  sc.i  of  U|ituiiii'<l  I'.ii  IS  I  iiiilruiiliii^  ill!' 
speaker.  SitiMled  in  :i  I'lnr  j^iowili  <il  n.ik, 
with  great  nirtains  ,it  tlic  side-.,  ulm  h  cm  lir 
raised  nr  Idwcr'd  .is  ile^ireil,  liie  iJcoiile  .ire 
liruiinlil  l.u  e  t'l  I. II  e  witli  n.iture,  whtiire  tlie\ 
,ire  iiis[iired  to  look  ii|i  to  ii.iliire's  (iml. 

It  siiuiild  iiDt  lie  lnrj;iitlen  tli.u  ilie  I'ark  as 
well  as  the  Isl.imis  pirt.ike  dl  .m  inlernatiniKii 
(  h.irai  ter  to  a  j^rent  f\tt  nt.  .iiid  tlic  I  nioii 
J.ii  k  lio.ils  in  (lose  |iro\imity  to  our  own  be- 
loved Stars  and  Stripes,  and  th.it  pravirs 
ascend  for  the  nohle  (^iieen  iVoin  tlu'  s.inie 
desk  as  the  petition  for  our  honored  Presi- 
dent. 

The  iiopu!  ition  of  'riious.md  Isl.md  I'.irk  is 
somewhat  of  .1  llo.itini;  nue.  .is  rif;:inls  its  pcv- 
inanenre,  hut  there  can  he  no  dnulit  as  to  its 
pre-eminent  respectability.  It  ninnluis  Soo 
to  0,000  souls,  Inih'ed  tile  (inl\  01  (  ismn  lor 
fr. ir  in  these  established  popiil.ir  resents  is 
that  they  may  bi'eonie  e\(  lnsi\rly  the  suiii- 
iner  .iliodes  of  the  rich  alone.  .\l  this  pl.K  e. 
however,  there  .ire  ample  .k cominod.uions 
lor  ])eople  of  everv  ( l.i^s  in  jioint  of  ma- 
leii.il  wealth,  the  hotel  (  harues  hein^  iiji.'voo 
per  day  for  the  best.  .Si. 00  pir  d.iv  for  .1 
eiieapcr    but    really    toinfortable    plaee,    and 


liD.ird  in  priv.ile  coti.ij^es  .\\  even  less  r.ites. 
Il  Is  pre-eiiiinenll V  a  diinoii.iiii  jiLiee,  and 
friendliness  is  (  ullivaled  .1-  nut  .111  .iltouethi  1 
obscilete  senlinienl.  'I  he  inisiees  .iiul  dllneis 
,ire  I  .Ip.llih'  null,  (  iiliipi  isid  (pf  peison^  who 
h.iM'  iii.ide  their  w.iy  Imin  sm.ill  he^iiininj^s 
•  mil  h.i\  I' alw,i\  s  been  in  synip.ithy  with  pl.iiii 
.ind  hoiile-hke  lilelhods.  The  (  olt.lges  ,iie 
nilineldlis,  all  dt  them  .ill  r.u  ti\  e.  snlile  be, III- 
tilul.  We  j;i\e  views  of  the  Hew  hotel  wliiih 
repl.ii  es  the  one  burned  in  iSiji,  ind  snine  ol 
the  iiiiue  elen.ml  stnic  lures.  .\  I  rM\  ehr  upon 
.in\  ol  the  sit'. liners  whiili  thread  their  w.i\' 
.iiikiiil;  the  isl.iiids  will  cibseiAc  th.it  nidic  j.cd- 
ple  );el  dii  .iiid  d||  .i|  'rhdiis.iiul  Isl.ind  I'.iik 
ih.in.ill  till'  diher  results  put  td^ethei.  The 
pidlled  L;rdUiid  Idr  1  oIKiues  ik  c  iipies  aliiuit 
100  .icres.  I  he  \ssdi  i.ilion  h.is  sdM  nil  ."oo 
ai  res  fdi-  Liriniiii;.  ainl  abdiit  7.  f>  .u  res  ;iie 
left,  ile\  died  lo  d,iir\  illi;. 

I  he  IHimpill;;  engines  df  llie  Assoiiatioli. 
ihiil  system  dl  se\vera;.;e,  w.iter  siijiph  aliil 
eleillii  liglils  ,lle  silperiiU"  .ind  line\(  t  llecl. 
Their  iKiMiiid  phiiit  ;md  the  be.iiitifiil  ni.i- 
I  hiner\  ther.-  (df  ihe  Wateiidwn  Ste.im  I'.u- 
;.;ine  ('dlnp.ill))  .lie  liiddels  nl  liii(  li.ili  i<  .il 
skill.  J.  .\.   II. 


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Sciences 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER  N.Y    14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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////    rA'i>S.S.}/i>.\    //('/  >7    .;.\7'  //>  /('/  .\7'/;A' 


r/),- 


THr  CROSSMON   HOUSE  AND  ITS  FOUNDER. 

IN  >iirakinL;(il'  M  r.  (  'il  \kl  i:>  ('ko^>\iMN.  \vlin-,c  success  as  a  li<)lcl-kcc|HT.  and  Ict'l  an  indclililc 
|Mirnail  is  shown  (111  |M^c  (15.  nc(  cssilalcs  a:i  nn|ir(ss  ii|iiin  llic  I'.ay  lliat  will  imi  lie  sonn 
c\!(1m1c.1  iHilii  c  (il  liis  lidUM',  now  one  ol'  the  loruolien,  and  (an  ne\(a  l>e  allomllier  ellai  cd. 
Iinest  on  the  livei,  and  aMv  ni  n)ai;ed  iiy  his  lie  was  Ikhii  hi  Waleilown.  N.  \'.,  .uu\  liad 
son,  thon^h  Mis.  (  'KOss\h.\,  Sl^'.,  is  vet  alile  to  Imt  few  advantages  in  his  \onlh,  his  ednc  alion 
]„.  .|1„,,|,  ,111,1  lo  -ixe  jrrneral  snperv  ision  ol'  havin-  lu'iai  i  onlinecl  to  the  ((innnon  scliool. 
nun  h  of  the  inner  woikint;suf  the  estaMisli-  T  nhn  k;ly  for  him,  and  i-ertainK  an  nnin'oinis- 
ii,i^.„(_  iiiL;   he,i;inninL;   of   a    Inisiness    lite    whn  li    has 

pr,  i\ en  s{i  successf  nl,  he  was  oiU' 
ol'  the  \  oinii^stiTs  «  ho  weie  se- 
duced into  that  "  I'ati'iot  "  ainiv 
that  undertook,  in  i.S^;,  lo  in- 
\ade  Canada  and  ledrcss  the 
"  wroni^s  "  which  a  \r\v  ("an- 
adian  inah  ontenis  liad  nlow- 
innlv  depicted  in  "I  lunter  " 
lodges  and  elsewln  li'.  ('loiss- 
MiiN  was  one  iif  ihose  who  wi'ie 
"  looped  up  "in  th  ■  old  u  ind- 
inill  lii'low  rrescoll.  and  who 
1  onrai^eousK  letu^ed  to  desert 
\'on  S(h  on  1 1/,  their  leader,  u  hen 
j'ri'sion  Kin;4  came  at  ni;.;lil 
u  ilh  the  "  Paul  l'r\  "  and  ot- 
ereil  to  I  arr\'  thian  a wa\  lo  the 
Anicrii  an  shore.  He  was  about 
tuentv  xcarsof  auoat  that  lime, 
and  on  ace  c  lunt  of  his  south 
N  was  tlnallv  pardoned  1)\'  the 
llriiish  authoni  ies,  ami  released 
^■'  alter  .in  anxious  ami  scune\\hat 
|irotr,ic  led  iinprisomnent  in  I'drt 
llenrx  .it  Kin;;ston,  frcun  whii  h 
sever, il  of  these  "  patriots  " 
('iixkii's  ("101 — Mci\  came  to  Alesandri.i  were  marched  to  a  felon's  dc.itli  iipcut  the 
l'>,l\-  in    iNpi,  and    none   of   the   ener;.^elic    iiicai       scalTold. 

u  ho  ha\  e  liei  ciuh    sf)  piduiimait  in  that  loc  aliu  I  le  1  cunniem cd  liolel-kee|iin|4  in  an  liiimMe 

li.is  dcuie  iiuu'e  (,ind  \  cu  \  lew  ,is  much;  to  \*a\  .it  the  llav  in  1  N-jS,  succeedilij;  his  f.ither- 
lirim;  into  piomiiiem  e  thai  nmsl  desei  viu:;  .iml  ind.iw  in  .1  small  countrv  t.u'ern  .ui.ipted  to 
popiil.ii"  siimmei'  ic  sort  than  Mr.  ('uos^\iii\,  the  wants  f)f  th;it  e.iiK  d.i\.  I'here  wci'e. 
Without  ,in\'  spec  iai  inlliiem  c  to  .lid  him,  and  howcs  er,  e\  en  then  some  \i  si  tors  to  the  islands 
without  am  capital  s.ive  his  o\\n  iiL;ht  hand  and  ri\cuin  puisuii  ol  lish  and  rest.  Amonc; 
and  the-  clear  head  to  l;omuii  il,  ,iided  liv  cuic'  the  distinguished  men  who  made  the  old 
of  the-  most  c  .ip.ihje  .md  indnsi  rioiis  wi\'es  ihe  "  Cnissmon  "  famous  were  William  II.  Sew  .ird, 
ccumtrv  has  ever  known,  he  irrew   into  a  ureal       William  !,.  M.irc  \,  .\1  irtin  \'.in  I'lMicn  and  iiis 


"    I  III      c    |:(  ,s,\l..N     |\      |s  |S. 


(\G,/ 


A  S(uvi:.\/R  ('/■■  I  III:  ST.  i.iwRnXt'K  A'lri:^'. 


.,>„    luhn,  Siln.  Wiiulit,  iM-.ink    llLiir.    I'lv.!,.,,  'rii.- do.-L-i-.'  Iinv   i.   tlir   inosl    cmipKtc  nn.l 

Kill-.     K,V.   l>r.   r.rlllUnr.  (•..•lUM.llDl.   kT.INlnr,  rXhUMVr   ,  ,|       ,my..„thr     liNVr.          11U'    snHH.tl,, 

llu-  liiv,  kmria^rs,  ,in.i    ininv    nllirr,   r.|ii:illv  nrw  pbnkin.:;   iinilr.   ll>c   ,L;iirMs  In  r  :i  i.minc- 

ili-^lin-iii^liril.  i'"l''- 

\s  tin-  ti.lr  of  plrasniv  tnnrl  srt  in  tou.n.l  Al  ni.^ht  -  Tl,r  ( ■msMnon."  in  .Icms  nnd  ..ul. 

lluSt.   I.:nv,vn.v,,n,l  lis  i.l,>n,l^,"ThM  ■,-,,..-  |,rcsrnts  a  srono   nl    l,rill,an<-v.      Rnw.  nt  r„l- 

,n,,n"   wa.,   rnan   tnnr   m  tin,.-,  rnla,-r.l.  an,l  oiv,l    liglils    illnmiiu-  tlir  v,  ran.las,  and   slunr 

r,n  illv  the  liivsonl    nKmnifirrnl  Imtd  ua-,  luiill  Iroin    its   manv  towns,  .lu.ldinfi   a   wcaltli    of 

nnthVsiu.  of  it.carlir.i  |.,v,l,T,.SM„-.      Intl,.  .  nl„r    u|.„n    the    water.     The   d,aw,n,^-,noms 

new  stPM  tutv  eveivthin^  thai   is  desirable  in  a  are  filled  uilh  .miest.    en-a-ed    m    so,  lai    |,as- 

lirsl^elas.   iH.lel  has  Keen   piuvided  t,,|-,  an.l  in  times,  and    all    al.ont    the    |,la.  e   there  is   li^lit 

ilsmanaLieinentevervfauliiyi.  furnished,  an. 1  an.l    life    an.l    .uaNetv.       Th.'    arrival    ot     ihe 

the    fnlh-st    .ittentinn    -iv,  n  t.,  th.'  wishes    an.l  steamers  at  evenin-  is  .clehrate.l  by  a  display 

re.iuirenunt,  n\    its   -m.ts.      Its  r,,..ms  .ir.'  all  ..f  nrew..rks  in  fn.nl    .,f   the  h.,t.O  an.l   .-n   the 

pleasanllv  silnated.  allnr.bn-  eharniin-  views  nei-hb.irin-    islan.ls,  makin-   a    pi.iur.'    m.le- 

,){    the  nei'diborini;  s.  en.rv.      There  ai.'  sidles  -,.  ribal)lv  beaulilul. 

for  fa.nili(-s,  with  ^Hval.'    balh-r.M,ms   an.l   all  In  speakin.u  thus  .Men.l.'.llv  of  -  The  ( :r..ss- 

.onv.-ni.aiees,  b.^shhs  sinj.^   an.l    .•..nnerim.^  in.,n."    w   hav    r.'.ally    been    illusiratin;^    the 

r„..ms   in    eNvrv   part    ..f  llie   h.n.s..,  all    han.l-  sne.essfnl    eftorts    of    Mr.  Cuo-mon  hims.dt. 

s.mielv  furnished.       VUr  ,levat,.r  is  in  ..pera-  for  his  hotel  was  his  lif.-,  and   upon    it  he  lav- 

tion   .amstantlv,  an.l   the  stairwavs  are  l.r.),i.l  ishe.l    all    his    energy,    an.l    it    rewarded     liis 

•in.l  easy.     There   are   spa.  i..iis   an.l  .■l.-antlv  lu.n.'sl  faith.      No  trouble  was  too  -real  t.ir  a 

fnrnishe.l  drawin-i.)..m.,  wid.'   .  orri.l.n->  an.l  -iiesl;   ihe  si.k  had  all  the  .are  i.ossible  it    by 

bn.ad  veran.las.  and,  from   ihe   latt.r.    nne   ..1  rhan..'  ihev  fell    ill   then-,  an.l    the    r.^sull  wi.s 

Ihe   most   d.'liuhlful    views  t.,  b-.toun.!  in  this  that    every    -uesl    be.ame    a    pM'sonal    trien.l. 

entire  re^don  mav  be  ha.l.      'i'he  main  .linin--  In  that  wav   •' The  <  ■r.Ksm.m  '■    has  en|..v.'.l    a 

ro,,m  is  .m  llu-   river    si.le  .,f   tlu'   house.      Its  -tea.ly  relurn  ..f  its  .,ld  palr.u,s  year   by  year. 

,:,bles  are   b.rni.he.l   with   . a.stlv  .hina.  silver  In.le.M  <me  patr..n  has  spent   tiiirty-ei^ht  .-on- 

:,nd   .nt   -lass  and    ihe  finest    linen,  an.l  sup-  Mvnlivelv  r.Murring  summers  there. 

,,|i„l  with  Ihe  rarest  fruits  an.l  .lelira<i.-s.     Its  IV  rs<,nally    Mr.  Ck.^s-mon  was  unassuming, 

servue  is  uneN.elh'.l.    A  pleasant  dinin-r.„,m  .'arnest  in  his  frien.lships,  steadfast  ,n  his  i,ur- 

is  pr.,vi,le.l  tor  ehihlren   in   rhar.e  ..f   nur.,.s,  p.,s..s,  an.l  h.yal  to  all  tlu.se  who  ai.le.l  t..  .1.- 

■|-heimp..rtan.e.,f  i.r..vi,l,i,t^sp..ial.-..mf..rts  velop  Alexandria    l!ay.      in   the   midst   .U    his 

•mil  amusements  f.H- the  .hil.lren  is  ree.i-ni/.d  .-..mplete     sue,  ess     he    was     .ailed     awav    \n 

in   and    about  this   establishm.'nt.      There  are  an..tlur  .  .uintrv.  l.'avint;  a  name  unbleinishe,l, 

ae,  .,mm...lati.,ns  l..r  nurses  in  llu  ir  .are  of  the  an.l  a  nu  inorv  sweet  and   -ratelul. 

little  .m.s   and   opiM.rinnitu's    bu"   wh,)les,mie  The  ehler  Ck..ssm<.N   having  die.l    m   i.S,,.. 

sports  are  at  hand.  M'-  <■"  ^'<"-  ^^'^  ("k'^ssmon  su.reeds  the  l.rm 

"The  Cn.ssm,u,-s"  surroun.lin^s  are  alt.a.-  o(  Crossm.m  ^  S.,n,  whose  management  ly.s 

„ve      l.'.very.revi.v  of  the  immense  r.„ku,.on  ma.le  this  hotel    uote.l    thr.,ugh..ut    the  worl.l 

wlueh  its  river  si.le  r.sts  is  a,lorne,l  with  a  be.l  and  the  fav.uite  h.ad.piarters  in  later  .lays  of 

of   (lowers  .,r   a   sm.all   shrub.      On   th..   >treet  su.  h  men  as  i'r.si,l,.nl  Arthnr,  C.en.  Sheri.l.an, 

si.l,.    are    ..raveK..l    walks    an.l   .Inves,    an.l   a  Car.linal  M^CIosky,  Herbert  Spe...  er,  ( 'harles 

,inu!ar   piat    b.r   ou,.,lo.,r    .ame..   with    ea-v  I)u,ll.-v  W.irner.  11,  K.  Reinharl,  WilK 'arleLm, 

l,..„,.hes    pro,,.,  t.-.l    bv  a    .  an,.pv.      Stivt,  hing  ami  other  n..tabl..s.  wli.-se  sp..ken  an.l  written 

...stw.r.l   from   th,.   h.U.l  ,s  CrosMnon's  I'oinl.  l,iais,.s  have  a.l.le.l   greatly  to   the   popularity 

with    its   br.Ki.l.    lev.-l    lawn,    bor.Kr,  .1    by  ih,'  ..f  the  islan.ls  and  this  line  hotel,  whieh  keeps 

do.  ks  ami  lan.lings  tor  steamboats  an.l  skiffs.  pa.;e  with  progress. 


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UK.    Al)li|>'iN    Wli.lil     I.I  OliAI.K. 


SOME  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


DR.    ADDISON    WIGHT    GOODALE, 

l'iii:iiici;il  AkliU  i>I  the  'riimisaiul  Khiiul  I'aik  Asvh  ialimi, 

X'^AS  the  sonof  Ruggksaml  lictscy  Wiglu  1S55    he   bej^aii    to   study  medicine  with    Dr. 

NV      Cloodale,  who  settled  at  an  early  day  Ahell,  at   Antwerp,  afterwards  graduating  at 

in  Fowler,  St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.,  where  the    All)any    Medical    College    as    an    M.    I). 

the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born,  August  17,  'I'liis  was  in  1S5X,  anil  in  that  year  he  married 

1.S31.     His  early  education  was   in  the  com-  Miss   Helen  Jane    I'owler,  daughter  of  Lester 

nion  schools   of   that   primitive   period,   until  and  Dollie    I'"owler,  of  Antwerp,     hi  iSsS,  he 

1S51.      He   afterwards  attended   the  Ciouver-  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  town  of 

neur  Wesleyan   Seminary  for  two  years.      In  Rutland,    following    those    older    men,    Drs. 


;o 


,/  soc i-/:.\/R  ,)/•■  /■///:  s/\  /.iirA'/:\r/r  Avr/u. 


MuiiMin,  Smilh  and  S|ic;i(  ..t.  lie  u.is  in 
piTU-li'T  lIuTi.'  when  the  Ki'hcllinii  showed  its 
liorrid  Iniiit,  and  when  the  lolh  Heavy  Artil- 
lery was  I'eermted,  he  jciined  il  as  assistant 
siifj;ei)n.  lie  served  with  that  line  body  of 
troops  III, III  their  final  niuster-oiit  in  July, 
1865,  proviiiL;  liiiuself  an  aMe,  iiuliistricjiis, 
and  conscientious  oftlcer.  |  l''or  mii-ter-aiit 
rolls  of  the  oflicers  of  this  l,irL;e  and  gallant 
regiment,  see  p.  75  of  Ilaildock's  History  of 
Jelferson  C'oiinty.J 

Mis  protracted  absence  in  the  army  had 
largely  depleted  his  practii  e,  and  when  he 
was  mustered  out  he  removed  his  I'amily  to 
Watertown,  where  he  remained  until  1X67, 
and  then  accepted  a  position  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  i'luenix  Mutual  Lite  In- 
surance Co.,  at  Hartford,  Conn.  The  Doctor 
became  a  trusted  and  important  oflicor  in 
that  company,  particularly  in  setlUng  claims. 
'I'his  relation  with  that  leading  con)[)any  (  on- 
tinued  until  18S5,  when  he  returned  to  Water- 
town.  He  has  since  been  engagec'  in  Ijankiiig 
in  .South  Dakota,  now  being  president  of  a 
bank  there.  He  is  a  large  land-owner  in  the 
West  and  in  Jefferson  county,  'i'hough  edu- 
cated as  a  physician,  he  may  a]ipro]>riatelv  be 
classed  as  a  farmer,  Hut  the  only  thing  the 
writer  has   ever  heard  him  allude   to   in  any 


^P'lii  "I  pride  or  emul.ition  was  in  (  (iiine(  tion 
with  his  service  as  a  school  te.u  her,  he  ha\  ing 
taught  eight  seasons,  and  there  are  hiindrecU 
ol  nun  and  women  now  in  ai  ti\e  life  who  (an 
look  back  to  Dr.  (ioodale's  advice  and  in- 
struction for  the  st.irting  point  in  their  en- 
deavors to  live  useful  lives. 

In  iS.Sj,  Dr.  Cood.iK'  was  elected  one  of 
the  dire(  tors  of  the  'riioUsand  Island  P. irk 
Association,  .ind  is  now  the  treasurer  and 
chiel  linancial  olticer  of  that  important  organi- 
/aiicni,  wliicdi  is  s[iokeii  of  elsewhere  in  this 
History.  The  exacting  duties  of  this  po.silion, 
together  with  his  own  private  business,  now 
take  up  all  his  time,  leaving  him  no  leisure 
lor  the  ])ractice  of  his  jirofession. 

The  Doctor  is  a  large  man,  nearly  six  feet 
t.ill.  of  pleasant  face  and  agreeable  speech  — 
companionable  and  iViendly  —  iin  iting  c onli- 
dence  by  his  open  counteii.'.nce  and  pleasant 
ways.  Springing  from  "the  ]ilain  people," 
he  is  pre-eminently  democratic,  easily  ap- 
])roached,  an  honored  citizen,  because  an 
honorable  one.  He  is  yet  in  the  prime  of 
life,  although  he  is  one  of  those  who  passed 
through  our  great  war  after  he  had  come  fully 
to  man's  estate.  His  excellent  wife  shares  his 
prosperity,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  see  them 
together. 


REV.  JOHN  FER 

\(^S\1''.DL  known  as  a  distinguished  minister  in 
>'>/  the  Methodist  l">piscopal  church,  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Lyme,  jelferson  count v,  X. 
v.,  January  23,  18  re;.  His  father  was  Dr.  John 
Dayan,  a  distinguished  physician,  who  came 
from  I.owville,  where  he  was  educated  and  stud- 
ied medicine  with  Dr.  I'erry.alsoadistingiiished 
surgeon  in  his  day.  Soon  after  obtaining  his 
degree.  Dr.  John  Dayan  married  I'ollv  Henrv, 
of  I.owville,  X.  v.,  whose  father  was  a  cap- 
tain in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  among 
the  earlic'st  settlers  of  Lewis  countv.  The 
doctor  emigrated  to  the  town  of  Lyme,  where 
he  commenced  the  ])ractice  of  his  profession, 
and  continued  it  until  his  death  by  accidental 
drowning  in  July.  1835,  in  his  43nd  vcvir. 


DINAND  DAYAN, 

The  Dayan  family  trace  their  descent  from 
a  prominent  .Austrian  family,  in  which  were 
three  celebrated  military  gener.ils,  the  last  of 
whom  was  that  fie'd  marshal  who  was  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  all  the  armies  under  Maria 
Theresa,  in  her  seven  years'  war  against  f'red- 
erick  the  (Ireat.  The  family  was  originally 
of  Cierman  origin  — a  town  bearing  the  name 
of  I  )aun  still  existing  in  that  country.  .About  a 
hundred  years  ago  the  name  was  Anieric,ini/ed 
by  changing  the  spelling  from  Daiin  to  Davan. 
On  le.iving  college,  the  paternal  grandfather 
of  Mr.  Dayan  came  to  .\merica  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  landed  in  New  \'ork 
in    17S0,  and    died    in    Aln^terdaln,  N.  \'..  in 


SUM/:    /:/ih,h\U'/l/C.U.   SK/:/CI/l-:s. 


71 


Alter  till'  (liMtli  (if  his  lather,  the  >iilijc('l  of 
this  sketi'li  uciii  lu  live  with  liis  uiuic,  JikIl;^ 
Charles  Dayan,  of  Lowville,  N.  Y.  There  he 
entered  the  Lowville  Academy.  After  cuiii- 
l)letin|;  liis  academic,  course,  he  studied  lau. 
Just  previous  to  lii^  heiiiL^  admitted  to  the  bar, 
lie  became  interested  in  the  study  of  tlie  lliljle 


In  1S45  he  was  uiuled  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Chirissa  Julia  Chase,  eldest  daughtei  of  Rev. 
Squire  Chase,  one  of  the  earliest  missionaries 
to  darkest  Africa.  The  writer  remembers 
him  as  a  man  of  extraordinary  force  and 
capacity.  He  was  one  of  the  best  orLtanizers 
the    .Methodist    lu-irarchy  could  command  at 


'■■■n 


RKV.    JOHN    1  lOKDlNANn    HAVAN. 


as  a  law  book,  which  led  to  his  conversion  that  time.  Of  stalwart  frame,  his  presence 
and  connection  with  the  Methodist  l^piscopal 
church  in  the  Sprini,'  of  1842.  Under  the  pas- 
toral guidance  of  Rev.  James  I'lrwin,  he  uiu- 
ted  with  the  lUack  River  Conference  in  1S44, 
and  entered  upon  the  work  of  the  ministry,  in 
which  he  continued  until  1867,  when  his  fail- 
ing health  necessitated  his  giving  it  up. 


was  commanding.  He  possessed  .1  voice  of 
great  vf)lume,  and  it  readied  to  the  uttermost 
parts  of  the  largest  church.  He  was  rej/arded 
as  the  ablest  preacher  in  the  old  Black  River 
Conference. 

Rev.     Mr.     Dayan    served     the    following 
charges  :    I.eRay,   .\dams,  Clayton,   Syracuse, 


.1  so/T/y/A'  (}/■■   ////■:  ,s/:  /,./;; 7//;. wa;  av/'/.a-. 


Fairfic'lil.  I.DWvilK',  'I'luTcsa,  Cipr  Xiiicrnl, 
liion,  <  'anh.iyc. 

At  'riK-rcs.i  tlir  uiilcT  ami  his  laiiiih  sal 
iiiidci-  his  |iicarhiiiL;.  llis  iiiaiincr  was  pcr- 
suasivi.',  his  (luiiijii  (  Lissiral,  his  smnoiis 
iiii)i-c  than  iiUcicslinL;  —  they  time  hcd  the 
heart.  I'hc  lai_L;c>t  rc\i\al  ininaiilK'iL'il  in 
'I'hfiTsa  was  dmiivj;  his  iMstorali',  ami  wluai 
lie  luft  that  I  harj;c  lie  rallied  uiih  hmi  the 
alleeiiniiate  reiiiemlirame  of  every  iiiemlier  oi 
the  <  huK  h   and  euns^rei^aiion. 

In  1866  he  was  made  i'resiilin^L^  I'lJder  of 
the  Waiertnwn  distriet,  a  position  calling  for 
a  robust  coiiMitution  and  endh's>  indusirv. 
His  laliors  in  that  pcjsiiion  impaired  his 
health,  and  he  relinquished  with  many  regrets 
his  cherished  life-work. 

Mr.  Dayan  was  in  every  resiject  a  ]iroi,Mes- 
sive  man,  and  in  1.S72-;,  he  had  -iven  nun  h 
thou-lit  to  the  projert  of  oi)enin-  a  Christiin 
summer  resent  anions;  the  'riioiisand  Islands. 
To  him,  imne  than  to  any  other  one  man,  is 
due,  not  only  the  imeplion  of  the  plan,  hut 
its  reduetion  to  a  practical  basis.  Not  that 
his  plan  met  with  disfavor  or  that  sdine  (  api- 
talist  could  not  be  tVamd  who  woi;ld  invest 
inonev  enou-h  to  try  the  experiment.  Ihit 
the    details    were   t'lioriuous  :   the    amount   of 


lai  t  required  was  sniprisin-,  lur  loi  al  jeal- 
ousies had  to  be  ))lac,  tid,  the  entliu-.iasm  ol 
the  .Nfethodists  aroused,  and  the  lUiiani/ation 
so  poised  as  to  be  disiiiK  tly  reliL;ious,  yet  not 
repellii^L;  tliu-,e  who  u  t  re  not  c  huK  h  members 
nor  (  hun  h  -oers.  In  all  these  inliicate  manii)- 
nlatioiis  .Mr.  1  ),iyan  slun\ed  himsc'ir  an  adejit 
—  manilesliiiH-  a  business  (ajiaciiy  that  sur- 
prised his  friends.  His  pl.ms  found  ample 
fruition,  and  the  ■riionsand  Island  Park  stands 
to-day  hi>  ablest  advoc.ite.  For  si.\  years 
Mr.  Dayan  was  the  nian.iger  of  that  Associa- 
tion, and,  iij)  to  the  time  iie  resig  led  from  its 
board  of  coiUr  '■  it  ow.d  to  his  /orethouj^lit, 
JierseveraiK  e  and  /eai  all  that  it  was. 

Thciii  eforward  his  lite  !i;;.,  inerged.  L;radii- 
ally  into  the  "  sere  and  yellow  leaf."  With 
health  mm  h  impairetl  he  waits  patiently  for 
thai  passing  hence  which  will  reveal  to  him 
the  bles.^ednessof  those  who,  through  evil  and 
i;ood  report,  in  hours  of  deeiiest  despondeiicv, 
e\en  when  tormented  by  doubts  and  uncer- 
tainties, have  yet  steadily  stood  for  Christ  and 
his  glorious  cause  ;  ami  who,  having  been 
faithful  over  a  t"ew  things,  shall  surely  be 
<-alled  to  the  command  of  higher  thin;;s.  ,ind 
even  reign  with  Him  whose  faitliful  servant  he 
has  been  for  nearly  si.xty  years.  j,  .a.  11. 


f\ 


THE  MEN  I  HAVE  MET  U 

n\'    riiii,-.    c.    ,\i,vi)kii,   i:\-i 

I'l\l!',,\l)  has  suggested  that  I  could 
write  a  very  interesting  human  hi>iory 
ol  the  river's  rapid  growth  as  a  spcuisman's 
paradise,  a  health-be. iring,  exliil.iraiing,  joy- 
insjiiring  refuge  for  tired  and  invalid  human- 
ity. It  will  be  rea.dily  conceded  that  in  the 
performance  of  my  task  1  must  omit  mention 
of  m.iny  —  lor  the  many  I  have  met  are  legion 
in  number.  And  again,  looking  back  over  a 
'■  period  III  more  than  forty  years,  I  must  un- 
avoidably fail  to  recall  many,  the  mention  of 
whose  naiiKN  would  be  of  great  interest.  In 
order  to  do  justice  to  my  own  city  and  to 
scores  of  other  cities  and  towns,  I  would  need 
but   strike    a    few    names    from    their    annual 


PON  THE  GREAT  RIVER. 

IIU  I.-(;iiV.    Ill'    M.W     \IIKK. 

directories,  and  then  ap])end  the  corrected 
lists  to  this  article,  to  enumerate  "  The  Men 
I  Have  Met  upon  the  (ire.it  River."  Hut  to 
accomplish  the  undertaking  in  some  accept- 
able way  and  within  ivasonrble  limits,  I  must 
cease  apology  and  explanations,  ami  proceed 
with  my  jirojected  work,  or  I  shall  never 
linisli  it. 

I  have  already,  in  another  chapter  in  this 
Souvenir,  had  something  to  say  of  mv  first 
experience  on  the  noble  river,  and  I  beg  a"ain 
to  introduce  to  your  notice  the  R!;v.  Dk. 
lii-.rnuM-.,  the  original  (ly-caster  of  the  St. 
Lawrence.  Need  I  say  that  his  i)rofound 
learning,  hi-,  acknowledged   i)reeminence  as  a 


////    \//\  I  //.///    Ml.  I  I  rr\  rill.  i,ia..ii   kiii.k. 


"3 


|iUl|iit     iil.iloi,     ,111(1     willl.ll      111-,     kllldU,     ii|ii.ll- 

lirarlcd,  C'lii  i^li.iu  lii'iiLMiKiK  (•  w  ill  rc'iiiiiii  ,i 
[ilea-., ml  iciiirmliraiK  (■  m)  lonn  .i^  llic  w.ili'is  of 
his  liclov  c(l  ii\L'r  lldw  frdin  llic  lakes  to  the  ^ra. 

'I'lic  1)1  llu\^,  lallur  .\\\k\  >(i!1s,  ulm  i;avr 
u^  tlu'  silken  liiu'  and  ilir  ijiili-.licd  idtalinn 
s|)i)on,  will  la'  icinrniliL'icd  a^  n'ivini,'  .w  inU(  li 
of  niiisic  and  liannony  to  tlu'ir  lirl(j\cd  pas- 
lime  as  iliil  tluir  iinci|iialc(i  (nlK'(iion  of 
dnnn  and  life,  rvinbal  and  hiuihoy,  liddlc 
and  llnic  lo  llicii  niusic-lovinj;  nciL;lilior>  in 
"tlu'  jn.'nl  U[i  city,"  where  their  nienioiy  i^ 
ever  j^reen. 

Is  it  necessary  to  make  ,mL;ht  of  expKmatinn 
in  hrinninj^  Si.rii  (li;ri;.\  to  )'onr  notii  e  ? 
Not  learned  in  schools,  but  an  untiring,  bright 
student  of  nature,  lie"  read  as  from  an  open 
book  all  the  secrets  of  the  finny  tribe,  o\er 
whom,  by  the  consent  of  fishes  and  men,  he 
was  the  sole  and  undis[>uled  ruler.  I'lducatid 
in  the  s<  hool  of  N'.itiiie,  he  was  Nature's 
nobleman,  with  a  heart  beating  kindly  toward 
all  things  animate. 

Another  iioteil  individual  is  mixed  in  with 
my  earliest  recollections  of  the  river.  It  is  true 
I  had  never  met  him  there,  for  he  liatl  visited 
the  liay  for  the  first  and  only  time  the  \ear 
before  my  first  .irrivai,  but  ever)-  time  (and 
that  was  often)  I  tried  the  then  super-excellent 
fishinn-i^round  near  tiie  foot  of  Crenadier,  I 
was  very  empliaticallv  told  where  he  had 
lunched  when  fishing,',  and  he  hatl  lunchetl 
there  so  often  that  the  natives,  t.akin^  adv.in- 
tat^e  of  the  fact  that  the  much-lunched  island 
lacked  a  name,  solemnly  decreed  that  from 
that  lime  and  foreser  thereafter  it  should  he 
known  as  ''X'.w  I'iUki.:\'s  Island."  It  may 
be  that  the  man  is  fori;otten,  but  I  believe 
that  it  is  a  matter  of  history  thai  he  was  in 
the  cloudy  and  di.-,lant  past  once  President  of 
the  I'niled  Slates;  but,  not  lieinir  reelected, 
he  went  —  fishing.  But  once  1  did  come 
near  to  fishiiii;  in  his  company.  Having  given 
U])  his  "job"  at  Washington  and  retired  to 
the  I.indenwokl  shailes  of  sleepy  Kinderhook 
he,  after  "cradeling  his  buckwheat,"  would 
liie  to  the  lovely  Hudson,  a  short  two  miles 
away,  to  fish.  I  happened  one  day  to  be  the 
guest  of  a  gentleman  who  lived  on    the  bav 


whcle  "MalU"  u.i-.  Uoiit  In  ri-.li;  ,ind  on 
that  i\.\\,  he  .il  one  end  .iiid  I  .il  llie  other  of 
lli>'  bay  both  "  .Mally  ,tiid  niy^cll  --bobbed 
lor  while  perch;  each,  1  ,im  liappv  to  say, 
willi  great  -.access. 

In  the  later  (la\s  of  mv  periodi(  ,il  -.ojoiiin 
uitli  old  man  I'rossman,  there  (ante  thither 
two  ol  our  (duntry's  mo^t  distingui-.hed  men 
oil  their  u.iy  lo  the  haunts  of  the  princely 
salmon  (jf  the  Sauguenay,  pausing  here  for  a 
lew  (lavs  lo  tempt  the  springy,  cunning,  sport- 
(  re.iting  ]la^h  of  llie  .St.  I.awreiue.  'I'heirs 
wa-i  a  frieiuUhip  at  tliat  time  (homewhat 
clouded  in  later  years)  like  that  of  Uamon 
and  I'ythi.iri.  I'tterly  unlike  in  temperament, 
manners  and  action,  they  were  both,  I  sin- 
cerely believe,  a  unit  in  their  unselfish,  power- 
lid  devotion  to  the  best  intere^ts  of  their  coun- 
try in  her  hour  of  sorest  trial  and  direst  need. 
If  in  Ri)-.  Ill  C'iixkm.m;,  th.it  stubborn,  self- 
will,  unconli'ollable  temper,  never-dvingeiiniity 
to  all  wh(j  (hired  oppose  his  will,  had  been 
tempered  and  .-.oflened  by  the  suave,  ( oiirtly 
and  conciliatory  manners  and  tact  of  Cm  >i  i:k 
.A.  .'MMiirk  —  in  fine,  if  the  better  ipi.ilities  of 
each  had  been  used  to  neutiali/e  the  failings 
of  both,  it  would  have  added  increased  weight 
to  their  great  deeds  patriotically  done  to  save 
the  N.ition's  life.  Ifumanitv  is  fr.iil,  never 
perfect;  but  in  the  world's  pictureof  great  men 
the  he, ids  of  Conkm.nc  and  .\uriiUK  will 
l(jom  up  as  did  that  of  Saul  among  the  prophets. 

In  the  last  year  of  my  annually  recurring 
stay  at  Alexandria  I'ay  I  met  and  fraternized 
with  Wni.iAM  J.  SKiNMi-;,  Cii-.N.  Hkmamin  V. 
]>ki;cK  and  I-'kankiin  .\.  Ai.iikkckr,  the  three 
Canal  ("(immissioners  of  the  State,  and  in 
their  company  Na  rii.\N-ifc;i  S.  Uixiox,  then 
and  for  twelve  years  Auditor  of  the  Canal 
Department,  who  had  also  during  his  long 
and  busy  life  well  and  worthily  discharged  the 
duties  of  Surrogate,  State  .Senator,  United 
States  .Xttorney  for  ten  years.  County  Judge 
and  Secretary  of  State.  While  they  were 
ostensibly  fishing,  they  were  really  weighing 
and  measuring  the  probabilities  of  the  success 
of  an  attemiit  of  the  mighty  river  to  detlect  to 
its  own  channel  on  its  way  to  the  ocean,  the 
rapidly    growing    tonnage    of    the    boundless 


■4 


,/  S'>/  r/:.\7/y  <>/■•  /■///■  sr.  r.n\-Rr\r/:  av/va'. 


W'c^i,  aiiil  t(i  ^^UmI  iI  ,iu,i\  liDiii  niir  (,iii,i|^-- 
lliciic  ni,iL;iurK  lilt  .11  li I'll  i.il  w  .iliiw  .i\  ■..  .ilikc  till' 
,L;li)ry  (il  the  Slalc  .ind  tin-  \v(j:i(Ii  r  ui  ihc 
\V(ii  Id,  tluii  mil  in  ilun  utlii  i.il  i  aw  Ski  n  m  k 
|iiiiliuML'd  ill. It  aliovf  wlicir  llu-  (iii.il  ki\rr 
look  its  iiriiii.il  li'.iji  ill  its  lucillis^  lliulit  uVr 
11)1  ls\'  li.iniii'  aiiil  lliKni^li  iiiiuiiit.iin  L;iii'L;r   in 

ils  111.1(1  ll,l-.tL'  li>  incL'l  tlu'  -,i.,l,  til  -^Ui'lAc  the 
IllinllU  lliiu  lit  Its  L^rral  Imil)'  nl  U.llrl-  tn  tin.' 
\.illc\  III  til, It  iilliiT  (iiT.il  Ri\ii  till'  ini  ■mi- 
ll.iiMlilr  lliiiUnii  ;  I'lil  r.i.'i  I  I  .iiiil  .\i  lauui  K, 
\\i|ll  tlir  ]iiilrllt  .III]  111  r.l\|M\,  iiilKd  the 
IllinlltV     rliill(l-]iii.Trin^     ]ir.lk.>nl     tin;      \iliiijii- 

d.ii  ks  ill  his  p.ithw.iv,  .mil  s.idK'  ,iiid  uliu- 
t.intly  .Ski\m:k  .iliandoiicd  the  .ittcniiit.  Tlu'V 
rinailv  di'ii.uti.'d  with  the  s.itist\  iiv^  ln-hrf  iliit 
X.ilurc  had  iciii'd  in-iii  niiumt.iMr  li.ii  lii  rs  tn 
till'  .irciiliiplishlilciit  III'  thr  lixri's  dir.iiii  iit' 
\ii  till  y.  ('hainii's  liii.il  lia-i  lulit,' siiu  r  In  liid 
thciii  .ill  an'oss  till'  d.iik  ^tic.iin,  all  tmi  mhhi 
tor  ihctn  to  knmv  that  inni  dI  ilu-ii  own  lilmid 
imll  down  inoiint.iins  and  till  up  st-a^  with 
n.itiirc's  ton  is  lanu'd  to  iluir  liiililiiiL;.  .Alic.idv 
that  m'owiiiL;  I  il\  --tanilinL;  al  the  hr.id  ot'  tlu' 
^rcitrsl  liiidy  ot  inl.iiiil  w.itns  known  to  thr 
uoiid,  dcni. mils  and  uill  li,i\c  an  iiniiiukni 
w.itnu.iy  to  tin;  r.irth-i'iirinlinn  orc.ins. 
I' Kill    ri  IK    Knu  I   I',  with   lull  nin;^  Lloi|llrlU  r,  in- 

triition.illy  sail  .istii ,  liiit  1 1  niv  prophnii ,  li.i> 
niuK-  fiiduriiii;  f.niii'  for  liulnlli,  its  own  i;riMt 
opportunities,  rouplcil  with  il>  ck-tniiiiiK'd 
push  and  tiinijy,  conipliincnt  -- a\  a;,  .ucnitn- 
.Uc  his  nninii  iitionid  pndic"  i  m.  Our  liloml 
cousins  and  I'linulK  ii\a'  ,  over  the  border, 
unstintedly  aided  t'nun  the  overllowin;.;  (  olTers 
ot"  the  _L;r.ind  old  Mother  across  the  sea,  are 
aire, lily  deepini;  .uid  wideniiiL;  the  i  haiiiul 
and  lurliin^  the  rush  of  the  ini^litv  ri\er, 
huildiiiL;  with  its  own  stor.e  and  lillin;<  with  its 
own  water  the  i,'iL;anlii  slejis  o\  enoinin^  the 
elevation  from  the  .\ll.intie  to  the  ( Ire. it  Lakes, 
and  soon  shall  we  \iew  lloaliiv^  easilv  past  our 
shores  the  mmiinonth  frei^lit-lie.uiiiL;  ships  of 
the  world,  l.iden  with  t.irgoes  at  the  elevator- 
dorks  of  l)uliith,  .\ooo  miles  inland  from  the 
western  --liore  of  the  .Vtlaiitic,  to  he  ilischarged 
unbroken  at  the  dist.mt  ])orts  of  Ivirope,  an- 
other ,^,ooo  miles  away  from  where  inl.ind  How 
and  occ.iii  tide  meet  to  Lrreel  its  eominu. 


In  lump. my  with  the  ( !iiiimiissioneis,  .md 
often  there, liter,  we  |ii\fully  vulcoiiied  the 
pie, Is. ml  1  oinp.iliiuii,  skilled  .nielli  .ind  .iccoiii- 
pli^hed  I  leik  of  .Ml.  .Skinm.;!',  Mi.  Hnrkiss, 
III  Little  i'..IU,  orci^iiiii.ilK  .111  oinp.mii'd  by 
his  worthy  biotheis  m  unity,  iliKi  ii  .ind  I,  \- 
lui,  w  hii^e  11, lines  and  niei  ileil  lame  in  those 
uldiii  d.i\s  M  oriied  to  be  bouiul  |i\  the  n.ir- 
liiw  \,llli\  ot'  the  bloiiiK  Mnh.iwk.  \\'kIi.II|-, 
ihe  stnlV  II  Her  I  il  (Il  111  A  ,1.  the  |eHelsiin  rolinlv 
wit.  ,mil  W\l  i:\lll,  tile  terrible  joker  ot 
I  hiciil  I,  both  L;r.od  men  ,iiid  true,  sometime 
l>i\i--iiiii  ( 'iiimii,inilei  s  on  the  Liie,  li.i\e'  been 
met  siiuiiiliiin  the  depili  .iiiil  measuiiiiL;  the 
breadth  of  its  gi,mt  liv.il,  the  .St.  L,iwreiiie. 

In  i.S()6  1  (■han.;ed  my  li.i-,e,  fur. it  thi-^tinie 
llie  h, ibil.it  of  the  desii.ible  ^.mie-lish  seemed 
to  li,i\e  Miiived  up  slie,im,  so  lh.it  the  bins  of 
llle  llur:^  had  tn  pull  ,ii;,linsl  the  i  uiient  ol 
\\ellr--ly  Ukillil  111  ludrr  to  sill  1  essflllly  I  oni- 
pile  with  tliir  ('l,i\lun  liwiU;  .it  ('l.ivlon 
there  Were  then  Iwn  iint.ible  (  ,ir,iv,iiisiries, 
the  llubb.ird  and  the  W'.illoii,  .ind  willmul 
preliiedit.ilion  I  dmppid  iiiln  the  llubb.ird, 
\\hiie  lor  eliseii  vi.ii^  I  w,i-,a  summer  lixtiire. 
I'l null  me  lo  say  lure  tli.il  both  houses  had 
unoil  and  well-ileser\  111  repiit.il  ions,  eiih, lined 
b\'  the  f.ii  I  ill  It  the  i;iiii.il  lin^ts  were  friends 
nut  n\  iN,  and  in  il-^  lie->l  sen--e  liiinil-,of  the 
,l;iu>Ii  III  biitli;  .1  l.iMir  (nfleii  nt'l'ired )  .isked 
b\  the  mii-~I  ot'iille  al  llie  ll.lllds  iil'  t!ie  other, 
W.I,  iiie'l  and  L;r,inleil  pimnptly  and  eordi.illy. 
1  but  Villi  e  the  siiueieU'  deep  regret  of  their 
.limy  III  liiniiK  .it  their  un;imel\-  Liking  off, 
.md  lie^pe.ik  Inr  their  br,i\e  w  ii  low  s  the  kindly 
.iiid  bounteous  siip|inii  nf  all  iho^e  wlm  knew 
and  e^leemed  tlui  r  departed  husbands.  Mrs. 
b  Ills -I  IN  is  \  el  .iitixely  eni;,iL;eil  in  the  <  .ire  of 
ihe  W'.illiiii,  till- L;r. mil  prnperlv  left  her  b\  her 
husb.ind  ;  and  one  who  ha^  seen  her  and  re- 
i.ilL  the  f,ii  1  til, It  shi'  w,is  ,1  neii  e  of  ( 'leiier.il 
Will  i\M  II.  Am.i  I,  the  liioadea  m.in  Clay- 
ion  e\er  knew,  '\il!  ii:it  fail  In  gladly  loiiie 
wiihin  the  charmed  i  in  le  of  her  kindly  <  .ire 
.md  elei^ant  ])erKiinality. 

.\binil  this  period  bcLian  the  idea  of  i^land 
ownership  .mil  siimnier  cottai^e;  amon^i;  the 
lii->t  lo  adventure  wasa  broker  from  New  York, 
!•', I  i.K.M    .\.   Rmu.NsiiN,  who  expended  money 


i 


I     ,-j 


lljll 


•15 

•54 


rill-:  .Mi:\  i  ii.wi:  Mi:r  rrox   riii:  i:i<i:.\r  ri\i:k. 


77 


freely  nil  his  islnnd  in  i^radinL^  and  d(i(  kint,' 
and  the  eieciion  of  a  loniniodiinis  and  roomy 
mansion.  I  le  llmiri^hed  for  a  time,  an  erratic 
nuieor  alliwarl  the  inland  sky.  but  at  last  the 
i^ra\  it.Uicjii  of  his  own  errors  hrou^ht  him. 
Imrnt  out  and  exhausted,  down  to  earth. 

One  of  my  esteemed  colleagues  in  the  halls 
of  lei^islation,  and  later,  an  honoied  represent- 
ative of  his  district  in  (_!(.)ni;re^s.  Iv  IvlKk 
IIakt,  of  (  )ileans,  built  himself  at  an  early 
day,  an   imim^inij;   mansion  fai  Iul;  Alexandria. 

I  ha.ve  sailed  and  auj^led  on  the  water  and 
often  lunched  on  the  ,u'reen-sward  of  an  i^land 
in  the  company  of  the  world-renowned  sculp- 
tor. R.  II.  I'akk.  His  more  recently  reported 
social  standing;,  if  true,  leaves  his  artist  fame 
his  only  claim  for  recollection. 

I  must  occasionally  bunch  the  men  I  ha\e 
met  on  the  river,  and  generalize  their  ,L;ood 
jioints,  else  I  will  be  unable  to  enumerate  a 
tithe  (it  the  niost  worthy;  so  permit  me  to 
say  th.it  at  Albany  "  as  collea^^ues,"  and  on 
the  noble  stream  that  maiks  the  northwestern 
bounds  of  ih^'ir  counts'  "  as  friends  "  I  ha\e 
met  Hon.  Wiiia.wi  |)i,\\i,\-,  Hon.  \Viiai\M 
llur  I  ia<i  iKLo,  1  wiK-  jMiiN-roN,  Col.  W.  W. 
l",\i)s,  Hon.  (h:()K(,i.  !■',.  \ii-r,  Hds.  ('ii.\s. 
R.  Sisi\.\KR.  Hon.  IliAkv  Siuc  I  1^  Hon. 
Wii.i.i.vM  M.  TiioMxiN  and  Hon.  buiN  1). 
I'.l.l.is,  re|jresenl,iti\es  of  the  ('ouiil\ nf  Jef- 
ferson. In  ihe  role  of  law-m.d<ers  of  the 
State,  1  pii)n(Uince  them  all  to  h.i\e  been 
faithful,  cap.dile  and  Imnes,  in  the  discharge 
of  their  otfici.d  duties.  We  always  n>eet  uiih 
smiles  of  welcome  and  with  hearty  handshake. 
Some  of  lliLin  haw  been  called,  and  have  not 
been  found  wanting  in  the  faithful  M\i\  W(nthy 
tlischarge  of  other  public  duties. 

It  would  seem  proper  in  this  <  onni-ction  to 
mention  others  of  my  fclhjw-legislators  who 
renewed  and  strengthened  the  friendship  be- 
gun at  .Mbany  by  kindly  greeting  .md  min- 
gled pleasures  on  thejuMceful  islands  of  the  St, 
Lawrence:  V\\  IIorx,  \'.\n  Vai.kkndurcii 
and  Low  followed  down,  from  Niagara's  col- 
losal  leap,  her  angry  waters,  until,  peaceful 
and  quiet,  they  gently  laved  the  shores  of  the 
many  island-gems  of  the  (Ireat  River;  Uukns 
and     Duciuii),     of     Onondaga,     the     "  rwo 


Cil  \ki.ii'.-,"  I'.AKF.k,  of  Monroe,  and  t'iin:K- 
kkim;,  of  Lewis;  \V.\kM:i<  Mii.i.r.k,  of  Her- 
kimer; (^I^^.|||)^,  of  (Cattaraugus;  .\.  .\. 
I'AkKKk,  of  St.  Lawrence;  A.  I!.  I  Ikiuu'rn, 
of  the  same  county;  .Mookks,  of  Clinton,  and 
l\i.K\,  of  .Madison.  All  these  may  well  be 
proud  of  their  public  records.  They  have 
eacdi  enjosed  with  mv  innocent  s|iort  in  the 
bdmy  air  of  the  River  of  Rivers. 

.\  [irominenl  figure  on  the  river  for  ciany 
years  was  TnKonoRi'.  S.  Ivwion.  I  first 
knew  him  in  my  boyhood-days,  as  (jne  of  that 
coterie  of  br,iin\-  men — I'AkkKk,  l!(;rTKR- 
Fii'1,1),  (jin.iis  and  L.\\ri)\  —  controlling  in 
the  office  or  iVom  the  dri\'er's  box  those  won- 
derful lines  of  post-coaches  which  radiateil 
from  Uti  .1,  reaching  Last,  West,  N'orth  and 
South,  the  uttermost  parts  of  our  noble  State, 
just  then  emerging  from  a  state  of  nature  into 
an  active,  tliri\ing,  energetic  Commonwealth 
of  I  ivili/.ition  and  progress.  ■riii:(iiii  irk  S. 
I'an  IDS'  was  a  prominent  fac  tor  in  this  march 
ot  progress,  kee'ping  ]iai  e  with  the  onward 
stt'p  ;  tromthe  position  of  an  himdile  stage- 
drix'er.  he  reac  bed  ihe  higher  rounds  of  life's 
ladder,  dying  universally  honored  and  deeply 
mourned. 

In  m. irked  ccmtrasi,  there  was  another  well- 
known  I'tican.  .1  friipient  and  ever-welcome 
visitor;  few  in  the  Slate  are  ignorant  of  the 
name  aiul  fame  of  .\.mmi  I).  Baruour.  Lor 
many  years,  as  soon  as  the  halls  of  legislation 
were  opened  to  the  annual  inrush  of  the  peo- 
ple's servants,  ILvrihu'r,  seeking  no  certificate 
trom  an  avowed  constituency,  followed  in 
their  w.xkc  ,ind  quietly,  from  choice,  took  his 
stand  "outside  but  close  U|i  to  the  bulwarks" 
—  a  cool,  level-headed  mind-reader,  wiih  a 
iiersuasively  eloquent  tongue  and  a  well-lined 
pocket,  he  forced  upon  the  ignorant  or  lucre- 
loving  reiiresentative  the  course  which,  not 
perhaps  leading  to  glory,  would  certainlv  be 
to  the  "material"  profit  of  the  legislator; 
active  and  efficient  in  the  ranks,  he  was  earlv 
made  his  chief  of  staff  by  General  V  veed,  and 
finally  became  the  undisputed  King  of  the 
Lobby.  .Apart  from  his  discreditable  calling, 
ItARiiouR  was  a  man  entertaining  and  inter- 
esting ;  he  was  the  best  posted   of   all  others 


I 


78 


/;  s<>or/:.\/A'  of  ////■:  si\  j.,ii\'K/:.\ct-:  Ri\/:h\ 


on  the  poriical  liistory  of  jiarlies  as  well  as 
the  inner  character  of  [joliticians,  and  he  had 
the  rare  faculty  of  an  easy  and  pleasant  re- 
cital. Above  all  else,  in  ])rivate  life  he  was 
respected  and  esteemed  by  his  nei_i;hbors  as 
upright,  honest  and  ((MTCct  in  his  family  and 
social  relaiions  and  business  dealini^s.  lie 
was  wn  enthusiastic  angler,  but  ne\er  wooed 
the  Ihiny  peo])le  e\ce])t  his  wonhy  wife  and 
favorite  grandson  eniianced  his  enjoyment  by 
their  presence  and  partici|)ation. 

1  have  met,  with  great  jileasure  and  intel- 
lectual [)rofil,  Judges  of  every  grade,  who, 
hailing  their  vacation  witli  liie  hilarity  and 
abandon  of  the  si  hool  boy,  jiave  hastened  to 
doff  the  ermine,  and  ijonning  the  well-worn 
liabiliinents  of  secular  davs,  concealing  the 
dignified  brow  benealli  the  broad-brimmed 
palm-leaf,  hive  sought  the  balniv  air  and  cool 
waters  of  the  (Ireat  River  to  recuperate  their 
jaded  minds  and  weary  bodies.  l'"irst,  in 
strict  com]iliance  with  legal  rule,  and  in  due 
order  of  judicial  i)recedenls,  we  welco-ne, 
marching  forward,  hand  clasped  in  hand,  those 
two  insep,irai;le  disciples  of  Walton,  Chief 
Judges  Anmukws  and  Ri'i;Kk,  whose  names 
are  written  on  a  more  enduring  scroll  than 
this  lleeting  note.  I  refrain  from  marring, 
by  any  attempt  of  mine,  to  laud  their  fame. 
We  have  met  the  pleasant  countenances  of 
Cai.vin  Iv  I'kAir  and  his  able  .and  eccentric 
namesake,  Danikl.  They  ea.h  worthily  rep- 
resent the  honor,  dignity  and  learning  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  but  they  are  boys  again  as 
they  dart  in  and  out,  around  and  about,  tiie 
rock-bound  and  grass-covered  islands  of  the 
Great  River. 

1  must  not  forget  that  there  resides  in  the 
Summer  days,  in  his  tasteful  cottage  erected 
on  consecrated  ground  —  he  would  select  no 
other  —  my  fellow  townsman  and  friend, 
Cii-.DKGK.  N.  Kr.WF.nv.  He  needs  no  eulogy 
at  my  hands,  for  he  is  jjroving  for  himself,  by 
his  untiring  industry  and  a<knowledged  jire- 
cminence  at  the  bar,  the  folly  of  that  legisla- 
tive di<tum,  "that  a  man's  ability  and  |)ower 
for  intellec  tiial  work  and  honorable  toil  ceases 
at  the  age  of  sevenlv  years." 

I  recall  two  other  gentlemen  of   this  grade 


of  judges — one  still  in  harness  —  both  in  de- 
served public  esteem,  whose  jileasan'  smile 
and  friendly  grip  have  been  seen  anil  fv-lt  on 
the  waters  of  the  St.  i.awrenie,  CnAuia'.> 
Mason  and  I'AkiioN  C,  Williams,  Ii  was 
here  that  I'l/rKR  I!.  McLinnan  acipiired 
that  calm  mind  and  sound  judgment  marking 
his  course  on  the  bench  to-day. 

-As  Count V  Judge  .and  a  colleague  in  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  '67-S,  .Member 
of  Congress,  Secretary  of  State  anil  State 
Senator,  the  mere  recital  of  his  ot'licial  honors 
stamp  Ho\ii:k  \.  Nelson,  of  Dutchess,  as  an 
able  and  trusted  ]ud)lic  man,  and  I  can  testify 
that  he  was  a  keen  ,ind  succe>'^ful  .uigler,  and, 
bv  natural  sei[uence,  a  ])olished  gentleman. 
JkioimI'-,  I'liian,  of  Monroe,  was  another 
fellow  member  in  the  Convention  ol  '07-8, 
and  the  recital  of  his  ofticial  positions,  all 
filled  al)l\  and  well,  are  sufticieiit  testimony 
of  his  acknowledged  worth  and  chara(aer. 
lie  has  filled  the  additional  positions  of  ( 'onnty 
Jutlge  of  .Monroe,  Territorial  Judge  of  .Min- 
nesota, Member  of  Assembly  and  Stale  Sena- 
tor, as  well  as  that  of  successful  angler  on  the 
bonny  St.  Lawrence.  The  legal  learning, 
sound  judgment  and  righteous  administration 
of  justice  which  marked  the  judicial  lives  ot 
Judges  Van  N'ousf,  of  New  \'. irk,  and  Smiiii, 
of  Cortland,  were  ne\er  lessened  by  their 
keen  appreciation  and  enji>yment  of  the  un- 
eipialed  attrai  tion  of  our  summer  paradise. 

Last,  but  not  least,  comes  the  beaming  face 
of  that  true  hearted  and  broad  minded  son  of 
Madison,  once   its   honored   J'ldge,  CiIAS.   I,. 

Kl-.NNKHV. 

I  had  firmly  resolved  earh  in  my  life  on 
the  river  that  whenever  the  opportunity  of- 
fered to  suit  my  taste  and  not  wholly  empty 
my  pocket,  I  would 

"  Ik-  riionarcli  of  all  I  smvcyiMl, 

Willi  none  my  rifilil  to  <lis|iiile  ; 
Friiin  llic  cenler  all  around  to  llie  sea, 
Tin-  lord  of  the  fowl  and  the  ImUe" — 

in  the  sliajie  of  an  island  in  the  St,  Lawrence. 
.My  eye  always  rested  lovingly  and  hopefully 
on  an  island  in  the  broad  channel  immediatelv 
o|)|iosite  to  and  .about  one-half  mile  dis- 
tant   from    the    docks    of    C'layton.      In    the 


•/■///•■  M/:.\  I  ii.w'i-:  Mi-.r  crox  mi:  cRK.ir  ri\I:R. 


•*  .1* 

■i 


''native  iliiorioi)' "  it  liad  Itccii  cluistencd 
"Shot  liaj^  "  to  keep  company  with  a  near-liy 
inland  and  islet  called  res]iecii\ely  "  Powder 
ilorn"and  "  (, 'a|)  llo\,"  each  so  designated 
from  its  fancied  lesemlilance  to  one  of  these 
necessary  appendages  to  the  shot  L;un.  1  earh 
liecanie  ac(piainted  with  the  owner,  a  gentle- 
man hy  the  name  of  1  ,A  wki:\(|'.,  a  suc(  es^ful 
hat,  cap  and  fnr  dealer  in  the  cit\  of  New  \'(irk. 
I!y  the  waw  it  nn'ght  as  well  lie  ndted  rigiit 
here,  that  he  was  an  accomplished  lU-caster, 
his  daily  catcli  of  beauties  being  seldom  sec- 
ond in  number  in  the  friendl)'  struggle  of  the 
jovial  anglers  for  jjreeminence.  A  ])leasant, 
genial  companion,  he  is  gone  never  lo  return, 
but  he  is  not  forgotten.  To  return  to  my 
island.  l''or  a  number  of  \ears  I  was  advised 
that  it  was  not  for  sale,  and  other  spots  were 
urged  upon  my  attention,  but  1  still  hoped  for 
my  first  choice,  and  fina.lly  declining  health 
induced  my  friend  to  make  me  a  proposition 
lo  part  with  it  at  tlie  price  of  ,'^400.  At 
length,  conririued  in  his  own  belief  bv  the 
judgment  of  others  -whom  he  considered  ex- 
perts, that  the  island  would  measure  at  least 
four  acres,  he  closed  the  deal  with  m\self  and 
son-in-law,  Jami:s  A.  Ciir.Ni.\-.  at  ,$100  jier 
acre  ;  and  when  the  suney  demonstrated  that 
,'i<;i7opaid  for  1  70-100  of  an  acre  (the  area 
lit  tlie  island),  with  great  disappointment, 
somewhat  forciblv  expressed,  but  with  unhesi- 
tating adherence  to  his  jiledged  v.ord,  the 
owner  executed  the  deed  of  transfer.  In 
f.imily  convention — from  which  I  was  care- 
fully excluded  -- the  name  of  "Shot  bag" 
was  dropped,  and  the  newly-acipiired  summer 
home  was  rechristened  "  ("lovernor's  Island." 
It  was  never  under  any  "  government,"  but 
the  deni/ens,  adults  and  <  hildren  alike,  took 
in  health,  hajipiness  and  all  edibles  within 
reach.  There  the  cannon  roared,  the  llags 
waved,  the  beacons  shone,  not  with  hostile 
intent,  but  as  a  cordial  weh  ome  to  the  com- 
ing, and  u  kindlv  farewell  to  the  de])arling 
Irieiul.  These  pleasant  days  covered  seven- 
teen joyous  summers.  That  island  is  oni'  of 
the  brightest  gems  that  adorn  the  water-encir- 
cled diadem  of  the  (Ireat  River.  It  has  now 
fallen  under   the   dominion  of  one  who,  with 


rare  taste  and  skill  combined  with  a  jtidicious 
expenditure  (jf  wealth,  is  constantly  adding 
new  attractions  to  the  wonderful  beauties  of 
America's  peerless  summer  resort.  .-V  hearty 
welcome  to  ( 'iiAKi.i-.r-  (!.  IvMi.N'V.  Others 
have  met  him  on  the  dreat  River,  and  ue  all 
trust  that  many  ln|ipy  summers  still  await 
him  on  its  restful  bosom. 

\\'e  have  not  deserted  the  river  of  our  love 
and  oil'-  pride  ;  but,  a  little  wearer  its  source, 
on  a  |)rojecting  jioint  on  old  (Iriudstfjiie — -its 
primary  rocks  still  showing  the  deep  scars  of 
the  (ilacial  Period — "  landenwold  "  displays 
its  unmatched  beauties,  and  tlie  old  starry  Hag 
of  ''(lovernor's  Island,"  undimmed,  wa\es 
over  it,  and  the  doors  of  the  same  modest  but 
rcjomy  cottage,  stand  wide  ojieii  to  all  friends. 

l-',xciise  this  apparently  wide  dep.irture 
from  the  original  text.  It  was  partly  necessi- 
tated as  a  means  by  which  to  bring  into  de- 
served notice  my  friends  Law  ri:n(  i'.  and 
EMta<v,  ,ind  partly  to  authori/e  the  tise  of 
my  well-filled  cottage  registry,  containing  the 
names  of  "men  1  had  met  uiion  the  (Ireat 
River,"  thus  i.  |U\enating  a  failing  inemorv 
and  rescuing  from  obli\ion  the  river  history 
ot  many  who  should  not  be  forgotten. 

The  Ri,\-.  Dk.  Rj-.j-.si',  of  Albany,  was  first 
met  on  the  river,  on  the  insitle  of  Si.  John's 
Island,  lighting  manfully  for  and  rejoicing  over 
the  capture  of  his  first  muskalonge,  a  beauty 
ol  over  thirty  poiiiuls  in  weight;  the  occasion 
made  us  fellows,  and  began  (lor  me)  a  pleasant 
.icipiaintance,  renewed  aliiKJst  yearly  for  many 
summers  past.  This  ehxpienl  di\ine  is  ever 
welcome  to  Clayton,  for  he  ne\er  fails  lo  in- 
terest crowded  audiences  from  the  local  pulpit 
on  the  apjiointed  rest-days  from  secular  labor. 
'I'he  Doctor  is,  like  all  good  anglers,  whole- 
souled,  genial  and  an  exceedingly  interesting 
ra<'onteur. 

The  Ri'.\.  Dk.  CAi/niuop,  hailing  from  the 
Central  City,  fulfilling  strictly  and  conscien- 
tiously his  clerical  duties,  figures  also  as  astrono- 
mer, expert,  and  peerless  billiardist  and  c  hess- 
player,  and  excels  in  each.  While  at  liome 
he  (rather  too  often)  reads  from  the  .Sun,  dire 
storm,  destructive  blizzard,  drenching  rain  or 
parching  drouth,  his  presence  in  the  valley  of 


f 


1 


So 


./  .M'r/7.\7A'  oi    Till-:  sr.  i..ni-h-i:\ri:  ia\  i-.u. 


the  .'-ll,  I,a\vi\-iicc  al\v:i\  iii-^uiLS  u-,  iKMiitiriil 
sun-shine,  placid  uatcis,  and  alioundin^  -anu- 
for  tlir  anuli  r. 

<  Mii-r  n|i()ii  a  linio   then'  canif  Into  ilir  Ir.- 
i-.lali\a'   lialN    linni   tluj   hmiu'  of    ConkluiL;     a 
u()ith\.    Iionc^i    man.    wIki   answered    e(|nall\ 
and  rtadily  1m  eillu  i  ol  the  familiar   names  oi 
"  I,' MM    I)  \\  III  "..r  "An  I  I    li  \kkFi,  "  C.k  \\. 
His  lieait  w  a.s  set  upon  llie  |ia-,sa-e  ol  liis  (iiii\ 
Ijill;    il    was    a    bill    "  T,,    re-ulale    the    si/e  (if 
Apple    ]!arreK."      I'as^in-  tlinm-h    the  urdeal 
(it  the  appnipriale  idinmiltee,  il    i  ante   liefure 
the   I'nll   hncly   (,f    the    A-^einlilv   fur    disc  Us>iiin 
and   amendment.      The   liaiiulilv    liii\>iif   ih.a 
l)nd\-  (illrred  and  adiipte'd    snni.lin     ii.(  iimpre- 
hi'llsihle    .nid     me(in>isirnl    amendnnaUs,    tli.it 
soon  the  luine-t  did  man  did  imt  know  "  where 
he  was  , It."       IJr   appe.iled    In    me  —  111  wiidin 
he  had  sdiiuIidu    heen  allr.K  led  —  In  snUe  the 
dift'icaltx  ;    1  nndertmik  the  ta-k.  and  smin  the 
ehairman   .innnnneed.   ihit    "uli.ii    w,i>lefi(if 
the    lull    WM-,    ordered    in    he     en-rnssed    Inr    a 
third    ,ind    I'ln  il    reatlin-  ;  "  vulh    hiil-iiiL;  e\es 
and  haled  lirealh,   I  'nele    D  \\  in  a-ked  "  wh.it 
was    letL.-   '      lie    w.is    lil  indl\-    iiilniined,   th.n 
the  title  u.is  intact,  luit  ih.il    llie  st,l\e^,  Imnp-, 
,ind    heai;-.  of    the    liariel    were    missiii:,^       lie 
was  al  lir,-.t  --oiiiew  li.il  ini  lined  in  likuiie  nie  fnr 
the  I  .ilas'rnphy,  hut  he  w.is  pei^ii  uhd  tn  \  i^it 
ine  in   m\    summer   Imnie,  where   the    l.elhe.in 
elt'ei  t  (if  the  "  pelllK  id  "  w.iter-,  and  the  ele(  iric 
slH)(d<  tr.insmitted  tn  hi-,  Imdv   hv  the  strike  of 
the  h.iss  tiirnn-h  thi'  line   allai  lied  tn  hi-,  suh- 
inerged  hunk,  cureil  limi  nf  all  siispic  inn.  .md 
lie    liecaine,  and    -,lill    i-,,  niie    nf    niv  uanncNl 
friends;    hm    I    ha\e   ncc  i-,innallv    heard    him, 
when  (ivercnme  with  -,leep.  after  a  lic.iw  him  h 
nil  a   -rass-c  (ixered   island,   mutter   "  \\\    ne\i 
Apple  llarrel   Hill  shall   h.ive  the    hnnps  nailed 
nn,  and  the  heads  nailed  in,  ,iiiJ  /  :,'ill  all-iiJ 

to  il  lll\-,lf." 

On  the  river  fnr  manv  years  the  tnost 
m  irked  man  tn  he  met  was  a. Mr.  Si  i  n  i  k, 
li'nm  \ewliiir-h.  1  le  was  evident  1\  a  uell  edu- 
cated persnn.  ami  as  a  cnnversatinnalist.  enter- 
lainin-  and  instructive.  Thnugh  tnlally  blind 
he  went  evervuhcre  witlmut  a  ,L;iiide,  with  a 
firm  and  assured  step.  He  would  w.ilk  from 
the   hotel  to   the  hmdin-.    and   enter  his  boat 


without  aid,  ,md  he  seldom  returned  at  niuht- 
fall  with  a  smaller  catch  of  the  finny  tribe 
than  a  full  ,ivera-e  (if  the  return  captures  of 
the  d.i\ .  Report  said  that  in  his  business  .is 
(iesi-ner  ,ind  m.iniif.icturer  of  artistic  and 
decor.ited  furniture,  he  ii.id  but  i^w  eipialsand 
no  sujieriors. 

1  must  not  omit  the  military  arm  of  the 
N'aiion.  My  re^^ister  records  their  jiresence 
siii-ly  and  in  scpiads,  veter.m  corjis,  and  \\<^\- 
nients,  Keiitiirky  colonels  and  "  high  jirivates," 
with  wavini;  banners  ,111(1  marli.il  music.  They 
were  peacefully  inclined,  however;  the  bivouac 
and  battle-lield  were  memories.  They  march 
erect  and  steii  iirniidlv  to  the  beat  of  the  drum, 
s.ive  when  temptin.L;  fo-'igc^  was  uncovered; 
then  ••  double  (piiek  '"  ..  d  rapid  rush  broke 
down  all  lines,  ;md  (lis(  ipline  was  ignored, 
hroni  the  many  (few  can  be  named  "I'.k  ile 
l'rin(eps").  stands  fnrili  the  g.ill.int  SiO(  im, 
Nnl  on  the  battle  held,  but  when  white-rnbed 
pea(  e  smiled  nil  the  belnved  cniintry  he  fnnght 
to  save,  he  laid  him  down  to  die.  History 
will  kee;ie\er  green  the  -„icred  memory  of 
thi--  patriot  soldier. 

Make  w.iy  fnr  the  heroic  Snipki^  leading  to 
the  peaceliil  banks  and  enticing  islands  of  the 
(■real  Ri\er  the  lew  reiiiaiiiin-  veterans  of 
that  iiobh'  regiment,  whi(  h— when  three  of  its 
g.dl.iiit  number  h.id  f.illen  wiih  the  Hag  tliev 
died  to  s.ive,  raising  that  starry  emblem  from 
the  dying  hands  n\  its  last  deft  nder.  bearing 
It  prniidly  forw.ird— he  rallied  to  \ietorv;  the 
sods  (il  the  vallev  now  |irt-ss  upon  liis  breath- 
less form,  but  in  th.'  memoi\  of  the  multitude 
who  but  knew  him  to  love  him,  the  iiatriotic 
deed-,  of  (leneral  (ii  sT.wi  s  Smi'kk  will  en- 
dure  forever. 

The  name  of  Ceneral  l).\vii-:s  stands  liiuh 
on  ihe  roll  of  f.inie  among  the  noted  cavalry 
leaders  in  the  late  Civil  W.ir,  his  (  larion  voice 
and  Hashing  sabre  gave  vie  tory  to  his  g:  Mant 
troopers  in  man\  a  well  fought  fray;  he  is  the 
same  general  on  the  waters  of  the  (Irct  river; 
lool,  determined,  untiring,  he  strike,  for  ihe 
roval  miiskaloiige,  and  the  trophies  tiiat  adorn 
his  wigwam  are  large  in  si/e  and  great  in 
niiuiber. 

rile  erect  and  noble  form  of  the   "  Hero  of 


9 


I 

I 


2 


•I 


I 


/■///•;  .!//■. A-  /  //.111-  mi:t  rroix  riir.  r,Ri:.\r  ri\-i:r. 


S3 


% 

•^ 


I'lirt  I'lsluT "  looms  aljovL'  ilic  wa\'cs  of  Ills 
native  river;  (Iciieral  in  war,  he  is  now  guar- 
dian in  peaceful  days,  of  that  ark  ot  ;-:;ifety, 
(he  tJonsiitution  of  our  fathers,  he  so  bravely 
helpeil  o  rescue  from  destruction,  and  stands 
as  St.  Lawrence's  sentinel  on  the  ram))arts  of 
ihe  Nation's  capitol.  'riiough  an  eye  was 
I'heerfidiv  lost  amid  the  scenes  of  battle,  he 
still,  will)  one,  single  to  his  duty,  lights  bravely 
to  protect  and  per[)etuate  for  his  country  the 
rights  so  nobly  defended  on  many  a  bloody 
field.  .Ml  honor  and  praise  to  Oeneral  Nkw- 
niN  .Mari'in  CuKri>. 

There  is  a  "Wviiic'"  man,  whose  counte- 
nance isafamilar  one  on  the  long  reaches  and 
dee])  bays.  Do  not  be  deceived  by  surmising 
that  the  "  I).  D."  which  the  name  carries  with 
it  stands  for  "  Doctor  of  Divinity."  He  is  too 
wily  and  a  little  too  wicked  for  that  ;  but  he 
was  a  good  soldier  and  loy...  man  when  the 
nation  needeil  good  siiidiers  and  loyal  men  tcj 
compel  .md  ]ierpetuate  an  unbroken  Union, 
and  he  is  well  entitled  to  be  called  "  tleneral." 
'I'he  only  bad  mark  on  his  character  ever  dis- 
lovered  was  his  attempt  to  carry  off,  on  a 
wager,  a  basket  of  cham|)agne,  as  the  rewartl 
of  the  superiority  of  his  catch  (with  his  own 
unaided  rod  and  reel),  in  the  number  of  law- 
fully sized  bass  by  one  day's  fishing,  over  that 
of  an  antagonist  (bound  by  the  same  require- 
ments). He  ai)parently  won  the  match  by  a 
very  narrow  margin,  and  announced  the  vic- 
tory to  his  shouting  comrades  with  wilder 
>hc)Uts  than  theirs.  Hut  a  few  hours  of  sober 
relk'ction  brought  swift  repentance,  anil  on 
bended  knee  he  luimbly  ('onfessed  that  a 
brother  conspirator  from  one  boat  and  a  venal 
guide  from  another,  with  no  regard  for  law- 
ful weight,  had  tumbled  into  his  craft  the 
l.irger  number  of  his  reputed  victims,  and  he 
tearfully,  but  manfully,  rolled  into  the  cottage- 
door  of  his  competitor,  the  coveted  prize. 
He  has  been  forgiven,  and  hopes  are  strong 
that  by  continued  repentance  of  past  deeds  of 
wickedness  and  firm  resolve  of  an  honest  fu- 
ture he  may  yet  be  allowed  to  write  "  I).  D." 
IS  well  in  rear  as  in  front  of  his  patronymic, 
and  thus  wipe  out  forever  any  sinister  mean- 
ing to  the  honored  name  of  "  Wylie." 


Seventeen  year^  \\.w^  passed  .iway  since 
W'll.l.lAM  11.  \' \NI)i:ki;ll,l  .iiul  the  lamented 
Wi'.i'i.s  IKK  U'\(,.\i- K  c, line  here  to  spy  out  tin- 
land.  IJotli  iiave  passed  to  the  "  beyond." 
but  their  keen  business  eyes  —  we  have  reason 
to  know  —  took  ill  all  the  beauties  and  possi- 
bilities of  the  grand  pamorama  spread  before 
their  \ision,  and  the  fruits  of  that  visit  are 
clearly  noticeable  in  the  increased  comfort 
and  ease  of  access  hither  from  all  parts  of  the 
Union,  and  under  the  wise  and  able  manage- 
ment of  their  successors  this  will  not  be 
abated,  but  improved  and  amplified. 

Xot  clothed  in  trappings  of  war  but  in  the 
habiliments  of  jieace,  we  look  on  the  face  and 
admire  the  soldierly  bearing  of  one  of  the 
elite  of  that  crack  regiment.  New  York's  only 
Jill,  C'liKis  Woi.i',  an  island-dweller  and  ever 
a  Welcome  comrade.  The  ipiiet,  unobtrusive 
Hk  Ks,  with  pleasant  wife  and  tlaiiglUer,  not 
only  guards,  but  makes,  with  cow  and 
chicken,  homelike  aiul  enviable,  the  upper 
gate  of  our  archi[ielago. 

Scarcely  fifty  years  ago  1,500  of  the  Thou- 
sand Islands  of  this  great  ri\er  lay  ii|)on  iis 
glassy  waters  in  the  garb  of  Nature's  clothing, 
save  where,  on  the  hirger  ones,  blackened 
slumps  marked  the  incipient  effort  of  the 
husbandman  or  the  ruthless  swath  of  the 
wood-devouring  steamer,  then  first  invading 
the  peaceful  waters.  To-day,  in  tpiiet  bower 
and  shatly  nook,  on  bold  promontory  or  wide- 
spread lawn,  in  single  sites  and  in  varving 
groups,  from  lower  drenadier  to  upi)er  Wolf, 
reaching  as  an  outlying  sentinel  beyond  the 
line  where  lake  and  river  join,  tiny  cottage 
and  palatial  mansion  mark  an  almost  continu- 
ous city  of  grandeur  and  beauty  —  the  im- 
posing Crossmon  at  one  extremity,  and  the 
towering  Frontenac  midway  to  the  deej)  On- 
tario, inclose  many  other  gorgeous  resting 
places  as  homes  for  the  Hitting  sojourner.  As 
the  swift-darting  inhabitants  below  the  water's 
surface,  so  on  its  bosom  in  almost  equal  num- 
bers shoot  hither  and  thither  the  ever-restless 
steamers  —  many  at  stated  intervals  on  regular 
duty  bound,  many  with  banners  flying  and 
gladsome  music,  laden  with  the  ])eople  from 
deserted    town    and    vilhme      breathing    the 


i 


84 


//  sociKxiR  OF  riih:  sv:  r..iwRi:\ci-:  ri\-i:r. 


balmy  air  and  drinking  in  the  gorgeons  beau- 
tics  of  tlic  (Ircat  Rivcr,  as  with  twinkling  feet 
and  ghid  shunt  ihey  greet  its  glories.  Tiie 
trim-built,  lavishly-furnished,  flag-enveloped, 
swift-running  yachts,  alive  with  their  crews  of 
sumniL-r  residents,  add  to  t.'u;  wild  carnival  of 
jjleasiire  and  ha|)|)iness,  and  human  siiout, 
shrill  whistle,  sharp-clanging  bell  and  barbaric 
music  drive  the  rightful  owners  of  the  waters, 
frightened  and  ahirnud,  to  the  lowest  de|iths 
and  lUirkest  caves  of  their  watery  kingdom. 

Now  many  of  these  many  men  (and  lovely 
women,  too,  (iod  !)less  theml)"l  have  met 
upon  the  Great  River."  Time  and  space  alike 
forbid  a  mere  recital  of  their  names;  I  must, 
therefore,  be  content  with  a  brief  notice  of  a 
few  others  who  have  been  foremost,  and  who 
have  not  yet  ceased  their  loving  labors  in 
adding  to  Nature's  wonderful  work  on  this 
unecjualed  river. 

The  widely-known  and  sincerely  lamented 
scholar  and  scribe,  the  late  Dk.  Hoi, land,  is 
with  us  no  longer;  but  his  warm  love  for  his 
"Bonny  Castle"  has  descended  to  his  surviv- 
ing family,  who  still  enjoy,  and  each  returning 
season  make  more  beautiful,  the  delightful 
s[)ot  he  loved  so  well. 

The  HavdI'-.ns,  Pii.i.m  an,  the  large-hearted 
Brownino,  the  coal  king  of  the  I.ehigh  valley, 
the  denizens  of  Westminster  Park,  and  many 
others,  still  intent  upon  gilding  the  refined 
gold  of  their  incomiiarable  Day,  all  bear  faces 
I  have  met  upon  the  beautiful  River.  I  have 
met  many  of  the  men  who  summer  in  assured 
safety  and  i)eaceful  comfort  under  the  Chris- 
tian banner  of  the  itinerant  Methodists;  among 
them  my  home  neighbors,  none  of  whom  need 
go  from  their  Central  City  to  find  witnesses 
to  their  worthy  and  Christian  character. 
(Judge  Kf.nnkdv  I  have  already  named) 
Wei;ks,  Huldkn,  Penn,  Lef.,  Spkague,  and 
scores  of  others,  are  men  I  am  jiroud  to  say 
"  I  have  met  upon  the  Groat  River." 

I  even  own  u[)  that  I  knew  Sam  Grinnf.i.i-, 
when  he  pastured  his  cow  on  his  island,  now 
studded  with  many  beautiful  cottages,  and 
joyously  welcomed  the  thirsty  dwellers  on 
Prohibition-i.ooo-Island-Park  to  his  choice 
dispensary  of  contraband  whisky. 


Round  Island  is  peopled  with  many  worthy 
f)f  notable  mention.  Across  its  head,  fating 
the  on-coming  waters,  stand  four  dwellings  • 
I'irst,  the  modest  villa  of  Dk.  W'iiedf.n,  the 
l)ion(vr  of  the  island-dwellers,  followed  by 
Messrs.  IIavks,  Va\  Wacdni.n,  and  Jamks  |. 
l>K,i,i)K.\,  ex-mayor  and  congressman,  who, 
applying  well-earned  wealth  with  sound  judg- 
ment and  artistic  taste  to  their  work  of  pleas- 
ure, have  erected  houses  of  comfort  and  d''- 
light,  the  very  •'\ib()(liment  of  the  poet  and 
the  painter's  dream  of  loveliness.  Another 
chief  of  the  Central  City,  \Vm.  H.  K.ikk,  has 
applied  a  portion  of  his  wealth  to  the  adorn- 
ment of  this  beautiful  island,  and  these  have 
found  willing  ((jmrades  to  aid  in  making  this 
cosy  hamlet  a  beauty  spot  on  the  Great  River. 

As  I  pen  these  lines  so  many  faces  cr(jwd 
ujion  r.iy  reviving  meuKjry,  that  my  task  must 
be  abrujUly  closed  or  it  will  become  endless. 
A  few  m(jreof  the  multitude  of  those  who  de- 
serve recognition  and  I  have  done. 

No  one  who  freipieiits  the  river  can  fail  to 
know  that  always  hilarious  crowd,  hailing  from 
Albany,  headed  by  Ji\i  Srouv,  Joii.n  H. 
(^iMNiiv,  and  CiiARi.iK  Gav.  At  home,  staid, 
steady,  model  business  men.  On  the  ri\er — 
never  offensive — but  fidl  to  the  brim,  of  fun 
and  frolic,  good  anglers  and  genial  companions. 

There  comes  periodically  to  the  river  a  cpiiet, 
unobtrusive  but  worthy  and  interesting  gentle- 
man. It  is  said  that  "Good  wine  needs  no 
Bush,"  but  a  troll  on  the  water  and  a  Uuk  h 
on  the  shore  are  made  more  enjovable  and 
satisfying  whenever  Mk.  "Bush,"  of  Buffalo 
counts  as  one  of  the  party. 

We  entreat  l.ic.us  Mosf.s  to  bring  back  to 
the  ri\er  himself  with  his  delightfid  family; 
we  yearn  to  hear  once  more  the  swish  of  his 
wonderfid  cast,  as  the  fly  tem])ts  the  bass  to 
strike  "  twenty  yards  away."' 

In  writing  the  name  of  Mr.  Brownini;,  of 
New  York,  there  came  back  to  me  the  re- 
membrance of  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Scoit, 
who  is  an  annual  visitor,  seldom  failing  a 
yearly  return.  .Vlthough  a  city  man,  he  is 
old  fashioned  in  dress  and  manners,  though 
never  other  than  a  gentleman.  Though  easily 
a|)proachable,  he  is  naturally  taciturn;  an  un- 


.1 


THE   ME.\    I   HAVF.    MF.T  VPOX    THE   GREAT  RIVE,:. 


85 


tiiiiij;  Mnglcr,  wind  and  wave  never  staying 
liiin.  C)ne  day  near  tlie  head  of  Hemlock,  he 
was  at  anciior  still-fishing  for  bass;  a  good 
si/,e(l  perch  was  hooked,  and  he  rapidly  drew 
him  iij),  and  was  renderetl  almost  helpless  by 
the  onrush  of  a  tiiirty-poiind  muskalonge, 
striking  for  his  dangling  i)erch.  The  big 
fellow  landed  with  the  perch,  in  the  boat,  and 
with  the  aid  of  the  guide  was  killed.  .After  a 
few  moments  delay,  S. ,  recovered  sufficiently 
to  ejaculate  "Gkkai'  Siori,"  the  only  words 
(the  guide  avers)  that  he  uttered  until  he 
reached  the  dock  at  Clayton,  three  miles  away. 

Clustered  on  and  around  the  hoary  head  of 
old  Cirindstone,  the  .Morc.ans  and  the  I.ov- 
KLi.s,  of  New  York,  have  brought  refinement 
and  artistic  skill  to  adorn  their  summer  homes, 
and  in  themselves  have  added  acknowledged 
worth  to  the  goodly  society  of  our  Summer  City. 

It  would  be  very  wrong  and  unjust  if  the 
men  and  women  who  dwell  in  inclement  win- 
ter as  well  as  in  gentle  summer  on  the  banks 
of  this  world-famed  stream  were  not  recorded 
among  the  throng  of  thosj  "  I  have  met  upon 
the  dreat  Kiver."  In  all  ranks  and  condi- 
tions among  them,  they  are  the  hosts  and 
helpers  of  their  welcome  summer  visitors; 
kind,  considerate,  helpful,  neviT  exacting  or 
mercenary,  they  are  always  ready  and  oblig- 


ing. 'I'heir  character  and  conduct  are  in 
marked  contrast  with  the  rei)orted  greed, 
venality  and  robbery  at  other  noted  places  of 
sunmier  resort.  I  am  glad  to  jiroclaim  that  I 
have  met  and  have  learned  to  respect  and 
honor  these  constant  dwellers  in  the  valley  of 
the  (Ireat  River. 

If  life  and  health  are  spared,  I  tri  st  to  meet 
many  old  and  to  greet  many  new  faces  in  the 
coming  years,  enjoying  renovated  health  and 
needed  relaxation  from  the  ills  and  cares  of 
busy  life  amid  the  scenes  of  grandeur  and 
beauty  nowhere  so  sure  to  be  found  as  "  Upon 
the  Great  River." 

Thomas  C.   Ai.vord. 

Syracuse,  March,  1895. 


We  think  no  man  or  woman  can  rise  up 
after  reading  (iovernor  .Ai.vord's  unitfue  and 
entirely  una[)i)roachal)le  remarks  upon  the 
people  he  has  met,  without  a  better  feeling 
towards  all  mankind,  and  a  most  grateful 
sense  of  appreciation  of  this  honored  man, 
whose  green  old  age  has  met  with  no  blight, 
and  whose  frosted  head  bears  no  possible  in- 
dication of  any  frost  of  heart.  With  thousands 
who  love  him  and  revere  his  matchless  ability, 
we  reecho  his  own  wish  that  he  may  yet  be 
spared  for  many  years  to  visit  the  Great  River. 


W0 


A  BONAPARTE  IN   NORTHERN  NEW  YORK. 


[Tin    f.ill.nvinL'  rxrcllciii  :irlirlc  U  from  ihc  prri  ..f   M.ij.M   |,   II.  |lri;il  \\l,  of  fa|M'  Vinrrnt.  N.  V       lis 
insciioi,  in  |l„s  vnl.rnr  ,..  c.ns,  U,,',!  |.h,|„r  ,,n,|  inMiMrnv  l„v.„>^r   n,.,M   of   ,hr  |ko|,Ic  n.iu,<^d  wcc  ionu 

•'^"    "••^''l''"'-   "'     ''■'I"'    VllH.    ,11.    ,,    tMW„     O'     „K,„y    MKIIMlirS    uhM   I,    SCMlJs   .,|    VM     hr,„l     ol     lIlOSU     isUlluls 

UT  .„.•  anrM,,,lin,  lo  ,!,■.,■,  ilir  ,„,  1  ,  ,  ..vr  ih.i,  his,,,,,.-.,  :,-.  utII  ,,s  „,  ,„,,|;,.  I„irf  „„•„,, on  of  ihoM.  superior 
Mirn  ul,o  insi  sottlcl  o„  .,m,1  ,„•,„  iIumk  aiM  we're  ccr,,,inlv  ihrfusi  i,,  mmuhI  iIth  prais,- :mhI  intiu.lMrc 
llu'iii  lo  till' atloiilioil  iind  kllovvlcduu  of  ihr  Ann  i  icail  people,  I 


^  III',  advcnl  of  Joseph  UoiKiparlo,  or  C.'oiiiit 
•  (Ir  SiMvillirr^  (.1-,  liciloircd  lo  he  known), 
inlo  NorilnTu  New  \'ork  and  upon  the  Si. 
I,.iu  rem  e,  i--  scaic  el\  e\pLiinal)le  wilhoiil  some 
rderenie  li\'  way  of  inlrochntion  to  Connt 
J  \\\)i'^  Don  alien  l.e  kayile  (.'h.uimoiit.  w  ho  wa-. 
lie  -.on  of  I'ount  1  )onatien  l.e  K:i\',  the  intiniale 
liiend  of  I'rankhn  ,nid  .\il,inis,  and  .Morris, 
and  a  devoteil  adherent  to  the  hntunes  of  the 
L'nited  States,  who  in  a  lime  of  the  utmost 
need  imperiled  his  ,L;reat  fortune  b\  eomini;  to 
niir  assistance,  lie  it  w.is  who  sent  .i  ship- 
load of  ]iowder  lo  iSoston;  who  furnished 
I  hilhinn  for  l.a  hayette's  ,irm\-.  .<  ,d  I'liied  c  ut 
tliree  \essels  of  war  lo  join  ihe  iKet  under 
Commodore  Jean   i'.ud   Jones. 

l're\  ious  to  the  ele\ation  of  Joseph  iloaa- 
l)arle  lo  the  thrones,  lirsl  of  N'.iph's  and  liun 
of  Spain,  he  and  young  l.e  Ray  were  students 
at  tlic  cclehrati'd  scdiool  of  JuiUv,  ne.ir  Paris; 
here  their  acipiaintanee  ripened  inlo  ,in  inti- 
niaey  whiidi,  although  inteiriipted  hv  suec  eed- 
ing  events,  did  not  whollv  <ea>e.  and  so  we 
find  it  renewed  at  :i  time  when  the  friend--hi|,' 
of  a  l.e  Ray  was  not  lo  l)e  despised,  I'ven  hv 
a  llonaparte,  though  iwicea  king.  The  young 
I.e  Ray,  intimate  at  his  f.ither's  house  with 
sill  ii  men  as  I'r.inklin,  .Vd.uns  and  Morris,  liad 
e.irly  learned  lessons  of  Republican  wisdom, 
and  understood  how  lo  sympathi/e  with  the 
infant  Stales  in  iheir  struggle  for  freedom. 
His  intercourse   with    these   gifted    st.itesmen 


Old  much  to  jierfect  a  rharartcr  nnlurnlly 
siipeiioi-,  and  of  whi(  h  an  intim.ite  .k  ipiainl- 
anie  wrote  in  after  years  as  follows;  "  lie  had 
a  strong  mind,  great  penetration,  sound  iud,g- 
inent,  a  warm  and  affectionate  heart,  and  a 
noMe  soul.  lie  was  guided  ihrotigh  life  by  a 
high  and  (  hivalrous  integrity."  It  was  related 
that  on  one  oc a  .ision  a  differiaice  arose  between 
ihei'Ider  l.e  R.iy  and  Robert  Morris,  then  at 
the  court  ,,f  I'rance.  .\n  iim|iire  was  to  be 
chosen,  .111(1  Rohert  Morris  at  once  selected 
Mr.  I,e  Ri\'s  own  son;  the  (  ase  was  stated, 
and  a  dec  iMon  in  favcr  of  Mr.  Morris  was  the 
lesiilt.  I  in-  c  iti/ens  of  Jefferson  and  Lewis 
counties,  .\,  \  .,  owe  much  of  their  prosjieritv 
lo  his  enlightened  and  liberal  mana,genient; 
and  lev  ihe  ciii/ens  of  Jefferson  county  esjieci- 
allv  he  is  allec  tionately  remembered  for  his 
liublic-spiriled  improvements,  his  dignified 
and  courteous  demeanor,  and  the  svmpalhy 
he  never  faihal  to  express,  not  onl\  in  words, 
but  |jr.i(  lically,  for  whatever  ( oncerneil  the 
public:  welfare.  He  fully  syinpathi/ed  with 
all  ih.ii  his  faiiier  did  to  aid  the  colonies  in 
their  struggle  wiih  ('.real  liritain,  and  upon 
him  it  lin.illy  devolved  lo  effect  a  settlement 
with  them.  It  was  a  lask  of  great  diflicidly. 
The  depreciation  of  paper  money,  and  the 
differing  currencies  of  the  States,  were  ob- 
stacles .almost  insiirmounlnble.  Tearing  liim- 
sell  from  the  sediiclifms  of  the  most  elegant 
c  iiurl  in  luirope,  ami  from   the  near  prospect 


1 


./    /!().\.tr.lRir.    /X   .\( 'A' /•//A'A'A'    ,\7  H"    li'A'A'. 


89 


I 


of  ;i  hrilli.int  marriage,  he  sailed  (bi  the  I  iiitcd 
Slates,  to  ilistiiit^iiished  (  iti/.eiis  ol"  wliich 
l''iaiiklin  had  j^iveii  liiiii  letters;  and  yet,  not- 
withstanding liis  talents  and  enerj^y,  sirenj^th- 
cncd  hy  all  the  inlliieme  of  Iranklin,  and 
.Morris,  and  A(lani>,  it  was  not  until  17.S0  that 
a  Settlement  was  effe<  led  ;  just  in  tiini'  to  save 
his  father  from  a  luimilialin,';  l)ankru|>t(  y . 

While  in  the  I'niied  Slates  he  became  ac- 
qiiainted  witii  two  men  who  l.ir;4ely  inlliienced 
his  sul)se(|uent  career, —  (louverneur  Morris 
and  Count  de  I, a  Foret,  Consul-Cieiieral  of 
France, —  who  i'uhiced  him  to  make  heavy 
purchases  of  land  In  company  with  the 
latter,  lie  purchaseij  a  large  tra<t  in  Otse^^o 
county,  and  estahlished  as  his  agent  there 
Judge  Cooper,  father  of  the  great  novelist. 
With  the  former  lie  made  extensive  i)ur- 
chases  in  Xorthern  New  York,  and  h)  reason 
of  these  purchases  it  was  that  Joseph  iiona- 
parte  <ame  upon  the  scene.  In  1790,  young 
Le  Ray  became  a  naturalized  <iti/en  of  the 
United  States,  and  married  the  daughter  of 
(Charles  Coxe,  l'^s(|  ,  of  New  Jersey,  returning 
to  h'rance  the  same  year.  IJetween  that  and 
iSio,  he  iiad  several  times  visited  tiie  United 
States  ;  returning  to  France  in  that  year,  he 
settled  ui)on  his  estates  in  Touraine.  and  busied 
himself  in  settling  his  affairs  in  Northern  New 
York.  The  last  meeting  for  more  than  a 
decade  between  young  Le  Ray  and  Joseph 
Honaparte,  was  on  the  occasion  of  the  signing 
of  the  treaty  between  F'rance  and  the  I'nited 
States  at  Morte  F^ontaine,  Sei)tember  30,  1800, 
at  which  time  they  dined  together.  Fifteen 
years  Later  came  the  downfall  of  Najioleon, 
and  with  him  tliat  of  his  family.  Hearing 
tiiat  Joseph  was  at  Hiois,  M'  Le  Ray  hastened 
to  offer  his  friendship.  He  was  warmly  wel- 
comed, and  the  intimacy  of  former  years  was 
renewed. 

One  day  while  at  dinner,  a  train  of  wagons 
l)assed  the  window  near  which  they  were 
silting.  Joseph,  turning  to  jM'  Le  Ray,  said: 
"  Mon  ami,  I  remember  that  you  have  spoken 
to  me  of  your  large  possessions  in  the  United 
States.  Do  you  still  hold  them?  If  so,  I 
should  like  to  exchange  for  a  part  of  them 
some  of  the  silver  that  1  have  in  those  wagons, 


which  may  be  pillaged  .il  anv  moment.  Take 
four  or  five  humlred  thou-.. mil  francs,  and  give 
me  the  ei|uivalenl  in  hind."  Thin  NF  Le  Ray 
ile(  lined,  saying:  "  It  is  impossible  to  make  a 
birg.iin  where  I  alone  know  the  facts,  "Oh," 
s;iid  Joseph,  "  I  know  you  well,  and  I  rely 
nio.e  upon  your  word  than  u|).in  my  own 
judgmenl." 

.\  bargain  was  soon  entered  into,  the  terms 
of  which  were,  that  for  200,000  francs  the 
elder  Le  Ray  would  give  Joseph  lionaparti-  a 
letter  to  his  son  \'incent,  then  in  the  L'nited 
States,  instructing  him  to  show  to  the  ex-king 
a  certain  tract  ;  when,  if  approved  of  by  him 
after  seeing  it,  the  sale  wouhl  be  confirmed. 
If  not  approved,  the  money  was  to  be  returned. 
The  bargain  was  consummated  with  a  slight 
change  in  the  terms  of  payment. 

Some  writers  have  asserted  that  Jose]  '' 
Bona|)arte's  farewell  to  F'rance  was  an  esca- 
pade ;  but  whether  true  or  not,  he  reached 
the  United  States  in  1815,  and  Northern  New 
\'ork  in  1818.  Of  his  career  in  New  Jersey 
and  elsewhere,  this  account  has  nothing  to  do, 
as  it  proposes  to  deal  with  his  affairs  in 
Northern  New  York  and  not  elsewhere,  unless 
it  may  be  incidentally.  On  arriving  in  the 
United  States  he  assumed  the  title  of  Count 
de  Survilliers,  by  which  name  and  title  only 
he  desired  to  be  known.  His  purchase  in- 
cluded the  greater  part  of  the  town  of  Diana, 
in  Lewis  county,  together  with  portions  of 
several  towns  in  Jefferson  county,  lying  prin- 
cipally in  the  valley  of  the  Black  River  and  on 
the  shores  of  I>ake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Law- 
rence river;  the  whole  amounting  to  150,000 
acres,  which  was  jiaid  for  in  diamonds  and 
silver.  Subse(inently,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
diamonds  had  fallen  to  half  their  former  value 
in  market,  other  arrangements  were  entered 
into,  and  in  1820  the  count  accepted  a  tract 
of  26,840  acres,  for  which  he  paid  $40,260. 

He  now  memorialized  the  Legislature  of 
New  York  to  grant  him  the  ])rivilege  of  hold- 
ing titles  in  his  own  name.  In  his  memorial, 
he  says:  "  Not  being  of  the  number  of  those 
who  would  wish  to  abandon  this  land  of  hos|)i- 
tality,  where  the  best  rights  of  man  prevail,  I 
am  nevertheless  bound  to  my  own  country  by 


90 


A  sori'/:.y/A'  or  the  sr.  lawkkxc/-:  r/ver. 


ties  wliicli  misiortunes  reiukM-  sacred.'"  The 
privileji;!,-  solicited  was  granted  by  a  special  ai  t, 
hearing  tlate  March  ^51,  1S25.  llavini;  ac- 
(|uired  his  titles,  the  ex-king  began  tn  explore 
his  jiossessions;  and  it  is  told  of  him  that  wlan- 
ever  it  was  possible,  he  traveled  in  great  state. 
Under  any  eirciinistaiices,  his  private  secre- 
tary, M.  C'arot,  his  cook,  butler,  valet  and 
page  constituted  ln\  suite;  these,  with  the  ser- 
vants of  his  guests,  of  whom  he  usuaoy  enter- 
tained several,  made  uj)  a  train,  which,  in  the 
eyes  of  the  simple  backwoodsnuai  of  those  days, 
formed  a  jiageant  long  to  be  remembered. 
Those  were  the  times  when  die  old  country 
tavern  was  in  the  ascendant  ;  and  how  to 
dispose  of  such  a  retinue,  became  at  times  a 
jiroblem  too  intricate  for  the  rural  host  to 
solve. 

On  one  occasion,  when  on  his  way  to  spend 
the  winter  in  New  York  and  l'hiladeli)hia,  his 
train  was  unusually  large,  having  for  his  guests, 
Count  I'ierre  I'ranrois  Real,  who  was  Chef  de 
I'olice  under  the  I''an|ieror,  and  who  then  li\ed 
at  C'ape  X'incent,  Jefferson  county :  I'aiimanuel 
('ount  de  Cirouchy  ami  (leneral  Desfurneau.x, 
who,  with  their  attendants,  were  also  going  to 
the  metropolis,  together  with  several  distin- 
guished gentlemen  from  Albany,  who  had  been 
guests  of  Count  Sur\illiers  at  llonaparte  lake. 
They  halted  in  the  evening  at  a  well-known  hos- 
telry in  the  Mohawk  \  alley,  kept  I;-  a  sturdy  old 
Dutchman.  As  was  by  no  means  uncommon 
among  those  wlio  were  in  company  with  ('ount 
Survilliers,  a  night  of  revelry  followed;  a  kingly 
revel,  where  the  guests  were  served  <m  silver 
by  I'arisian  waiters.  The  choicest  vintages 
were  served  in  \'enetian-eut  glass,  and  the 
costliest  teas  and  coffees  in  Sevres  china. 
I''irst,  drinking  to  the  idol  of  their  hearts,  him 
who  was  even  then  breaking  his  heart  against 
the  bars  of  St.  Helena,  and  whom  the\'  seldom 
for  a  moment  forgot,  they  gave  way  to  amuse- 
ment and  hilarity.  Song  and  story  followed 
in  rapid  succession,  witticisms  sparkled  like 
the  bead  upon  their  champagne,  while  the 
worthy  host,  called  here  and  there,  often  two 
ways  at  the  same  moment,  was  half  cra/ed. 
and  wholly  bewildered.  In  the  morning 
M.  Carot,  the  Count's  private  secretary,  c.dled 


upon  the  landlord  to  present  his  bill.  This 
was  ,1  poser;  never  before  in  that  house,  had  a 
bill  of  items  been  asked  for,  but  the  crisis  had 
come,  aiul  it  must  be  met:  and  so  the  worthy 
I'oniface,  groaning  over  the  unwonted  mental 
exertion  reipiired,  set  slowly  a.bout  his  task. 
.•\ided  by  the  "good  frouw,"  whose  ipialifica- 
tions  as  an  accountant,  were,  if  possible,  fewer 
than  his  own,  he  llnally,  with  much  mental 
trawiil,  produced  a  bill  which  seemed  to  meet 
the  reipiirements;  and  with  some  tre]iidation 
in  his  manner,  he  presented  it  to  M.  l!arot. 
It  was  a  bill  for  !«;2oo.  The  astute  secretary 
detected  the  exorbitant  charges  at  a  glance, 
and  looked  witli  dismay  upon  the  fmal  footing, 
the  manifest  result  of  an  attem[)t  to  divide  a 
Luge  sum  total  among  a  few  items  only;  the 
house  as  a  m.uter  of  fact,  having  contributed 
but  very  little  toward  the  entertainment. 

Noticing  the  look  upon  his  secretary's  face, 
Count  Survillijrs  dem  nided  to  see  the  bill. 
It  was  h.mded  to  him,  and  thence  ran  the 
guanllet  of  the  merry  company,  who,  shouting 
with  laughter  at  Mynheer's  uniipie  spe'-imen 
f)f  bookkeeping,  nevertheless  protested  ag.unst 
his  outrageous  charges  ;  which,  allowing  him 
the  highest  possible  jjrices  for  labor  and  sup- 
jilies,  would  scarcely  amount  to  850.  The 
bill  was  returned  to  the  landlord,  and  the  ex- 
orbitant charges  pointed  out;  in  process  of 
time  an  amended  dl  was  brought  in,  which 
cont.iined  a  very  lairly  itenii/ed  account 
amounting  10  $50,  after  which  followed  the 
crowning  entry:   "  To  making  in  mine  house 

one  d (I   fuss,  , SI  50," — thus  triumiih:nuly 

sustaining  the  origir.al  grand  total.  Saying 
"chea])  enough,  too,"  the  ex-king  ordered 
M.  (^irot,  to  settle  the  bill.  i''or  m:uiy  years 
thereafter  that  same  bill  was  in  the  jjossession 
of  one  of  Albany's  most  distinguished  citi/.ens, 
who  fre(|uentlv  exhibited  it  to  his  friends  as  a 
"model  .Moll,  wk-valley  tavern  bill." 

{'ount  Survilliers  made  a  number  of  im- 
provements in  various  pans  of  his  dom.iin,  and 
exjiended  nione\'  with  a  princely  liberality, 
thereby  benefiting  many  a  ])oor  man,  who  in 
those  days  woidd  otherwise  ha\e  handled 
money  but  rarely.  .\t  Natural  Hridge,  he 
erected  :i  large  framed  house,  with  all  the  con- 


A    JtOXA/'Ah'TI:    l.\  .\0A-/7//:a\V    .V/.W     )  CA'A'. 


91 


venieiU  acressoiiL's  of  ;i  i^iMitlciiKin's  summer 
residoiui'  aiul  liiinislu'd  it  il  n.iiitly  at  a  j^rcat 
c\|i(.'iisc'.  Here,  lor  several  seasons,  llie  ex- 
kiiv^  kej)!  open  lioiise,  and  was  visited  at  limes 
li\-  some  of  those  whom,  in  iiis  days  of  regal 
pomp  and  power,  he  had  entertained  at  court 
in  Naples  and  in  Madrid.  Amnnt;  the  more 
constant  of  his  i^uesls,  however,  were  Count 
Real;  the  Peuj;net  brothers,  I,ouis,  Hyacinthe 
and  I'heophihis;  Louis,  having;  been  a  captain 
in  the  I'anperor's  body  j^uard,  an  ol'ticer  of  the 
corps  d'elile;  still  wore  the  cross  of  the  Legion 
d'llor.neur,  |)laced  u]>on  his  breast  by  the  L'-m- 
peror's  own  hand;  Cieneral  Holland,  tlount 
Real's  son-in-law  ('ol.  Jermoux,  C'amille 
Armand,  and  others,  all  livini;  at  Ca])e  Vincent, 
where  M.  Le  Ray  had  founded  a  ])rosperoiis 
\illage  and  erected  a  stately  mansif)n,  now  the 
property  of  Mrs.  Beaufort,  and  her  sister.  Miss 
Emeline  I'eunnet,  daughters  of  Captain  Louis 
Peugnet  ;  estimable,  refined  ladies  are  they, 
well  known  far  beyoiul  the  bounds  of  their 
village-home. 

There  are  many  circumstances  which  ren- 
der it  probable  that  these  re-unions,  in  which 
i\r  Le  Kay  was  by  no  means  the  least  honored 
guest,  and  which  he  often  reciprocated  by 
gathering  the  entire  company  under  his  own 
roof,  either  in  his  stalely  chateau  at  Le  kays- 
\ille,  or  in  his  house  at  Cape  \'incent,  were 
for  the  purpose  of  discussing  matters  of  much 
greater  importance  than  <lis(piisiiions  on  mat- 
ters piscatorial,  or  the  art  of  venery;  although 
hunting  and  llshiiig  was  the  ostensible  object. 
The  woods  abounded  in  game,  and  tln'  streams 
and  the  lakes  with  fish.  A  beautiful  lake  of 
some  1200  acres  area,  abounding  in  the 
c:hoicest  varieties  of  llsh,  and  forming  a  iKirl 
of  the  Count's  ilomain,  was  but  a  few  miles 
from  his  mansion,  at  Natural  Bridge.  \.  \. 
It  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  with  bold  and 
rocky  shores,  its  surface  sprinkled  with  isl.md 
geins,  —  an  archii)elago  in  minature.  On  ,in 
eminence  overlooking  its  shores  the  Count 
erected  a  <'ommodioiis  hunting  lodge,  and 
opened  a  road  from  the  f)ld  State  Turnpike 
to  the  lake,  on  which  boats  were  launched  and 
every  possible  convenience  pnnided  for  both 
hunting    and     fishing,    of    which     sport-     die 


Count  was  extremly  fond;  and  yet,  to  use  the 
|)hraseology  of  a  man  who  worked  on  the 
building  mentioned,  and  who  r-i  yet  living  at 
N.itural  T.ridge:  "'They  didn't  seem  to  hunt 
and  fish  much  a'ter  .ill."  This  charming  lake 
(llona|)arte,  now  named)  is  now  the  property 
of  lion.  Joseph  I'ahud,  a  superior  and  most 
interesting  gentleman,  and  he  has  erected  a 
neat  hotel  there,  a  \er\  paradise  for  anyone 
desiring  rest,  condjined  witli  llsh  and  game. 

'That  a  scheme  was  formed  to  rescue  the 
Emperor  from  the  custody  of  Sir  lluds(m 
Lowe,  and  s|iirit  him  away  to  the  I'niled 
Slates,  there  can  now  be  no  doubt.  'The 
I'reiK  h  residents  of  Ca])e  \'incent,  .ifter  the 
news  of  Napoleon's  death  was  received,  did 
not  hesitate  to  a\()w  that  such  had  been 
their  purpose.  A  well-known  American  naval 
commander,  whose  reputation  for  courage, 
skill  aiul  daring,  even  to  recklessness  at  times, 
could  not  lie  (piesiioned,  was  to  have  aided 
llie  scheme;  and  with  his  help,  they  hoped  to 
succeed.  It  is  also  highly  i)rol)al)le  that,  in 
some  w.iy,  the  exiles  on  St.  Helena  were  made 
aware  of  the  elfmts  on  foot  to  secure  their 
liber.ition.  A  letter  written  by  Count  Ber- 
trand  to  Jose|ih  Bonaparte  on  the  death  of 
the  iMiiperor,  after  announcing  the  satl  e\ent, 
says  of  him:  "  'The  hope  of  lea\  ing  this  dread- 
ful country  often  presented  itself  to  his  imagi- 
nation. Some  newspajier  articles  added  to, 
and  excited  our  expectations.  We  soinetimes 
f.incied  that  we  were  on  the  eve  of  starting 
lor  .Vinerica  ;  we  read  travels  ;  we  maile  |>lans; 
we  arrived  at  your  house;  we  wandered  ov'T 
that  great  country,  where  alone  we  miglii 
hope  to  enjoy  liberty.  Vain  hopes  !  \'ain 
projects  I  which  only  made  us  doubly  feci  our 
misf()rtunes. " 

That  t'ount  Real  erected  a  house  at  Cape 
\'incent  for  the  reception  of  his  adored  Chief, 
is  so  well  known  in  that  locality  that  it  "goes 
without  saving;  "  and  also  that  during  its  erec- 
tion. Count  Survilliers  was  oftener  a  visitor  at 
Cape  \'incent  than  at  any  other  time.  'Then, 
too,  his  constant  communication  with  this  band 
of  enthusiastic  impel'. dists,  and  es|)ecially  with 
Professor  I'igeon,  who  was  Private  Secretary 
to  C'ouiit  Real,  and  who,  no  doubt,  wrote  every 


92 


A   SOUVEAUR   OF    Tllf:   ST.   I.AWREXCE  RIVER. 


fi      \ 


\\ 


letter  and  every  communication  of  wiiatever 
nature  relating  to  their  secret  plans. 

It  was  I'rof.  Pigeon  who  took  a  vow  never 
to  cover  his  head  while  Napoleon  was  a  pris- 
oner;  and  notwithstandmg  the  severity  of  the 
winters  in  Northern  New  Vork,  he  steatlfasily 
adiiered  to  his  resolution  until  the  death  of 
the  iMiiperor  released  him  from  his  vow. 

During  Josepii  lionaparte's  hist  visit  to 
lionapartc  Lake,  a  tragedy  occurred  that,  for 
some  lime,  threw  a  gloom  over  his  daily  life, 
which  seemed  impossible  for  him  to  shake  off. 
Not  far  from  Monaiiarte  Lake  is  Cireen  Lake, 
a  body  of  water  not  half  the  size  of  ISonaparte 
Lake,  and  as  dismal,  gloomy  and  repulsive  as 
the  other  is  delightful.  Its  shores  are  bold 
and  rocky;  and  owing  to  a  mass  of  fallen  tim- 
ber, which  forms  an  almost  impenetrable 
cheveaux  de  frieze  around  it,  it  is  very  difficult 
of  access.  Not  far  from  the  water's  edge,  at 
a  ])oint  where  the  rocky  wall  almost  reaches 
it,  is  a  cave  so  dark  and  dismal  that  it  became 
known  as  the  "Cave  of  the  Sepulchre,"  a 
name  which  a  subsequent  occurrence  served 
to  establish  more  completely,  if  possible,  than 
it  was  before. 

Among  the  attendants  of  the  count,  was  a 
young  J"'renchman  nameil  Jean  Vallois,  who 
paid  marked  attention  to  the  daughter  of  a 
French  settler  living  in  the  vicinity.  She  was 
a  beautiful  girl,  and  it  was  not  long  liefore 
they  were  almost  inseiiarable.  It  was  espe- 
cially their  delight  to  take  a  boat  and  row 
away  together  among  the  islands,  or  climb  the 
rocks  to  find  some  new  view  on  which  to 
feast  their  eyes.  Count  Survilliers  was  him- 
self too  fond  of  the  fair  sex  to  put  any  re- 
straint on  the  loves  of  his  followers,  and  so 
the  liaison  went  on  uninterru])ted  until  it  be- 
came ai)|)arent  to  all  that  a  climax  was  not  far 
distant.  One  day  the  young  people  an- 
nounced their  intention  to  visit  dreen  Lake, 
which  was  but  a  short  distance  away.  They 
were  never  seen  again.  Days  lengthened  into 
weeks,  and  weeks  into  months,  and  yet  no 
trace  of  them  was  found.  The  woods  were 
scoured  far  and  wide  in  every  direction,  and 
the  waters  of  dreen  Lake  dragged  in  vain. 
Years  sped  on,  and  finally  the  old  Frenchman 


and  his  wife  died,  and  gradually  the  occur- 
rence f.ided  from  rei  ollection.  In  1S50  a 
party  iif  hunters  conceived  the  idea  of  explor- 
ing the  Cave  of  the  Sepulcher.  Providing 
themselves  with  an  abundance  of  material  for 
lights  and  whatever  else  they  deemed  neces- 
sary, the  e\pl(, ration  was  made.  Among  the 
rubbish  in  the  bottom  of  the  cave  some  bones 
were  found,  which  were  thought  to  be  those 
of  ,in  animal.  One  of  the  jiarty,  however,  in 
looking  closer,  iliscovered  a  human  skull,  and 
further  search  revealed  another  ;  then  some 
little  'inkets  were  found  ;  and  finally  a  .Span- 
ish gold  coin,  on  one  siile  of  which  was 
stamped  the  head  of  Joseph  Ponaparte. 
When  these  facts  became  known,  it  was  re- 
membered that  Count  Survilliers  had  often 
presented  similar  pieces  to  members  of  his 
suite,  and  to  particular  friends  as  souvenirs  of 
some  special  occasion.  This  fact  coupled 
with  the  medical  testimony,  that  one  of  the 
skulls  found  belonged  to  a  male  and  the  other 
to  a  female,  made  the  conclusion  almost  irre- 
sistible that  these  were  none  other  than  the 
remains  of  Jean  Vallois  and  the  I''re;u:h 
maiden  so  soon  to  become  a  mother.  Whether 
it  was  deliberate  suicide  on  the  jiart  of  lioth, 
or  whether  they  fell  victims  to  a  beast  of 
(Hey,  will  never  be  known  so  far  as  human 
knowledge  is  concerned. 

It  would  seem  that  a  fondness  for  the  fair 
sex  was  the  dominant  weakness  of  Count 
Survilliers.  The  story  of  his  marriage  to  the 
little  (Quakeress  of  Hordentown,  N.  J.,  .An- 
nette Savage,  has  been  told  so  often  and  in  so 
many  ways  that  it  is  now  difficult  to  get  at 
the  real  facts.  It  has  been  asserted  that  he 
contracted  another  marriage  du  covenance, 
in  Philadelphia;  but  it  is  now  known  that  the 
reputed  Philadelphia  wife  was  no  other  than 
the  liordentown  lady;  no  longer  Countess 
Survilliers,  but  Madame  Delafolie.  The  re- 
sult of  that  marriage  was  a  beautiful  daughter, 
who  was  named  t'aroline  Delafolie,  and  who 
afterward  married  Col.  Z.  Howard  llenton,  by 
whom  she  had  two  children,  Josephine  and 
Josejjh  Ponaparte  P.enton.  It  was  the  ruling 
desire  of  Mrs.  (Caroline  Penton's  life  to  be 
acknowledged   by  the  1!  >naparte   family;  and 


J- 


I     1 


I    , 


A    nO.\'.U\UrfF.    L\  AVVr/V/AVv'A'  AVf/r    IVVi'A'. 


93 


.1 


wliun  I.ouis  Xnpolcon  nscencied  the  tliroiic 
she  journeyed  to  Paris,  lioping  to  accomplish 
lier  purpose,  and  she  is  said  to  have  succeeded. 
In  Haddock's  History  of  Jefferson  county, 
]).  440,  tills  sujjjei  t  is  fairly  handled.  Through 
the  kindness  of  Minister  Wasiiburn  she  was 
admitted  to  an  aiiilience  with  the  I^niperor, 
who  received  her  favorably.  On  their  return  to 
the  United  States  they  gave  glowing  accounts 
of  their  reception  at  court,  and  of  the  appoint- 
ment of  their  daugiiter  Josephine  to  the  posi- 
tion of  maid  of  honor  to  the  I-',m|)ress  luigenie. 
The  disastrous  termination  of  the  Franco- 
I'russian  war  forever  ended  any  hopes  that 
centered  on  Louis  Xajxileon.  however  willing 
he  might  have  Ijeen  to  aid  his  kinsfolk. 

There  is  a  house  yet  standing  in  Evans' 
Mills  which  Count  Survilliers  erected  for 
Madame  Delafolie,  and  his  summer  residence 
at  Natural  Bridge  is  shown  upon  another  page. 
He  also  built  a  stone  liouse  on  the  shore  of 
Perch  Lake,  in  the  town  of  Pamelia,  N.  Y. 
'I'his  was  also  richly  furnislied  throughout  ; 
the  fireplaces  were  fitted  with  marble  mantels, 
and  the  whole  house  was  finished  t(j  corres- 
pond. This  was  intended  for  a  winter  resi- 
dence, being  within  easy  reach  of  his  friends 
at  Cajjc  \  incent,  and  of  the  chateau  of 
M.  de  Le  Ray,  at  Le  Raysville.  This  i)arl 
of  his  domain  was  afterward  sold  to  John 
La  Farge,  another  l''rench  emigre,  liut  now 
scarcely  one  stone  stands  ui)on  ano'her  to 
m.irk  what  was  once  the  dwelling  of  royalty. 
.\  nei)liew  of  Count  Survilliers,  Joac  him  Murat, 
was  a  fretiuent  guest  of  his  uncle,  who  ])re- 
sented  him  with  a  tract  of  land  lying  between 
the  i)resent  villages  of  .\ntwerp  and  'I'lieresa. 
Here  the  young  man  began  business  on  a 
large  scale.  He  caused  a  canal  to  be  dug, 
a  dam  was  built  on  Indian  river,  and  a  mill 
erected,  a  storehouse  and  dwellings  put  up,  a 


town  laid  out  on  a  grand  scale,  and  every 
preparation  made  for  a  city  in  the  wilderness, 
but  it  failed  to  materialize.  \Vhile  the  young 
Murat  possessed  all  the  natural  proclivities 
which  constitute  the  modern  "  boomer,"  he 
was  half  a  century  in  advance  of  the  times; 
settlers  failed  to  come,  the  development  of  the 
country  was  slow,  the  locality  was  olf  the 
natural  lines  of  communication,  so  that  after 
the  exiienditure  of  a  fortune,  he  was  forced 
to  abandon  the  enter[)rise,  and  now  but  little 
remains  to  indicate  the  spot  where  In-  fondly 
hoped  to  rear  the  llourishing  city  of  "Joachim  " 
In  1833,  or  it  may  be  in  the  spring  of  1834, 
Josejjh  l!ona])arte  returned  to  France,  and 
Northern  New  York  knew  him  no  more.  In 
1835  his  agent.  Judge  Josei)h  lioyer,  sold  all 
his  remaining  lands  in  Jefferson  and  Lewis 
counties  to  John  La  Farge.  At  this  time, 
political  events  in  France  ajiparently  favored 
a  reinstatement  of  the  Bonaparte  family,  and 
Count  Survilliers,  hopeful  that  the  next  turn 
of  the  political  wheel  would  bring  the  liona- 
partes  to  the  surface,  was  anxious  to  be  where 
his  greatest  interests  lay,  and  where  his  per- 
sonal efforts  might  be  of  some  avail.  With 
the  sal  of  his  landed  estates,  his  interests  in 
a  country  where,  to  use  his  own  expression, 
"'i'lie  best  rights  (jf  man  prevail,"  entirely 
ceased.  Some  three  or  four  old  men  are  yet 
alive,*  who,  in  the  capacity  of  guides  or 
laborers  for  the  ex-king,  can  relate  some  anec- 
dote of  him  ;  but  of  his  real  li  ■  while  in 
Northern  New  York,  scarce  anything  is  pub- 
licly known  beyond  what  is  embodied  in 
this  brief  sketch.  Of  one  who  was  king  of 
Naples,  who  sat  on  the  throne  of  Spain,  whose 
brother  was  ar.  emi)eror,  and  wore  the  diadem 
of  the  Ca;sars,  and  whose  acts  have  filled 
more  pages  of  history  than  did  those  of  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  it  seems  trilling  indeed. 


*  In  Haddock's  History  of  Jfirerson  county,  cited  al)ove,  he  mentions  Hon.  L.  I.ncalls,  tlic  veteran 
tdilDi,  c)f  Watcriown,  N.  Y..  and  Mr.  Hi..\m  iiakh,  of  Natural  Bridge,  as  well  remembering  Joseph  Bona- 
p.ute.  Ml,  Im;\i  IS  wns  ilicn  a  boy.  and  iccollecis  the  cx-king  as  a  fal,  full-chested,  pleasant  old  man, 
dcligliiing  10  sit  in  his  doorway  of  a  summer  iveiiiiig  and  llirmv  pennies  by  handsful  among  the  boys,  to  see 
them  scramble  and  tight  for  tiiem.  Mr.  Bi  an(  11  auh  is  past  iiiiicly,  but  is  a  remarkably  bright  old  gentleman. 
He  worked  for  the  ex  king  upon  ilic  Natural  bridge  dwelling,  and  tells  how  loseph  would  don  the  dress  of  a 
workman,  when  the  lit  look  him,  and  work  in  lathing  the  house,  pieparatory  to  plastering.  He  asserts  that 
the  e.\  king  was  coni|)aiiionabIe  and  agreeable,  and  le.tdily  approachable,  always  charit.ibli^  and  considerate, 


1 


THE  MYSTERY  OF  MAPLE   ISLAND. 


I'^     M  \  l"l<     I.     H.    Dl'KllAM. 


')li,  ill, 11   I  well'  ,1  |i.iiillc'r  '. 
A  lillinn  giiidr  lo  l)C\  iiiio 

\W\  ^'''■'''    '■"^'■•^^'".  "II  »l"t-li  llK-  tra-cdy 
I        I     which  I  ainalioiii  to  nlalc  look  [ilacc, 
lies  a  liltic  bryond  thu  main  stcamlioat  chaniK'l 
nil  the  Anieiii  an  side,  ahmiM   in  from  of,  and 
in    plain     view     lioni    the    balconies    of    the 
"  FronteihH   "   on    Round    I^lalld.      It   has   an 
area  of  about    six   acres,  and  a  high  ridge  ex- 
tends ac  ross  it  from  east  to  west,  or  nearly  so, 
whi'h    is   inclined    to   be   |ireci|iitous   on   the 
north  and  north-west.      l''or  the  most  part,  the 
island  is  covered  by  a  thick  undergrowth  with 
hero  and    there  a   few   larger   trees,  excepting 
on  the  south  side  of  the  dividing  ridge,  where 
the   timber   has    been  cut  awav,  leaving  a  tri- 
angular shaped  clearing    with   its  apex  at  the 
top  of  the  ridge.      'I'here  is  nothing  about  it  to 
attract  especial  attention. 

Some    time    siiue,   while  glancing  through 
the   columns  of   (.'layton's  newsv   weekly.   On 
the  St.  [.awrence.  I  lighted   upon  a  brief  ,irti- 
I  le  which  at  (Mice  engrossed  my  attention.     At 
ihi>   date   I   <-.'.Mnot   give   more    than    the  sub- 
stance of  tiie  sketch,  having  mislaid    the  clip- 
ping   mule    at    the   time;    but    if  my  niemorv 
serves    me    It    was   headed:   "The   Tragedv  of 
^f'M'l''    l-^laml  :"  at  all    events,  if  not    this  in 
exact  terms,  it  conveyed  the  idea   so   forciblv 
that  I  read  and  re-read  the  article,  vainly  Irv- 
ing to  recall  something  ih.n  I  had  read  before, 
which    in  .1  vague,  shadowy  way  seemed  <on- 
nected  with  it.       I'lie  substance  of  the  article 
in  (piestion  is  as  follows  : 

in  the  summer  of    i,S65,  in  the  early  part  of 
.lune,  a  stranger    m  ide    his   a|ipearam  e  at  the 


wlio  coiilil  a  piriiii,    Mi.ikc, 
lliis  Island  iiivsleiv. 

hotel  in  the  little  hamlet  of  ImsIum's  Landing, 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river, 
below  Round  Lsland,  ,ind  opposite  Thousaiul 
Island  I'ark,  which  at  that  time  had  no  exist- 
ence. It  was  a  singular  fact  that  althongh  he 
grive  a  name,  which  is  not  now  remembered, 
he  never  signed  the  hotel  register. 

He    was    a    broad-shouldereil,    dark-haired 
man,  moustache  and  goatee,  genteelly  dressed, 
evidently  not  more   than   twenty-five  years  of 
a,ge,  probably  less;  of  very  agreeable  manners, 
but  very  reticnt,  and  with  the  characteristics 
of  .1  Southerner.      He  s|.ent  his  time  chiefly  in 
looking  about   the  country,  visiting,  at   times, 
the  little  village    of  Omar,  and    rowing  in   a 
skiff  .imong  the  adjoining  islands.      He  finally 
announced  his  intention  of  erecting  a  cabin  on 
(Hie   of  the   islands,    the    better    to   enioy  his 
fivorite     iiastime    of    fishing.       He     selected 
.Maple    Island    as  his  jdace  of   residence,  and 
at   CKiyton  he   |iiirchase(l   lumber  and  all   the 
necessary   materi.ils    tor    the    structure,   hired 
them  transported  to  the  island,  engaged  work- 
men lo   build  it.  bought   a  skiff  with  its  oi:tfit, 
and  the  liirniture  necessary  for  housekeeping, 
and  in  a  short  time  occupied  his   island  domi- 
cile.     His  food  supplies  —  bread,  butter,  eggs, 
milk    and    vegetables — were    obtained    from 
firmers  on    Cirindsione    Isl.md,    and    his  gro- 
ceries  from  Cl.ivton.      He  made   no   intimate 
ac.piaintances,  though,  if  a  ch.ince  caller   vis- 
ited him.  which  was  but  seldom,  he  w.is  treated 
coiirteouslv,   but   never   invited   to    rejieat    the 
tall.      He  was  known  to  have  cpiile  .i  store  of 


J 


^ 


i 


77/ A'  MYSTERY  OF  MAPLE  I  SLA  SO. 


97 


I 


hooks,  atiil  to  amuse  himself  hy  phiying  iii)on 
the  violin,  as  the  strains  uf  one  were  often 
heard  proceeding  from  his  cahin,  which  stood 
in  a  dense  thicket  against  a  wall  of  rock,  and 
so  hidden  that  it  could  not  be  seen  from  a 
l)assing  skiff.  The  summer  months  sped 
away,  and  so  (piiet  and  undemonstrative  was 
the  stranger  that  he  would  have  been  almost 
entirely  forgotten  but  for  his  semi-occasional 
visits  to  Clayton  for  sup|)iics. 

Very  early  in  the  autumn,  and  it  may  have 
been  during  the  last  days  of  August,  several 
strangers  made  their  appearance  on  the  river, 
stopping  for  a  time  at  Alexandria  Jlay,  at 
Fisher's  l,anding,  and  at  Clayton.  As  it  was 
nothing  unusual  to  see  strangers  at  these 
jilaces,  no  especial  notice  was  taken  of  them 
further  than  that  they  all  seemed  to  be 
Southerners.  Itut  tor  subsequent  events,  this 
would  not  have  been  remarked,  as  it  was  by 
no  means  an  unusual  thing  for  Southerners  to 
\isit  the  Thousand  Islands,  i)rominent  even 
then  as  a  resort  for  those  who  affected  the 
rod  and  gun. 

ISut  an  event  took  i)lace  which  arrested  the 
attention  and  aroused  the  sympathy  of  the 
l)eople  ;  a  bloody  mystery,  which  to-day  is 
almost  as  great  a  mystery  as  ever,  and  one 
which  will,  in  all  probability,  never  be  fully 
solved,  until  the  day  when  all  mysteries  shall 
be  made  clear. 

It  was  in  September;  the  loveliest  montii  on 
the  St.  Lawrence.  As  the  i)oet  Reade, 
sings:  — 

"  The  season  where  thi;  light  of  dreams 

.Vrounil  the  year  in  golden  glory  lies;  — 

'I'liu  heavens  arc  lull  of  llouting  mysteries, 

.\nd  down  the  lake  tlie  veiled  S|)k'ndor  beanisl 

Like  liiddcn  poets  lie  the  hn/.y  streams. 

Mantled  with  mysteries  of  their  own  romance. 

While  scarce  a  bre.^th  distiirbes  their  drowsy  trance." 

It  was  on  such  an  evening  that  a  bright 
light  was  seen  by  residents  of  Clayton,  on 
.Maple  Island.  It  was  conjectured  at  once 
that  the  Hermit's  cabin  had  caught  fire,  but 
as  it  was  im[)ossible  to  reach  him  in  time  to  be 
of  any  assistance,  and  ai)i)rehending  no  per- 
son.il  danger  to  him,  but  little  thought  was 
given  to  the  occurrence;   further  than  that   he 


was  expected  to  come  ashore  for  lodgings  at  a 
hotel;  but  as  he  did  not  come  within  a  reason- 
able time,  it  was  thought  that  he  had  rowed 
over  totirindstone  Islanil,  or  down  toCirenell's 
tavern,  which  stood  where  the  I'ullman 
Hotel  now  stands,  and  so  nothing  more  was 
thought  of  the  matter  that  night. 

The  next  m(3rning,  some  fishermen  went 
ashore  on  Maple  Island,  and  visited  the  spot 
where  the  cabin  stood.  They  saw  at  once 
that  something  unusual  had  occurred.  The 
ground  was  tramped  as  with  many  feet.  Evi- 
dences of  a  desperate  struggle  were  on  every 
hand.  Traces  of  blood  were  found  on  the 
bushes,  and  then  robbery  and  murder  was 
suspected.  .\  careful  search  was  instituted, 
and  finally  the  body  of  the  unfortunate  occu- 
pant was  found  near  the  water's  edge,  on  the 
lower  end  of  the  island.  His  throat  was  cut 
from  ear  to  ear,  and  a  knife  thrust  had  nearly 
severed  the  heart.  There  was  no  clothing  on 
the  botly  except  a  pair  of  drawers,  and  across 
the  b;east  three  crosses  were  cut  in  a  triangle, 
one  cross  forming  its  apex,  and  two  its  base. 
To  the  discovers  of  the  body,  these  had  no 
especial  significance.  They  saw  nothing 
beyond  plain  murder  and  robbery.  It  might 
have  been  stated  before,  that  the  deceased 
was  known  to  have  plenty  of  money.  He  had 
always  been  a  i)rompt  and  liberal  paymaster, 
and  whenever  it  had  been  necessary,  owing  to 
a  lack  of  .\merican  money,  he  had  offered 
iMiglish  gold  in  payment  for  his  purchases  ; 
and  so,  that  he  was  murdered  solely  for  his 
money,  was  the  prevailing  idea,  and  no  signifi- 
cance attached  to  the  crosses  ;  and  yet,  these 
anil  these  alone,  furnished  the  (lew  which  has 
nearly  succeetled   in  tracing  out   the  mystery. 

The  coroner  was  summoned,  and  after  a 
patient  examination,  the  princ  i[)al  facts  as 
above  stated  were  brought  out,  and  a  verdict 
rendered  accordingly.  The  body  was  decently 
buried,  the  occurrence  created  a  "nine  day's 
wonder,"  and  then  passed  out  of  mind  ;  and 
but  for  the  meager  statement  in  the  newspaper 
referred  to,  it  would  have  never  been  revived, 
as  there  is  to-day  but  one  or  two  persons  living 
who  had  an  actual  knowledge  of  the  facts 
,U)ove  stated.      It   must  not  lie  supposed  that 


^s 


.■;  .s('r/7;.\/A'  <)/■•  riii:  s/:  /..i irA-A.xij-:  avcaa' 


il 


i1k'  iH'\v>|i,i|n.-r  aitii  K'  ( oiit.iiiR'il  ,i  iciUli  p.irt 
ol'  what  i-.  .lire. ul\'  ri'l.U'.'d.  It  w.is  liy  close 
and  lur^i^lL■nt  seaicli  and  (  .udid  inc|uiry,  that 
these  additional  (acts  were  ^leane<l,  .■md  they 
.ire  I 'resented  lure  a^  .i  re.ison  I'cjr,  and  .m  in- 
trodiK  tion  to,  wli.it  I(j1Io\vs  : 

It  w.u  the  month  ot' April,  1S65.  'The  n.ition 
w  IS  jubilant.  The  lonu;  and  bloody  i  onllie! 
h.id  closed,  and  joy  reigned  trinniphant  every- 
where. 'l'\\c  country  w.ts  ubla/e  with  bonhres, 
.md  nr.ind  illuiniii.itions  turned  nij^hl  into  day. 
The  evening  splendors  of  the  National  Cijiital 
were  unsurpassed,  and  ihei^r.ind  illiiMiinations 
vere  mule  still  more  gorgeous  by  the  (iisjil.iy 
f)!  I'ireworks.  liands  of  music  serenaded  the 
President,  whose  congratulatory  speeches  it 
seemed  to  n),in\'  were  tinged  with  a  shade  of 
nu'l.incholv.  lint  .t  d.iy  w.is  .u  hand  ;  a  day 
of  gloom,  and  of  d.irkness,  and  of  woe,  iin- 
p  ir.illeled  in  the  history  of  the  workl.  Were 
it  not  necessary,  by  reason  of  their  being  an 
import. mt  f.utor  in  this  narrative,  the  sad 
events  whii  h  iilungetl  a  nation  into  mourning 
and  lamjnlaliim  would  not  be  here  rehearsed. 
Tlu'  inexpressible  sadness  which  jiervaded 
every  ( ouiiten.mce  at  the  news  of  the  ass.issina- 
tion  of  Abr.iham  I/incoln,  was  an  index  tothe 
heartfelt  p.iin  within  ;  and  even  now,  though 
thirty  years  h.ive  rolled  into  the  dim  and  misty 
|j.Ht,  1  am  Mn.d)le  to  rec.iU  the  terrible  event, 
miu  h  less  to  transcribe,  however  brielly,  its 
salient  features,  without  e.\periencing  again 
that  fe.irful  shock,  which,  like  an  elei  1 1  •  ( tir- 
rent  laden  with  woe  and  dr.iped  with  disaster, 
ran  from  man  to  man  and  from  camp  to  i  amp 
throughout  our  lines  at  Raleigh,  where  the 
(orjis  to  whi<'h  the  writer  belonged  was 
stationed.  It  was  the  same  everywhere.  All 
n.iture  seeme<l  clad  in  the  habiliments  of  woe. 

( >n  the  evening  of  the  14th  day  of  .\]iril, 
i.S6s,  the  play  "Our  .\merii;,in  Cousin  "  was 
in  i>rogress  at  l''ord's  Theater,  on  Tenth 
street,  just  above  K  street,  Washington,  I).  ('. ; 
a  large,  plain  brick  edifice,  now  converted  into 
a  museum  of  war  relics.  In  honor  of  the  oc- 
casion ,ind  of  the  d.iy's  rejoicing,  because 
the  folds  of  the  Nation's  Flag  had  that  day 
been  once  again  flung  to  the  breeze  above 
tiie  shattered  ramparts  of  Fort  Sumter,  Presi- 


dent I.iiHdIn  was  toiHiiipy  the  "  Presidential 
box,"  which  consisted  of  ihe  two  upper  boxes 
on  the  left  of  the  stage  throw  n  into  one.  The 
box  on  th.it  memor.ible  evening  was  oci  upicd 
by  the  President  and  .Mrs.  Lincoln,  M.ijor  R. 
M.  R.ithboneand  Miss  Cl.ir.i  H.  Harris  'Ihe 
house,  holding  nearly  three  ihoiis.md  peojile, 
w.is  tilled  with  the  we.illli  ami  f.ishion  of  the 
city. 

.\t  .about  ro  o'clock,  when  the  second  si  eiie 
of  ihe  third  act  was  on,  a  stranger  worked  his 
way  into  the  proscenium  box  occupieil  by  the 
Presidential  party,  and  leveling  a  jtistol  close 
to  the  head  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  he  I'ired  ;  then 
drawing  a  knife  he  inllii  ted  a  severe  wound 
ui>on  Major  Rathbone,  who  had  seized  him, 
and  breaking  away  he  sprang  down  upon  the 
stage,  tloiirished  his  knife  and  shouted  :  "Sic 
Sem]ier  TyrannisI  "  and  bet'ore  the  red  jiosi- 
tion  of  affairs  coiikl  be  (dinprelunded,  he 
d.ished  across  the  stage,  mounted  a  licet  horse, 
whi<  h  was  in  w.iiling  in  the  alley  in  the  rc.ir 
of  the  theater,  and  escaped. 

Th.it  man  was  John  Wilkes  liootii.  notori- 
ously a  rebel,  an  actor  of  some  merit,  Ir.il  now 
an  escaping  murderer. 

.\s  soon  as  the  audience  realizi'd  the 
fact  that  the  President  was  shot,  the  wildest 
excitement  prevailed,  and  shouts  of  Hang 
him!  Hang  him  I  resounded  from  eveiy  part 
of  the  house.  'Ihe  dying  President  was  borne 
to  a  priv.Ue  house  —  Mr.  Peterson's,  across  the 
street  — and  prominent  physii  ians  and  sur- 
geons were  summoned  at  once.  It  was  soon 
discovered  that  there  was  no  hope.  .Mem- 
bers of  the  cabinet  assembled,  together  with 
other  distinguished  men,  and  stood  mourn- 
fully grouped  about  the  couch  of  the  im<  on- 
scioiis  chief  magistrate.  .'\n  eye  witness  wrote 
thus:  "The  scene  was  one  of  extraordinary 
solemnity.  The  history  of  the  world  fur- 
nishes no  par.iUel.  lireathing  his  life  serenely 
away,  sensible  to  no  |)ain  and  unconscious 
of  all  around,  the  Great  Man  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  lay,  jjassing  away  to  that  im- 
mortality accorded  by  Providence  to  few  of 
earth." 

.Ml  the  long,  weary  night  the  watchers  stood 
around  the  couch.      Day  came  at  length,  and 


riir.  MYsri-.RY  or  .\r.tr/ /:  /si..\.\/k 


09 


i 


.11  twenty  two  inimitcs  jiasl  sivcn  o'clock  on 
Saturday  morning,  .\|)iil  i5tli,  1865,  the  spirit 
of  Abraliani  Lincoln,  Irccd  from  its  earthly 
tenement,  went  to  (lod  who  gave  it,  and  the 
nation  went  into  mourning. 

It  had  been  remarked  tiiat  Secretary  Seward 
was  not  among  the  members  of  the  Cabinet 
who  rallied  around  the  bedside  of  their  dying 
('hi(f;  but  when  Surgeon-deneral  ]5arnes 
reached  the  house,  the  reason  was  made  clear. 
In  substance,  this  is  what  happened  to  Sur- 
geon-Cii  neral  liarnes  :  He  was  met  in  front 
of '.\'ili.i;\!''^  Hotel  by  an  ofticer,  on  the  night 
uf  the  assassination,  who  informeil  hini  thai 
the  I'resident  was  sliol.  Supixising  that 
the  {!>.c(l  had  been  d.)ne  at  the  [)residential 
mansion,  he  hurried  to  the  surgeon-general's 
office  to  gi\e  orders  for  assistance,  and  there 
he  found  a  summons  to  the  bedside  of  Secre- 
tary Seward,  wiio  iiad  also  been  attacked  by 
an  assassin.  Relieving  that  this  occurrence 
was  what  gave  rise  to  the  story  that  the  .'resi- 
dent was  siiul,  he  immediately  hurried  to  the 
chamber  of  .Mr.  Seward.  He  found  him  lying 
u[)on  the  bed  with  one  cheek  cut  open,  and 
the  llesh  lying  (jver  on  the  pillow.  The  room 
presented  a  horrible  appearance.  lilood  be- 
spattered everything.  'I'he  attendants  were 
huddled  into  corners,  frightened  and  helpless. 
No  one  seemed  (  apable  of  giving  a  single 
detail  of  the  terrible  occurrence.  I)r.  I'.arnes 
immediately  g.ive  his  attention  to  Mr.  Seward, 
but  shortly  Dr.  Xorris  <  ame,  and  turning  Mr. 
Seward  over  to  his  care,  the  surgeon-general 
proceeded  to  look  after  the  assistant  secretar\-, 
Mr.  i'rederick  Seward,  who  was  lying  wounded 
and  insensible  in  an  adjoining  room.  Soon 
after,  other  surgeons  came  in,  and  from  liiem 
he  learned  the  distressing  facts  regarding  the 
assassination  of  the  President,  and  went  at 
once  to  his  bedside. 

However  strange  it  may  seem  to  us  of  to-day, 
as  we  read  the  various  and  voluminous  ac- 
counts of  those  occurrences,  yet  it  is  a  fact, 
that  not  for  several  days  afterward,  did  any 
one  seem  to  grasp  the  idea  that  it  was  a  ])re- 
concerted  scheme  of  assassination  —  a  con- 
certed plot  to  take  not  only  the  life  of  the 
President,  but  of  other  prominent  men  also. 


The  one  gre.it  overshadowing  criine  seiined 
to  literally  draw  all  attention  to  itself.  Other 
tr.msactions  were  dwarfed  by  it.  l''.ven  the 
history  of  nations  lould  iiroilme  no  ei|ual. 
True,  lirutus  slew  L'lesar  in  the  Roman  Senate 
chamber,  and  Charlotte  Corday  murdered 
Murat  in  his  bath;  but  neither  instance  paral- 
leled this  unheard  of  atrocity. 

(Iradually,  however,  as  events  began  to  un- 
fold themselves,  and  the  horizon  of  ilisturb- 
ance  to  clear,  it  was  seen  that  the  assassination 
was  a  ijart  of  a  well-devised  scheme,  the  only 
part,  which,  owing  to  some  cause  or  causes 
unknown,  had  been  carried  into  full  effect. 
It  soon  became  known  also  that  the  Metro- 
polian police  had  long  been  aware  that  a 
society  (  ailed  the  Knights  of  the  "  Ulue 
Ciauntlet,"  the  same  in  all  essentials  as  that 
of  the  "  Knights  of  the  Golden  (iirc  le,"  existed 
in  Washington;  and  they  not  only  knew  its 
place  of  meeting,  but  the  names  of  many  of  the 
members.  Not  deeming  it  at  all  dangerous, 
but  little  attention  had  been  paid  to  it,  be- 
cause the  secrets  of  the  "  Knights  of  the 
Ciolden  ("ircle,"  or  rather  the  "Sons  ot 
Liberty,"  that  being  the  real  name  of  the 
organization,  had  become  known,  through 
the  address  of  'I'imothy  Webster,  one  of  the 
most  daring  and  skillful  members  of  the 
secret  service  ever  in  the  employ  of  the 
United  States  government  ;  and  who  was  cap- 
tured in  Richmond,  tried,  convicted  and 
hanged  as  a  spy  by  the  orders  of  Gen.  Winder, 
April  29,  1862. 

A  brief  account  of  Webster's  initiation  into 
the  secret  society  of  the  "Sons  of  Liberty" 
in  the  city  of  lialtimore,  in  1861,  may  be 
given  here  as  an  illustration  of  the  general 
character  of  the  secret  societies  of  that  time, 
whose  object  was  to  aid  the  cause  of  the 
South,  no  matter  under  what  name  they  mas- 
cjueraded.  Webster,  it  slioidd  be  understood, 
h.id  soingr.uiated  himself  into  the  good  graces 
c)(  leading  secessionists  in  Baltimore,  that 
there  was  not  the  slightest  suspicion  alloat  re- 
g.irding  him.  On  the  contrary,  he  was  so 
implicitly  trusted  that  he  visited  unciuestioned 
all  parts  of  the  South,  making  long  visits  to 
Richmond,  where   he   was  "  Hail    fellow,   well 


lOO 


./  S()ci-/:.y/A'  '>/■'  THE  sr.  iawri-sh-:  river. 


nu'l!  "  witli  imiiniiu'iU  nlii'ls,  ami  llicir  ini^icil 
agcnl  in  Washington,  wluii.'  llicy  tic(iucntly 
sent  liiin  witli  ini|iurlanl  tlis|pal(  lies,  the  an- 
swers to  wliicli  were  to  be  delivered  to  the 
atitlu)rities  in  Richmond ;  but  wliieh,  it  i-^  need- 
less to  sav,  reai  lied  other  hands  than  those  of 
ludali  1'.  i'.enjamin,  the  rebel  Se(  retary  ol 
War,  for  whom  many  of  them  were  intended. 
Amoii^  other  |iniminent  rebels  in  lialtimore 
was  one  Sloan,  a  noted  rebel,  with  whom  Web- 
ster was  on  the  most  intimate  terms.  Diirint; 
Webster's  absence  on  one  of  his  sonthern 
trips,  certain  secessionists  of  Haliimore  or- 
ganized a  secret  society  of  which  they  were 
very  desirous  that  lie  shouhl  become  a  mem- 
ber, and  to  Sloan,  because  he  was  an  intimate 
friend,  was  delegated  the  duty  of  solicitinj; 
him  lo  join.  Sei/ini;  a  favorable  opiiortunily 
on  Webster's  return  to  the  <  ity,  Sloan  guard- 
edly broached  the  subje(  t. 

"The  fact  is,"  said  Sloan,  "after  you   went 
away  we  formed  a  secret  society." 
"A  secret  society  ?  " 

"Ves;   and  we  have  held  several  meetinj^s." 
"  Is  it  a  success  ?  " 

"  A  perfect  success.  Some  of  the  best  in 
the  town  are  among  our  members.  We  may 
be  forced  to  keeji  silent,  but  they  can't  com- 
pel us  to  remain  idle.  We  are  well  organ- 
ized, and  we  mean  imdying  opposition  to  a 
tyrannical  government.  I  tell  you,  Webster, 
we  will  not  down  I  " 

"  Never!  "  responded  Webster,  imitating 
the  boastful  tone  and  bearing  of  hi.;  friend 
Sloan.  "  It  does  not  lie  in  iheiiowerof  those 
white-livered  Yankees  lo  make  slaves  of 
Southern  men!  I  should  like  to  become  a 
mendjer  of  your  society,  Sloan." 

"They  all  want  you,"  said  Sloan,  eagerly. 
"We  passed  a  resolution  to  that  effect  at  our 
last  meeting.  We  want  the  benefit  of  your 
counsel  and   intluence." 

"What  is  the  name  of  your  society  .'  " 
"The  Sons  of  Liberty." 
"When  will  your  ne.xt  meeting  be  held.'" 
"To-night." 
"  So  soon  ?  " 

"Yes;  and  you  are  expected  to  attend. 
Have  you  any  objections .'  " 


"  None  whati'ver.    I'.ul  how  will  I  get  there  .'  " 
"  1  am  delegated  to  be  your  escort." 
"  Wiiat  is  your  hour  of  meeting?" 
"  'I'welve  o'clo(  k." 

"  .\h  !  .\  midnight  affair.  All  right,  Sloan, 
you  will  find  me  waiting  at  the  hotel." 

rromi)tly  at  eleven  o'clock  Sloan  appeareil 
.It  the  hotel,  whence  he  and  Webster  pro- 
ceeded toward  the  plai  e  of  meeting.  It  was 
a  dark  and  stormy  night,  and,  as  Webster 
thought,  just  the  right  sort  of  a  night  for  con- 
I  (icting  hellish  plots  and  the  performance  of 
evil  deetls.      .\s  Robert  liurns  says: 

"  I'lial  iiiKlit,  a  cliiil  iiiiKlit  iiiKlt'tsi.uid. 
Till-  l»Lil  had  liiisiiirss  on  liis  IkiihI." 

Slo.m  leil  the  w.iy  to  .i  remote  (piarter  of 
the  city,  and  into  a  street  which  bore  a  ))ar- 
ticularly  bad  reputation.     Stopping,  he  said: 

■'  I  must  blindfold  you,  Webster,  before 
]iroceetling  any  further.  This  is  a  rule  of  tin; 
order,  which,  under  any  circumstance,  cannot 
be  departed  from." 

Webster  ([uietly  submitted,  and  a  thick 
bandage  was  placed  over  liis  eyes  ami  se- 
curely fastened.  Then  Sloan  took  him  by  the 
arm  and  led  him  forward.  Hlindfolded  as  he 
was,  Webster  knew  that  they  turned  suddenly 
into  an  alley  and  passed  through  a  gate  which 
Sloan  shut  behind  them.  lie  also  knew  thai 
they  were  in  a  [laved  court,  [irobably  in  the 
rear  of  some  building.  Just  then  Sloan  whis- 
pered : 

"Come  this  way  and  make  no  noise." 

The  ne.xt  moment  he  knocked  in  a  jieculiar 
manner  against  a  door,  and  Webster  knew  it 
to  be  a  signal.  Immediately  a  guarded  voice 
asked: 

"  Are  you  white  ?  " 

Sloan  responded:  "  Down  with  the  blacks." 

\  chain  clanked  inside,  a  bolt  was  with- 
drawn, the  door  creaked  slightly  on  its  rusty 
hinges,  and  they  entered;  immediately  they 
began  to  climb  a  thickly  cariieted  stair,  at  the 
head  of  which  they  were  challenged  ; 

"  Halt  !   Who  conies  there  ?" 

"  Long  live  JefT  Davis,"  answered  Sloan. 

Passing  through  another  df)or,  they  entered 
an  apartment  in  which  there  seemed   to  be 


Till.    MVSll-.RV   HI-    M.U'l.l-:   /Sl.,U\D. 


lOI 


si-'veral  persons.  A  voice,  iiie;iiu  to  be  im- 
pressive, (leniandeil  ; 

"  Whom  li.ive  we  here  ?  " 

"A  frieiul,  Musi  Xoi)le  Clliief,  wlu)  wishes 
to  become  ;i  member  of  this  wortiiy  league." 

"  His  name?  " 

'  'rimoliiy  Webster." 

"  Have  the  objects  of  this  leai;ue  been  fully 
exiii.iiiied  to  him  ?" 

"  Most  Noble  Ciiiel',  they  have." 

'  .\Ir.  Webster,  is  it  your  desire  to  become 
a  memoer  ot  this  knigiitly  band?  " 

"h  is." 

'I'iien  came  the  ring  of  swords  leaping  from 
scabb.irds,  and  their  clank  as  diej-  met  in  an 
arch  of  steel  above  his  head  ;  and  then  the 
Noble  Ciiief  continued: 

"  \'ou  will  now  knei'l  u[)on  your  rij^ht  knee, 
place  your  rij^ht  hand  u|)on  your  heart,  and 
rei)eat  after  me  the  obligation  of  our  brother- 
hood." 

"  I,  Timothy  Webster,  a  citi/en  of  Haiti- 
more,  having  been  fully  informed  of  the  ob- 
jects of  this  .Association,  and  being  in  full 
sympathy  and  accord  with  the  cause  it  seeks 
to  advance,  do  solemnly  declare  and  affirm, 
upon  my  sacred  honor,  that  I  will  kee|)  for- 
ever secret  all  that  1  may  see  or  hear,  in  con- 
sei|uence  of  being  a  member  of  this  league; 
that  I  will  implicitly  obey  all  (nders,  and 
faithfully  discharge  all  duties  assigned  to  me, 
no  matter  of  what  nature  or  i  haracler  they 
may  be  ;  and  that  life  or  death  will  be  held 
subordinate  to  the  success  and  advancement 
of  the  cause  of  the  Clonfederacy,  and  of  the  de- 
feat of  the  bloody  tyrants  who  are  striving  to 
rule  by  oppression  and  terrorism.  Should  I 
fail  in  the  proper  performance  of  any  task 
im|)osed  upon  me,  or  should  I  prove  untaith- 
ful  to  the  obligations  I  now  assume,  may  I 
suffer  the  severest  jH'nalty  awarded  for  treason 
and  cowardice,  anil  the  odium  belonging 
thereto,  as  well  as  the  scorn  and  contempt  of 
all  true  brother  knights." 

.Again  the  swords  clanked  as  they  were  re- 
turned to  their  scabbards,  and  the  newly  obli- 
gated member  was  commanded  to  arise.  He 
obeyed,  and  the  band  ige  was  reinr)ved.  .At 
first  he  was  blinded  by  the  sudden   lisiht,  but 


as  his  e\'es  became  a(  cusUimed  to  it,  he  found 
inmself  surrouiuk'il  by  sever. d  st.dw.irt  men, 
•nil  of  whom  wore  dark  <  loaks  .iiul  black  masks. 

"  .\Ir.  Webster,"  s.ud  the  Chief,  "  I  now  pro- 
nounce you  a  Son  of  Liberty." 

The  masks  were  now  removed,  and  to  his 
relief,  Webster  dis(  overed  that  the  faces  were 
all  familiar.  .A  cordial  grasp  of  the  hanti  was 
given  by  ea(  li  in  turn,  and  then  they  entereii 
the  jirincipal  council  chamber,  and  Webster 
was  escorted  t(j  a  seat.  In  a  few  minutes  the 
clock  struck  twelve,  when  every  door  was 
locked,  and  the  real  work  of  the  order  begun. 
There  were  some  forty  men  present,  and 
Webster  notic  ed  that  they  were  from  among 
tile  best  citizens  of  H.dlimore,  the  rowdy  ele- 
ment not  being  rejjrcsented.  He  was  now 
instru(  ted  in  the  passes,  signs  and  grips  of 
the  order,  and  especially  in  the  rallying  sign, 
which  was  three  crosses,  disposed  in  a  triangle. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  say  more  under  this 
head,  our  only  design  being  to  give  the  reader 
a  brief  sketch  of  the  so  often  denied  secret 
society  of  the  South,  which  in  time,  by  the 
aid  of  Clement  L.  X'allandingham,  of  Ohio, 
|)ermeated  the  entire  North,  and  which,  but 
for  a  fortunate  circumstance  that  took  ])lace 
in  the  city  of  Indiana|)olis  in  1S63,  would 
have  resulted  in  fire  and  bloodshed  through- 
out several  of  the  Northern  States,  and  which 
years  later  found  an  individual  <  ulmination  in 
a  bloody  tragedy  on  an  obscure  island  in  the 
Great  River  St.  Lawrence. 

Suftice  it  to  say  that  in  this  case  Webster 
listened  to  the  schemes  which  were  in  ])re- 
paralion  to  destroy  our  National  ("aijital, 
learned  the  names  of  the  plotters  and  sympa- 
thizers in  Washington,  and  in  process  of  time 
so  managed  matters  that  this  particular  camp 
of  the  Sons  of  Liberty  found  itself  inunured 
behind  the  bars  of  the  Old  Caiiitol  Prison. 

.As  a  further  instance,  it  may  be  interesting 
to  know  that  a  shrewd  detective,  who  is  yet 
living,  and  whose  name  it  is  unnecessary  to 
mention  here,  was  sent  fr(jm  Cincinnati  to 
Louisville,  I\entu<ky.  by  f)rder  of  Cicn.  Cicorge 
H.  McClellan,  for  the  ]iur|)ose  of  uniting  with 
the  Hrolherhood,  in  order  that  he  might  learn 
its  secrets,  metliods  of  work,  designs  and  plans, 


:'i; 


10? 


.■/  sorr/:.\;h-  or    ////■;  si    /../(cav  .w/;  av/v-.A'. 


wIikIi  III'  I'lillv  ,11  cnm|ili-.lu'il.  \\v\\\.i.  inili.ilid, 
.IS  .1  romiLinsoii  ni  (l.itr-.  -.Iiows.  ,11  I  ,(in  i  ^\  i  I  If, 
(iiily  twci  iiijihts  l.it(.'r  tliali  w;ls  Wcds'.vT  ,i! 
I!  illiiii'irc.  Tlu'  hiitialdiy  c  cri  nioiiics,  L"i|is, 
r.i,;iH,  p.isscs  ami  s\i;ii.iU  \ww  loimd  In  lir 
iiU'iiticil. 

'I'lic  Kiiiiihls  (if  tlu'  "  I'.liic  ( ;,iiiiilK't  "  li;i(l 
nn  nanus.  I'he  i!iili\i(lii,il  iiu-iiilu'is  wnc 
kiiD'.vii  iinl\-  In  nuinhci-,  ;  ,iiul  .iiiv  chiKm  nr 
(linTiidii  I'fiini  tlu'  Cliict'  w.is  .iKvays  sent  In  ,i 
numlii.T  .111(1  nut  to  a  nanu'.  With  this,  and 
,1  I'l'W  (itiiuf  minor  dillt'icm x's.  th(,'  Sons  of 
l.ih'jrty  .uul  tlu'  Kni,L;his  of  the  lUuc  (i,innllt't 
\\\w  the  same.  .Ml  this  was  known  to  the 
iKilice.  hilt  ne\er  for  .i  moment  w.is  there  the 
sliL;htest  d.in^er  a|i|irehen(led,  so  powerless  for 
any  real  h.inn  did  the  orii.mi/.uioii  a|i|ie.ir. 
That  it  W.IS  not  more  <  loseh'  investi_i;.ite(l,  and 
enlirely  broken  up,  was  a  fal.d  mistake  ;  real- 
ized when  too  Lite  to  he  remedied.  In  fact,  it 
h.ul  been  hut  little  more  than  a  year  sinee 
these  secret  meetinj^s  had  been  revived,  and 
then  more  as  a  politicd  f.icifir  tli.iii  anv  ihini^ 
tNe.  'I'll  pre\ent  the  nomination  and  re- 
election of  -Mir.di.im  Lincoln  w.-is  a  consum- 
mation .irdently  desired  by  the  friends  of  the 
C'onfeder.icy.  With  him  no  Ioniser  at  the 
he.ul  of  the  ,!,'overnment,  .i  compromise  unuld 
be  el'fected.  the  war  ended,  and  virtually 
victory  would  perch  upon  the  llag  of  the 
South. 

Hut  from  this  semi-passive  jiolitical  position 
to  one  more  pronounced  was  easy.  .Ml  that 
was  wanted  w.is  a  le.uler.  .\  man  who,  within 
himselt",  combined  all  the  elements, —  a  strong 
will,  unlimited  zeal,  unbounded  enthii'-i.ism,  a 
strong  iiersonal  magnetism,  and  a  blind,  un- 
reasoning devotion  to  a  cause  whether  rii;ht 
or  wrong,  coupled  with  an  o\erwhehning  de- 
sire for  notoriety.  Such  a  leader  they  found 
in  John  Wilkes  liooth.  .As  affording  a  slight 
insight  into  his  character,  an  extract  of  a  letter 
to  the  Washington  Chronicle,  written  after  the 
assassinilion,  by  \.  1).  Doty,  of  .Xlliany,  a 
soldier  then  in  Carver  hospital,  Washington, 
is  here  gi\ei..  He  says:  "  .\i  the  (oinmence- 
mentof  the  war,  J.  Wilkes  liooth  was  playing 
M^  engagement  at  the  Ci.iyely  'i'heater  in 
.-Mbany,  \.  V.,  which   city  attested   in    action 


more  ehnpient  tli.in  wnnls  its  love  for  the  old 
ihig  li\  disp|,i\ing  II  from  everv  roof  and 
wiiulow,  when  the  iieus  (  .iiue  ol  the  uiihoU 
.iti.K  k  on  [■'ort  Slimier.  liooth,  at  lli.it  tunc, 
openly  ,iud  liiildly  .i\owiil  lii>  .idinir.ilioii  lor 
ihe  rebels  .ind  ihcil  (lee(U,  wliii  h  he  i  h.il.ii  tcr- 
ized  .IS  the  niiwl  luunii  of  modern  times  ;  ,ind 
he  boisied  loudly  tli.ii  the  Southern  le.ideis 
knew  how  to  defend  their  rights,  and  lh.it 
they  would  never  submit  to  oppression.  So 
\ehemen!  and  im  .luticiis  w.is  he  in  his  ex- 
pressions, til, it  the  people  bei  ame  incensed 
and  thre.itened  him  with  person. il  \  ioleix  e, 
and  he  was  compelled  lo  mike  .1  h.isty  de- 
pariiire  fmm  the  city.  Ilefore  leaving,  he 
attempled  the  life  of  an  a(  tress  ol'  uhoin  he 
h.ul  Ik(  (line  ie.iloiis.  I'indlng  his  way  to 
her  rooin  ,11  midnight,  he  .iss.mhed  her  wiih 
a  d.iL;ger,  fortiin.itely  inllic.ting  but  a  slight 
wound.  With  the  fury  of  a  tigress  she  sprang 
upon  liiin,  and  wrem  hing  the  we.ipon  from 
his  h.md,  in  turn  wounded  him." 

These  episodes  siiow  th.it  he  was  not  only  a 
\irulent  rebel,  but  w.is  .it  lie.irt  an  assassin. 
Not  only  w.is  liooth  a  murderer,  but  he  was  a 
mercenar)'  ime.  While  he  w.is  willing  to  as- 
s.issinate  the  I'resideni.  he  w.mted  p.iy  for 
doing  it.  Notoriety  it  would  bring,  but  with 
it  he  wanted  g(jld. 

.\11  along  during  the  w.ir,  .iiul  especially  in 
till'  ye,'irs  iSd^  and  1  Sfq,  Cinad.i's  principal 
cities  sw.irmed  with  Southerners,  St.  C.ith- 
arincs,  Toronto.  Kingston,  Ott.iwaand  .Mon- 
tleal.  Were  especi.iMy  f.uored  bv  these  gentle- 
men; some  of  «ii(iin  wert'  .c  (  redited  agents 
of  the  Confederacy,  while  they  weie  all  en- 
g.iged  in  plotting  .ig.iinst  the  North,  and  set- 
ting schemes  on  foot  worthv  the  ]ialiniest  d.iys 
of  Diabolus,  for  the  destrm  tion  of  our  lake 
(  ities  in  the  absence  of  their  defenders  who 
were  fighting  against  treason  and  rebellion  on 
Southern  soil. 

It  has  been  already  hinted  lh.it  the  secret 
order  of  the  Knights  of  the  (lolden  (Jircle  had 
f(>und  a  lodgement  in  some  of  the  Northern 
St.ites,  especially  in  the  States  of  New  V'ork, 
Indiana  and  Illinois;  though  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  were  largely  re]iresented  in  their 
conncils.      In  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Iowa, 


r 


« •< 


r 


If 


liii' 


F.NTRAN'CK   Til    LAKE   01'    THE    ISI.ES, 


■ 


j 


THE  .MVsiiiRV  or  .].'. I /•/./:  /sL.i.y/). 


105 


i 


1 


tlu"  lodges  were  I)Lit  few  and  far  I)et\vccii.  Ii 
was  in  Indiana  and  Illinois,  thai  their  great 
strength  lay.  In  ihe  former  State  there  were 
100,000  armed  and  organized  knights,  ready 
to  do  the  bidding  of  their  chiefs.  These 
were  in  constant  (  Mninmnication  with  the 
Southern  emissaries  who,  under  the  protection 
of  Canada,  plotted  treason,  laid  plans  to  cap- 
ture steamers  on  the  Likes  and  on  the  St. 
J.awreme  river,  lill  tliem  with  armed  men, 
and  simultaneously  descend  Ujion  Rochester, 
Buffalo,  Detroit,  Cleveland  and  Chicago,  and 
firing  them,  rob,  pillage,  and  murder,  escaping 
to  Canada  as  a  place  of  safely.  It  was  among 
the  Confederate  residents  of  Canada  that  the 
diabolical  scheme  was  set  on  foot  to  scalier 
small  pox  throughout  the  cities  of  the  North 
by  means  of  infected  rags. 

While  Indiana,  under  the  magnetic  inspira- 
tion of  that  greatest  among  the  great  war 
Governors,  Oliver  P.  Morton,  responded  with 
alacrity  to  ev.ry  ilj:,iand  upon  her  for  troops, 
to  an  extent  far  beyond  her  cpiotas,  sending 
to  the  front,  ■  s  a  matter  of  fact,  more  men  in 
proi)ortion  t  >  her  po|)ulation  than  any  other 
Stale  in  the  Union,  she  was  also  cursed  to  a 
much  greater  extent  with  that  abhorred  jiro- 
duct  of  the  rebellion,  the  "  Copi)erhead;  "  who 
was  also,  whenever  the  opportunity  offered,  a 
Knight  of  the  Golden  Circle.  It  has  been 
already  stated  that  they  nund)ered  a  hundred 
thousand.  It  is  no  wild  statement.  It  can 
be  verified  by  the  muster  rolls  of  the  order, 
captured  in  Indianapolis,  and  now  preserved 
in  the  archives  of  the  State.  .\  brief  allusion 
to  the  facts,  will  refresh  the  memory  of  many 
of  our  readers,  while  the  incident  may  be  of 
soniL-  interest. 

In  IP63-4,  Indianapolis  was  a  great  military 
(■;r,i,!i.  Sc;. tries  were  stationed  e\ery where. 
rii;  au-  was  rife  with  rumors  of  an  uprising  in 
various  ijortions  of  the  State.  The  camps 
around  the  city  were  more  closely  guarded 
than  ever.  Emissaries  of  those  inimical  to 
the  government  had  secretly  poisoned  the 
minds  of  many  of  the  soldiers,  and  desertions 
were  frei[uent.  These  were  concealed  in 
almost  inaccessible  places  and  carefully 
guarded  against  recapture.     Hands  of  Southern 


sym])athi/ers  drilled  openly  in  the  fields. 
L'niled  States  marshals  were  set  upon  by  in- 
furiated mobs,  maltreated  and  murdered. 
Kvery  citi/en  went  armed.  l''earful  rumors  of 
an  imi)ending  outbreak  [)ermeated  the  com- 
munily,  but  when,  or  how,  or  from  what  source 
tile  blow  was  to  come,  none  could  tell.  Sur- 
mise was  the  only  certainty.  .\  sentry  on  duty 
at  the  Union  depot  was  watching  the  unload- 
ing from  a  car  a  mass  of  boxes.  They  were 
consigned  to  Dodd  \:  Co.,  merchants,  at  whose 
store  was  the  "  Repository  of  the  American 
Bible  Society,"  and  these  boxes  were  supposed 
to  contain  bibles  for  distribution  among  the 
soldiers.  One  of  the  boxes  was  slightly 
shattered  by  the  rough  handling  it  received  at 
the  hands  of  those  who  were  unloading  the 
freight.  .\  bit  of  metal  gleaming  through  a 
crevii  ein  the  broken  box  attracted  the  soldier's 
attention. 

"  Nice  lot  of  books  them,"  he  saiil  to  him- 
self. "Silver  plated  Hibles,  I  xn  kon.  Pretty 
durn  tonylhein  tract  peddlers  is  gittin.  Guess 
I'll  have  a  look  at  one  of  'em,  anyhow." 

A  brief  investigation  revealed  to  the  soldier 
the  startling  fact  that  the  box  contained  re- 
volvers. It  suddenly  occurred  to  him  that 
he  had  heard  that  the  firm  of  Dodd  &  Co. 
were  suspected  of  being  rebel  sympathizers, 
though  by  no  means  outspoken.  I'nlearned, 
but  with  a  shrewdness  worth  more  in  a  case 
like  this  than  all  the  dii)lomas  ever  issued 
from  college  halls,  lie  at  once  decided  how  to 
act.  Not  a  word  did  he  breathe  to  his  ser- 
geant, nor  to  the  officer  of  the  guard.  He 
saw  clearly  that  it  was  a  case  recpiiring  judg- 
ment, and  yet  [iromptness.  Calling  a  com- 
rade, he  was  about  to  send  him  to  the  Gen- 
eral's headcpiarters  with  a  note,  when  fortu- 
nately the  General  and  two  or  three  members 
of  his  staff  came  riding  down  Illinois  avenue. 
As  they  neared  his  p(^st,  he  .saluted  and  then 
called  to  the  General.  In  a  few  words  he 
made  known  his  discovery.  The  General  dis- 
mounted and  made  a  personal  examination, 
s.Uisfying  himself  that  the  statement  was  true. 
Sending  for  the  officer  of  the  guard,  he  or- 
dered him  to  count  the  boxes  and  atfix  a  pri- 
vate mark   to  each  one,  and  then   note  care- 


^1 


io6 


.'I  sn/  r/-:.\7/y  or  the  s/:  /..//ca'Aava  av/v-.A'. 


fully    who    (Mine    for    tliem.       Mountiiii;    his 
liorse.  lie  ictunied  to  lu.'a(l(|uanLTs. 

liy  a. id  by  diayincn  caiiK'  for  the  i)oxes, 
and,  strangely  enough,  with  every  dray  luad 
that  moved  away,  there  loitered  alonj^  on  the 
opliosite  side  of  the  >treet  a  la/.y  unronceriied 
lookinj;  citi/en  who  always  had  business  in 
'he  same  tlirection  the  dray  was  t^oint;.  Thj 
goods  were  unloaded  in  the  rear  of  I  )odd  & 
("o.'s  store,  transferred  to  an  elevator  and  sent 
above.  ( )ver  this  store,  and  three  stores  ad- 
joining, in  the  third  story,  was  an  immense 
eni|)ly  chamber  which  had  never  been  utili/ed. 
It  was  one  vast  unfinished  garret,  as  every  one 
supposed. 

There  were  times  when  early  in  the  morn- 
ing bits  of  paper,  on  which  three  crosses  in  a 
triangular  form  had  been  jjrinted,  were  lound 
l)asted  to  fences,  trees  and  tree  boxes,  or  scat- 
tered loosely  about  ;  and  so  often  did  this 
occur  that  it  was  accepted  as  a  sign  — bui  a 
sign  of  what  ' 

'I'he    next    morning    after    the    boxes    were 
hoisted   to  the  up|ier   story  of    Dodd   \-    Co.'s 
store,    those    triangular    emblems   were   more 
numerous  than  ever  before.      So  were  the  la/y 
men  in  citizen's  clothes.     They  were  disrejui- 
table  men.  too,  because   they  were   frecpientlv 
seen  to  gather,  two  or  three  at    a  time,  in  the 
alley  in  the  rear  of  the  store,  and  drink   from 
a  !)ottIe  and  then  disa])|)ear.      'j'hat    night  was 
a  great  business  night   for  Dodd  \- ( 'o.     The 
store    was    thronged    and    never    before    were 
clerks   so    liusy.      l-",ven    the    l,i/y  citi/en    was 
there,  having  overcome    liis    indolence   so  far 
as  to  make  some  slight    purchases.      Not  hav- 
ing anything   himself  to  do,  he  noticed   what 
others  were  doing;    and,  among  other  things, 
he  notiied   that   instead  of   going  out  the  way 
they  came  in,  that  is  to  say,  by  the  front  door, 
they  went  out  at  the  back  door  :    slip|)ed  ruit, 
so  to  speak,  singly  ;    and,  it  seemed  to  him,  as 
if   desirous   of  not    being    observed.       It   also 
seemed  to  him  that  he  coidil  hear  the  noise  of 
the  elevator  at  work.      A  carefid  investigation 
showed  that  it  was  at  work,  and   that  the  cus- 
tomers were  going  into  the  story  above,  prob- 
ably to  complete  their  purchases! 

lie  that  as  it  niav,  a  icmple   of  hours  later. 


all  the  lower   part  of  the   store  was  fdlcd  with 
soldiers,  both   front  ami  re.ir.  and  sipiad  after 
"([uad  went  up  in  the  elevator,  and  then  c.ime 
the  gr.md  I  limax.      'I'he  boxes  of   Bibles    con- 
signed  lo    Dodd  \-  Co.  were  found  as  marked 
and  numbered.      'I'hey  uere  packed  with  n.ivy 
revolvers  and  ammunilion.      liut   this  was  the 
least   important  of   the  capture.     This  turned 
out    to    be    the    general    hcuhpLuters    of    the 
order   for   the  .State.      In  this  room  the  .\dju- 
tant-Cleneral    had    his   oflice.      The    rolls   and 
re|)orts  of  the  order  were  found.      The  names 
of  the  members  of  every  camp  of  the   Knights 
of  the  (lolden  Circle  in  the  State  were    there. 
It  was  a    revelation.      .Men    ag.iinsi  whom  not 
a  breath    of   suspicion    had   ever  found  utter- 
ance, here  stood  reve.ded    as   officials  high   in 
the  secret    councils  of  treason,      (.'orrespond- 
eiice  with  J.icob  Thompson.  Clement  C.  Clay 
and    Larry    .McDonald,    then    in    C.mada    as 
accredited  agents  of  the  Confederacy,  was  dis- 
covered; but  over  and   above  e\erything  else, 
a    plot    to    burn   the  cities  already  mentioned, 
and    the  time  when   a   gi'iieral    rising    was   to 
take  |ilace,  all  was   revealed.      The   conspira- 
tors stood  aghast,  with  no  word  of  ex(  use   to 
olfer.        Under    a     strong     guard    they    were 
marched   away  to  the    j.iil   ,ind  to  the  military 
prison,    .ind    by    early    morning    two    .Major- 
(Generals  of  the  (Uiler,  one  in  I, a  fayette,  and 
another   in    I'Aansville,  together   with    several 
llrig.idiers    and    Colonels,   .1    score    or    more, 
were   under   .irrest,  and    on    their    way  bv  the 
first  trains  to  iheC.ipital  City.     Doild,  Horsey 
and  Mulligan,  the  liible  operators,  were   tried 
among  the  rest,  and  in  a  few  weeks  there  were 
no   spare  casemates   in    fort  !,a  l''ayette,  and 
the    Dry    Tortugas  was   crowtled.      from   that 
time  a  gre.il    fear  fell  upon  the  Knights  of  the 
Colden    Circle    in    Indiana.     Their    collapse 
was  as  complete  as  it  was  sudden.      Here  and 
there  in  the   strongest    copperhead    localities, 
an    attempt    was    made    to    revive    the    order 
under  new  names,  but  it  was  ,1  signal   failure. 
It  is  a  ])leasure  to  be  able   to    record    the  f.ict 
that     the    soldier    who    first    discovend     the 
"silver    plated    llibles"     wa>    proni;illy  jiro- 
inoted.      His   coolness    and    self-command   ,it 
the  lime  of  the  dis(()\erv  m.ide   the  detection 


I 


rill-:    MVSIh.RV   (>/'    MAPI  I:    l<l  AMI. 


107 


of  the  consiiinUors  certain.  Had  lu'  Ix'oii 
less  shrewd,  and  informed  his  sergeaiu  or 
lieutenant,  the  (  hances  are  that  the  find  would 
have  l)een  known  throughout  the  city  in  an 
hour ;  the  evening  paper  would  have  displayed 
glaring  headlines,  and  the  chance  to  entrap 
the  Knights  of  the  (lolden  Circle  would  have 
been  lost. 

In  the  meantime,  Chicago,  Cleveland. 
Uuffalo  and  other  lake  and  river  cities  were 
warned,  and  had  taken  measures  for  their 
own  safety.  The  Confederate  plotters  in 
Canada  saw  at  a  glance  that  the  game  was  u]). 
The  chances  of  capturing  steamers  on  the 
lakes,  and  transforming  them  intoipiasi  vessels 
of  war,  were  utterly  destroyed  ;  and  so  they 
turned  themselves  to  the  consideration  of  new 
schemes.  They  began  to  (les|iair  of  conipier- 
ing  the  North,  and  as  a  recompense  for  defeat 
they  nourished  revenge.  (Iradually  this  desire 
grew  into  a  discussion  as  to  ways  and  means, 
and  finally  led  to  the  consideration  of  a 
melhoil  of  relief  for  the  South,  which,  could 
it  be  carried  into  effect,  would  be  the  crown- 
ing sc:heme  of  all.  This  was  the  assassination 
of  Lincoln,  Johnson,  Seward,  (Irant.  Sherman 
and  .Sheridan,  and  as  many  other  prominent 
officers  and  men  of  affairs  as  could  be  reached 
and  struck  down  at  the  same  hour,  tlirough 
concerted  action.  This  done,  the  South  must 
be  victorious.  X'isions  of  place  and  power  in 
the  future  to  those  who  could  conceive  and 
execute  this  daring  scheme  fired  their  ambi- 
tion, and  personal  aggrandizement,  more  than 
pro  patrii,  urged  them  on.  liut  a  tool  must 
be  found,  and  they  had  not  far  to  look. 

John  Wilkes  Booth  was  starring  in  Canada, 
and  to  him  they  instinctively  turned.  Dur- 
ing his  engagemeni  in  Toronto,  a  meeting 
took  place  at  the  Queen's  Hotel,  liooth  knew 
enough  about  these  men  and  some  others 
then  in  (Canada,  not  to  be  surprised  at  any 
scheme  they  might  propose.  .Already  they 
had  i)erpetrated  acts  of  villainy  that  if  even 
half  [I'lnished.  would  expatriate  them  for  life. 
On  the  other  hand  they  knew  the  man  before 
them.  They  had  fathom<'d  his  inordinate 
vanity,  and  well  knew  his  sordid  ambition. 
They  ministered  to  the  one,  and  made  promises 


which,  if  fulfilled,  would  al)un(lantly  gralifv 
the  other.  They  assured  him  that  the  success 
of  the  scheme  depended  upon  himself  alone. 
That,  if  successful,  unbounded  wealth  and 
f.ime  to  gratify  the  must  ambitious  would 
be  his. 

.■\t  first.  Booth  hesitated  at  the  idea  of  whole- 
sale nnirder.  Another  scheme  had  entered 
his  t'ertile  l)rain,  and  until  that  failed,  there 
should  be  no  murder;  but  if  it  failed,  then — 
The  plan  was  to  J.idn.i])  the  President  and  as 
n.iany  others  as  could  be  taken,  gag  them, 
C(jnvey  them  to  a  safe  retreat,  and  when  an 
op])ortunity  offered,  transfer  them  to  the  rebel 
capital.  .Ml  these  fads  are  substantiated  by 
evidence  on  file  in  the  government  aniiives 
at  Washington,  among  which  is  a  letter  written 
by    liooth    which    re\eals    the   entile    scheme. 

The   disco\fry   of   .1  house   i>n    street    in 

Washington,  with  furnished  undergrouiul 
apartments  providetl  with  manacles,  and  all 
the  accessories  of  solit.iry  ronfmement,  is  evi- 
dence indisput.ihle.  In  an  upper  room  of  the 
same  building  the  Knights  <if  the  I'.lue  Ciaiint- 
let  held  their  secret  meetings,  and  finally 
plolteil  murder. 

Throughout  all  his  base  designs  the  dra- 
matic element  in  liooth  was  alw.ivs  uppermost. 
He  planned  .1  triumph. il  st.irring  trip  through- 
out the  Soiiih.  Full  of  this  idea,  he  shipped 
his  the.Uri<:al  wardrobe  from  Canatla,  and 
when  his  pi. ins  had  been  successfully  carried 
out,  he  would  don  the  buskin  once  more,  aiul 
become  .1  theatric. d  star  of  the  first  niagnitiuie, 
though  his  crime  rather  than  his  ability  as  an 
actor,  should  [irove  the  drawing  card.  If 
assassination,  which  he  now  beg.m  to  seriously 
contemplate,  should  be  the  final  outcome  of 
all  this  damnable  plotting,  what  a  lirutiis  he 
would  become.  That  immortal  creation  of 
Shaksjieare,  Julius  Cxsar,  should  be  so  modi- 
fied, that  Washington  would  become  Rome, 
and  .Abraham  Lincoln,  Ciesar.  Payne,  and 
.\t/eroth,  and  Surratl.  and  Harold,  and  half  a 
s(  )re  of  others  of  a  like  character  shoidd  be 
the  grand  conspirators,  while  he,  the  chief 
c()ns|)irator  of  all,  the  head,  the  director,  the 
murderer  par  excellence,  would  be  the  Brutus. 
How  re.ilistic  it  would  all  ])e.     .\  great  Shaks- 


m 


li 


108 


A  sor\-i:\/R  OF  THE  sr  /..I ir/:/:.\(7-  av/v.a-. 


1 


|)erc,m  tianoil),  uiil)  niiMiilic(l  in  soiiu-  par- 
ticulars to  aiLi|it  it  to  lime  and  cirtiiiii'-lanci.'. 
])1  lyed  bv  a  tioupc  uluisc  lo.idin^  chaiactcrs 
were  real  assassins!  W'liat  a  tiiiimiili  (if  llie 
rhes|iian  art!  What  a  mcidern  iiistrinnic  siic- 
cessl  One  lliinj^  only  was  lacking;.  Were  it 
but  possible  to  assassinate  a  veritable  lancoln 
at  every  presentation  of  the  pl:i.\,  nothing  more 
could  be  desired. 

Hooth  soon  discovered  that  his  scheme  of 
kidnapiiing  ct)iild  not  be  carried  out.  It  was 
deemed  too  rash.  lie  could  I'liid  no  one  who 
would  cnj^age  in  the  hazardous  underlaking. 
Somelliing  must  be  done  to  satisfy,  first,  his 
own  egotistic  ambition,  and,  second,  to  earn 
the  guertlon  of. blood,  an  earnest  of  whi<h,  in 
iMiglish  gold,  he  had  already  received  at  the 
hands  of  hiseniiiloyers,  the  ("onfederate  agents 
of  the  South. 

Now  he  began  to  ]ilan  in  earnest  the  \'il- 
lainous  scheme  of  assassination.  l-'urnished 
with  abundant  funds,  he  dropped  an  anchor 
to  windward  by  depositing  four  hundred  and 
fifty-five  dollars,  liis  own  money,  in  tlu'  Dank 
of  Ontario,  at  Montreal.  This,  with  date  of 
entry,  was  shown  by  his  bank  book,  whi(  h 
was  captured  with  Atzeroth. 

Then  came  a  search  for  the  |iro|ier  tools. 
Along  the  eas.ern  bounilary  of  Kentuckv, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  in  a  region  of  hills  .ind 
mountains  almost  inaccessible,  is  a  section  of 
country  which,  for  yeais.  has  been  the  home 
of  family  feuds,  which  have  resulted  iii  nu- 
merous murders,  and,  couseipiently  in  the 
growth  of  a  class  of  men  who  held  life  very 
cheap,  and  to  whom  a  bloody  vendetta  was 
but  a  recreation.  In  the  midst  of  such  asso- 
ciations, seven  brothers,  named  I'.iyne,  had 
grown  up.  They  were  outlaws  born,  robbers 
by  ])rofession,  and  murderers  from  choice, 
though  the  sons  of  a  Christian  ministi-r.  So 
bold  had  they  become,  and  so  bloody  their 
raids,  especially  on  the  homes  of  those  moun- 
taineers suspected  of  favoring  the  I'liion, 
that  at  length  troojis  were  sent  into  their 
neighborhood  with  instructions  to  kill  or  cap- 
ture them.  It  was  a  cavalry  force  under  the 
lead  of  an  ot'licer  only  too  well  tlisposed  to 
carry  out   hit,    instructions.     The  father  was 


captured  .iiul  impri^oni'd,  and  the  sons  made 
their  es(,ipe.  I'hree  of  them  went  to  South 
America,  and  four  of  them  lo  l-'lorida,  ,uul 
iheiK  e  to  t^air.ida.  Two  of  them  were  en- 
g.iged  in  the  St.  Albans  r.iitl,  one  I'scaped, 
and  the  other,  Lewis  I'.iyne,  under  the  as- 
sumed n.iiiie  of  Wood,  and  bv  the  direction 
of  the  I'onfederate  agents  in  Canada,  re|n)rted 
to  liooih  in  Washington,  where,  later  on,  he 
was  joined  by  John  A.  Payne,  one  of  his 
brothers,  whom  he  had  left  in  C.in.ida.  Here, 
then,  is  a  list  of  conspirators,  all  of  whom  have 
joined  tlu'  Knights  of  llu'  liliie  Ciauntlet — 
liootli,  the  two  Paynes,  one  of  whom  was 
known  as  Wood.  John  II.  Siirratt,  Sam  Ar- 
nold, ,M(  I.aughlin.  Harold.  John  I.loyd,  and 
several  others,  w  ho  took  ihe  alarm  anil  escaped 
in  time  to  avoid  arrest. 

The  assassination  of  Miir.it  by  Charlotte 
Cordav,  of  Xormandy,  is  one  of  the  conspicu- 
ous instances  on  record,  that  a  woman  may 
become  an  assassin;  .ind  even  though  we  may 
applaud  and  justify  her  ad,  yet  it  was  assas- 
sination ;  and  because  it  was  at  the  hands  of 
a  woman,  its  dramatic  eff.ei  t  was  increased 
tenfold.  Keeping  the  dramatic  effect  in  \  iew, 
liooth  determined  to  have  a  woman  in  this 
case,  and  it  w,is  not  long  before  he  bec.mie 
accjuainted  with   the  very  ]ierson   he   nee<led. 

Ten  miles  from  Washington,  in  Prince 
Cieorge's  county,  Maryland,  was  a  littlecross- 
roads  hainlet  calleil  Surrattsville.  The  prin- 
cipal jiropertv  there  was  a  hotel  ;  one  of  those 
fine  old  Southern  liostelries  which,  when  in 
the  right  hands,  was  as  complete  a  home  as  a 
temporaiv  stopping  place  can  be  made  to  bi'. 
The  owner  ga\e  his  name  to  the  village  and 
his  property  to  his  wife,  and  died  peai  eabl)', 
as  a  good  landlord  should.  The  wife  carried 
on  the  hotel  busiiu-ss  for  '  hilc  and  then 
rented  the  property  to  oiu  John  I.loyd,  re- 
moving with  her  son  and  several  daughters  to 
Washington.  Karlv  in  the  cont1i<  t,  Surratts- 
ville became  a  rebel  post-ottice,  and  Mrs.  Sur- 
ratl  a  post-mistress.  When  she  removed  to 
Washington,  John  I.loyd  looked  .ifter  the 
mails.  In  renting  her  hoi  el.  Mrs.  Surratt  re- 
served apartments  for  her  own  use  whenever 
she  chose  to  visit  Surrattsville.     Mrs.  Siirr.itt 


1 


rill:  M\sri:Rv  Of  M.iri i:  /.s/../,\/a 


109 


w.is  ;i  large,  inasciiliiu'  woman,  always  sclf- 
liosscsscil,  and  in  Iilt  way,  as  dangerous  a 
rt-bcl  as  was  ever  Helle  Hoyd  or  Ruse  (irecn- 
how.  John  Wilkes  liootli  could  not  have 
found  a  fitter  agent  in  all  Washington,  and  at 
her  house  in  the  city  and  her  rooms  in  tlie 
country  tavern  Dooth  was  ever  welcome,  and 
there  treason  took  definite  shape. 

After  ihe  iirelimiiiarics  haO  all  been  settled, 
a  jiian  of  escape  was  to  he  devised,  To  this 
end.  Booth  took  a  trip  on  horseback  through 
lower  Maryland  as  far  as  Leonardstown,  pro- 
fessing to  purchase  land,  but  in  reality  to 
mark  on  his  map  every  s])ot  and  place,  and 
every  road  and  crossing  whicli  might  in  the 
near  future  become  useful.  He  had  provided 
himself  with  one  of  the  ma])s  which  was  pub- 
lished for  Ihe  rebel  government  by  a  co])])er- 
head  hrm  in  IJuffalo,  \.  V.,  but  which  was 
not  full  enough  for  his  purposes,  and  so  he 
made  the  needed  corrections  after  personal 
examination. 

The  conspiracy  made  no  undue  haste.  All 
the  influence  thereto  was  absorbed  liy  Dooth 
and  Mrs.  .Surralt.  He  was  the  chief  plotter 
and  she  his  main  stay.  Even  among  the 
|)rin(ipals,  assassination,  though  agreed  u])on, 
was  never  referred  to  except  by  implication. 
To  have  openly  spoken  of  murder  among 
themselves  and  in  their  most  secret  <  onsulta- 
tions,  would  not  have  been  tolerated  for  a  mo- 
ment. It  was  against  the  canons  of  polite 
society.  In  this  society  Booth  was  at  home; 
he  was  sui)renie;  cool,  vigilant  and  plausible; 
the  chief  command  was  easily  accorded  him, 
and  he  felt  himself  great  in  intellectual  stat- 
ure. Mrs.  Surratt  was  too  shrewd  to  embroil 
any  member  of  her  family  in  the  conspiracy ; 
and  so  it  hai)pened  that  young  Surratt,  though 
fully  cognizant  of  everything,  was  sent  north 
bv  his  mother  a  day  before  the  assassination. 
For  a  year  or  more  he  had  been  em|)loyed  as 
a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Commissary-Clen- 
eral  ot  Prisoners.  He  was  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Knights  of  the  Blue  {'.aiintlet,  and 
treasurer  of  the  camp. 

An  extract  or  two  from  a  letter  of  his  to  a 
cousin  residing  in  New  \drk.  may  be  of  in- 
terest ; 


"  til  I  11   I-.  Ill      1  III,  (  'ii\l\ll^,Al;\  -dl   NKK.AI 


111     I'KI^OM.l;,. 
W.\SIIIM,  |ip\,    I).   (',,    |",.|,.    (,      [Mr-,.    ) 

'  .Mi-^s  Hi- 1,1  K  Si.AMAN  : 

"  I)i;ak  Coisin,    ■  I   rcicivcil  vmii-   kitci.  ;iii(i    ikii 
bfiii^'  (liiilo  so  sellish  as  you   aif,  I  will    aiiswei   il  111 
what    1    call  a  le.iscjii.iblu   lliilu.      1  ain    liappv   to    .■..[\ 
lliat  we  :mi;  all  well   and   in   tint'   spirits.      Wo   liavu 
liffii   lookiiiij   for  you   to  come  on,  willi  a  ^'real  dcil 
of  iin|ialiiiu:f.     Dijconie.  won't  yon?     just  10  llilnk, 
I  have  nuvL'r  yet  seen  oniof  my  cousins,     Hui  never 
fear,  I  will  prohaljly  see  you  all  sooner  than  you  ex 
peel.     N(^\t  week  I  leave  for  I'airope,  and  may  give 
you  a  call,  as  1  go  to  New  York.  •■     I  have  just 

taken   a   piip    in    llir    parlcjr.      Would   yon    like    to 
know  what    I    s.iw  tlure  !      Well,  .Ma  w,is    sitting  011 
ihe   sofa,  nodding   fiisi   to   one    chair,  then    another, 
and   then    the   piano,      .\niia   is   silling   in  a  eoriur, 
dreaming,  I   expect,  of  J.  \V.  ......th.     Who  is  [.  W. 

Hoolh?       Well,    she     can    answer     (hat     (|uestion. 
*'  i^ut   hark,  the  door-liell    rin!,"^.  and    Mr. 

I.  \V.  Booth,  is  announced.  Ju^-t  listen  lo  ihe  scam- 
pering. Such  brushing  and  fixinu.  We  .dl  send 
love  to  you  and  familv. 

"  Vour  <  'ousin. 
■  1     11.\RR1S()N    SfRR.A  I  T, 
"541   II  Street,  lielween  Otli  and  71I1  strtets  " 

.M. liters  were  now  .i|ipro.uhing  a  crisis.  1 1 
w.is  at  first  intended  that  the  assassination 
should  t.ike  iihice  during  the  inauguration 
ceremonies,  but  it  was  finally  decided  to  be 
too  risky.  Wnen  it  became  known  that  the 
President  would  apjiear  in  |)ublii:  at  l''ord's 
Theatre,  the  time  for  tlefinite  ,iction  was  plain. 

liooth's  principal  .ictors  were  now  assigned 
their  |)arts.  John  Harrison  Surratt  was  to  go 
north  into  Canada,  and  on  hearing  of  the 
result,  if  all  was  right,  he  was  to  rep.iir  at  once 
to  Toronto  and  there  (hum  the  promised  gold 
and  make  his  way  to  Richmond.  .Vt/.eroth 
W.IS  to  murder  the  Vi(e-i)resident,  Andrew 
J.ickson  ;  Lewis  I'.iyne,  or  Wood  as  he  called 
himself,  was  to  look  after  Sew.ird  ;  Sam 
Arnold  and  M<L.iughlin.  were  each  to  kill  a 
cabinet  officer,  and  John  I.loyd,  a  general. 
John  A.  I'ayne,  with  two  confeder.ites,  had 
gone  to  \orth  Carolina  to  look  after  Sherman. 
H.irold  was  the  stage  manager,  and  looked 
after  the  properties.  Horses  and  arms  were 
provided,  and  every  possible  avenue  of  escape 
cleared,  even  to  cutting  the  telegraph  wires 
around   the  city.     On  the   very   afternoon    of 


fifi 


1  in 


./  .svr/v-'WA'  fV   /■///•    w   /./ ,'fA7;.\v/    av/v-.a: 


i    1 


till'  miirdiT  Mr-^.  SiiriMll  \i<Hril  Siii  r.ill^\  illc 
.111(1  t"lil  jiilin  I,l,i\(l  t(i  hue  tlu-  (.iiliincs 
which  mjuiil;  Siiiiall  h,i(l  placril  in  hi^  i  ,iil', 
rcaily  lur  imnirdi.iic  ii->c,  as  ihuv  uoiiKl  lie 
iicihIl-iI  thai  iiiL;iit.  l.lovil  had  Mail  liis  wiir 
auMv  nil  a  \isil.  Thiro  weeks  luhuc  the 
miirdrr.  llamld  loKl  -^diiU'  liinids  th.il  the 
next  lime  ihey  heard  nf  him  lie  wnald  lie 
in  S|iai)i  ;  addii);^  that  tluie  was"iiip  e\tra- 
dilioii  treaty  wilh  that  coiiiitiy. "  |cilin  l.lnyd 
Inld  fiiends  at  Siirratts\  ille  that  he  would 
'■  make  a  liarrel  of  inone)'  or  that  his  iie(  k 
would  stretch,"  Atzerotli  said  in  I'ort  To- 
liacco,  til, It  if  he  "ever  visited  tli.it  pi, ice 
aj4iin  he  would  he  rich  enough  to  buy  it." 

On  that  f.itelrl  l-'rid.iy  iiiiiht   T'oid's 'I'lieati  r 
w, IS  crowded.       I-oivj;   lielore    the  i  iirtain  rose, 
the  ■■  .SlaiidiiiL;  rcmm  oiih  "  c.ird  w,is  dis])l,i\ed 
.It    the    til  ket  ofticc-  u  ii'.dow.      .\e,ir    the  door, 
the   lobby  w,is  crouiled.      iJootli  went   on    the 
stage,   and    t'rom    behind    the    scenes    looked 
scarchiiiLjly     over     the     ,iii(lielicc.       Suildenly 
ne.ir  the  door,  .i  voice  was  beard.       It  s.iid  : 
"Nine  o'clock  and  lorly-lhe  iniiiutesl" 
The    words   were    repcilt'd    b\    other  xoiies 
until  they  re.u  lied  llu'  sidew.ilk.      W'liile   peo- 
\>\c  wondered,  the  \  oice  said  ag.iin  : 
"Nine  o'l  lock  ,ind  fit'tv'  minutes!" 
This  ,dso  p.issed   on    .is  betore.  and  then  — 
, liter  an  inter\al  — 

■■  Nine  o'clock  and  llfty-five  minutes  !  '" 
'I'he  life  of  the  rresident  w,is  growing 
shorter  by  intervals  ot  In  e  minutes  e.ii  h, 
'I'lie  bells  in  the  clock  to\^er.^  tolled  out  ten 
o  clock.  Why,  they  knew  not,  Ijtil  ,i  shudder 
crept  through  the  audience. 

"  Ten  o'cloi  k  and  t"i\e  minutes  !  '" 
Another  interv.il.      Then  : 
"   Ten  o'clock  and  ten  nimules  !  " 
Ai  this   inst,int    liooth    entered   the  door  of 
the    the. Iter,  ,ind    the    men  who    h,id   so    faith- 
tally  repeated  the  murderd.iden  im'mites  si  .it- 
tered    as   though    a    messengei-   ol     l)e.ilh    had 
approached.       j-'ive    minute:,     more     and    the 
deed  was  done. 

.\t  the  s.inie  nioinent  Payne  was  scattering 
blood  from  room  to  room  in  Secretarv  Sew- 
ard's home.  Ilaviiii;  murdered  Mr.  Sew.ird, 
as    he    thought,    ,ind    but    for    Robinson,    the 


niMNe,  It  would  h.ive  been  an  ai  complished 
tact,  he  mounli  d  his  horse  and  .ilicmpled  to 
find  iioolh  and  Harold,  but  the  sellisliness  ol 
crime  w.is  uppermost,  and  tin v  h,id  gone  and 
b'b  liim  to  his  f.Ue.  The  i  ily  w.is  ,d,irme(l, 
and  he  lied  to  the  open  coiinlrv  ;  when  near 
i'ort  ianioln,  on  liie  li.iltiniore  pike,  his 
iiorse  stumbled  ,iiid  threw  him  hcidloiii;. 
11. ill  stunned  ,inil  bewildered,  he  ,irose  and 
'esoiving  to  return  to  the  city,  attemiited  to 
disguise  himself. 

He  threw  aw.iy  his  bloody  coat,  whicli  was 
afterw.ird  found,  and  from  a  sleeve  of  his 
woolen  undershirt  he  lashioned  ,i  rude  (  .ip, 
.md  then,  plentifully  daubing  himself  with 
mud  ,ind  i  l.iv,  .md  shouldering  a  pii  k  which 
he  fotiml  in  the  intrem  hmeiits  near  by,  he 
st.iited  lor  Washington. 

He  re. 11  lied  Mrs.  Surr.itt's  door  just  as  the 
olliiers  were  arresting  her.  He  was  t.ikeii 
into  cusiody.  He  had  come,  he  saiil,  to  tlig 
.1  dill  h  fiu-  Mrs.  Surratt,  who  had  hired  him. 
With  all  the  effrontery  of  crime,  Mrs.  Surratt 
protested  th.it  she  had  never  before  seen  the 
man,  .md  th.it  she  had  no  ditch  to  dig  The 
ollicers  washed  I'aync's  hands  and  found  them 
to  be  soft  and  tender  ,is  a  woman's.  In  his 
jiockets  they  found  tooth  .md  nail  brushes, 
and  a  delicile  pocket  knife.  L>niisiial  toilet 
implements  to  be  found  on  the  person  of  a 
digger  of  ditches. 

At/eroth's  room  at  the  Kirkvvood  was 
directly  over  that  of  \'ice-l'resident  Johnson. 
He  wis  there  to  do  murder,  but  the  opjiortu- 
nity  failed,  .md  his  courage  also.  He  lied  in 
such  haste  that  he  left  his  weapons,  a  bowie 
knife  ,iiul  revf)lver,  between  the  iiKiltresses  of 
his  bed,  liooth'scoat  was  found  in  his  room, 
,ind  in  the  pockets  were  riding  gauntlets, 
boxes  of  c.irtridges,  a  iii.ip  of  Maryland,  juib- 
lislied  in  Hutf.ilo,  and  corrected  by  his  own 
hand,  .i  spur,  and  a  handkeri  hief  marked  with 
his  mother's  name.  At/eroth  lied  .done,  and 
when  captured  w.is  at  the  house  of  his  uncle 
in  Montgomery  i  ounty.  Maryl.md.  .s^ain 
.\rnoli!  and  Mcl.iughlin  grew  faint  he.irted 
and  ran  .iw.iy,  williout  making  tlie  slightest 
attempt  to  c.irrv  out  their  p.irt  of  the  pro- 
gramme. 


O 


1 


I 


Tiir:  .y)s /■/■:/;) 


"/•  M.iri.i,  isi.wn. 


"3 


til   Thurs,l,,y   n„l„    ,Iku    the       ,„  .,,    l,,r  out  ,.,    the  ...v.      Ily.h..     n.l   .,f   , 

t     lliinlli     1,,..    ii,>..   I, ,11..   1 ,  .'  '   .r  •">'    "I   .1 

lU'-rn,  to   whom    thry    -j^Asy     live    dnll,,,-,,    ihr\ 

HMchcd  the  lioiisc  of  one  .Sim  Coxe,  .;i  mivl- 
iii.^ht.  Coxc  was  a  notorious  i-l,cl,  ,iii.!  though 
the  la.  I  eoiihl  not  l)e  fully  cslal)lishe(l,  eno.i.^h 
w.is  learned  to  < onvinee  .ill  who  heard  his  e"\- 
.iniinalion  that  he  was  well  .iw.iiv  of  the  <:on- 
■^liir.iey. 

r 


It  was  noi  111) 
re.il  mientioiis  of  !!,,(. ih  l>e(,iine  lully  known 
lo  ihe  Kiii^hts  of  the  liluc  (l.iiinilel.  [ohn  \\, 
.Siirratl,  before  leaviiit;  the  ciiy  on  ■I'hiirsd.iy 
morning,  eonrided  the  facts  in  .,  brother 
Knii^ht.  ConfuMon  .md  ternu-  ensued,  and 
many  of-  the  band  hurriedly  lied  Iroiii  the 
'  ity,  and  those  who  reiii.iined  kept  themselves 

;:;;^:,u:::.  ";:;.:■:,  ■;„;:;;:':;:;' ... ; : -■■■•  tr -  -  ^" ^ - 

,.:r;,,;:::jl':-;:;:::;::':;-;i;-?-^ 
^;r:;;;,;:;;:t.:'::t= ::r-iv;;::i:; '"x  r 

di.inounled_  .n,,!    ■; ,,..  i '      "",    '        .    "'^  '''"•'  "">''  '"  '1'^'  '  n.^itive^  was  to  eross 


Miiounted,  and   enterin-   the  bar  pro,  ure,l  a       the     I'ot 
bottle  of  whi.ky  whidi    he   handed    lo    lioolli, 
and   then  rushint;  i;|i  ^t.iirs    he  brou-hl   down 
"lie  of  tlie<-.irbines  wIik  h  hail  been  lefl    there 
I'V    John    if.    Siirr.itl.      One   only  was  taken. 
I'll'-  other,  left    in  the   h.ill,  was  found    by  the 
otliiers.      .\s   they  started    off,  |!,,()i|i    said   to 
l.lo.wl:   "We  have  murdered   the  I'resident  of 
the  United  States  and  the  Secret. iry  of  Stale." 
Uefore    sunrise    on     S.iturtlay   iiiorniiii;     tliev 
reached  the  house  of  I  )r.  Miuld.    I  iere  nooth's 
injured   leg.  one  of  liie   bones  of   wliic  h    was 
broken  when  he  jumped  down  upon  the  Mai;e 
■  It   the  theatre,  was  set.      A    hnk    in  ihe  ch.im 
"f  evidence  was  left   here;  liooth's  ndin- boot 
li.'ii  to  be  cut  to  -et    it  from  his  fool,  and   his 
name  was  written   in  the    inside  of  the  le^  .in 
till'   linin-.      it   was    not    noii.e.l.    and    so    ii 
remaine.l   there  until    fomi.l   by  the  oftuers  in 


"mae.  'I'his  w.is  .,  ni.ne  ol  '..mie 
(lani^er.  Friday  eveniii-  ,,  while  man  w... 
seen  t,,  brin.u  a  can.ie  to  ihe  shore  ,ind  anchor 
It  "ith  a  sloiie.  between  seven  .ind  einhl 
>'Vlock  the  next  morning  it  dis.ippe.ired,  and 
in  ihe  .iltern.ion  sonic  workmen  s.uv  iw.,  nun 
I'lml    111    a    ..iiuje    on    the    .south    sitK 


I'olom.i.-.  ,ind   sirike 


imrsiiit;  one  .if  the  .dews  wlii.li 
rouie  .)f  Ihe  fiiLiilives 


if  the 
across  a  ploughed  held 
toward  king  (k'crge  Court  House.  One  of 
tlic  men  walked  wilh  ,,  ,rut.  h.  P.ooil,  w.is 
provide.]  with  .1  .rut.h  at  the  house  of  Dr. 
Miidd.  -{'hey  were  next  liear.l  of  ai  ihe  r,,rt 
Royal  lerry,  and  llien  at  Oarrett's  liou.se. 
N'ow,  the  long-persecuted  Unionists  of  Lower 
Maryland  began  to  .onie  forward  and  give 
important  testimony,  which  under  threats  and 
intimidation  they  never  before  d.ired  t.i  whis- 
per. They  told  of  the  meetings  of  the  .  .mspir- 
itors   ai    l.lovd's    Hotel    in    Surrattsville,  and 


rcveale.l   the  then     f.lovd    was    arresle.l.      Pootirs    .  arbine 

at  nr.  Mud.ps  .luring  tiu:^d:,::;:,t':r,  ■:";'  t-;;;;;-  -^" /"tv^'^^'"'-  '•'<'^"  ■— -• 

•"-nuing  ,h  .ir  horses  they  rode   nv            d  ,            '  '"7  "      '''""'^  "^''"'  "'^'  """^'"« 

.i.reoion  of  Allen's   Fresh       Ft      i      o  A    e    '  7       7"       ''"'  "'^'  '"''''"''■  "'   '  "•  •''"''^• 

1-h    thai    Moydhadsen.   his::.!     •"      ■  :'Z  n^'^l    "'-H's    Lo.its.     This    was 

^i^ii  hUoie  l.l.ivd  .■onressed,.ind  was  the  first  posi- 


114 


. /  s<ifr/:.\7u  ('/■■  /■///    ■-/■   '  •;/-A7\v/-  u/rrA\ 


.,   J 


J  i  i 


live  t'\Kii.'n<r  llic  (i|li(  (.■!>  li.id  lli.il  tluy  wiTi' 
ii|i(iii  tlic  ir.iil  nl  till'  miiiilciiTs.  Mm  li  ol'  ilic 
Mltcr  success  nf  ihc  |iiirsiiit  was  due  tu  ilic  (  arc- 
liil  work  iloiu'  li\'  ihi^  lilllc  si|ua(l  (i|  iKlci  tivcs. 

A  scciiiul  |iaii\,  iiiidfr  llic  (liar;4ctjf  Major 
O'licirni',  now  look  ilic  fuld.  'riiidiiL;!!  iIrsc 
the  I'.idinj;  plai  c  ol  \t/cidlli  was  dix  o\cicd, 
and  lie  was  aricsicd.  W'idi  llii^  paily  \\a^ 
Captain  licikwiili,  (Ini.  (liam's  i  hid'  (  iphcr 
operator,  wlio  tapped  the  wire  at  I'oiiit  l.ook- 
ont,  and  ihns  put  the  War  1  leparinienl  in 
nionu'ntary  ( oinnnmic  ation  with  the  theater 
of  events.  I!y  this  linu'  the  iKiops  were 
assenililinL;  in  xarioii^,  part-,  ot  the  coimir\  in 
consiileralile  nnnihers.  Seven  hnndn-d  men 
of  tlie  l'j\i;nth  IMinois  (',i\  airy,  six  hundred  irien 
of  llie  'I'wi'nly-sei  ond  i  dhned  N'ohinteers  and 
one  lumdred  of  the  Si\teenlll  New  \'ork  were 
patrollini,'  llie  (ountry  by  detai  hnienis,  while 
Major  ()'l?eirne  and  Col.  Wells,  with  a  force 
of  cavalry  and  infantry,  swe|it  the  entire 
peninsula  with  a  line  of  skirmishers  de]iloyed 
inclose  inter\.ils.  M.ijor  O'lleirne,  w  ilh  hi> 
detectives,  then  <  rossed  the  roloinac  and 
found  where  the  fugitives  h.ul  l.mded  from 
the  canoe  on  lioone's  farm.  'I'hi--  wa-.  .niollier 
link  in  the  chain  which  L;a\e  a  (lew  to  iheir 
rf)ute. 

Now  ( oines  the  cliiet  ol  the  secret  ser\  ii  e. 
Col.  Lafayette  l'.,iker,  on  the  scene.  .Misent 
from  W'ashinnton  at  the  lime  of  tlie  murder, 
he  returned  thr.e  days  after,  by  ortler  of 
Secretary  Stanton,  and  eiiLjaged  at  once  in  the 
search  for  IJooth.  lie  jiossessed  himself  ol 
all  the  War  Dep.irtment  knew  regardinn  the 
matter,  and  then  acted-  ilis  fust  find  was  a 
nej^ro  who  saw  Hooih  and  Il.irokl  when  the\' 
crossed  the  Potomac. 

Sending;  to  Ceneral  Ham  ock  for  tweniy- 
tlve  cavalrymen  and  an  officer,  iaeiitenant 
Edward  V.  Doherty,  he  sal  down  to  his  maps 
to  decide  upon  the  probable  route  of  the 
fugitives.  He  knew  that  they  would  not  keep 
close  to  the  (oast  owint^  to  the  difficulty  in 
crossing;  swamps  and  rivers,  nor  would  they 
take  any  direction  leadin<;  east  of  Richmond, 
where  they  were  likely  at  any  time  to  strike 
our  lines.  He  soon  dei  ided  th.it  tlu'y  would 
be   most    likeU    to    pass   through    Port    Royal, 


.iiid  thiue  he  hoped  lo  mlerieiil  theii).  'i'he 
lillle  force  of  <  av.di)  del.iiled  Iroin  Company 
(I,  idth  N.  \  ,  under  the  commaiul  of  l,ieii- 
len.int  llohelly,  h.i\  ing  lepnrled,  he  pl.u  ed 
ihein  under  the  command  <if  l.ieutenaiil- 
Colonel  (  'onger,  of  (  )hio,  anil  1  aeiilen.ml  I ,.  II. 
Ii.iker,  (if  New  NDik,  ,ind  ^eiil  them  direc  t  lo 
Inlle  I M, I  in,  on  I  he  lower  i'olom.u  ,  from  ihelK  e 
lo  ^i  our  the  whole  coinitry  north  of  Port 
Roy.d  Here  lhe\  found  a  negro  who  had 
dri\ei'  luo  uun,  in  his  w .igon,  a  short  distance 
toward  Howling  (iieen.  These  men  answered 
the  dcM  riptioii  of  the  fugitives.  Tlie  ferry- 
man wlio  look  the  p. Illy  aiross  the  Ra|ip,i- 
h.inniK  k  gave  them  inlorm.ilion  of  the  utmost 
imporlaiu  e,  though  wrung  from  him  by  threats. 
I'hey  le.irned  that  the  two  men  were  at  lh.it 
moment  King  at  the  house'  of  one  Carrett, 
which  thev  h.ul  |i,isse(l  some  time  before, 
Relr.uing  their  steps,  the  ne.irly  exhausled 
(.u.ilryinen  reached  Ci.irrelt's  ,il  two  o'clock 
in  ilu'  morning.  Il  was  ,i  p. lie  moonlighl 
nighi.  'The  pl.iiii  old  f.iinihouse  was  dimly 
si'eii  through  ,1  loc  list  gro\e.  Il  stood  about 
three  himdrecl  \  ards  from  I  he  ro.id,  and  behind 
It  an  old  weather-be. lien  li.irn,  some  long  corn 
(  rib-.,  and  ,l  cMttle  shed. 

I'lntering  the  ro.idside  gate,  the  troojjs  rode 
11])  to  the  house.  I  .ieiitenant  I  )olierty  picketed 
the  premises,  .and  then  rode  up  to  a  side  cii- 
tr.mce  and  raiMied.  .\n  old  man  in  his  night 
clothes,  with  a  candle  in  his  hand,  made  his 
appearance.      It  was  Carret. 

"Where  are  the  men  who  are  slaying  with 
you  ?  "  asked   I  )oheily. 

'"They  are  gone,"  he  said.  '"They  went 
to  the  woods  this  afterntjiui." 

In  the  meantime  a  lad,  John  M.  Ciarrelt, 
had  been  found  by  one  of  Doherty's  men  in  a 
corncrib.  (  hiestioned  in  earnest,  he  saw  that 
evasion  would  nut  do,  and  at  oik  e  revealed 
the  fact  that  Mooth  and  Ilarrold  were  asleej) 
in  the  barn.  Doherty  had  already  threatened 
to  search  the  house,  and  the  women  were  ii|) 
and  dressed,  but  this  news  ch.mged  the  pro- 
gramme. 

The  troops  were  dismounted  and  the  barn 
surrounded.  Maker  hailed  the  persons  inside, 
who  could  now  be  heard  stirring 


Till   MYsii-.Rv  or  Mini-  isi wn. 


1 1 


.. 


'■'"■'"•  "'il^^'i  '.'lltil  1(1  tlinii:  "\Vc  .uc 
■il'Oiil  In  sriui  in  the  Mill  ,  tlu.  „,,,„  III  „,||„^,, 
•iistndy  wMKirr  luiin.l.  Minvn.lu  v.Kir  .irrns 
to  him,  and  i^iv,.  v,,iii  .,cl\ xs  up  ur  wV  u-,l|  Ihv 
tlic  plaLc. " 

I'li^-'f  wa.  MO  answi-i.  I'hc  ,h„„-  ^vas 
"la'iu.l  and  VDiin-  Ciiivt  puslicd  inside,  ,i|.- 
I'L'alcd  tu  them  to  MiiiviidLT.  With  an  oatli 
linoth  said:  -Cct  out  of  h.re,  ^■„„  have 
liclravfd  n..-  The  l.oy  shaped  out  a«ain  a.. 
Ilio  door  was  sli.i;hlly  opened,  and  rep,,rled 
iliat  his  ert-aiul  liad  failed. 

The  summons  was  repeated  l,v  iJaker, 
'•  Vou  must  surrender:  (live  up  vour  arms 
and  ,  nine  out!  There  is  no  (  haniv  for  escaj..'. 
We  -ive  you  ten  minutes  to  make  iij.  vour 
minds." 

I'lien  came  the  demand:  •' Wh,,  are  ynu, 
and  what  (hi  you  want  with  us.'" 

Haker  again  said:  -  We  w;nii  vuu  to  ,|eiivr 
u|i  your  arms  and  become  our  prisoners." 

After  a  l.ip^e  of  some  miniiles.  llaker  liaHed 
again:  "  Well,  we  have  wailed  long  enoii-h; 
tome  out  and  surrender,  or  we'll  hie  ihe  l.arn.  " 
"'"'tl'  answered:  "I  am  a  cripple,  a  one- 
legged  man.  Withdraw  v.nir  tones  twenty- 
five  p.i. :es  from   the  door,  ,ind    1    will    ,■ e. 

(live   me  a  chance  for  my  life.      I  will   never 
l)e  taken  alive." 

"We  did  not  come  here  to  light.  l„it  to 
cai)ture  you.  Surrender,  or  the  barn  will  be 
lired,"  said  Dolieriy. 

"Well,  then,  my  brave  boy.s,  prepare  a 
stretcher  for  me,"  cried  Hooth. 

Then  there  was  a  pause,  during  which  i 
discussion  between  Booth  and  his  companion 
was  heard.      Booth  said.  "( let  away  from  me. 

V„u  re  a coward,  and  want  to  leave  nie  m 

my  di.stress;   but  go-go!      1  don't  want   vou 
to  stay  —  [  won't  have  you  slav  .'  "      'I'lien   lu 


shouted:    "There's  a   man    inside   here   who 
wants  to  surrender." 

Then  Harold  rattled  at  the  door,  and 
I'a^'ed  to  be  let  out,  saying,  "[  want  to 
surrender." 

''Hand  out  your  arms,  then,"  said  Doherty. 
"  I  have  none." 

"Vou  are  the  man  who  carried  the  carbine 
yesterday;   bring  it  out." 


"  I  haven'i  go!  any."  h,  a  whining  tone, 
I'-ooth  then  s.iid:  "On  the  woid  .md  ||,,|,„r 
ol  a  man  ,ind  ;i  geiillein.in,  he  has  no  ,iiin> 
""''  '"III-  I'Ih')  are  mine,  ,ind  I  have  ihnn." 
Harold  c.ime  to  tlu'  door,  wa^  sn/ed  and 
pulled  out  by  Doherty,  haiuh  lilted  and  liirneil 
over  to  Corporal   \eug:irleii, 

liooth  then  made  his  l.i^i  .ippe.il.  '•('.ipiam. 
,i;:-e  me  ,i  ,  hauce.  Draw  off  your  men  ,iud  1 
"ill  Tighi  them  singly.  I  could  have  killed 
you  si.x  iiuie„  to-night,  but  I  believe  you  lo 
I'l;  a  brave  man,  and  would  not  murder  yoii. 
(live  .1  l.inie  man  ,i  show." 

't  was   too  l.ite  for  further   jiarley.      Before 
I"'  liad  ceased  to  spe:ik  Colonel  Conger  slipped 
around   to  the  rear  of  the    l.arn,  and   drawing 
some    loose   straws   through  :i  rr.i.k    set    ihein 
on  lire.      They  were  dry  and  soon    in  a  bl,i/e 
lii^hiing  up  every  part  of  the  gre.it  barn.      .\t 
sight  of  the  lire  Booth  (lr,,ppe,l  his  (  rutch  and 
'■ail>ine  ...n.l  ,  rept  on  his  hands  and  knees   to 
llie  spot  hoping  to  see  the  in.  emli.irv  and  shoot 
I'liii  <l<'"n.      Then  he  turned  upon' the  (ire  ,is 
It   to  leaji  upon  :ind  e\iingiii.,h  it  ;   but  it    h.nj 
.gained     too    much    headway.       Turning,    he 
"tade   f.u-  tlie  door,  resolved  not  to  die  ;done. 
when    .Serge.int   Boston  Corbett.  thinking   that 
lie  was  about   to   shoot    Lieutenant    Dohertv, 
filed   with  the  intention  of  hitting  him  in   the' 
aim,  but  instead  of   the  arm  the  bullet    stru.  k 
'"111  ill  the  head,  barely  an  inch  from  the  spot 
where  the  assassin's  bullet  struck  the  murdered 
Bresident. 

It   was  first   thought  that   he  had  shot    him- 
self.     He    fell   into    the    arms  of    Lieutenant 
Doherty,  who  brought  him  out  .of  the  burning 
l-arn  and  laid  him  upon  the  grass.      Water  was 
Ill-ought  and  dashed  upon  his  f:ice,  and  he  re- 
vived.     Me  was  then   crried  to  the   porch  of 
the  house  and  laid  upon  a  mattress.      Brandy 
and   water  was  given    him.  and    when  able   to 
speak     he     said:     "Useless,     useless."      '{'he 
soldiers  extinguished  the  lire.      Booth  muttered 
"Kill  me!    Kill  mel  "      Brandy  was  given  him 
every   minute,  and   the  doctor   who   lived  si.x 
iiiilfs    away,   arrived    but    could    do   nothing. 
Booth  asked  to  have  his  h.inds  raised  so  that 
lie  .(uild  see  them;   his  arms  were   paralv/ed, 
so  that  he  knew  not  where  they  were.      When 


1 1'> 


•■/  .sv '/;■/•.■  \7A'  tv-    rnr:  s /:  /.nrh'/xii   h'/\  /:h\ 


w  n 


llil'V  »i  If  -^hnwn  lillll.  In-  lilllllrud:  "  r>clrxs, 
ir-.rk'^>!"  riir\  W CI  r  lil>  l.l^t  »  Old-;  ,l|j|ilii,i- 
liU'  iKil  tiiify  t(i  liN  1i,iikI>,  liiit  til  Ins  ulmli; 
liK'.  "l'sclus>."  Aiiil  so  he  (1k(I.  III-, 
iciii.iin^  wi'ir  --L'U-cil  n|i  111  ,1  saddle  liLiiikcl, 
I'l. II  rd  in  a  ii(  Ul\  old  w,i-oii  dr.uvn  liv  .in 
..iiiiieiit  relit  ill  a  lioi^e,  ,iiid  the  iiiaieh  lo 
\\'a^hiiiL;t(ili  wa-.  lie^iiii.  The  aiiii>  toiiiul 
with  him  were  , I  knite,  .1  re|ie.ilin;;  ( .irliine  and 
.1  ii.iirol  re\i)Keis,  .\di,ii\.  Iiills  of  evehaiij^c 
.111(1  ('inada  inoiuy  wvw  lound  on  In--  person. 
1 1, Hold  \va^  niounled  on  a  hoise,  his  lc^;-i  tied 
to  the  >tirni|is.  and  plat  ed  in  ehar^i^e  of  four 
men,  .iiid  the  lorlei^c  of  relriliulivc  justice 
moved  on . 

"  lli'Mi;4li  ihc  mills  of  (loii  ^riiiil  sluwlv. 
Vi  1  lliL'v  utukI  cxcci-diM),'  M'lall  , 
'riioiiuli  with  |iaileiirr  lie  >i.iinls  w.iuiii^, 
Willi  CN.ICllU'SS  (iiiiuN    lie  .ill    " 

l''err\inL;  onee  more  at  Port  Koy.il  they 
pti--hed  on  for  llelle  I'lain.  reai'hiii^  there 
alioul  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when 
the\'  einl), irked  for  Washington,  where  .1  few 
oidv  were  pennilted  to  see  the  corpse  for  the 
purpose  of  identil'ication.  That  this  should 
lie  complete,  the  Secret, iry  of  War  dire<  leil 
Col,  ll.iker  to  summon  ,1  nuinlier  of  witnesses 
residing  in  Washinnlon  who  li.ul  previously 
known  IJootli.  Six  witnes>e>.  who  h,id  for 
ye,ii>  known  him  intim.iieU,  were'  ex.iniined, 
.iiid  identified  the  leiii.iins.  SurL;e(U)-(  nller.il 
Barnes  lait  from  the  neck  .ihoiil  two  inches  of 
the  spinal  coliiinn  through  ulii(  h  the  liuliet 
had  passed.  This  i:-  in  the  Cioveriimenl 
Medical  Museum  in  W.ishin<^ton,  and  is  the 
onh'  relic  of  the  assassin's  body  in  existence. 
No  further  mutilation  of  the  rem.iins  took 
place  in  the  slightest  degree.  I'dllowing  the 
further  instructions  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
as  to  the  disposition  of  the  hody,  it  was  t.iken 
directly  from  the  Riinhoat  to  the  old  peniten- 
tiary building  adjoining  the  arsen.il  grounds, 
and  there  in  a  cell  a  large  ll.it  stone  was 
r.iised  from  the  tloor,  a  rude  grave  dug,  the 
body  (hojiped  in,  and  so  ended  the  funeral 
obseipiies  of  John  Wilkes  Hooth.  the  assassin. 
Atzeroth,  Payne,  Harold  and  Mrs.  Siirratt 
were  tried,  convicted  and  hanged.  The  exe- 
cution  took   place  on    the   9th  of  July,  1S65. 


<  Mhers,  no  (hmlii  1  cpially  gilillN  111  intent, 
es(  .iped  ;  ,ind  the  mowUKIlts  of  some  (jf 
iliese  will  be  set  forth  in  this  n.iri,iii\e,  Inio 
llie  del, Ills  of  the  trial  .md  ixeciition,  I  need 
""'  cuter.  Complete  .uioiints  m.iv  be  h,id 
Irom  oiher  soiiries,  no  doubt  well  known  to 
i'i>-'  le.ider,  Irom  this  point  the  ii.irr.itive 
will  press  sle.ulily  on  tow.ird  the  "  .Mystery  ol 
.M.il>le  Island." 

.Much  of  wh.it  is  yet  to  be  s.iid  is  i)iit  a 
I  ompil.ition  of  existing  records,  published 
and  unpublished,  some  of  which  li.ive  been 
kindly  loaned  to  the  author  ol  this  chapter, 
The  reader  will  remember  th.it  John  .\.  I'ayne 
w,is  sent  to  Niutli  C.irolin.i  to  look  .ifter 
Ceiu'r.il  Sherm.in,  and  the  lirst  <  lue  to  his 
wluue.iliouis  .11  the  time  of  the  .iss.issinalion, 
i^  lound  in  the  following  correspondence, 
whi(  li  we  gi\e  entire. 

"  .Mm.  iKIIl.AlP    Cl  M  .    NiiK  I  II   ('  VKiUlS  A,  / 

M.iy  ;,  is(,."i,  \ 

"  lloii.  Wll  I  l.VM  II,  Si  w  \i;ii.  SccKlaiy  nf  St. uc  : 

Sli::  I'",iicliisi/i|  \(,u  u-ill  Imd  .i  U  urr  which  I 
fiaiiul  ll.i.uiii^;  ill  ihc  \\\v\  Iv  the  new  ( invrniiniiil 
vvliaif.  al  this  placf,  mi  the  evfiiing  nf  the  ji|  inst. 
Ii  was  iKil  iiiuil  Ian;  last  iiiuhl  that  I  siicceeilcil  in 
Icariiinu  its  iiiirpmi.  ii  liciiit;  in  ciiiher.  Having' 
li'.iriicd  ils  naluie.  1  l.isc  iiu  liiue  in  li.nisMiilliiin  11 
In  > on,  I  alsd  send  .1  coiiv  of  (lie  IclUT  ,is  liaiisl.ilcd. 
■|hi-  hllri  i\ideiilly  h.id  imi  ln(ii  0|iciuil  when 
lliiowii  ill  ihr  nvir.  I  ihiiiU  the  liiiid  w.is  liere 
aw.iiiiii-  the  .iniv.il  of  Central  Sheiiii.ui,  but  Icarn- 
iiiL;  dial  he  had  gonr  liv  way  of  Wilmington,  and 
heiiig  pi'sscd  |jy  delcLtives.  threw  it  ovcrhinrd. 

('11  As.    I)K\ir. 

•'I',  S.  —  If  the  letter  sh.uild  lead  In  aiiylhiiiL;  of  im- 
porlaiM  e,  s,,  ih;,t  ji  would  In-  iirrcss.irv  dial  I  should 
tie  seen.  I  c.ui  he  fomid  al  1  jd  Siuuh  II  St..  IjcIwitu 
(illi  and  -\\  sis,  I  .nil  at  |iiescnt  crifiancd  in  theCon- 
snurtion  f'oriis.  K.iilroad  I)f|iaitmeiii,  .it  this  jilace. 
Will  he  in  Washiiii,'toii  in  a  few  days." 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  cipher 
letter.  It  was  one  of  those  ciphers  which  are 
re.idily  translatable  when  the  key  is  known, 
and  even  that  is  not  so  very  difficult  to  dis- 
cover. The  government  experts  were  familiar 
with  it,  having  often  seen  the  same  cijiher  in 
cajittired  rebel  correspondence.  Hence  it 
was  e.isy  to  see  that  Mr.  Denet's  ingenuity 
had  given  him  the  key  to  the  true  meaning  of 
the  epistle. 


u 


Tin.    MYSTERY  OF  MAPI.E  I  SI  WD. 


ii; 


i 

r 


[Trnii'-hiliiin.  I 

"  \V  \^niNi,  kjs,  Aiiiil  I ;.  |S6;. 

"  ()l.  VK  |oHN  —  I  :iin  liai'l'V  lo  iiifunii  yoii  lli.il  I'd. 
has  (li)iii'  his  work  well,  lii'  is  -..ife  aiul  dUI  Alir  is 
ill  hell.  Now.  >ir,  all  eyes  ;\ie  nn  ymi  —  ymi  musi 
liriii','  Sheniiaii.  (iraiil  is  in  the  hamls  nf  ( lUl  Oiay 
fie  iliis  Kcil  Shoes  showeil  laik  of  nerve  in  Sew- 
aid's  r.ise.  lull  III!  back  in  ({"""J  "ider.  Johnson 
must  couii'  Old  Crook  has  him  in  charye.  Mind 
Will  the  Uroiher's  O.ilh,  and  you  will  h.ive  no  dill'i- 
(  iilu.  All  will  he  safe,  and  we  will  eiijov  the  fruit 
of  oiii  labors  We  h.id  ,i  larjje  ineeliiiu  last  iiinht  - 
all  weie  liciit  on  carrvinu  out  the  |ironraiume  to  the 
letter.  rile  i.iiK  .ire  l.iid  for  s;ife  e.\il.  Oh!  -.ilways 
liehind  ~  lost  the  p.iss  at  ("ily  I'oiiit.  .\'ow,  I  say 
.in.iin:—  I'hr  lives  (if  our  brave  ollieeis  ami  ihe  life 
of  the  South  depends  upon  the  c.irryiiin  this  pio 
(,'ramiiie  into  c>irccl.  No.  2  will  yive  you  this.  Ii 
Is  ordeird  ih.it  110  more  lellcrs  be  sent  by  mail. 
When  you  wrile  .iL^iiii,  siijii  no  real  n.ime,  and  scud 
liy  some  of  our  fiii'iids  who  are  eomiiii,'  home.  We 
want  you  to  write  us  how  ilw  news  was  received 
tlieie.  We  receive  ureal  eni:ouranement  from  all 
quarters.  I  hope  theie  will  bi-  no  gelling  weak  in 
the  knees.  I  w.is  |ti  Millniiore  yesterday.  Pet.  h.is 
not  yot  there  vet       Don't  lose  youi  nerve. 

"  Nil.  Fi\i  ." 
0    H. 

'I'li.U  this  (lelirioits  iiit  of  treasonalilo  rnrro- 
siiondciice  w.is  sent  to  Jnhn  .\  I'.iyiu-  tluTo  is 
liille  or  no  dual)!,  l^'roin  it  wc  .ilso  Umi'ii  that 
"  I'et."  WIS  lolin  Wilkes  liootli ;  "  Red  Shoes,'' 
W'niid,  ali.is  Lewis  I'.iyiie,  ,md  "  ( )ld  (!rniik," 
.\t/eii)tli.  The  letter  was  evidently  written 
early  on  the  inuniinL;  after  the  .issassination, 
.md  pi. teed  in  the  liaiuls  fif  No.  2,  to  convey 
to  I'.iyne.  It  turther  shows  that  there  was  a 
nieetinj^'of  the  lirotherhood  of  the  llliie  (laiint- 
jet  on  the  very  nij^ht  of  the  assassination  ;  or, 
if  not  of  them  as  a  cami),  of  some  of  them  as 
a  hand  of  (-onspirators. 

("lener.il  Sherman's  rhaiine  of  route  throw 
I'ayne  out  in  his  calculations.  The  ordinary 
route  from  Raleigh,  where  (ien.  Sherniin's 
liearli|iiarters  were  at  the  time,  to  Washiiii^ton, 
was  by  rail  via  (loldsborotigh  and  New  Hern 
to  Moorhead  ("ity.  thence  hy  steatner  to  W'asli- 
ington.  There  is  im  dotiht,  as  Mr.  Denet 
sttj;gests,  that  I'.ivne  was  on  the  witt  h  at 
Moorl'icad  Cjty,  hut  leaniino  that  Sherm.iii 
had  i;one  to  \\',ishinii;ton  via  \\'ilmin;4toii,  ,iiid 
hearinif,  as  he  could  not  I'.iil  to  hear,  the  result 


of  the  .tss.issination,  he  lost   he. in,  rid   himself 
of  every  thiiij;  of  a  siispii  imis  n.iHire,  .iiul  lied. 

We  will  iiroli.ilily  strike  his  tr.ill  .in.iin  luforc 
our  narrative  I  loses.  'The  followini;  letter, 
dated  .it  Kuff.ilo.  .N".  \'..  is  id  no  liiil,-  interest, 
iiec.utse  it  s'erifies  in  a  tlei^ree  wli.il  li.is  .ilre.idy 
been  stated. 

'•  Hn  1  \io,  N.  Y.,  .\pill  |S,  isd;, 
"Hon.  \\.  .M.  Si  wj.is.  Secret, iry  oi  W.ir.  Wa-li 
in^'oii,  I).  ('.'.--My  Dear  Sir  :  —  Miisiness  h.is 
I  .illed  me  to  Toroiito,  ('.  W.,  several  limes  within 
the  [i.ist  two  moiillis  ;  .md  while  iheie.  I  hive  ^eeii 
ami  heard  smue  thlnjjs  which  m.iv  be  of  m'ivmc  to 
the  government, 

'.Mioiit  hve  weeks  .1^0,  I  saw  at  I  hi  ( jiu  en's  II  old. 
Toronto,  a  letter  willteii  by  the  Kile  loliii  V.  Hr.ile, 
just  previous  to  his  execution,  which,  after  spe.ikiiii; 
of  his  mock  trial,  imjiisl  sentence,  the  iiidicial  iiiiir 
der  tli  "t  W.IS  to  be  perpetrated  bv  his  exeiiillon,  dr., 
called  upon  l.ii'ob  Tliompson  to  vliiilic.ilc  his  ch.i|. 
acter  before  his  rountrymen  of  ihe  South,  and  i\. 
pressed  his  liellef  tli.it  Ills  death  would  bespeedi'v 
and  terribly  aveimed.  The  leltei  llself  w.is  .1  I- 
dressed  lo  ('olmiel  I,  Thompson,  ( 'onfidir.ili  ' '0111 
niissinni'i  .11  Toioulo,  bin  ihe  siiper^-ci  Iplimi  on  ihe 
envelope,  which  w.is  in  .1  dlllneiil  haiidwi  iiiiiu  ii.id 
simpiv,  [.  Thoiiipson,  Toroiil.i,  ('.iiiad.i.  ("his  cir- 
ciinislance  c.iused  It  to  be  delivered  lo  .1  Mi.  rhmnp. 
son  for  whom  It  w.is  iml  liiiended.  I  w.is  peinillled 
lo  pi'iusr.  bill  mil  lo  copv,  the  lellri  1  w.is  in 
formed,  at  lli.il  lime,  that  the  friends  of  lie.ilc  weie 
b.indid  lo.i^elher  for  the  double  put  pose  of  .iveiit;iiiu 
his  death,  and  aiiliii>;  the  rebel  liovei  iimeiit,  1 
li.ive  heard  the  same  sl.ileinenl  repeated  111. my  times 
since,  and  hive  been  fieipieiillv  told  bv  clll/.eiis  of 
'I'oionto  that  some  (jreal  mischief  w.is  lieliiy  plotted 
by  lefiijici  in  f'an.ida.  I'm  iiion'  th.iii  a  moiilh 
(ieneral  l)i\'s  name  w.is  iiHUlioned  in  my  heariii); 
in  connection  with  llie  ihie.ili  md  venue. nice,  ke 
},'ardin^j  all  such  siorli's  as  idle  tales,  I  never  repi'aled 
lliem.  Last  I'riday  evenimf.  while  sililnn  in  Ihe 
olh  e  of  the  (Queen's  Hotel,  I  ovnlieard  a  coiivcrsa 
lion  between  some  persons  sitlint;  near  me.  which 
convinced  me  ih.ii  llie  plot  to  miinlei  the  I'lcsidcnl 
was  known  to  them.  The  p.irtv  w.is  moiii  iiliii,' over 
the  late  rebel  reverses,  commeiillnn  upon  the  execu- 
tion of  Heale,  the  extradition  of  Hiieley,  et(.,aiiil 
then  llw'V  cheered  themselves  after  this  fashion 
"  We'll  make  the  damiu'd  V.mkees  howl  vel." 
"  I-tovs,  I'll  liei  ihat  we'll  j,'c|  belter  news  In  forty- 
eiijht  hours."  "  We'll  have  somethiii:^  from  Wash- 
iiiijton  th.it  will  make  people  stare."  Their  words 
at  the  time  seemed  to  me  to  be  simply  vulval  and 
prof.ine.  and  implyiiii;  idle  threats  wliicli  could 
never  be  eMcmiMl.  The  next  mornlni;  iS.ilnidav. 
.April  151,  when  I  heard  of  the  assassination,  I  could 


f.i 

Vi 


M 


» 


Il8 


,■/     M'r/'A'.WA'    ,)/      ////.;    s/.    /..I  irK/.Vi  /     A7/  /.A'. 


lint  liil|,  fccliMU  (li.il  ilic  p.iily  wriu  iiuiilic-:ilt'(i  ill 
'lif  ■!■  I-  Oil  Salunlav ,  I  iiici  luci  (it  ihciu  iii  cwiii- 
|j.in>  wilh  Ik'ii  Vouiii;,  and  one  di  nvn  uiluis  ,,t  ihc 
Si.  ,\lh.iii>A  i.ihlrts.  ill  llic  li.ir-r.inm  al  Ihi  (  )i  ,  en  •- 
<)iic  >aii|,  "Gd.hI  iu'u-.  foi  11-  ihis  iiioiniii;;,"  aii.l 
anoilici.  ■■  Damn  ulII  cJ.miu,  Ijui  uui  cMniiyli  of  it." 
KaiMiig  tlioii-  glasses,  one  saiil,  •'  llcn-s  lu  AiuK 
lolinsoirs  iiirii  iiiAt,  to  wliicli  aiuitlici  rf-[H)iuU'il. 
"  Vcs.  dAmw  lii-.  sciiil."  Oil  iilaliiii:  llii^  Mhinii- 
stanr,-  lo  lion.  i;.  ij.  S[iauMin-  .iiul  inlici-.  tlicv 
well'  of  llic  o|Miiion  tliat  I  slioiiM  cniiiinimii;aii>  lln'iii 
lo  voiii  l)r|)aitiiifiit.  l"oi  my  own  pan,  1  In-  to 
refer  lo  lion.  Ira  Ilariis.  of  the  Scnalf,  ami  11. m. 
Joliii  .\,  (iiisuoM.  of  ihf  House." 
"  1  am.  my  dear  sii,  verv  trnlv  voiiis, 

(1.   ('.■■ 

Mr  r.  is  a  rospectalile  lawvei  in  tin--  iitv.  and  liis 
si.iirmeni-  are  entitled  lo  credil. 

i:   (.,  S 
Hi  I  I  \|o,  N.   V. 

The  leitef  siic.iks  t'oi'  itsilt'.  .unl  lU'ecK  no 
I  nmnu'iU.  'I'lu-  (inly  <  rili(  i-m  to  oITit  i-  imi 
iipdii  thf  Icttrr,  hill  iiikiii  iIk.-  writer.  \\m] 
he  hk't'ii  |iiiss(.'Nseil  ol  the  shreudiu-s-^  ul;iili 
llu-  :uer.iL;e  l.iuyer  ()iiL;lit  tn  ]nissc->s,  lie  would 
li.i\e  written  to  the  War  I  )(]i,irtliient  liuii; 
liefiiie.  Written  :ii  the  time  it  was,  it  oiilv 
showed  how  ^reat  w.i-,  the  l.n  k  ol  delectixe 
ability  which  e\ery  ,L;reat  lawyer  ])o>^e.-se^  in 
some  dei^rce.  In  the  wtiter.  it  only  verified 
the  old  ad.iL;e  aliout  "  lo(;i<ini;  the  stalile  alter 
tile  horse  is  stolen. " 

I'he  ne.vt  letter  in  evidem  e  thrown  .i  ray  of 
li^ht   on    the  tr.iil  ol"   Jolin    Harrison   Siirr.itl, 
•ind    aNo.    from    the  descri|)lion,   id"    joliii   A. 
I'lMie.      It  i>  from  one  (if  the  m.iny  detective- 
uhiih   Were   sent    into  (.!anad,i   on   a   hunt   for 
tie-    esciped    ( unspir.itors.        It     i-    d.iled    al 
Moiilre.il     on     the    J7th    (d    .\|.iil.       Its    :;ie.it 
len,;^th  prei  hides    its    insertion    in    full,  liiit  we 
z'wi-  the  s.ilient  jiortion-;  tho-e  rel.itiiiL;  dirertly 
to  the  subject  in    h.itid.      JiM   here,  it  may  be 
well  to  note  tii.it  a  prominent    KiiL^lishman   in 
.Montreal,  who,  iireviou-  to  the  assassin.ition  of 
the  I're-ident,  was    .i  stron.i,'  symp.itlii/er  with 
the  S  )iith,  and    was  well    accjuainted  with   the 
("onfed.jr.lte   .iL^ents    in    ( '.m.ida,   and   fully   in- 
form ,'d   ol    their    plan-    ,ind    movements,   s.iid 
th.it  the  unrdcr  of  the  I're-id.nt  was  too  iniu  h 
for    him:   and    he    told    .Mdirm.m    l.ym.in.  of 
tint  (ilv.   that  the   Soinhern  agents  liad  hcird 
from  the   p.irty  who   murdered   tin.'   I're-ident. 


and  that  they  expected  him  in  .Montreal  wiihin 
lorly-ei-ht  hours;  ,ind  if  noi  the  piiiK  ipal, 
one  (  losely  connected  with  the  assassin.ition. 
This  information  the  ai.;ents  received  on  the 
20th  (d'  .\pril.  'I'iie  re.idiu'  will  be.ir  the  d.ite 
in  mind,  as  he  le.id-  the  e.Mracts  from  the 
delei  live'-  letter: 

■•  MoN  I  Ki:\i  ,  .\pril  27.  i-iU;. 
■  ("ill  oM  I    I..  C.   U  \Ki  k: 

'■  Dear  Sir  —  While  in  liiirlintjlon  (\'l.  1.  I  olitained 
a  udiite  linen  li.iiid kercdiief.  wdiich  w.is  dropped  in 
ihe  \'ermoiil  ("entr.d  Depot,  on  Tlinrsd.iy  eveniiiL; 
,\piil  20,  liy  one  of  three  siranije  men  who  slept  in 
ihe  depot  ,ill  I'liiii-day  niuhl.  These  men  c.iiiie  fioni 
die  -le.iniei  f.in.id.i,  C.ipt.  I'l.ii;^;.  She  was  veiv  lale 
ihal  (  veniiijf.  and  did  not  connert  wilh  the  tr.iin 
n.nih,  lo  .Monire.d,  wim  h  h-.iM-  at  ;  o'clock,  r.  \i. 
riu\  e.iiiie  into  the  depot  lielween  seven  and  .1  half 
aihl  eifilil  o'cdock.  after  llie  tiiylit  uMtchniaii  went  on 
duly.      'I'liey  had  no   lj.iL:i;.i.t!e.       liny   weieall    r.ilher 

I ily  dresse'l,  and  look (il  h:uil.  woiii  out,  and  lireil. 

Mie    w.ilchni.in    a-ked     tlieiil    wliii  h    w.iy    Ihev    weio 
Lioin^:    they    -.lid    ''lo    .MoiilK.il."      When     told    lli.tt 
liie\  iDiild  not  tin  th.it  iiif,'ht,  they  said  lliat  thcv  knew 
il.      lie  .isked  them  if  they  w.inted  a  hotel;  ihey   s.iid 
no.  th.it  they  weie  iioinjr  t,)  st.n   in  the  depot.     They 
did  not   sei.'in    to  h.ive  much   to  s.iy  or   do  witli  e.n  h 
oilier.      Thev  C'lile.l  up  on  se.ils  in  dill'eient  p.uts  of 
the  room,  and  went  to  slee[i,  and  rem. lined  i(uii  t  all 
nii;hl.       lie-    uMtciiin.in     .iw.iki  iicd     them     ahoiii     4 
o'clock    ill  the  inorninL;  to  t.ike  the  Ir.iiii.  which  ihi  \ 
did.      .\fter  they  left    he  picked    up  two  diily  pocket 
h.indkeicliiefs  wlieie  they  had  slept.      While  looking 
lliein  ovei.  Ill    found  the  11, line  of  [.  II.  >uirall  No.   2. 
on  one   of  them.      |!..  \\u'  w.itclim.ui.  irot  his  iiiotiu  1 
lo  UM-h  the  h.indkrii  hiefs,  and  on  S.itnrd.iv  lu  wi  111 
lo  the  i  il\  .  .iiid  told  the  cii  cu iiisi.ince  of  |in,| i ug  them . 
Delecin,    C.  (',  ^rot  the  li.uiilkeii  hi,  f  noiii   li  .  and   I 
got    11    fiom    him.        l'.iic!o-ed    \ou    will    iind    ic        li. 
-,iid    that   one    of    ilie    iiu  n    w,i-   i.ill   :iiid    die   oiheis 
shoit,      I  le  identilies  the  likeness  of  Sun. ill.  as  In  iiig 
one   of    die    men.       1    then  found   die  coiidiu  lor  who 
1,111  till'  li.iiii  to  I,--,  \   liinction  ih.ii  morning,  and  he 
too,  fully   ideiitiiie  1    Slur, Ill's   likeiii  --  .1-   Im  iiig  one 
of   ihe  men.      I  m  \l   found   '".    T.  llob.irt.  who  inns 
the  ihronuli  ir.iiii  to  St.  .Mhans.  \'rruioni.      lie  y.ive 
a  desciiption  of  two  men  only  who  hoarded  liis  tciiii 
,11    l.--eN     liiiii  lion  on    I'liday  morning,  .\piil    2t..it 
'  ";  o'' loi  k.      One  w,is  a  l,ill   in. in,  liro,id  shouhlers, 
oiherwise   -lim,  straight   .is  ,in  arrow,  did    noi   look 
like  a  laliorer.  tlioiigli  dressed  ralher  iioor;  li.id  on  ,1 
loose  s:ick  coal,  cassimere  shirt,  light  eoloied  panis, 
.iiid  ,1  light   ruling  skull  c.ip.      Hi- hair  w.is  IiI.k  k  as 

jet  .Old  straight:  nolie.ird:  w.is  young    not  re  than 

iwenlv-one  or  Iwenlv  Iwc.      The  oiIk  1     man   wa-   not 
miuli  over  liee    feel,  (hick  set,  ^bnY{    m  (  k    full  f.icc, 


f 


t 


A    ^IlK'.lJiN    I. Ml, 111     l.N     1111.    M.    l.AWKl.NLl., 


1 


lis! 


i 


1 


THI-:   MYSTERY   OF  MAI'LE   ISLAXD. 


131 


I 

1 


sandy   complexion,    sandy   rliin    wlii^ikcrs    and    no 
ollici    hoard.      Ili-  won-   a    snfl    lilack-lclt    liai,  dark- 
colored  Nack  coal,  lii;lil-rolorcd  panls,  and  a  reddish 
colored  llanncl    sliirl       lie  had    Init  litllo    to  s,iy;   let 
the  tall   man  .lo  the   talkiii!;.     They  both   Rot  oil"  the 
train  at  St.  Allians.      He  felt  as  if  they  were  a  pair  of 
assassins,   and    in    speaking    lo  a  friend    about    the 
matter,  he   j,M\e    vent    to    his   suspicions.      He  fiillv 
identilied  Siiir.itts  picture  as  that  of  the  tall  one,  and 
said    that    he  would    know   him    anywhere.      "     *      '■ 
There  is   no  doubt    that  Snrratt    is  in    this    province, 
tofreiher  with  some   otliers,  but  whom  I  cannot   tell, 
laiclosed  I  send  yon  a  likeness  of  one  of  the  P.iynes, 
of  wJKini  there  are  seven  brothers,  :dl  Isenliickians. 
Three  of  theni  are  said  lo  be  in   South  America,  one 
is  in  jail  at  St.  .\lb.ins,  and  the   others   aie   heie  un- 
less yon  have  them  wiili  you.      I'lie  picture  is  marki'il 
on  the  back.     If  of  no  use,  please  send  it  back  to  the 
owner.      I  am  L;oin>;  out  along  that  portion  (if  Canada 
bindeiiiiK  on  M.iiue,  Wrmontand  .\cw  Vork.     M.iny 
rebels  aie  in  there.      Vcuing  Sanndeis  and  others  are 
there  now.      I'orterlield,  a  dangerous  rebel,  is  mak- 
ing |)reparations  to  go  lo  N.ishville;  ought  not  to  be 
.diowed.      Trowbridge,    anotiier.    h.is   gcuie    to    I)e- 
'roit.  "  Respectfulh.  etc., 

It  was  th.it  very  pictitrc  of  "one  of  the 
I'.iynos,"  wliich  fully  fevealcd  the  identity  of 
the  man  Wood,  who  attenijited  tlie  .assassina- 
tion of  Secielary  Seward.  It  was,  in  fact,  liis 
own  i)ortrait  taken  in  .Montreal,  some  time  )ire- 
viotis  to  starting  for  Washinoton  to  report  to 
John  Wilkes  Hootli.  Tiie  ne\l  eomtminiea. 
tion  is  aihlressed  to  Secretary  .Stanton.  It 
was  dated  at  .Montreal  on  the  29th  of  .Ajiril, 
1865.      We  .ippend  an  exlr.irt  or  two  : 

•Hon.  K.  M.  Srwr.iN.   Si'creiary  of  War: 

"Dear  Sir.—  There  is  no  doubt  that  I.  II.  Snr- 
ratt .md  lohn  .\.  P.iyne  were  in  the  city  vesier- 
d.iy,  and  that  they  left  last  night  in  company  with 
Cleineut  C.  Clay  and  others  probalilv  for  Toronto 
I  am  a  private  detective  lieie,  wiiliout  aulhoiitv  to 
.ict  for  your  government.  I  lo.d;ed  the  city  .ivi'r  for 
<;..  one  of  H.d;er's  men.  but  bmnd  that  he  left  for 
the  bonier  townships  ves|erda\-  morning,  so  I  failed 
'"  ■*''<■  '•""  *  *  ■  I  am  not  at  all  certain 
that  they  went  lo  Toronto;  it  is  onlv  niy  opinion, 
riiev  mav  h  tve  gone  to  I'hree  (•iivers.  as  there  are  .1 
great  manv  Southern  refugees  there,  or  lo  Tanner, 
where  ii  is  said  that  John  A.  I'ayne  has  heietofore 
spent  a  great  deal  of  his  time,  together  with  three  of 
hi-  brothers.  "  Respeclfnilv.  etc., 

.Mioiit    thi-    lime   a    letter   was    received  at 
Wasliin-ton,  post-m.irked  Detroit,  hut  written 


at  Tanner,  Canada,  1)y  one  John  P.  H,  Hall, 
of  that  place,  and  directed  :  "  To  Andrew 
Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  or 
other  authority.  "     Its  contents  are  as  follows  : 

"  With  certainly  I  state  loyon  that  John  A.  Payne, 
and  thirteen  others,  are  sw(jrn  to  murder  .Andiew 
Johnson,  r„  M.  Stantcm,  L.  S.  Fisher,  and  others, 
within  thirty  d.ays  from  April  2;,d,  1865.  The  ar- 
rangements are  all  made  and  in  progress  towaid 
execution.  I  do  not  know  where  lohn  A.  Payne  is 
now.  lie  was  at  Montreal  when  this  plot  was  pro- 
jected. His  brother  (whose  name  I  do  not  recollect) 
is  impliialed.  Seven  of  the  plotters  are  at  Washing- 
Ion,  four  at  Bedford,  F'ennsylvania,  and  the  thir- 
teenth is  with  Payne.  These  are  plain  f.acts.  \^^^ 
not  reveal  this,  bnl  arrest  John  A.  Payne  and  his 
brother.  I  send  this  to  Detroit  to  avoid  suspicion. 
'  Yours,  etc.. 

The  Montreal  private  detective  was  right  in 
his  ojiinion,  at  least  so  far  as  Clement  C.  Clay 
was  concerned;  because,  ainonj;  many  other 
names  registered  at  the  (jneen's  Hotel, 
Totrmto,  on  the  evening  of  .\pril  29,  1865, 
was  that  of  C.  C.  Clay.  Whether  Snrratt  and 
Payne  were  in  his  company  remains  to  he- 
seen.  Jacob  rhomi)son  and  Larry  McDonald 
were  already  there. 

So  far,  the  testimony  as  to  the  whereabouts 
of  John  II.  Snrratt  is  fairly  complete.  In  the 
absence  of  direct  and  absolute  proof,  it  may, 
at  all  events,  be  accepted  as  strong  circum- 
stantial evidence.  We  now  jiresent  yet  another 
letter,  written  by  a  colored  man,  which,  though 
.inonymons,  and  as  such  not  entitled  to  take 
rank  as  evidence,  yet  it  harmoni/.es  so  well 
with  wh.tt  has  been  already  learned  that  it 
seems  worthy  of  some  credence.  .\t  all 
events,  it  is  here  given  place,  and  left  to  the 
judgment  of  the  reader. 

The  letter  is  postmarked  "  Xiagara  Falls," 
and  is  dated  "Monday,  May  2nd,  1865," 
and  directed  "  To  the  Secretary  of  War, 
\Vashingion,  D.  C,"     The  writer  says  : 

"I  beg  of  yon  not  to  let  any  one  si'e  this  letter.  I 
dare  not  sign  ii  for  fear  that  iny  name  may  somehow 
come  out.  I  send  yon  mv  name  and  business  on  .i 
separate  paper  so  that  you  may  judge  whether  I 
have  an  opportunity  to  learn  what  I  lell  ymi  He 
snrc  to  ilesirov  it.  I  send  this  to  be  mailed  at 
.Niagara  Falls,  hecans.' a  letter   directed   to  you  and 


t; 


.-/    S(^lT/\/U    O/-    ;■///■:   S/     /.///A'A.WA    A'/;/  A'. 


\ 


ilr(i|.|H(l  into  ilii-.  iMi'.liillnL',  wmikl    In-  hmiI  !■>■   I.ikc 

I  lioiii|>si)ii  lic'liiii'  il  was  sriil  uiu.  If  it  u.is  cvri  strii 
at  all.  What  I  waul  you  In  know  is  ilial  tluic  is  an 
awful  iicst  111  ii'liiK  line  at  lliis  liuu'.  ('I.i\.  Suuali 
an  1  I'lliii  A.  i'ayiu'  mv  \\iiv.  I'licv  raiiu'  Saliinl.iN' 
Willi  a  lol  iif  .illu'is.  Siiriall  and  ('.lync  --kipiitd  cnil 
.asl  iiiiilil  aiiJ    iiiuv   llu'ir    i^   ihc    vciv    lU'vil    In    pay. 

II  si't-ins  ili.u  Siiri.ill  w.is  ilir  irr.i-imr  ol'  smiic 
Siiriclv  lli.il  W.I--  hiu'il  III  iiiuiik'C  i'li-iili  III  l.iuriiln 
and  a  loi  111  iiilu'i-.  and  lliai  I.ikr  I'liiiinp-.oii  Innk 
the  giild  oul  of  llu'  li.mk  liirr  and  paid  il  nvtr  In  liini 
and  I'.iyiiL',  and  lli.il  iluy  wiri;  to  divide  ii  among 
till'  ollicis  :  1)111  tliey  skipped  niii  and  now  iliey  CTii'l 
liiid  liidc  nor  liaii  of  lliein.  I  wonldnl  liko  In  lie  in 
llieii  slioes  if  llie  nan^j  t;cls  lliem.  and  iliey  aie  s;niiin 
ill  piusiiil.  riuy  are  plollini;  now  lo  innidei  .1  lot 
iiinie  in  reveii;;e  for  the  killinji  of  Hnolli,  and  if 
I'.n  ne  and  llie  rest  are  liiiii>{  tliey  say  thai  lliey  will 
bill  II  Washinnlon.  Von  can't  tell  linw  iiiiicli  I  hear, 
and  nf  course  1  don't  hear  il  all,  as  1  am  onlv  in  ihc 
room  when  I  l.ike  liipmr  In  iheiii.  whicli  is  pii'ily 
ofieii  ihonuli,  tnii  nnr  nl  the  Liirls  hears  heaps  and 
tells  me  all  ahniii  ii.  .\nyway,  yon  fnlks  in  W.ish- 
iiiylon  oiijrhl  lo  look  oiil.  I  hope  yon  will  call  li 
and  h.iiin  ivery  one  of  them,  especially  Jake 'riioiiip- 
snn.      I  hale  him.      Thai  is  all   1  can  write  now. 

])Ut  little  more  remains  to  Ije  said,  .iiiil  that 
is  siareelv  more  than  conjecture.  This  tnucli 
is  positively  known.  .\  sharp  lookout  for  J. 
II.  .Siirratt  and  John  .X.  I'ayne,  was  kept  at 
St.  Catliarines.  (.'an.ida.  tor  sometime.  'I'iiat 
city  was  a  great  place  ol  resort  lor  Southern 
rebels,  anionL;  whose  citizens  they  found  a 
welcome,  especially  .uiioiil;  a  certain  class. 
Then,  too,  Col.  iJeverly  Roliinsoii,  of  \'ir- 
ginia,  was  the  projirietor  of  a  fashionable 
hotel  there,  which  became  a  noted  resort  for 
Southerners  ami  Soiitiierii  sympathi/ers,  and 
where  rebellion  ai^ainst  the  (lovernment  of 
the  I'nited  States  was  as  o])enly  discussed  as 
it  ever  was  in  Cliarleston,  South  Carolina, 
where  it  orij^inated.  Hut  the  reliellion  went 
down  with  a  crash  and  so  did  Beverly  Robin- 
son's hotel  business,  to  the  sorrow  of  several 
capitalists  of  St.  Catharines,  whose  only  se- 
curity for  heavy  loans  w.is  a  life  insurance 
policy,  .md  the  "lionali,  sail."  of  Col.  Ile\erly 
Roliinson,  one  of  Viri;ini,i's  F.  V.  V.'s,  on 
neither  of  which  as  late  as  |V„S|,  had  thev 
ever  realized  a  cent.  Whether  the  indebted- 
ness has  since  been  canceled,  this  deponent 
saitli  not. 


r.ul  John  II.  Surr.itt  and  John  A.  I'.iyne 
were  loo  shrewd  to  \  isit  St.  t'ath. nines.  The 
former  made  his  way  to  Three  Rivers,  (Que- 
bec, where  he  was  protei  teil  for  a  time  by 
I-.ither  lloucher,  .1  I'.itholic  piiest.  He  went 
tlieiice  to  Italy,  enlisted  in  the  I'.iiial  Zouaves, 
w.is  exposed  by  another  Papal  soldier  by  the 
ii.ime  of  Ma^sie,  extradited,  tried  .md  ac- 
cpiitted  in  Washington  in  i.'^dS,  and  now  lives 
in  iJaltimore.  .\  man  bearing  the  tlescription 
of  John  A.  I'.nne.  was  seen  in  the  vi(  inil\  of 
Sh.iibot  and  Rideati  hikes.  Out.,  .md  at 
Smith's  l''a!ls  during  the  latter  part  of  .May, 
1S65,  and  shortly  afterward  at  (iananoque, 
where  he  sta\ed  for  a  d.iy  or  two,  ,md  then 
settling  liis  hotel  bill,  in  p.iyment  of  which 
he  olfered  a  gold  |iiece  of  English  coinage, 
he  left,  no  oiii'  kneu-  whither.  Was  it  John 
.\.  I'ayne  who  made  his  appear. ince  .it 
l''isher's  Landing  ?  The  description  ;ind 
the  time  tally  well.  It  may  with  some  show 
of  reason  be  asked:  If  he  wanted  tti  hide 
liimself  effectually  among  the  islands,  why  did 
he  not  choose  some  spot  among  the  myriad 
islands  of  the  Admiralty  group  near  (lanano- 
ipie,  or  in  the  N'a\y  grotiji  below  .'  luideiitly 
he  was  a  shrewd  <il)ser\er.  lie  well  kiuw  that 
the  defrauded  Brotherhood  would  hunt  him 
to  the  death,  hut  he  also  knew  that  they  would 
be  unlikely  to  venture  to  the  American  side 
of  the  St.  Lawrence;  while  they  would  sear<  h 
every  island  in  the  (.'anadian  Channel.  lie 
knew,  too,  that  Baker's  government  (hdeclives, 
would  never  think  of  looking  for  him  on  tlie 
L'nited  States  side  of  the  line.  Besides,  h.ul 
he  loc.ited  in  either  of  the  island  groups  men- 
tioned, the  Admiralty,  for  instance,  his  sup- 
plies would  necessarily  be  livavri  from  ( Ian- 
anoque, a  dangerous  point  for  him  to  visit.  It 
in  the  Navy  group,  it  was  not  easy  to  procure 
needed  siiiiplies,  without  travelling  some  dist- 
ance. Then,  too,  the  main  rliannels  of  steam- 
boat travel  at  that  time,  es])ecially  for  the  Can- 
adian steamers,  passed  through   those  groiijis. 

Locating  where  he  did — if  indeed  it  was 
him,  showed  great  shrewdness.  Maple  Island 
is  at  some  distance  from  any  of  the  regular 
line=  of  steamboat  travel,  and  from  anv  of  the 
channels  taken  liy  excursion  steamers,  which, 


1 


i 


1 


Till:    MYSTERY   OF  MAPI.i:   /S/.tXP 


l-\3 


;U  tlial  time,  were  few  and  far  between  ;  and 
while  the  inland  is  l)y  no  means  indden,  lii.it 
fa<'l(it  itseil  was  an  (.'lenient  of  safety;  because 
no  one  would  think  of  searthiny  an  island  so 
open  to  the  \  iew  of  every  one.  That  a  jiarty 
of  the  or  six  men  made  their  api)earance  in 
(lananoiiue  in  the  month  of  August,  1865, 
making  inquiries  about  a  man  who  answeretl 
the  description  of  John  A.  I'avne,  aireadv 
given,  is  a  tact  that  may  i)e  easily  substantiated. 
'I'hey  altirmed  that  they  all  belonged  to  a 
party  of  workmen    who   had    been    emi)loyed 


that  the  fateful  sign  of  the  three  crosses  was 
cut  ujion  ihe  breast  of  the  murdered  lu'rinit. 
'I'hat  of  itself  is  almost  ])ositive  eviileni  e  that 
he  met  his  doom  at  llie  hands  of  the  lirolher- 
hood,  and  that  not  robbery  only,  but  ri'venge, 
was  a  prime  fa(  'or  m  the  assassination. 

Scores  of  instances  can  be  produced  where 
the  lunlies  of  those  who  tell  vi(  lims  to  tlie 
relentless  oaths  of  the  secret  lirotherhoods  of 
the  South  during  the  rebellion  were  marked 
in  like  manner.  Kven  the  "  Ku  Klux  Klaus  " 
of  1866,  'i>7  and  Y)8,  during  the  reconstruction 


"III1I.I-.  iK\cn,"  i;ki..)\\    iaikv   I  \N'n. 


near  Montreal,  and  that  the  man  for  whom 
they  were  looking  drew  the  pay  for  them,  and 
then  ran  aw.iy.  They  had  followed  him  to 
Smith's  Kails,  ami  from  there  could  get  no 
further  trace  of  him. 

There  is  some  significance,  too.  in  the  fact 
that  after  the  burning  of  the  cabin  on  Maple 
Island,  nothing  more  was  seen  of  the  party  of 
supposed  Southerners,  who  had  for  sonu  days 
previous  sojourned  .it  the  Hubbard  and  Walton 
Houses  in  Clayton. 

liul  of  yet  greater  signifu  ante   is  the  f.ut 


period,  left  in  many  instances  the  same  bloody 
sign  u[)on  the  breasts  of  their  murdered 
victims. 

Reader,  the  testimony  is  all  in  ;  whatever 
ma\'  be  its  value  as  evidence,  it  is  wholly  a 
matter  of  record,  accessible  to  those  who  care 
to  investigate,  'ihe  writer  has  sought  far  and 
wide  lor  additimial  jiroofs,  but  tlu'\  <(Uild  not 
be  found  by  him  ;  and  now  the  judgment 
remains  with  you  ;  for  with  this  par,igr;ipii,  lie 
submits  for  your  decision    Tiik  Mvsri;k\  ok 

M.MM.K     lsi,.\Nl). 


OLD   FORT    FRONTEN/VC    AND    MODERN    KINGSTON. 


I^RVORF.  tliaii   two  cotiturios  ,igo,  ilie  .iho- 
l^^l      ri.^iii.il    iluclliTs   alon.n    \hv    River  Si. 
J-.iuTciicc,  and  on   the   islands  wliicli  form  its 
wondrous  arc:lii|)cla,noes,   witnessed    a  (lisjiLiy 
never  before  seen  on  the  inland  waters  of  the 
tjreat   we^tern   continent.      First  came  an  atl- 
vanced  ^uard  of  canoes,  disposed  in  four  lines, 
followed   by  two  large  bateaux,  gay  with  Hags 
and  banners;   then  other  lines  of  canoes  bring- 
ing up   the    rear  —  the    whole   constituting  a 
llotilla    of    1 20    boats,    conveying   a    force   of 
Irench   troops,  400  or   more,  under  the  1  om- 
niand  of  Louis  de  Buade,  Count  de  iMonlenac, 
whose  mission  was  to  establish  the  Inst  military 
post  of  any  note  above   Montreal  at  the  place 
called  i)y  the   Iroquois  "  Katanxpioi,"  which, 
interpreted,  means  :    "  A  land  of  many  lakes;  " 
—  the  Kingston  of  to-day. 

The  flotilla  was  met  by  a  deiiutation  of  the 
oldest  and  most  inlhiential  chiefs  of  the  great 
confederation  of  the  Five  \ations,  who  saluted 
tiie  Admiral,  according  to  the  journal  of  Count 
do  Frontenac,  "  with  evidence  of  much  jov  and 
confidence;"  and  was  by  them  guided  into 
"one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  agreeable 
harbors  in  the  world,  capable  of  holding  100 
of  the  largest  shijis,"  into  which  from  the  north 
flous  the  waters  of  the  Cataraqui,  from  the 
west  and  southwest  those  of  thai  most  beauii- 
ful  of  bays  the  Hay  of  (Juinte,  and  roi  nding 
in  from  the  south  the  waters  of  Fake  Ontario. 
With  bugle-call  and  beat  of  drum,  and  with 
salvos  of  artillery,  banners  waving,  and  all  the 
"  poni]!  and  circumstance  "  of  military  display, 
the  llotilla  landed  on  the  point  now  occuiiied 
by  the  Tete  dii  I'ont  l!arra<  ks.  Two  years 
previous.  M.  de  Conrcelles  had  selected  this 
spot  as  a  suitable  site  for  a  fort,  the  line^  lor 
which,  under  his   dire<  tion,  were  marked  out 


by  M.  de  Talon.  On  July  t.^  167;,,  a  grand 
council,  c()n^isting  ni  ihe  Iro.piois  deiiuiation 
on  (ine  side  and  Count  I'rontenac  and  the 
Ireiuh  ofticerson  the  other,  assembled  at  tlie 
tent  of  the  Admiral.  The  pipe  of  peace 
was  smoked,  and  Carakdiuie,  a  distinguished 
chiel,  opened  the  council  with  a  speech  in 
which  he  e\|iressed  the  utinosi  respei  I  for  the 
Creat  l\uher  Onnontio.  Count  l''ronienac 
an^wered  in  a  speech  expressing  great  pleasure 
at  meeting  his  Indian  children,  and  afler  a 
distribution  ,,f  presents  to  all,  men,  women 
and  children,  the  council  was  broken  up,  only 
to  be  repealed  a  few  days  later  with  another 
still  more  formal  and  elaborate. 

While  the  Count  was  amusing  his  aboriginal 
friends,  wf)rk  on  the  lorl  was  pushed  with  the 
greatest     vigor.       The    ground    was    cleared, 
trenches  dug,  jjalisailes  set,  and   the  keel  of  a 
vessel    laid,    whic  h,    when    completed,   would 
give  him  the  command  of  Lake  Ontario.    The 
command   of   the   fort  was  given    to    M.  de  la 
Salle,    lo    whose     comprehensive    schemes    it 
owed   its  existence.      Charlevoix   exjilains  the 
object    of    its    ere(  tion.       He    savs:    '•  'I'here 
was   formerlv    a   great   trade   here,    especi.illy 
with  the    Iroipiois,  and    it  was  to  entice   them 
to  us,  as  well  as  to  hinder  their  carrying   their 
skins  to  the  Fnglish  and  to  keep  these  savages 
in  awe,  that  the  fort  was  built."      Hut  not  even 
('harlevoix  had  comprehended  the  wider  |il  ins 
of    La   Salle.      Horn   of  a  wealthy    burgher  of 
Rouen.  La  Salle  (  ame  to  Canada  when  twenty- 
two  years  of  aue.  filled  with  Ihe  dream  of  reach- 
ing Chin.i    by  w.ay  of   the  Oli.nva  river.      He 
was  endowed  with  great  firmness  and  jiersevcr- 
aiK  e,  and  was  eager  to  distinguish    himself  in 
the   rank",  of   the  great   discoverers.      Havin" 
read   Joliet's   report    of    the   great    river,    the 


i 


4 


•' 


t 


oi.n  i'(U<  I  /  h'o.x / /:.\.u-  .i.\7>  ,i/"/'/A'\   a7.\v,.s-/v',\-. 


1:7 


Mi^-.l,>M|l|li,      III       t.lkc       |MJSM->SI(lll       (if      llll'       V.l>l 

i\'i;M)n  sui'.tli  (il  the  .urc.il  hikes,  which  i> 
u.itcrcd  hy  its  conlluents,  lierainc  the  iliXMin 
111  his  life  and  tiic  suiiiiiiit  (it  his  ainbitioii. 
I'o  thisciiil,  I'ort  I'loiiicnac  was  the  liisl>te|), 
the  next  was  Niagara.  Iliit  luit  i'ronlenai 
must  first  l)c  euiniileted.  In  1674,  he  secured 
a  L^raiit  of  the  fort,  a  hiri^e  tract  of  the  sur- 
rounding country  and  tiie  adjacent  i-1  ind>. 
The  original  fort  was  enlarged  and  eia  iosed 
with  ramparts  and  bastions  of  stone,  and  con- 
tained, in  addition  to  a  range  of  barracks  and 
officers'  (luarters,  a  well,  a  mill,  a  bakery  ,ind 
a  forge.  Where  now  stands  the  oldest  portion 
of  Kingston,  a  village  of  I'Vencii  colonists  gri'w 
up.  A  village  of  Irocpiois.  and  the  (  h.ipel  and 
I'resbyl^ry  of  the  Recollet  iMiars  were  near  by. 
Here  was  a  little  Kingdom  over  which  I, a 
Sdle  reigned  supreme;  and  had  not 

'■  lbs  v.iiiliiiif;  ^iinliiiidii  o'er  lr:i|icd  ilself." 

he  might  have  made  of  Kingston  a  place  of 
great  imporl.mce,  scarcely  second  to  Montreal, 
liut  to  the  west  and  sonih,  against  the  stid)- 
born  resistance  o(  both  Jesuit  l'"alliers  and 
Canadian  traders,  he  was  deliuinined  to  push 
Ins  way.  liuilding  a  vessel  at  I'"rontenac.  he 
sailed  to  Niagara,  and  there  established  a 
••  i)alisadoed  fort,"  built  ami  launcheil  ,1 
vessel  on  Lake  ICrie,  which  was  lost  with  her 
first  cargo  of  furs,  and  finally  after  encounter- 
mg  and  overcoming  obstacles  that  would  have 
deterred  a  less  determined  man,  he  sailed 
down  the  Father  of  waters  to  the  (lulf  of 
Mexico,  and  finally  perished  through  the 
treacherv  of  .1  follower.  All  this  is  but  a  part 
of  '.he  history  of  the  New  i''ranc(j. 

The  infam  lus  1  )euonville.  who  succeeded 
1,1  Sdle  in  command  of  I'On  I'rontenac.  by 
his  imprisonment  ,uul  transpoitation  to  !•' ranee 
of  si'veral  Iroipiois  chiefs,  where  they  died  in 
confinement  condemned  to  the  galleys,  brou<;ht 
about  a  terrible  retribution,  which  culminated 
in  the  massacre  of  the  innocent  inhabitants  of 
l.achine,  the  desolation  of  the  country  around 
Cataraipii,  and  (he  destruction  of  the  fort, 
which  was  demolished  b\  ihe  Indians.  On 
his  recall  to  the  place,  Count  de  I'ronienac 
found   the    country  devast.ited,   and   smoking 


rinns  in  the  pl.ue  of  prosperous  villages  ;  anil, 
what  was  more  portentous,  ,1  dim  war-cloud 
was  rising  u|iiin  the  horizon  line  between  the 
New  l-'rance  and  the  New  llnghuid,  which 
boded  evil  days  in  the  near  biture.  This 
siHirred  him  t>n  to  rebuild  the  fort,  which  he 
did  at  once. 

liul  despite  hi-,  forebodings,  .1  h:df  (  enlury 
of  traiKpiility  followed,  and  so  little  did  the 
country  jirogress,  th.it  after  Count  I'ronten.ic's 
death  in  169.S,  the  fort  and  settlement  at 
Cat,irai|ui  were  almost  completeh'  lost  sight  of, 
and  yet  his  fears  were  prophetic  :  for  Franc  e 
was  soon  to  lose  her  possessions  in  the  New 
\'.'orld,  and  after  (Quebec,  I'ort  P'rontenac  was 
to  feel  the  force  of  the  blow,  directetl  by  (ien. 
James  Abercrombie.  and  delivered  by  Col. 
John  ISr.ulstreet  (jn  .August  25,  ij^S. 

The  garrison  of  the  fort  had  been  wiihdr.iwn 
lo  protect  another  point,  leaving  only  seventy 
men    under   the  command  of  a  gallan;   oflicer, 
.M.  lie    Ndy.iii.      liradstreet    erei  ted   .1  b.ittery 
where  the  m.irket-place  now  is,  jml  soon  com- 
Jielled  the  garrison  to  capitulate,  but   on  siu  h 
terms   as    br.ive    men   are   enlitled    to.      W'h.ii 
was  ol  yet  greater  importance  lo  the   Fiiglish, 
the  surrender  of  the  fort  induded  the  French 
navy  on    Lake   Onl.irio,  consisting  of   tuentv- 
two   vessels,   eighty   pieces  of   artillery,  and  .1 
large  (pi, unity  of  small  arms  and  ammunition. 
In  the  beginning  of  the  Kingston  <if  lo-d,iy, 
traces  of  the  old  fort  and  of  th     breast-works 
erected   by   Col.    I'.radstreet    were    visible  for 
many  years.      In  fac  t  a  b.istion  of  the  old  fort 
IS  yet  traceable  on  the  jiarade  of  the  Tete  dii 
Font  IJarracks.      I'or  many  years  a  few  I'leiK  h 
and    Indian    f.imilies   loitered    in   the  vicinity, 
but  it  was  not  until   the  coming  ol    the    U.  K. 
Loyalists  at  the  close  of  the  W'.ir  of  the  Revo- 
lution,   that    the    place    sprang    into    notice. 
During   that   war,  all   the    military  and    naval 
operations  were  transferred  to  Carlton  Island, 
in  the  south  channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river, 
where,  in    177S.  a  strong  fort  was  erected   by 
order  of  C,en.  .Sir  Frederick  II  ildimand,  after 
whom  il  was  named. 

The  first  little  band  of  loyalist  refugees  were 
guided  to  this  point  by  Captain  C.rass,  who 
had  once  been  a  jirisoner  in  Fort    Frontenac. 


I2S 


/  .-'Oi  r/:\in'  oi-    rill    s r.  i..}\\  i<i\u-   av/va-. 


f 


('(•iiiiiij;  from  N\.u  Wnk  by  w,(\  mI  \\w  St. 
I.nvifiK  (.■.  tlicy  Irft  liicii  r.iiiiilic^  ,11  Sold,  ic- 
liiiniiiL;  tluir  III  uiiiUT.  aiiil  m  ilic  ■'|irin,n  lonU 
ii|i  tlicir  ,:;iMnts  ,it  Catar.Kiui,  ciiik'  up  the  river 
with  their  f.iiuilics  in  liatciiix,  .iiid  takm-  pu,- 
scssiou,  A  sciDinl  li, 111(1  (it  '■  I'll-iiiii  l''ath(_'i>," 
S(.>(.-kii),n  a  saiK  til  iry  ii(.'(aiisc  ol  ii(.'rsc(  iitidii. 
ami  liiundin-  ai  diux'  a  nation  and  a  partv. 

As  in  all  new  settlements,  lor  inaiiv  \iMr-, 
lite  was  exceediiiL^lv  priiiiiii\e;  a  mortar  and 
peslle  was  their  mill,  and  not  iinl  reipu  ntlv 
was  .1  larin  sai  ril'K  ed  in  order  to  li\e.  So 
j^reat  liecame  the  need-,  of  the  inlant  settlement 
that  17SS  was  lon^;  rcmemhered  a^  the  "  lainine 
vcar,"  because  of  the  terrible  drouth,  which 
almost  entirely  destroyed  the  (Tops,  ,ind  re- 
duced the  people  to  the  ver-e  of  st.irv.iti'm. 
With  all  its  drawbacks,  Kin-Moii  became  a 
place  ol  C(jnse(iiience  ;  trade  im  reased,  the 
buildiilj;  of  a  i;rist-imll  on  the  Cataraipii  river 
was  a  m.Uerial  help,  exports  of  h(jme-r,ii-,cd 
luddiicts  increased,  the  settlers  be-an  to  re- 
pl.ice  their  !iome-m  id,-  labrics  with  (lollies  of 
forei-n  maniitai  lure,  shops  iiK  re,ised,  >o  that 
what  i>  now  known  as  {'riiK  ess  street,  the 
|uin(ipil  street  of  the  city,  w,is  then  c, tiled 
"  Store  street." 

It  w.is  not  until  iSij,  however,  that  Kings- 
ton (  .mie  prominently  into  noti( a- ;  but  ,is  il,-' 
|>rin(  ip.il  C.inadi.m  port  on  Lake  Ont.irio  .md 
at  the  he.id  of  the  .St.  Lawrence  river,  with  ,1 
ma-nilnent  harbor,  and  so  siiu.ited  th.it  it 
bc(  ,ime  an  e.isy  pnsi  of  obserwition  on  Sa(  kets 
ILirbor,  w\  important  post  of  ihe  rnited 
States,  it  could  not  Ik.-  nenle(  led  ;  but  on  the 
contrary  it  spr.m^  into  import, mce  ,it  ,1  bound, 
A  government  ilock  v.ird  o((  iipied  the  j^roimds 
where  the  Kov.il  ,Milii,try  Colle-e  buildm-s 
stand,  while  the  b,iy  between  that  ,ind  the 
slope  of  tlie  present  j-'ort  Henry,  w,is  the 
mooriui;  -round  for  vessels  of  w.ir.  During 
this  u-.ir,  the  ori,L;in,il  lort  lleiirv  w,is  be^un. 
a  series  of  block  houses  were  ere(  ted,  wlii(  h, 
connected  by  loni;  stcx  k,ides,  were  deemed 
suffi(  lent  for  the  defense  of  the  (  itv.  L.iter  .1 
'  haiii  of  m.issive  .M.irtello  towers  ,ind  stone 
w,ills  took  the  place  of  the  lot;  block  hous(  s 
and  stock.ides,  d'he  t,dl  towers,  with  their 
coni(  ,il    red   (  .ips,  look    well    as    we   .ippro.u  h 


Kingston  li\  sle,imei,  u  hil(-  the  modem  lort 
lleiHv,  winch  w,H  noiere(led  imiil  more  tli,m 
tweiitv  ye, irs  .liter  the  w.ir  (jI  1  ,S  u  13,  |,„,|,., 
ilown  upon  lis  from  tlu'  summit  (j|  tin-  lull  u  Jih 
a  sort  ol  trrim  deli, nice,  more  the  result  o| 
dec, IV  ih.in  of  stren-th.  lort  Lredcric  k,  ,111 
cirth  work  m  Iront  of  the  Milil.iry  Collej^e,  is 
re.illy  .1  stroii-  point  in  the  ileleiises  c)f  Kings- 
ton.     ,\s    U,r    tlu-    list,    they    (an    si.ircelv    be 

e\(elle(l    ,is   a show;    in    which    tluir 

.ureatest  riv.il  on  this  .(pntiiient  is  the  svstein 
ol  liuiilicitions  wlrn  h  defend  the  eiilr.iiK  e  to 
the  11, ly  ol  S.in   ]■  i.im  isco. 

lor  m.iiiy  y(-,irs  Kin-sion  h.is  bcenesp((i- 
.;ll\  emiiu-nt  as  ,111  eibu  ,ili(m,il  point.  In  17.S6. 
I  >r,  SliM'l,  the  lirsi  (  ler-Mii,in  ,ind  tlu-  fust 
'"■■■"■l"'!-  Ill  Ipper  Cm, Ida  (-st.ibiished  a 
"(ir,iiiim,ii  S(hool,"and  in  i,Sos  ihe  schools 
ol  Kin-ston  |i,id  .lit, lined  siu  li  promineiKi' 
th,ii  ko(  hefoiici'ild  (K-eiiied  them  \Mirih\-  of  a 
somewh.it  extended  iiolKc  in  his  memoirs.  In 
r.S-io  the  I'niversity  of  (^(uec-n's  ( 'olb--,-  w.is 
loumled.  .111(1  its  ■growth  li.is  been  tint  of 
(".111,1(1,1,  ,111(1  ils  re(  o'-d  (,f  Work  done,  .1  noble 
one.       lis  hopt-s  for  tlu-  liiiure  .iic  liiij;ht. 

The  Kov.il  .\Iilil,iiy  College,  tin-  "  W.-sj 
Point  of  Cm, id, I,"  is  Ire. lied  at  leii-th  in  ,m- 
"'hir  (h,ipler:  bul,  in  addition  lo  (^)m-en's 
Lniversiiy,  wiili  its  1  )(-p,iri  iiuiil  -  (rf  Arts, 
Sciem  e.  L.nv  .md  hivmiiv.  there  .na-  the 
Women's  M,-,|i,  ,il  Colje-e.  .md  the  Koy.il 
('olle,i;e  of  I'hvsiciaiis  and  Siir,^eons.  both  of 
wliK  h  in  .iflili.iled  to  ihe  (Jiiecii's  I'liiversitv. 
The  ('olh-L;i,ile  Institute  ((insists  of  ilu-  two 
older  IIi_L;h  Schools,  amoiiL;  whose  -r,i(ln.iles 
h.ivc  been  Premiers  of  the  ProMiue  .iml  of 
the  I  )oinmi(iii. 

Kinnsion  at  one  time  n.irrowlv  escaped  be- 
lli- the  I  ,i|iil.il  ol  I'pper  Caiiad.i.  In  f,u  t  it 
u.is  here  that  Lieut. -( ;ov(-rnor  Smuoe  w.is 
sworii  Into  ollice,  in  .111  old  wooden  (  hurcli 
wlii(  h  fronled  the  111,11  ket  phue,— his  fusl 
Cibiiu-t  chosen  and  writs  issm-d  to  ((invene 
the  Le.i;isl,itiire  The  new  Le-isl,iiiire  met 
OIK  e  at  Ni,iu;.ir,i,  ,md  then  ,idjoiirne(l  to  \'ork, 
now  Toronto,  which  pi, ice.  ,is  a  matter  of 
I.K  I,  had  been  ,ilr(-,i(!v  dec  idcd  upon  as  tlu- 
future  (  ,ipii.il  of  ill,-  Lpper  ProMiK a-.  Tlu 
"  (_)ld   lioroiigh  "  of    \i..,L;.ir,i  h,is  .ilw.ivs    been 


Ill 


l|  ! 


r 


iU.n  loKi  I  i<iK\ I i.x.ic  .i.\i>  ,U''/'/;a'.\  k/xiisiax. 


•31 


excessively  imtiul  <\\  ilu  l.u  l  that  it  was  lor  a 
tiiiU'  tlic  I  ajiital  i){  I'l'iicr  ('aiiada;  hut  as  Ijc- 
Iwccii  it  ami  Kiiifistdii,  liimors  arc  faiily 
iMsy.  ill  1^.(0  .(  |,  linuL'vcr,  Kingston  \ir- 
<  anil'  the  scat  iil'  gi)\  cniiiH'iU  of  llie  I'uitrd 
i'ro\  iiKi's,  until  its  reinov.il  to  Ottawa. 

Hark  1)1'  Kini;stnii  i^  a  ino^l  im|irnMii^in^ 
rL'L;i()ii  ol'(:oiinlr\  so  far  as  looks  is  (  om  crniil, 
thouijii  riili  ill  minerals,  <  hiclly  iron,  lead  and 
pliospliates,  which  the  Kinnslnn  and  I'cm- 
lirokf  Railway  has  o|ieiied  up  and  made 
irilnilary  to  Kinj^ston,  thereby  increasing 
the  |iro->|ierii\'  <jf  the  jilac  i'  more  than  any 
other  road  has  done;  and  ulic-ne\er  all  this 
rich  mineral  (oiiiitr)  is  fiillv  iU'\  elo|ied, 
Kin.L;ston  will  become  a  city  of  far  greater 
im|iortance  than  the  most  sanguine  of  her 
citi/ens  have  yet  dreamed  of 

Among  the  latest  impiov  enients  in  King- 
ston, is  the  I'.lcctric  Street  Kailwa\,  than 
which  no  other  city  (an  boast  a  betti'r.  Com- 
jiact  anil  coni|)lete,  willi  a  servi(  e  in  every 
wa\'  satisfactoi  \ .  with  elegantlv  ei|ui|i|ied  c  .irs 
suiijilied  with  the  very  latest  electrical  a|]|ili- 
ances,  liiiely  l'iirni-.hed,  heated  and  lighted  b)' 
ele(tiicity  in  the  winter  and  furnished  with 
elegant  observation  cars  in  stimnic  r,  it  is  one 
of  Kingston's  most  enjoyable  attrai  tions. 

l''orming  a  belt  line,  wliic  h  coniiileteh'  en- 
circles the  <ily,  it  braiK  he.-  out  to  the  out- 
lying town  of  I'ortsiniiuih,  to  the  Kingston 
I'cnilentiarv,  to  Roekwood  insane  .\->\iuiii. 
aiicl  to  the  beautiful  and  |io]iular  grouiiils  of 
i.ake  (  )nlario  I'ark,  whose  shaded  shores 
sloping  away  to  the  lake,  al'ford  an  enclianl- 
iiig  view  of  ()ld  ()iilario  and  the  ri\er  St. 
Lawrence,  interspersc'd  with  island  gems,  a 
scene  of  surpassing  lo\eliness.  A  si'parate 
bram  h  of  the  road  nin>  to  the  historic  t'ala- 
raipii  Cemetery,  the  chosen  resting  place  of 
many  of  ('anada's  cherished  dead  ;  nuMi 
prominent  in  her  affairs,  who  made  her  his- 
tory gloriiMis,  whose  memories  will  ever 
remain  green  in  the  hearts  and  homes  of  her 
people,  and  to  whose  tombs  a  \  isit  is  but  a 
brief  pilgrimage, —  of  |)atriotism  to  the  (  iti/eii, 
of  admiration  and  respeit.  to  the  visitor;  be- 
cause true  greatness  and  wiuth  have  no 
nalionalitv. 


Starting  at  the  foot  of  iJroi  k  street,  near 
the  landing  of  the  steamers  of  the  I  liousaiid 
Uland  and  St.  I ..iwreiici.'  River  Steamboat 
Coiiip, lilies,  the  l^lei  trii  lleb  Line  runs  along 
Ontario  street,  p. 1st  the  I'own  II. dl  .iiid  City 
iJiiildings,  the  Kingston  and  Pembroke  Rail- 
way Station,  the  Hotel  lM(Uitcna(  and  the 
statiiui  of  the  (Irand  'rriink  Railw,i\-,  up 
William  street  to  Kirg.  and  thence  along 
King,  the  street  of  residences,  pa^l  many  of 
the  luiest  homes  of  Kingston's  citi/ens,  jiast 
the  great  buildings  of  the  Merch.int's  Hank, 
and  of  the  I'.ank  of  Montreal,  along  the  south- 
ern edge  of  the  ('it\  I'ark  to  .McDonald 
I'ark  with  its  i'ormidaljle  guns  ,ind  .Muriiey 
'i'ower  I' orl. 

Here  the  line  turns  to  the  right  on  liarrie 
street  and  nins.iloug  the  west  side  ol  theCiis 
I'ark,  beneath  a  m.ignilicent  ,iri  h  of  gr.nid  old 
elms,  a  be.uitiful  .i\eliiie  graced  with  m.iiiy 
elegant  homes.  rurning  on  I'nion  street 
(Dines  the  (■ri(  ket  Meld,  the  sporting  grounds 
of  Kingston's  athlet(  s  :  and  iiest  the  ('ouii 
House  and  County  i'rison.both  l.irge  ,ind  im- 
posing structures.  \e\l  we  have  views  of  the 
Cioveinmeiit  Drill  Shed,  the  Skating  and  (  url- 
iiig  Rinks,  the  (Jiiecn's  College,  the  Infant's 
IloiiU',  the  Kingston  ('ily  Hospital,  indsever.il 
be.iuliful  conntrv  resideiK  e^  belonging  to 
i'",nglish  families,  suirouuded  bv  I'leg.int 
grounds  ,iiid  exteii-^ive  lauii^,  and  tluii  we 
.irrivc  al  the  juiu  licui  at  the  ( urner  of  Alfred 
and  Cnioii  streets.  I'lmn  ihis  |ioint  we  may 
continue  out  Cliioii  street,  visiting  the  I'eiii- 
teiitiarv,  l'(Utsmoutli,  the  Insane  Asvhini,  (U' 
I.ake  ()nt.iiio  I'.irk,  above  refeiiiil  to.  To 
ins]n(  t  the  I'eniteiitiarv  (U  Roekwood  Asylum, 
permission  may  be  obtained  on  .application  to 
the  u  .irdeii,  ,111(1  visitors  will  lind  both  verv 
interesting. 

'I'o  make  lliis  side  trip,  we  change  cars  at 
Alfred  street.  Returning  to  that  point,  wi> 
again  cli.mge  to  the  llelt  Line,  and  ))roceed  to 
swing  around  the  grand  cir(  le.  I'irsf  come 
the  buildings  and  grounds  of  \'ictori.i  !-W  hool 
and  the  Collegiate  Institute,  and  .ibo  X'ictoria 
P.irk,  and  the  next  turn  brings  us  to  the  junc- 
tion on  Princess  street,  the  business  and  <  om- 
nier(  iai  street  oi  the  city,  gorgeous  in  displ.iy 


132 


.-/  S(>fr/:.\7U  (If    rill   ,s/.  i..\\\i<i:sci_   i<i\ii<. 


and  .1  vciitablr  hive  of  trade  and  irallii.  At 
till'  jiincliun  on  l'rin(■c^s  stiret,  wo  nia\' (  lian,L;i,- 
cars  for  ("ataraniii  Cemetery,  and  in  a  lew 
minutes  vx(  lianL;e  the  hnsy  linni  of  the  ciiv 
tor  a  scene  of  rural  qniet.  Continuing;  dou  n 
I'riiK  e->s  street,  lio\ve\er,  in  addition  to  the 
i;reat  mercantile  houses  (jf  lliecitv,  we  seethe 
imjjosinL;  buildings  of  the  Vomij;  Men\  Chris- 
tian Association,  St.  Andrew's  Chun  h,  Kings- 
ton Business  College,  the  ()[)era  House,  and 
])ass  within  a  block  of  the  <;reat  Catholic 
Cathedral.  'I'tirniiii,'  .i^ain  lr(ini  I'riiu  ess  to 
King,  and  from  King  to  l>ro(  k,  we  pass  down 
lirock,  jiast  the  Market  Siiuare,  liasing  swinig 
around  tlie  entire  cir(  le  in  forty  minutes  -■ 
that  is  to  say,  the  iielt  Line  |)ro]ier,  lea\iim 
the  branch  excursions  out  of  the  c|uestion. 
In  that  time  w  have  seen  the  largest  part 
anil  the  most  interesting  objects  of  interest  in 
this  old  hi  loric  city,  exi  ejiting,  of  course,  the 
trips  to  I'ortsinouth.  tiie  I'enitenliarv,  the 
Asylum  and  (  )nlario  I'.irk,  and  to  Catara'pii 
Cemetery.  These  taken,  will  add  lo  the 
time,  but  are  well  worth  the  expenditure  of 
linth  time  and  money.  |)iiring  the  summer 
months,  the  ilelt-Line  cars  run  every  live 
minutes,  reducing  the  time  of  w.iiting  to  a 
minimum.  I'.i.sengers  niav,  if  they  choose. 
reverse  the  order  of  the  trip,  and  suing 
aroimd  the  circle  in  the  opposite  direction. 
Should  such  lie  the  t  ase,  then  must  our  brief 
description  also  be  read  in  r<'verse  order. 
In  an\  case,  we  have   arrivc.'d   at   onr  stanin;. 


pomi,  near  the  steamei  landing,  and  it'  .m  ex- 
cursionist, we  may  go  mi  board  at  our  leisure. 
I'liere  are  feu  liner  views  to  be  had  th.in 
from  the  dec  k  ol  the  I'anpire  State,  as  she 
swings  au.iv  Ironi  her  wharf  on  a  |)leasant 
m.uniii;;  lor  a  riin  down  among  the  'I'housand 
Islands.  'Ihe  sim,  rising  ni  .ill  its  splendor, 
gilds  ihe  higlil.inds  of  Wolfe  Island,  and  lights 
up  the  bro.id  exp.mse  of  l„ike  (  )ntario,  that 
slreli  lies   .iw.u    to  the  uestern    llori/iui,  whiih 

sloops  lo  bathe  iisili  in  Ik  lin-.pid  waters. 
Sinn  oe  ,111.1  Carden  Islands  ,ue  sharply  de- 
Imed,  r.atleaii  Channel  looks  like, i  wide  canal 
(III  through  solid  limesioin';  ,iwav  besoiid  the 
long  bridge  is  the  winding  ( '.iiaraipii,  and 
then  ihe  eye  I'. Itches  the  louerof  ll.ii  rielield 
Churc  h,  .md  sueeps  .ilmig  the  ridge  until  it 
resis  on  I'oii  1  leni\ ,  wiili  the  .Military  Col- 
lege and  lorl  I'rederick  ,it  its  b.ise.  (  )n  the 
oilier  h.md  the  eye  (  al(  lies  the  i  itv  buildings 
in  the  loieground,  .ind  then  spire  and  dome 
and  lower  lollow  in  sik  i  es>ion,  until  the 
buildin-s  of  Kockwood  As\liiiii  appe.il  in  the 
disiam  e.  ,ind  the  beautiful  l!a\  (,tiiinle  i  oylv 
]permils  1  I  harm  to  be  seen,  .iiid  as  (pii<  kl\' 
hides  It  irmn  \ieu.  .Swinging  past  Ced.ir 
Isl.ind  with  its  pi(  turesipie  Martello  tower, 
we  enter  the  broad  i  li.innel  and  speed  aw,i\ 
tloun  the  ri\er,  lea\iiiL;  behind  us  a  scene 
long  to  Ik-  leiiiembered  .md  one  of  the  most 
aneii-nt,  lioiidi.ible  .md  historic  ipf  all  the 
I  ilies  of  ('.inad.i  .1  nr.iiid  I  oiniir\ ,  larger  m 
.ire, I  til. in  the  whole  rnited  Stales. 


r 


^ 


H.  WALTt  R  WEBB. 


So\ii'.  writer  for  a  \ew  N'ork  musp.ipei, 
under  date  of  .\ugiist  i  S.  i  .S94,  lets  himself 
loose  in  the  I'oUowing  st\K': 

"While  Dr.  Chauncey  .\I.  Depew  is  di\iil- 
ing  his  time  in  l'',uroi)(>  between  talking  horse 
and  diplom  icy  with  Lord  Koseberrw  kliine 
wine  and  y.ichls  with  the  Cierm.m  Kaiser  ami 
anar(  hy  .md  politics  with  I'resident  C.isimir- 
I'erier,  of  I'rance,  his  job.  as  the  president  of 
the  New  VorkCenlr.il  R.iilro.nl  .md  aiitliorilv 


i.  beiiij,  held  down  by  a  yonng  man  who  is 
not  so  well  known  ,is  he,  but  who  is  ihouuhl 
b\  men  who  know,  to  be  an  .iltogether  better 
president  of  r.iilro.ids  lli.in  the  talented  Dr. 
Depew.  Dr.  I  )eiieu's  '  sub  '  is  .iboiit  tweiitx- 
fi\e  years  younger  th.in  himself,  .md  he  1  an 
prob.ibh'  outrun  and  oiitbox  liis  superior  .iiid 
do  a  lot  of  things  that  the  dixtor's  stiffened 
ioints  Would  not  possibb  permit  him  to  ,mdi'r- 
t.ike.      lie  is  \(  r\  much  uuieler  ih.in  the  doc- 


on  almost  everything    pertaining    to  r.iilroads,      tor,   and    while    he    in.iv    not    have    ,is    m.mv 


i 


Vi 


i 


■ 


r 


//.   /;.//.  //  ,v  ;; 7. /.■/'. 


I^^; 


fiiriids,  ihii-.r  who  t.ill;  with  liiiii  every  day 
s.iy  tlia'  iic  ( .111  •j,\\r  Ills  (hid  |i(iint-'  in  tlie 
hue  1)1'  '  hiislhii|4.'  Ahhuiigli  hr  was  iKil  ,il- 
inj^i'lliiT  imkiiowii  liiiir  years  .i_:;i),  it  was  mil 
iiiilil  liien  tlial  hi>  L;eniiis  as  a  railroad  inaii.i- 
i;er  l)roiij;hl  him  iiroinmeiitly  before  liie 
|iid)li('.  Mr.  |)e|n'w  wa-'  then,  as  now,  in 
I'airope  liohiioiiliiiiL;  with  liie  liit;  ynns  ()\er 
lliere,  wlnle  ('orneliiis  X'anderiiih.  who  own-, 
most  nl  the  Xew  N'ork  ('enirai  Road  and  who 
liires  Mr.  I)e|ie\v  at  a  lam  \  saiar)-,  was  some- 
where in  Afrira." 

'I'his  ,>ereed  reads  well,  and  desirinLj  to  know 
more  of  this  man  who  ha>|)ro\en  himself  alile 
to '■  hold  down"  the'  i^re  at  Chaiimey's  seat, 
\w  ha\e  taken  some  pains  to  make  imjiiiiies 
aliout  him.  W'c  are  told  that  in  the  spriiii;  of 
l.S(;o  the  directors  of  the  New  Voik  Centr.d 
K.iilro.id  determined  to  make  some  <  hani;es  in 
the  or_n,ini/ ition  — i  h  inL;e"-.  which  involved 
|iromotion  of  some  of  the  abkr  ol'li(  ers  of  the 
road.  Amoiv^  other  thitv^^s  wliii  h  theyxoted 
to  do  w.is  the  I  re.ition  of  a  new  de|i.irlment, 
the  he.nl  of  which  was  to  be  ele(  led  third  \ii  e- 
jire^ident  of  the  s\iti'm,  ami  to  h.ive  supreme 
direction  of  the  Ir.ilfic  of  the  ro.id,  both  pass- 
enger .ind  freii^ht.  lie  was  to  be  held,  in 
short,  rcspon -.ilih'  foi-  thi'  ni.in  i^ement  of  such 
business  .is  was  offered  to  the  ( otnpany.  The 
choice  for  this  responsible  oflice  fell  ii|ion 
II.  W, liter  Webb,  and  onls  a  (vw  weeks  Liter 
this  vonni;  m.m  foiunl  himself  f.ic  e  to  f,ii  e 
with  .1  strike  uhii  li  w. is  more  threiteiiini;  th.m 
.mv  th.il  h  id  oi  ciirred  upon  the  ro, id.  peril, ips 
in  its  existence,  cert. iiid\  since  the  great  strike 
ve.ir  of  1S77. 

■j'wo  ye.irs  liter  \'i(  e- I'ri'sideiit  Webb  w.is 
(  .illed  lo  lace  .niolher  emergem  \  ot'  the  same 
si)rt,  .Mid  these  two  experiemes  fixed  .itteiition 
upon  him. IS  one  of  tliegre.il  railw.iv  man.igers 
ol  the  I'nited  St.ites.  .NKai  who  do  not  knou 
Ma|or  Webb  are  .iskim;  i)ne  another  somethini; 
.ihoiii  his  personality  and  his  intellectii.il 
ipi.ilities,  .IS  the  gener.ilship  he  displ  i\s  not 
only  in  strike  crises,  but  in  those  more  silent 
but  in  some  respects  eqiiilly  desper..te  battles 
which  r.iilroad  1  ompanies  as  ecunpetilius  of 
other  r.iilro.ul  comp.mies  .ire  const. mtly  t'lght- 


i  New  \'ork  M.ijor  Wibb  is  well  known,  but 
eb  .HCie,  .illhoiigh  he  h.is  g.iineil  widere|)Ule, 
there  islitlli'  know  ledge  ol  the  m.iniier  of  man 
he  is.  The  stor\'  of  his  (.ireer  contains  much 
th.il  Is  iiistrm  ti\c'  .iml  interesting. 

.\I.iior  Webb  is  one  of  the  soils  (jI  ihal  dis- 
tinguished politi(  i.ui  aiul  editor  of  the  lime 
when  the  U'hig  li.irty  was  lighting  its  battles, 
('.en.  j.inus  W.itson  Webb.  (Inat  .is  were 
(ien.  Webb's  a«hie\ements  in  the  political 
world,  when  he  came  toold  age  hetook  gre.iter 
pride  in  the  iMoniis..'  which  was  aire, idy  begin- 
ning to  be  fullilled,  of  r.iising  a  family  of  boys 
who  would  giin  distinction,  perhaps,  ecpi.il  to 
til, It  wliii  h  w.is  gained  b\  the  famous  I'ield.  or 
W.ishburn,  or  Wolcott  f.imilies. 

W. liter  Webb,  in  his  youth,  showed  some 
tiste  for  engineering,  and  lie  was  pl.u  ed  in 
the  ('obiinbi,i  College  School  of  .\l  lues,  which 
is  the  s(  ieiitilie  dep,irlinent  of  ih.it  institution, 
and  was  at  the  head  of  his  i  l.iss  some  Iwenty 
\ears  ago.  .\fter  gr,iilu,ition.  howe\er,  \oung 
Webb  felt  some  im  liii  ition  tow.ird  a  <  .ireer  .it 
the  b.ir.  lie  gr.itilied  it  totheexleiU  of  stiidv- 
ing,  being  .idmitted,  and  h.mging  out  his 
shingle  for  a  brief  time.  His  leg.il  ediic.ition 
w.is  of  v.ilue  to  him,  though  only  in  other 
,ichie\enients  tow.inl  whii  h  lie  beg, in  to  diilt 
soon  after  he  ojieiied  his  ollici'.  An  opptutn- 
nity  was  pri'seiited  for  him  to  go  into  the  bank- 
ing ,ind  brokerage  business,  and  for  some  ye.irs 
he  W.IS  busy  in  studying  the  mysteries  of  Wall 
street,  ,iiid  in  learning  the  market  value  of 
the  se(  urities  there  dealt  in. 

.\hnost  im  ideiit.ilK  he  drifted  into  the  r.iil- 
way  business.  His  brotlui,  |)r.  .Seward 
U'ebb,  who  in.nried  one  of  the  d.iiiglUers  of 
Willi, im  II.  \  .imlerbilt,  bei  ,une  interested  in 
ihe  I'.il.ice  Car  ( 'oinp.iny  w  iiii  h  the  N'.mder- 
bilis  controlled,  ,ind  v  hen  Webster  W.igner, 
llie  president  of  tii.U  company,  met  his  sud- 
den death,  having  been  <  rushed  belween  two 
of  his  own  <  ,irs  in  a  railw.iy  collision,  |)r. 
Webb  became  president  of  the  ( omp.uu.  .unl 
invited  his  brother  to  .iccept  .111  oflii  i.d  post 
in  connei  tion  with  it.  W. liter  Webb  had 
not  been  in  the  r.iilw,iy  business  a  month  be- 
fore both  lie  and  his  emploveis  discovered 
th.it    he    h,id    pci  uli,ir    ipi,dilic.iiions    for  this 


I, 


;<' 


nm 


136 


./  Sf)/■l■/^:^7/^:  o/'  riii:  sr.  i..\\\i<i:xci-  ni\-i:R. 


business.  It  seemed  to  t.iscinatf  liim.  He 
was  no  pompons  ot'ticial,  fond  of  sitting  in 
richly  earpeted  rooms  and  issuing  orders  witli 
lieavy  dignity.  He  was  everywliere.  He 
st  idied  the  science  of  railway  car  building; 
lie  skirmished  around  among  the  shop>;  he 
was  not  atVaid  of  dirt,  nor  of  jnitting  on  a 
jumper  and  a  i)air  of  overalls,  if  necessary, 
and  as  ,1  consequence  he  soon  had  not  only 
mistered  those  iluties  he  was  employed  to 
perform,  hut  being  full  of  suggestions  and 
devoted  to  his  avocation,  he  was  rapidly  pro- 
moted. He  served,  while  an  ollicer,  really 
an  apprenticeship,  working  harder  than  any 
other  einjiloye,  never  thinking  about  hours 
or  salary,  but  only  bent  on  le.irning  the 
business. 

In  the  railway  business  such  a  i)erson  moves 
rapidly  toward  the  top.  The  history  of  rail- 
way corporations  in  the  United  .St.ites  fur- 
nishes many  sui  h  instances.  Social  inlbience, 
liolitical  pulls,  as  they  are  called,  family  pres- 
tige, count  for  nothing  in  the  de\elopnient  of 
r.iilway  men.  N'othing  but  fidelity  and  capa- 
city have  .my  inlbience  with  directors  in  the 
selei  lion  of  executi\e  otiicers.  .Vny  other 
course  would  be  perilous. 

Therefore,  when  the  time  came  tor  this  cor- 
poration, one  of  the  gre.ite^t  in  the  world  in 
railway  management,  to  place  a  comi)etent 
man  at  the  head  of  its  traffic  business,  .Major 
Webb  was  selectetl,  and  so  thoroughly  has  he 
justitied  ih.it  choice  thai  at  the  time  when 
President  Chauncey  .\l.  I  )ei)ew  w, is  consider- 
ing the  invitation  of  President  Harrison  to 
beiome  the  successor  of  Mr.  Blaine,  as  Sec  re- 
tary  of  .State,  it  was  understood  in  railway 
circ  les  th.il  M.ijor  Webb  would  be  c  hosen  pre- 
sident of  the  New  York  Centr.il,  in  case  Depew 
resigned  that  office. 

Chief  among  Major  Webb's  ipialifications 
for  this  work  is  his  devoi.'i  10  luisiness.  His 
college  training  as  an  engn.eer  h.is  served  him 
well,  and  his  legal  knowleilge  has  been  of  great 
value  to  him  in  the  two  great  emergencies 
wliich  he  was  c  ailed  of  a  sudden  to  face,  when 
many  of  the  eniployi'-s  of  the  road  went  out  cm 
strike.  He  lives  not  five  minutes'  walk  from 
his  office,  and  he    is  frequently  there  as  earl) 


as  7  o'c:lc)ck  in  the  morning.  In  the  summer, 
when  he  is  at  his  country  place,  he  takes  the 
first  train  into  the  city,  while  the  b.mkers  and 
brokers  and  iirofessioii.il  men  who  li\e  near 
him,  do  not  follow  until  twoor  three  hours  later. 
I  le  r.irely  leaves  his  cjftice  before  6  o'clock,  and 
sometimes  is  there  until  l.ite  at  night.  His 
office  is  a  pl.ice  of  (omforl,  but  not  of  lux- 
ury. Majcjr  Webb  is  democratic  in  his  rela- 
tions with  men,  and  none  of  the  red  tape 
which  prev.iils  in  some  of  thegre.it  corpora- 
tion oltices  annoys  xisitors  who  desire  to  see 
him.  If  a  deleg.ilion  from  the  eiigini'ers  or 
switchmen,  or  from  any  ot  the  other  emjiloyes 
c  all.  Major  Webb  receives  them  in  a  manner 
which  does  not  lower  their  self-respec:t.  There 
is  neither  condescension  nor  liaiighliness  in 
his  rel.itions  with  them.  .Major  Webb  will 
receive  hard-handed  employes,  and  within  an 
hour  be  in  assoc  ialion  with  a  group  of  million- 
aires, fellow-directors  of  his  in  the  great  bank 
which  is  located  near  his  office,  .ind  his  man- 
ner is  the  same  in  e.ic  h  c.ise.  He  treats  every- 
body in  .1  business-like  way.  He  is  ipiic  k- 
sjioken,  iironijit,  dec;isivc',  without  being  c  urt 
or  bruscpic. 

.As  a  r.iiboad  man.  he  is  what  is  c  ailed  a 
liver.  Like  William  H.  N'.inderbilt,  he  is  fond 
of  going  f.ist,  and  when  business  c:alls  him  to 
a  remote  point,  he  will  order  a  locomotive 
atl.iched  to  his  spec  ial  c.ir,  and  within  half  an 
hour  after  the  decision  is  t.ikcn,  will  be  Hying 
over  the  r.iils  at  the  r.ite  of  a  mile  a  minute. 
He  is  absolutely  fearless  in  his  travels,  as 
William  H.  X'anderbilt  w.is.  Ihisiness  men 
may  see  him  in  the  .ifternoon  of  one  clay,  and 
he.ir  of  him  the  ne\t  morning  at  liuffalo,  450 
miles  aw.iy.  This  does  not  indicate  restless- 
ness, but  energy.  Major  Webb  is  one  of  the 
most  cpiict,  self-contained  and  serene-in.m- 
nered  of  all  our  railway  managers. 

When,  just  after  he  became  viie-presidcnt, 
he  was  called  upon  to  face  a  most  dangerous 
strike,  railway  men  said  that  he  had  been 
put  to  the  test  tcio  early,  and  some  of  them 
le.ircd  that  he  would  not  be  cpial  to  the 
responsibility.  Hejiew  was  in  iMirope  ( 'or- 
n 'lius  N'anderbilt  in  Newport,  and  members 
of    the  evecutive   board    scattered    here    and 


i 


I 


i    :l. 


i 


MR    H,  WALTER  WEbB, 


,,/   ,   ,   r  r>r,:.l.  .,-■    A'     I       I      .'-    //.   A'     A'.    A'. 


y/.  /;  M.ri.R  u/:is/i. 


137 


there.  M;iii>i  \\\lil>  iiinnudiaUly  inadc  of  liis 
otVit  L-  A  «  ,iiiii)aij;ii-|ilaci-.  iK'  tdlkctcd  liis 
slaiT  aI)oiit  liim.  Tlu'  strikers  liad  control  of 
the  approaches  to  New  York  city,  and  traffic 
was  paralyzed.  He  first  took  pains  to  dis- 
cover iiow  many  of  the  nten  were  out,  and 
also  to  learn  what  their  prei  ise  j^rievance 
was.  If  it  was  a  ipiestion  of  time  or  waj;es 
or  any  other  tiiinj^  over  whi(  ii  there  iiad  been 
misimderstandint;  or  business  di^a,L;reement, 
he  iielieved  that  the  trouble  could  be  speeil- 
ily  settled.  He  found,  instead,  tli.it  it  was  a 
matter  of  discipline,  that  the  nnii  ]irotested 
ag.iinst  certain  rules  which  the  subordinate 
oflicers  had  found  necessary,  as  they  believed, 
in  order  to  maintain  discipline.  The  strikers 
objected  to  the  discharj^e  of  certain  men  who 
were  reported  disobedient  or  incompetent, 
and  when  Major  Webb  heard  this,  he  said,  in 
a  ipiiet  way,  to  his  staff:  "This  is  a  point 
this  company  cannot  yield.  'I'he  sto(  kholders 
must  retain  the  rii;ht  to  manage,  in  their  own 
way,  this  proiierty." 

Then  he  called  uiion  his  resources.  Ik- 
sent  agents  to  procure  men  to  take  the  phues 
of  the  strikers.  He  called  upon  the  jiolice 
force  of  New  York  for  protection,  and  got 
it.  Night  and  day  for  seventy-two  hours  he 
left  his  ofticc  for  only  a  few  moments  at  a 
time.  He  caught  catnaps,  and  two  nights 
did  not  sleep  a  wink.  .\nd,  when  the  r.iil- 
wav  men  connected  with  other  lines  found 
out  what  he  was  doing,  they  said  :  "  There 
i-,  a  young  general  in  command  at  the  (irand 
Central  Station." 

In  his  conferences  with  leaders  of  labor 
associations,  Major  Webb's  legal  knowledge 
was  of  great  service  to  him,  and  Mr.  INjwderly 
himself,  who  met  him  in  (  onference  several 
times,  was  greatly  impressed  by  his  tact,  cool- 
ness, good  temper,  and  his  firmness  as  well. 

When  Mr.  Depew  returned  from  Euroi)e, 
not  a  sign  of  the  strike  ajipeared.  (Cornelius 
Vanderbilt,  < onstantly  informed  over  the  wire 
at  his  Newport  home  of  what  was  going  on, 
deemed  it  unnecessary  to  come  to  the  <  ily. 

.•\t  the  first  mutterings  of  the  strike  in  Huf- 
f.ilo.  information  of  which  was  sent  to  Major 
Webb  by  telegrajih,  he  touched  his  electric  bell, 


the  messenger  who  answered  ie<eive(l  an  order 
whi(  h  w.is  taken  to  the  proper  authority,  and 
within  hali  an  hour  Major  Webb  was  aboard 
his  priv.ite  1  ar,  speeding  oxer  the  tracksatllie 
rate  of  fifty  miles  an  hour;  and  before  dawn 
next  morning  he  was  in  llullali).  His  part  in 
that  (onvulsion  i^  a  matter  of  recent  lustoiy, 
and  unnecessary  to  describe  here. 

In  physi(  al  ai)pearance,  as  his  jihotogr.u  lire 
picture  shows,  M.ijor  Webb  does  not  at  all 
suggest  the  typi(  al  railway  manager.  He  is  of 
slight  figure,  medium  stature,  erect  in  carriage. 
He  (ares  nothing  for  social  [ileasures  of  the 
f.ishionable  set.  His  home  and  his  office  are 
his  life.  He  is  not  a  club  man.  He  takes  no 
cunspi(  uous  part  in  jiolitics,  although  he  has 
strong  political  views;  but  it  is  sale  to  say  that 
not  a  do/en  men  emiilosed  b\  his  com- 
pany know  whether  he  is  a  Republican  or 
a  Democr.it.  He  is  a  strong  churchman, 
being  ,1  vestryni.m,  and  one  of  the  most 
active  memlurs  of  one  of  the  New  \'ork 
uptown  Episcopal  chun  lies;  and  if  the 
millionaires  contributed  sums  projiortionate 
to  their  wealth  as  great  as  those  he  gi\es 
for  church  work,  his  (  hur(  h  would  have  an 
enormous  income.  .Major  Webb  is  a  great 
believer  in  the  future  [lossibilities  of  last  rail- 
way travel.  He  has  studied  this  development 
with  great  care,  and  with  such  results  that  he 
is  now  running  daily  the  fastest  railway  train 
in  the  world,  making  nearly  a  mile  a  minute 
consecutively  for  450  miles.  His  experiments 
have  shown  that  the  old  idea  that  very  fast 
traveling  does  not  pay,  is  an  error,  but  he  says 
that  in  order  to  make  it  pay,  the  cars  must  be 
light  but  strong,  the  service  sidTicient  but  not 
luxurious,  and  the  carrying  <  ap.icity  limited, 
so  that  an  engine  will  not  be  compelled  to 
draw  too  heavy  a  train. 

ChaiMKey  M.  Depew  has  the  reputation  of 
being  the  mo>t  accessible  to  newspajier  men 
of  all  the  tiistinguisheil  men  in  New  \'ork,  yet 
he  is  not  more  so  than  Major  Webb.  .\ny 
resjiectable  newspaper  man  is  welcome  to  his 
office  at  all  times,  and  he  treats  such  callers 
;is  though  they  were  nu'n,  ami  like  one  who 
respects  their  calling  The  reporter  h;is  yet  to 
be  found  who  Ins  got  of  M.ijor  Webb  a  sug- 


'3'^ 


.•/  St'/'r/:.\/A'  or    riii    sr.  i awki wi-   i<i\ik. 


!  I 


gL'slidii  thai  .1  iiiiK  or  a  liit  ol  prai-M.-  wmilil  W 
lilcasing.  lie  will  iiol  lalk  almut  IuiumII.  Imi 
will  cheerfully  ^ivc  all  the  itewswhit  h  he  has. 
|)r()vi;le<l  it  is  (■()ii>isteiit  with  the  [niliey  of  the 
road  to  make  imlilieation  of  it.  If  it  i^  iu)t 
I  ()nr,i-,tent,  he  .says  frankly  :  "  Th at  is  soiiie- 
thin;^  I  cannot  talk  to  yon  al)out  jn^t  now. 
Perhaps  1   may  he  aMe  to   do  mi  to-inoiiow. " 

i'erhaps  this  disposition  is  partly  tliie  to  his 
reeolleetion  of  the  fac  t  that  his  father  was  a 
newspaper  man  who  always  treated  the  hum- 
blest of  reporters  with  };reat  respect.  At  the 
time  (ien.  Wehh  w.is  approachinn  death,  and 
the  various  newspapers  of  New  \'ork  svul  re- 
porters to  his  home,  so  that  innnediale  inlor- 
nKition  of  his  ileath  lni^ht  he  oblaint'd.  (ien. 
Webli  used  to  say  tt)  his  sons:  "Are  you  tak- 
ing good  care  of  the  iiewsjiaper  men?  If  any 
of  them  havi'  to  uait  loni;,  show  them  some 
hospitality.  ('ii\e  them  a  i;lass  of  Madeira 
.md  a  sandwii  h  or  biscuit,  and  do  not  t'or^et 
that  the  newspapi'r  rejtorters  as  .i  class  are 
hard-working,  lair-minded,  intellii,'ent  men, 
wlio  slionld  be  treated  I'xactly  as  any  oilier 
business  man  is,  who  comes  to  you  on  business 
matters."  Whether  this  injunction  accounts 
lor  i.ie  treatment  the  Major  .md  his  brotlnis 
give  newspaper  men  or  not,  the  f.u  t  rem.iin^ 
that  they  all  are  thus  minded  when  they  re- 
ceive representatives  of  the  press. 

The  general  impresiion  in  r.iilway  <  ire  les 
is,  that  when  President  Dejiew  retires  from 
official  connection  with  the  N'ru  \'ork  ("en- 
tral.  Major  \\"ebb  will  be  his  sik a cssor. 

His  C'onnii  iidn    wi  i  ii    iiih    Ro.vns  ()!• 

.NoKIIIIKN    Nl.W     \o|.;K. 

What  we  have  thus  far  said  relates  to  Mi. 
Webb's  connection  with  the  main  lines  of 
the  Central  corporation,  the  extent  of  which 
all  our  readers  understand,  for  that  system  is 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  is  man- 
aged with  a  degree  of  judgment  and  practi- 
cal capacity  that  has  elicited  the  wonder  of 
travellers  who  are  familiar  with  the  great 
lines  both  in  ICuropc  and  Americi.  I'.ut  it  is 
in  Major  Webb's  (onnection  with  our  own 
northern  line  that  he  has  been  brought  more 
directly    into  oftici.il  relations  v.-ith  our   own 


people.  When  the  New  N'ork  I'entr.d,  on 
.\l.ir(  h  II,  1.S91,  le.ised  the  lines  of  the  R. 
W .  iV  ( ).  Koad,  .Major  Webb  w.is  |)l.iced  in 
complete  control  of  that  entire  system,  and 
lK(ame  llie  minaging  officer,  the  supreme 
exec  iiti\e  he. id.  .\lmosl  from  the  very  week 
he  .isstimed  (  ontrol,  the  beiieliceiH c  ol  his 
management  h.is  made  itself  manilest.  lie 
begin  the  ureal  work  of  raising  the  newly- 
.i(c|iiired  properly  to  llu'  high  sl.md.ird  of  the 
trunk  line.  This  necessil.ited  new  liridges, 
new  r.iils,  and  the  ac(om|ilishinent  of  almost 
a  |iroiessof  new  construction  — entirely  so  in 
some  lo(  alilie-,,  'I'he  outlay  for  these  im- 
provements his  been  enormous,  reaching 
jiJ. 000, 000  of  which  ,'«;6oo,ooo  has  been  ex- 
pended in  the  construe  lion  of  new  bridges, 
liiiilt  of  steel  .111(1  iron,  '['he  bridges  upon  the 
whole  line  are  now  as  good  as  any  in  the 
country. 

The  entire  road-bed  has  been  re-ballasted, 
and  in  most  of  it  new  ties  have  been  placed, 
and  the  number  of  the  s.ime  per  mile  has  been 
ini  re.isc'd.  New  steel  r.iils  have  been  laid. 
Weighing  70  and  72  pounds  to  the  lineal  yard, 
and  the  ec[uipment  has  been  corres[iondingly 
improved  by  the  addition  of  standard  locomo- 
tives of  the  he.iviest  pattern,  wlu(  h  could  not 
be  run  over  the  old  R.  W.  \-  ()..  but  which  now, 
under  the  new  improvements  —  steel  rails, 
perfect  road-bed,  and  strong  bridges — are 
allowed  to  run  at  high  speed,  and  haul  heavy 
trains.  New  p.issenger  cars  have  been  added  ; 
in  fact,  the  road  has  been  virtually  re-con- 
structed. I'reight  rates  have  been  reduced, 
and  the  general  conditions  have  been  greatly 
improved.  .\mong  other  things,  several  enter- 
prises in  Northern  New  ^'ork  have  been  as- 
sisted ;  and  all  this  has  been  done  by  hard 
work,  .and  under  the  pl.ms  m.ide  and  sui)er- 
vised   by  Mr.  Webb. 

I- or  such  labors,  so  well  done,  too  muc;h 
pr.iise  I  annot  be  given  this  young  man,  who 
niighl  h.ive  chosen  ease,  but  prefers  work. 
.Ml  that  he  tou(  lies  he  benefits.  He  li.is  raised 
the  old  R.,  W.  \-  ().  R.  R.  system  from  ,1  de- 
caying condition,  with  worn  material  and 
weak  bridges,  to  become  a  grand  roadway  in 
itself,  the  natural  ally  of  the  great  trunk   sys- 


I iii:>^iu<i<i:  m  rri:i<iii:i I). 


'o9 


Inn  Willi  uliirli  il  iir.ikih  (  lo-.r  i  i  i|llii.'(  I  ions, 
\\iili  voiiliiilcij  trains,  .ind  in  siiiniiur  uiili  its 
siLMily-iiinnint;  "  llycis  "  that  cross  tlic  <  (Hiiitry 
at  lolly  miles  an  lioni  in  rnlirc  safct)-.  'I'lu; 
valiir  iiIsikIi  a  system,  so  (oiuut  ted,  ailds  lo 
llu-  \aliic  ol'  every  acre  of  land  in  Noitliern 
New  \'oik,  and  is  of  intelesi  to  llie  |iooiesl 
111  111  as  well  as  to  tlu'  liiliest.  I'lie  leinaik- 
alile  lieedoiii  Iroin  |Hisonal  ai  cidents  to  jms- 
sen-ers  diirin'4  the  year  1894  alTords  the  ln'sl 
|iossi|)|e  >;iiaranty  that  the  system  is  well  and 
salely  maii.i^ed.  S|)eed  and  romt'orl  are  two 
(ondilions  demaiuled  by  modern  travellers; 
Imt  the  jierleet  (  omliination  i■^  a  rare  one.  ()n 
mo-,t  American  railroad^,  hii;li  speed  is  onK 
|io--sil)le  at  liie  expense  ol  danger  ,ind  disi 0111- 
tiirl.  To  combine  (cuiifort  and  safety  with 
the  j;reatt'st  speed,  pcrfei  t  ei|iiipmenl  .ind 
absence  of  sharp  curves  are  lu'ce^sary.  This 
is  certainly  the  (  asc  with  the  R.,  W.  \  (  ).  sys- 


tem. Its  lire. It  easti'rn  and  weslern  outlets, 
the  New  N Drk  Central  and  IIikUoi.  River 
Road-.,  hold  the  world's  (  hampionship  for 
loni;  dist.iiK  e  fast  trains,  won  b\  rec  eiit  im- 
provements in  eipiipment  ,ind  lo((imoli\e- 
biiikliiii^,  that  fairly  in, irk  ,111  epm  h  in  r.iilroad- 
111,1;;  and  its  hundred-ton  lainines.  Iioriu'  on 
m.issiw  r  lils  weii;liini;  ijo|)oiiiiiN  per  wild, 
now  skim  with  perfect  safety  around  (  ur\tsat 
the  rate  of  lifty-t'ive  miles  an  lioiii.  'I'hesoliil- 
est  of  ro.ul-beds  is  needed  to  withstand  this 
111,11  \elous  speed,  and  lo  be.ir  the  enormous 
locomotives  and  trains  ;  wh.it  it  does  with 
s.ilely  's  iinpos..ible  to  other  r.iilro.uls  of  in- 
ferior eipiipment.  or  built  with  sharp  ciir\es, 
l'",\(  eptin.n  the  (Ireat  Western  of  Caiuui.n, 
which  has  one  air-line  re.ich  of  100  miles,  the 
New  N'ork  Central  straii;lit  traiks  exceed  those 
of  any  other  railroad  in  the  world. 

I.    A.    11. 


THEODORE    BUTTERFIELD. 


\f 


Mk.  I'll- 1  IKKI  iKi.ii  ( (lines  into  the  iranspor- 

t.ition  system  of  Xorthern  New  York  by  what 

may   be    cilled    "natural   inheritance."       His 

t;randl".ither.  the  Honorable  John    Butterlielil, 

of   Ctica,  was  the  orii^in.ilor  of   the  American 

Ivxpress  Company,  which    w.is   st.irteil    under 

the    I'lrni    of    Wells,    llutterfield    \-    Company. 

He  also  r.iised   the    money  and    built    the  first 

Western    iMiion    Telei^raph    Line,    which    was 

c.illed  the  .Morse  Line    l'eleij;raph  at  that  time, 

and  w.is  a  director   in   the   New  Vork  Centr.il 

in   its   e.irly  staj^'cs,  ,ind    one  of   the  |iromoters 

and  (  ipiialists  who   built  the  Ihica  and  iilack 

Kiver  ro  111.  which  started  in  opposition  to  the 

Rum  •    ,iiul    W.ilertovvn     road,    because    they 

could   not   a;4ree   on    ,a    startini;    point,  as  the 

c.ipitalists  of  Xorthern    New  \'ork  w.iiUed   to 

st.irt  from  Herkimer;  the  Utica  peo|)lo  would 

not  hear  to  th.il,  and  were  bound  to  start  from 

Utica  ;    so    the    other    people    started    from 

R  ):ne,  and  the    LTtica   jieople,  not   to  Ik'  out- 

^\m^.   started    lln'ir    ro  id    from    Utica,  which 

was  b  lilt  lip  lo  lioonville,  and  I'lnally  extended 

to   O^densburgli,  Clayton   and    Sackets    H.ir- 


\ 


bor,  John  I'mtterfield  also  started  and  owned 
the  f.imotis  I'oiiy  I'lxjjress  or  ( )verl,ind  .M.iil, 
which  W.IS  the  jireciirsor  of  the  I'ac  ilic  r.iil- 
ro.uls. 

Theodore  lUitterfieki's  uncle,  NLiior-Ceneral 
Daniel  iJiitterheld,  was  the  first  i^enera!  super- 
intendent of  the  .American  lCxi)re>s  Comii.inv, 
and  .ilso  was  chief  of  staff  of  the  various  com- 
manders of  the  Army  of  the  I'otomac,  ar  1 
;4ave  the  celebr.ited  order,  by  direction  of 
Ciener.il  Meade,  to  the  corps  <  (jiiimanders  to 
flight  Lee  at  Ciettysbiiri;,  the  battle  that  nearly 
broke  the  back  of  the  Confederacv. 

Mr.  Ihitt.'rfield  has  been  connected  with 
the  r.iilroads  of  Northern  New  Vork  for  20 
years.  He  began  as  chief  clerk  in  the  ai - 
counting;  department  of  the  old  I'tica  \-  lUack 
River  r.iilroad,  at  Utica,  and  was  soon  after 
niaile  L;eneral  ticket  af,'ent,  and  then  i;eneral 
passenger  agent  of  that  road  ;  and,  as  the  road 
grew,  he  was  made  general  freiglu  .ind  passen- 
ger agent.  He  remained  in  thil  position  until 
the  1  onsolidation  with  the  Rome,  W.itertown 
iV    Ogdensburg    r.iilroad,    when    he    was    ap- 


r^o 


./    SOr\l.\/h'    ()/■     nil      s /•     LAWKIMI.    I<l\l:l<. 


iV  ( >.  R.  R.,  ami  li,i>  luld  ili.il  iMi^itioii  iiiidi  i 
llic  (  cinsoli(l,nit)n  (i|  tli.il  >\st>.'ni  wiili  iln-  N'rw 
Vork  Ccntr.il  \-  lliulsoii  Ruci  R.  R.'-,. 
Wlicn  firsi  a|>|i()inti.(l  lie  \v:i>  ilu'  \(iiii\j;i'>t 
general  ticket  ;i.t;eiU  in  the  Iniied  Stato. 
His  experience  as  assistant  to  tlie  .uener.il 
superintendent,  and  in   the  operaMi-   dcpart- 


(  urMon^,  siH  h  i>  liie  New  NOrk,  \V.ishin};i()n 
ind  t!lncaj;o  ex(  iirsii)ns  ;  and  the  idea  of 
111  K  hinn  >Kepin};-(  ars  and  drawinfi-rooni  cars 

Id   cMiM^idii    tiains,    ikiw    gencriilly  adopted, 

()riL;inalcd  u  ilh  him. 

At  the  lime  ol   hi^  .i[ip()intinent  he  was  the 

\iiunL;isi  ueiieral  jiassenj^er  a^'ent  in  tlie  United 

Siaie^.     He  i?.  beyond  all  doabl  the  most  pojju- 


Till  iiliiiKI.    Ill    I  1  l.i;l  IMJi. 

nient   of   the    Utica   .V    Ilia,  k    River  railinad,  lar  railroad   man   in   Northern   New  York,  the 

made    him    familiar   wiih    all    departinenls   of  best  known  and  ino^t  apjireciated.   Witharlear 

railroading,  and   that  is   the  .ecret  of  his  sue-  head    and    amj.le    knowledge    of   all    railroad 

cess   in    the   passenger    business,  as    he  thor-  mailers,  his  suggestions  at  the  meetings  of  the 

niighly  understan.ls  the  details  in  railroading,  passenger   agents    of    the    whole   country    arc 

and    has    in    addilion    rare  executiv    abiliiy.  always   listened  to  with  the  closest  attention, 

He  is  the  originator  of   the    long-distance  ex-  and  usually  adopted. 


i 


LVLUM.L   /.IJiLLOX  ttoWLLL    l!L.\IO\. 


141 


<i)I..    /KIMIiiV    MOW  111      illNION. 

COLONEL  ZEBULON   HOWELL  BENTON. 

|l  M|.ii-.l  l|i>lll  \\  .lll.h  i-\  (llii.li-  1"  111.    A.lllMl.l.li  ks.l 

TiiKKK   was    proh.ilily    \w    mnic    loiiKintic,  ticiiLus.  in    peaked   fell    liat,  \o\y^  hlack  coat 

pi(  turesciuc  or  conspiciioiis   rij;ure  coiiiiccted  and    nil'lled    sliirt  —  every    article    lanlllessly 

with  tlic  cliroiiicles  of    Lake    I'.onaparte  than  neat.       With     iiis    fresh,    ruddy    c:omi)lexion, 

Colonel    Zeliidon    \\.    lienton.     The   aiconi-  cle.in-shaven  face,  rich  growth  of   snow-white 

panying    engraving    faithfully    represents    his  hair,    grarefid    carriage,   and   form   .almost   as 

appear.ince    in     daily     life.       lie    invarialily  lithe  and    perfect,  at  the  ripe  age  of  82,  as  if 

dressetl  with  the  nicest    regard  to  minute  par-  in  the  llowerof  youth  and  strength,  he  seemed 


14: 


//  S(iri7:.\7A'  (>/    Till:  si   i  wvh'i  sci:  uiiF.h'. 


till'  iiiilMiiliiin.ni  (il  ii  nuiitk'in.ui  nf  llu'  old 
icniiiu'. 

('i)liiiu'l    I'.rntnii  w.is  Imiiii  in  .\|iuli.i,  N.  \  ., 
|.inn.it\   j;,  iSi  I,  .mil  the  dclMiN  nf  lii^  i  lui  k- 

iTctl    lilf    wdiiM    I'll!    .1    1 k.      \\v   i  .111    iinU 

lilli'llv  .illilcK'  111  llu'  Idliiw  111-  l;ul>:  lie  \\J^ 
.1  cuiisin  i)t  'I'lmni:!-.  ll.iit  lli'iiti  m,  llir  ■j.x^.-M 
MisMPiiri  si.itiNin.m,  ;inil  •  niix  iiiuiitK  .i  kiiis- 
m.m  of  lii>  d.iiit;liti.r,  K-->u  l!iiiinii  Iniiuint, 
tlif  notcil  wilt.'  of  the  r.iinnii-.  "  IVitliriiidir." 
Iiitluw.ir  of  till.'  l\i  liillidii  lit-  riiii\i-d  an 
aiiiioinimcnl  on  the  stall  ol  (umuimI  licinoiil, 
liul  liiloif  In-  I  oiild  arran,L;f  In  take  tin.'  |io>i- 
tion  tlif  L^iiicr.il  was  sii>|nndi d.  lie  wa^ 
also  a  ii'lalisi'  o!  tin.'  cininriii  nii\rli->i,  janics 
I'\'niniorr  l'oo|icr.  I'min  lii^  m  i\  lio\liood 
lie  It-'d  an  rxtiniirlv  ai  live  lite,  and  IkIiiic  lu' 
was  I'airh  util  of  lii^  liens  lie  was  i.'ntni--ird 
liv  hi>  em  plus  I.- IS  with  i  omiiii^>ions  of  tlu-  iil- 
iiiii^t  importani  e,  wliii  li  lie  lui  iiil;1iI  to  siu'- 
<'cssfiil  coiismnmalion .  lie  was  enj;aL;ed 
from  time  to  lime  in  '^v.w  inlerini^es,  i-.|ie 
I  ialh  tlio-M'  of   land,  miiiini;  and   railroadinti. 

The    I  aiiital     iiuested     in    llle^e   soilietiliie^    i\- 

(  eedeil  a  million  dollar--.  lli^  venliuis,  otleii 
i;i;;,intii',  were  not  I  oiifined  to  Lewis. mil  St. 
I,,iwreni  c  i()iiniie>.  Imt  esleinhd  into  the 
('ainihis,  to  the  Ciiilf  i  if  Mexiio,  and  e\eii 
into  South  Anieiii.i.  The  mine--  al  ko-.sie, 
Clillon,  j.iyville  and  Alpine  .ire  eN.imiph--  of 
those  oiier.ilions.  We  ,ire  i  oiu  im  ed  that  the 
(.'arthaj;e  \  Adirondai  k  R.iilw.iy  owes  it--  e\- 
isteni  e  to  (  dlonel  lielltoii  ,iiul  to  i  Ion.  Jo-.,  |ih 
I'alind,  of  ll.uiis\ille,  N.  N'..  as  llie\  wi  re 
lln(:e.l^inJ;  in  their  efforts  to  est.ililisli  thai  line 
to  the  [a\\ille  minis. 

l-'roin  the  ( '.iiih.ijie  RepiiMii  an,  I'hil.idel- 
phiu  I'res-- and  other  reliahle  soiin  es,  we  ule.m 
the  followiii;.:  interestini^  information:  Soon 
after  the  ariiv.ilof  JoMph  llon.iparle  in  this 
(oiintry.  he  met  and  lii\ed  a  lie.iiitifnl  (,)iiak- 
eress,  by  the  name  of  .\iiiiette  Savage,  a 
member  of  a  f.miily  of  hii;ii  respectabilitN ,  re- 
sidin:;  in  i'hilailelphia,  deseelldants  of  the 
I  elebr.ited  Indian  |iriiii  ess,  I'oi  ahontas.  They 
were  snbseipiently  m.iiried  in  private  b\  a 
jiistire  of  the  peai  e  in  lh.it  i  ity.  Two 
daii;;hters  were  the  fruit  of  thi--  union,  one  ol 
whom  died  in  iufani  y.      The  other  wis  i  hri-<- 


lined  ('h.irlotie  ( '.  Soon  .iflei  .iiriviiiL;  al 
111  iliirity,  ■>he  liei. line  the  wile  oi  ('olnnel  lleii- 
loii.  Their  ni.irri.ine  riMilled  in  seven  i  hil- 
dreii.  Till  liM'  surviving  bear  the  .appropri- 
ate n.ime>  ol  |o--epliilie  ('h.illolle,  /enaiile 
jloii.ip.nle,    l.i.ili--     |o>epll,  /elillloll     N.lpoleoll 

ind    riiom,i>  I  l.irt. 

Mr--.  Iliiitoii,  havin;;  ol.i.dned  .i  letter  of 
mlrodiK  lion  from  (ienei.il  (Irinl  to  jjon. 
l-',llliil  I'l.  W.ishbiiin,  rniled  Stalin  .\lllii--ler 
to  I'' ranee,  .111(1  one  .dso  lioni  i)i.  I.  I)ell,ueii 
While,  the  eminent  I'liil.idelphi.i  denli--l,  to 
his  former  pii|ii!,  i>r.  l'',vans,  the  dentil  ^llr- 
^eon  ol  l.oiii-,  N.ipoleon,  re|i.iired  111  i^lri^  in 
i.S()i).  She  obi, lined  andieiii  e  wiih  the  laii- 
peror,  and  lei  ei\ed  immedi.ile  lei  o-nilioii  .is 
llie  d.iii^hler  of  Joseph  Itoll.lp.ll  te;  .111(1  b\  his 
impeii.il  will  and  the  l.iws  of  l  i.iik  e,  llie 
iiiiior.of  her  p.ireiiNwis  lonliiiiied  .iiiil  her 
le-iiim, II  V  established.  Honored  by  .in  i-ui- 
tllion  to  allelld  llie  lleliih  loiirl,  >lie  and 
two  of  her  children  were  tlieri-  kindly  and 
(  ordi.dlv  entertained  bv  the  l'',m]ieror  and  I'.in- 
|ire>s,  who  presented  her  willi  v.iln.ible  sou- 
venirs upon  the  occ.isioii.  N.ipohoii  olleii 
e\pies--e(l  i;reat  regret  that  he  did  not  know 
hi-.  I  oiisin  e.iilier,  so  th.il  he  mi-lil  the  Mionel 
lia\e  be--toWe(l  ii|ioii  lu-r  iliildleli  the  ]il.ii  es 
to  whiih,  b\  biltll.  the\  Were  elllilled.  lie 
]iresenleil  her  with  her  l.lllni's  ji.il.u  e  ;  but 
thi-.  W.1--  lo--l  throiinh  the  dowiilall  of  the  em- 
pire and  of  ih.il  ill-f.iled  roy.il  f.iniiU.  Mr--. 
r.eiilon  attended  N'.lpoleoli  diirillL;  lii-^  illlpli-.- 
oniiieiit  in  (ieriiiaiu,  and  a  short  lime  .illei- 
w.ird  (i.Syi)  reiiiiiied  to  Aiiurii  .1.  She  was 
a  Woman  ol  leiii.irk.ible  be.iiil\  .ind  talent, 
and  of  most  lo\  elv  i  haiai  tei  islii  s.  Ilei  e\es 
were  1  irue,  dark  and  lustrous,  .mil,  like  the 
Coloiiers,  iie\  (  I  iliiniiied  bv  at;i'.  Keieivilii; 
a  liiii'  ediiiaiioii,  in  laimpe  .ind  in  this  loiin- 
trv.  she  earh  develo|.eil  ^real  versatility  in 
writing;.  Many  brilli.int  .irtii  les  in  various 
papers  .md  ma;4.i/ines  were  the  prodiii  lioiis  of 
her  pen,  and  she  was  the  author  ol  a  book  of 
rare  merit,  entitled  "  l-'iam  e  .iiul  her  People." 
She  died  l>ei  ember  J5,  iS(;o.  at  Kii  lilicid 
Spriiij^s.  I  III  husband,  llie  siibiei  1  of  this 
sketi  h,  died  Mav  16,  1  .Si) ',,  1  losintr  .m  iiniipie, 
interest  inn  .md  woiulei  fully  roin.mlic  life. 


tA 


M.I/Oh'    /AMIS    III.KllA     IX  KIIA.M. 


143 


MAJOR  JAMES  HERVEY  DURHAM. 

Sci«tll:in<l  C.uot.iliK  kiM.un  .iMiMU- ihe  riinii  I'.  1il(  .uiu-  lirM  an  (.■iim^;!!  in  tlif  Vrastr  Riflt-s, 

s.iiiil  I>1. mils.  i-.llRynun-r^t  Mill  Mf  Jdlin  I'l'iiin  :inil    iiii.illv   a  niijiir    in   tliat   noted    n-iiiunl. 

Durham,  wlio  I  anif  Inmi   Coimiy  I  )iirliaiii.  in  jaiiif^  II.   hnrliain.  ilic  Mihji.  i  <.|  ilii>  skttrli, 

thr  iioitli  (if  I'jiHlaixl.  Willi  lii^  tailKT  Williiiii  wa^   iM.rii    in   Syrai  use.  N.  \'..  Dcicinlur    17, 

lv.|,.rt   I)  iili.iiii.  jii^l  al  lluiloM  (il  ihc  R,\n-  iSj  1 .  and  in  1  S  ^1  went  willi  liis  parcnlN  iiilc  tlic 


{1 


«^ 


M  \|()R    JAMI  ^    lll.l;\  I  \     III    UII.WI. 


hitiiMi,  at    the  aL;c  (il   two    \eii'-.      W  ilii am  !•'.  wilds  cil    ()liii),  dii  .1  l.uiii    live  miles    fiom   the 

was  a  inajdr  in  the  lliilisli  army,  Iml  luTniniiij;  nearest   inlialiitant.      lie  attended   tliedi-tri<t 

disj;iisted  with  the  !i<  ense  i;i\en  to  the  Indians  schools  for  a  time,  liien  the  --eminarv  at    iN'or- 

to  murder  and  scalji  their  priMiners,  he  threw  walk,    ().,  Haldwin     Institute,    Merea,    ().,  and 

ii|i  his  < Dinmissidii,  letiirned   to  I'aiuland,  and  ()lierlin    ColKLje.      lie   entered   the  2nd    |)ra- 

linally  eiiiiL;rated  to  the  l-niled  St.ites.      John  .nooiis,  V .    S.    A.,  in     1 S49,  serving    U|)    to    th 


I-tl 


./  .■>(>/  \i:\iN  i)h   nil:  sr.  i..\wRi:\ii-:  kiitr. 


l)riMkllin    mil    III     llu'     Kclu'lliiiii.       II, 


llic 


Iiuli.ui.i    \'i)liinU-i  r>,   (Ol.    Coliiirn. 


meinbii'  nf    1!   ("n,   ("iiii.  Ill.iko,  ijili    Imli.ma      Rci>ij;nmg  \\:m\   ili.it   <i)inm,milat   tlu' ciul  of 


\'ols.,  iiiuUr  l!nluiul,  ,iltfn\  aril  ('un.  Knhrit 
H.  Milrov.  in  ilu'  t'lrst  tliri'c  inonih-^' i  .im|i.ii:^ii 

ill  \\'i--I  \'lli;illi,l.  llo  lr|i(illiil  111  ("n-ll. 
(ii'i)iur  11  MiCklKlll  al  ("irafloD,  Wi'sl  \'a., 
anil  wa-^  ^rnl  hv  iiim  on  iin|Miitant  sion  inj; 
.^jrviir;  w  a  -  in  I  lie  1  lattice  nl  I'liillijii,  al  I,  iiin-l 
I  Iiii,  anil  Cafricls'^  {•'oitl.  Al  liu-i  io-i'  ut  llu' 
liiioc  innntlw' I  amiiaiun,  \\v  was  a|)|iointi.'il  jiv 
Ciov.  (:i.nr  r.  Muitiin  to  llu'  c  oiiimaml  ol  a 
camii  lU'ir  IniliaiiaiioJi^,  aiul  finalK  wi-iit  lo 
the   front  as  ist    I.iiaitfnani  ami    .\il|ulant  ol 


finhlocn  iiionlhs'  sorviic,  he  licianic  Major  of 
ia\aliy.  and  later  was  connertcil  with  the 
artiili-rv  ol  tlu-  -'jril  ii)r|is,  imiler  (Jen.  Silio- 
lu'lil.  lie  was  oni  (■  in  l.ililiv  prison,  ami  the 
AiiiKr-^oiu  ilie  stoi  kaile  lifteen  davs  lie  par- 
tii  i|Mt(<!  ill  soNiral  of  ilie  lianU'st-fnii^ht 
lialllrs  ol  ihi'  war,  anil  was  several  times 
wiiiimhil.  He  lias  an  honorable  disihar^'e' 
and  is  a  pensioner.  lie  is  the  author  of  our 
history  of  C.ipe  \'iiueiil  bill  nut  ut'  this 
skeli  h. 


I 


GENERAL  WILLIAM  H.  ANGELL 


Was  long  prominently  i  omui  ted  uiili  the 
interests  of  the  St.  I.awrem  e,  and  ieL;itiiii,ilely 
belongs  with  those  who  are  entitled  to  promi- 
nent remembr.inee  in  any  history  of  tlu- 
rpper  St.  Lawrence  and  of  the  'riieaisaml 
Islands.  He  is  remembered  with  pha-ure  by 
the  oilier  I  iti/eiis  of  ('la\toii  and  ol  Jefferson 
eoimt\',  for  he  was  a  man  of  j^uat  business 
ra|ia(  ily  an<l  Ion  e.  Many  biiildini;^  in 
W'atertown  be.ir  silent  uiiness  of  hi-^  m. inner 
of  eon--tnirlion  —  notably  the  'rai;i;arl  llro-.', 
mill  at  the  lower  f.ills,  and  the  w.iter-re^ervoir. 
now  o\er  forty  vears  in  n^e.  He  w,i->  born  in 
Itmliiv^ton,  ( >lseL;o  ronntv,  N.  \',,  in  171)7,  one 
of  ,1  fiiiiily  of  ten  (  hildren.  When  only  ten 
years  of  ,iL;e  he  left  home,  and  them  eloru.ird 
earned  not  only  his  own  livini;,  but  helped  to 
care  for  the  less  able  members  of  the  family. 
.\t  fourteen  he  i^.ive  his  f.ither  .'■•iJoo  for  his 
"time" — that  is.  for  the  lime  he  would  be  a 
minor,  .mil  his  f.ither  would,  therefore,  be 
lei:. illy  entitled  to  his  e,arnim;s.  The  (leiier.il 
came  into  JelTerson  county  .iboiil  iSi^.  He 
first  located  at  SiViithville.  where  he  went  into 
business  with  old-time  Jesse  Smith.  When 
less  th.m  Iwentv  years  of  a;_;e  he  lioii'jhi  ovi-r 
§vOOo  w-orth  of  jioods.  ,ind  from  Smitlnille, 
went  to  ( 'l.iyton.  Several  veils  Liter  (about 
iS_54)  he  w.l■^  al  S.ickets  ll.irbor.  In  i.Sj.|  he 
had  married  .Miss  Harriet  Warner.  Sevi-ii 
1  hildren  were  born  to  this  union,  four  of  whom 


lie  still  living;.  While  at  Sackets  H.irbor  the 
Ciener.il  became  .issoi  i.ited  in  the  m.ina^e- 
ment  of  the  S.k  ket^  H.irbor  I!. ink,  which  w.is 
Liter  merged  into  the  I!. ink  of  W.itertown,  of 
whi(  h,  about  1.S4J,  Ciener.d  .\n;j;(-ll  bei  ,ime 
sole  owner.  In  iS5,S  his  belovial  wife  died  — 
a  Lilly  well  remembered  in  Watertowii  lor  her 
devotion     to    i  h.irily    and     ('hrisli.m    works. 

The  deserviiiL;  ] r  never  lud  a  belter  t'riend, 

for  wli.it  she  l;.iv(-  w.is  i;iven  with  a  t;r.ice  .md 
;;entleness  ill. it  in.ide  the  action  doubly  eii- 
dearini;. 

In  1.S60.  ('leiu-r.d  .\nnell  m.iiried  Miss  M. 
Louise  JuiNon,  cousin  of  the  Lite  Cien.  R.  W. 
JiuIm)!!,  of  <  ):;densbiirL;.  She  was  .111  accom- 
plished l.idv,  the  p, litem  for  .1  kind,  dlltitiil 
^^ite.  In  I'sdi,  al  the  bei;inniii_L!  of  the  civil 
w.ir,  the  (leiu-ral  removed  to  New  \'ork. 
wlii-re  he  become  interested  in  several  cii\ 
(ontracts,  and  in  1862  he  removed  his  fuiiiiv 
to  that  cit\.  which  was  thenceforth  his  home 
Il\  nature  he  was  too  active  to  relish  a  life  01' 
ii  enev-,,  .ind  he  took  up  several  means  of  ac- 
ipiiriiiL;  we.illh,  anionic  others  extending  the 
(  iicul.ition  of  his  b.iiik  from  ,>5i29,ooo  to 
,'>>!So,ooo.  He  was  .ilso  l.irnely  interested  in 
the  Conlineiita'.  Steel  Works  at  M.ispeth, 
Lonj;  IsLind.  In  i'S6_^  the  iin|)osition  of  .1  t.i\ 
of  ten  per  cent  ti|)on  the  circulation  of  Slate 
Hanks,  drove  them  out  of  business.  In  iiSji, 
(i'lei.il     All-ell     h.ul     ai  1  uiniilaled     enough 


■  > 


(//■..W-.A. //.    WILLIAM    II.     }\i,l.l.l.. 


145 


.^ 


«> 


IlKMli^.  lo  iii.iki-  lioiiit:  1  oinlui  l.iliU-,  ;iiul  ill  tint  lll^  liuiiir   i-.iily  III    liti.-,  ili-^tcid   ol    \\',iU-ll(i\vn, 

year    lie    niiKnttl    to   (Icir'Sio,   ix|n.i  tiiii;    to  licwuuld  Ikuc  l.ikrii   i.iiik  with   (icoi^c    I, aw 

s|iinil  tliciu   several  ycar-i  in  the  eiijuyineiit  ot  .\\u\   tiie    eliler    \aii(leil):il,    lor  he  was    tluir 

needed  rest   and  a   release   Iroin    the  tares  of  sii|>erior    in    sluewtlness    of     nianaj^eineiit,    in 

business.      Hut    hi>    hopes  were   to   lie   di>aii-  peispit  iiity,  in    aliilily  to  [ircdii  t   the    rise   or 

pointed.     On  the   ist  ol   July,    i^'ii,   he  was  fall  of  cereals  or  articles  of  general  coiisump- 


lilAl  1;  \l     W  II  I  I  \\I     II.     \\i,l  1  I  . 


taken   ill,    and    alter   ^real    suffering,    died   at       li 


lie  was  a  firm  Iriend,  and  he  had  inanv 


(leneseo  on  Noveinher  jO,  1X72. 

Viewed  in  the  liL;lit  ol  In^  varied  and  event- 
ful career,  (lencral  .\n_mll  was  a  c  li.irat  lev 
tiiflicnll  to  rt'prodiK  e.  lie  had  a  iiolile  >oul. 
whii  h  scorned  little  tliinL;s.  ilewasimdon' 
cdly  snperior  to  the  ,i\frai;e  aliK'  liii-,iiii'ss  nun 
ot  his  dav — and  had  he   made  New  \'otk  city 


friends,  lor  he  was  ,1  Inendly  num,  democra- 
tic in  his  ways,  easily  apiiroaclied,  never 
elated  liy  sin  (ess,  n  ir  intimidatetl  by  .id',er- 
sily.  I'rom  iSjo  to  18O1,  he  was  a  consiiicii- 
ons  figure  in  Jefferson  lounty,  and  his  re- 
mo  v,U  was  a  source  of  sincere  regret. 

.1.    A.  H. 


il' 


THE  THOUSA^D  ISLANDS  IN  AUTUMN. 


CONIKllHMKh    l;V    mk.   ..    ,,.    |;k11)|,\1.\.\. 


THE  POT-HOLES. 


^Sk  I.I.  whip  have  ever  inli.ilud  ihc  ]i]\\n\\  ot  us 
/     1      liJiisi  tiri.->,  r,iinl)lc(l  ()vciM-(  hulnl  ficliU 
or  sailed   into  <|uici   ami   remote   inlets,  know 
the  cliarm  (if   ihe>e  islands.      lUit    Nature  i>  a 
coy   iiiaiilen,  and    reserves    her   lull    i^hnv    t.ir 
those   who  appret  iate  her  worth  and  tarrv  nil 
Autumn.       Then   she  mhes   herself   in  scarlet; 
she  1  lollies    herself   from    tiay    to    day  in    gar- 
ments (il  lieauty.  (  liau<;ini;  from  i;rave  to  i^iv. 
I  nder  a  clni,d\   sky   the   ,i;ray  and    the  liroun 
are    worn  in    harmony  with    the   uiiper  world. 
Then,  when  the   autumn   sun  ;;laddens   us   by 
his  Ke.ims.  she  twines  into  her   rohes  the  deli- 
c.iie  (olorinj;  which  art    tries  in  \ain    to  rival. 
The    excursions    in    and    .iround    ainoni;    the 
Islands    reveal     visions    of    e.\(|uisitc    heautv. 
The  i,'c)lden   air.  the  quiet    waters,  the  namim; 
sentmels   whi(  li    wave   their  crimson  lianners, 
from    crag    and    peak,     the    hold    precipitous 
rocks  with  their  granite   sides  st.md  out  in  re- 
'.iet,  and  fas(  inate  the  traveller  as   Ik-  winds  in 
.md  out  among  these  wonderful  c  hanncls. 

We  ha\e  ramhh'd  .done  in  wooded  jiatlis, 
'lit  and  awav  from  the  liiisy  world  outside, 
vviih  only  now  and  thru  a  lurd  of  cows  for 
coinpan\.  With  cnimiiled  horns  and  tinkling 
hell,  their  large  eves  look  lustrouslv  upon  iis 
.IS  if  we  were  intruders.  The  crows  s,,i|  ,,ver 
our  he.ids  and  saucily  call  to  us.  'I'he  crane 
flutters  lip  from  the  river  side  and  flees  aw.iv. 
Ills  long,  slender  legs  giving  a  most  ridi(  uloiis 
appear.ini  e  as  he  mounts  the  upper  air.  The 
little  snake,  with  color  riv.iling  th.it  of  the 
brilliant    foli.ige,  st.irtles   us  as  he  crosses  our 


path,  hut  tarries  not  to  m  ike  an  ac  <piaintance. 
I'he  goldenrod   hous   m    inoc  k    hiiniiliiv  ,is  we 
Ii.iss  her  hv.      We  w. ilk  under  sturdv  o.iks  .,nd 
grac  etui  pines,  e.ich  adorned  in  their  own    pe- 
culiar  green,      'I'he  trees  of  the  summer  covi-r 
lis  with  their  lu.iwn  leaves  and    speak  lo  us  ot 
their    jiast  Ikmiiiv,      lUackeneil    stumps  give   a 
tinge  of   sadness   to  the   landsc.ipe  so  fair   and 
heauliful    and    tell    of    loiesl   liivs.       \Vr    ,  hlilh 
lip    .ind     St, 111, I    ,,n     ro,  ky    ledges     .md    c  ,ilc  h 
ghmiis.s    ,,f    isl.iiids,    l.ikes,  h.ivs,   ri\er,  which 
glimmer  m   the  afternoon    sun.  ,md  ,i  palliwav 
of    rosv    light      lies    hrtween     us    .md    distant 
shores.      \\\.    phmge    into    dark     r, nines   and 
sl.tnd  amid  sli  iitered  remnants  of  tit.mic  idcks. 
whic  h  tell  of  the  storms  of  the  cKnienis  heh.re 
ni.in  w.is.      \\\.    descend    to    llie    w, iter's   edge, 
■md    g.ither    the    |.ure    while    lilv.    |.|oss,,||,ing 
under    the  m.issivc    m.isonry.  wliic  h   gii.inls   it 
trcjin   the    wayfarer.      We   shout    for  j.i\  .is  we 
r.mihle   over   this  enc  h.mied   ground,  .md   our 
voic  e  is  caught  iij)  ,iiid  thrown  h.ic  k  lo  us  tiom 
the  p.ilisades   .ihove.      Our  c  ,ill  lo  ihc  ,j_,u\\  of 
the   hills   is   answered,    hut    cmlv   in    nioi  kerv. 
So   we    ramhie   on,  now  carefuHv    jiic  kirn;  our 
WMv  under  houldi.rs  tli.it    have   heen  tossed  liy 
gi.mi  ,irms  from  the  lieigliis  .ihove,  .md  which 
It    loosviied  ,is  we  p.iss   wcuild   give  Us  a  hiirial 
.md  .1  monument,  sin  h  as  hut  feu  luroe-  have 
h.icl.     .Suddenly,  on  a  rc)ck\-  pnmiontorv,  awav 
from  hurrying  footsteps,  and  f,ir  from  ordin.uy 
r.imhles,  we  ,ire  siarilrd  liv  .i  vision  of  another 
world.      We    st.iiid    before    no    burning    bush 
which    blazes   naccmsiinied,    but    we   he.ir   the 


! 


i  : 


THE  POT  HOf.ES. 


'49 


voice  from  out  the  silcinc  saying,  "  I'akc  the 
shoes  from  off  thy  feet,  for  the  place  whereon 
tlioii  staiulest  is  holy  ground." 

'I'm-.  I'oi  -inji.KS 
Before   us   is   an    in(  lined    and    solid    rock 
stretdiing  down  to  the  watery  edge,  which  in- 
stantly carries  us  liack,  lieyond  the  "A.  D.," 
beyoml  the  "  H.  C.,"  beyond  all    human  coin- 
|>utati(jn,  hack,  liai  k  to  the  aeons  of  the  past. 
In   the  center  of  this   great   rock  is  a  well  of 
water  some  ten  to  twelve  feet  deep,  rising  to 
within  aliout  five  or  six   feet  of  the   surface. 
No  curl)  protects  it.     That  would  be  mockery. 
It  IS  well  that  we   shouM  not  be  reminded  of 
man,  when  we  stan<I  by  a  well   that  was  ages 
old  when  Jacob  in  Palestine   immortalized  his 
name  by  giving  it  to  the  one  he  dug  for  him- 
self and  cattle.      We  leaned  over  its  side  and 
looked  down  into  its  depths.     Carved,  planed, 
smoothed,  with   no  mark   or  crevice  down  its 
granite  sides,  it  has    stood  the  vast  centuries, 
telling  of  the  "ice  age"  of  glacial  avalanche, 
but  more  clearly  telling  the  story  of  a  tireless 
workman    patiently    working   along   the  ages. 
In  the  far  away  past  a   little  de|.ression   had 
Itfcn  maile  in  the  rock.     A  small  boulder  was 
placed  loosely  in  the  center.     Then  the  storm 
ol  waters  flowed  over  the  old.  old  world.     I'or 
a  time  it  ( irded   playfully  around  in  its  rocky 
bed  and  wore  away  the  rock  to  make  for  it  a 
smooth  resting  place.     Jt  never  dreamed  that 


It  was  making  for  itself  a  grave,  that  would, 
perhaps,  be  seen  by  mortal  man  who  then  had 
no  existence.  After  age  upon  age  had  passed, 
it  woke  to  find  itself  helpless  to  escape. 
Round  and  round  in  its  agony  it  whirled  in  a 
circle,  grinding  and  tearing  its  cage  and  ever 
sinking  deeper  and  deeper  into  the  abyss 
which  it  was  making  for  itself.  Is  it  a  wonder 
that  in  the  deep  silence,  the  great  bay  before 
us,  the  forest  behind,  we  stood  in  awe  before 
this  relic  of  the  I'lternal  l-'ray.'  Just  below  it 
is  a  smaller  well,  it,  too,  telling  the  story  of  its 
grander  neighbor  and  holding  in  its  deiiths  the 
instrument  used  for  the  work  of  alteration. 

We  are  not  geologists,  and  the  professors 
may  smile  at  a  layman's  i)hilosoi)hy,  but  one 
cannot  be  blamed  for  a  little  imagination  when 
standing  by  such  a  well,  in  the  calm  and  haze 
of  a  autumnal  day,  with  nature  singing  the 
doxology  about  him. 

We  travel  farther  on;  now  in  green  pas- 
tures and  by  still  waters,  then  over  majestic 
walls  of  masonry  which  form  fortresses  and 
barriers  that  could  stand  the  as.sault  of  a  na- 
tion's batteries.  At  last  we  come  out  upon  a 
lilateau  of  rock,  smooth  and  glossy  almost  as 
glass,  it  also  having  an  unknown  history.  In  its 
center  is  a  massive  granite  boulder,  a  lonely 
giant  stranded  on  the  rock.  Ask  where  it 
came  from  and  only  the  echo  answers 
"where.'"  Where  in  the  world  is  there  so 
enticing  a  place  as  "  'J'he  Thousand  Islands  ?  " 


Ak 


THE   WHITTLESEY  AFFAIR. 


1^ 


11 


IN  giving  an  extended  notice  of  this  Whit- 
tlesey ejiisode.  we  are  i)erlia|)s  ojien  to  the 
crititism  of  ni:ii<ing  a  great  deal  out  of  a  loui- 
parativcly  uninii)ortant  matter;  hut  tiiere  is  so 
much  of  tragedy  in  the  story,  and  it  afford-, 
so  striising  an  illustration  of  the  soid-destroy- 
ing  intUience  of  a  dishone-.t  greed  for  nionev, 
that  the  tale  rises  above  a  mere  relation,  and 
1)C( omes  a  great  moral  lesson.  In  that  light 
we  present  it  .is  a  legitimate  chapter  of  history. 
Samuel  Whittlesey,  originally  from  Tolland, 
t^t.,  had  removetl,  about  i8oS.  to  Watertown, 
and  engaged  in  business  as  a  lawyer.  On  tlie 
12th  of  February,  kSii,  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  ilistrict  attorney  for  the  territory 
comprised  in  Lewis,  Jefferson  and  .St.  Law- 
rence counties,  and  on  the  6th  of  I'ebruary, 
1813,  he  was  superceded  by  the  appointment 
of  .Amos  Ik-nedict,  who  had  pre(eded  him. 
Events  conne(  ted  with  this,  led  to  some  sym- 
pathy for  him,  and  the  oftire  of  brigade  jiay- 
master,  which  had  been  tendered  to  .\lr.  I.ison 
P'airhanks,  was  by  him  dei  lined  in  favor  of 
Whittlesey,  and  he,  with  I'erley  Keyes,  be- 
came secnritv  for  the  honest  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  the  oflice.  .At  the  close  of  the  war 
a  large  amount  of  money  being  due  to  the 
drafted  militia,  for  servi(  es  on  the  frontier, 
Whittlesey  went  to  .\ew  York,  a<  companied 
by  his  wife,  to  obtain  the  money,  and  received 
at  the  Merchants'  Hank  in  that  city  §50,000, 
in  one,  two,  three,  five  and  ten-dollar  bills, 
with  which  he  started  lo  return.  .At  Schenec- 
nectady,  as  was  afterwards  learned,  his  wife 
reported  themselves  robl)e<l  of  $8,700,  an  oc- 
currence which  greatly  distressed  and  alarmed 
him.  but  she  advised  him  not  to  make  it  pub- 
lic  at  that    moment,   as   they  might    thereby 


belter  take  ste]is  that  might  lead  to  its  re- 
covery, ,uid  on  the  wa\'  home,  she  in  an  .irt- 
ful  .iiul  gr.ulu.il  tnanner  persuaded  him  th.it 
il  they  should  ri>]iort  the  robber)'  of  a  part 
ol  tin-  money,  no  one  woidd  believe  it,  .is  a 
thief  would  taki'  the  whole,  if  any.  In  short 
(lo  use  a  homely  proverb),  she  urged  that 
tluy  might  .!>  uell  "die  for  an  okl  sheep 
a>  a  lamb."  and  keep  the  rest,  as  they  would 
inevitably  be  accused  of  taking  .1  part.  Iler 
.utilice,  enlorced  by  the  necessities  of  the 
ca>e,  took  effc-ct,  and  he  suffered  himself  to 
become  the  dupe'  of  his  wife,  who  was  dcjubt- 
less  the  chief  contriver  wt'  the  movements 
whic  h  followed,      .\ccordingly,  on  his    return, 


he   gave   out  word   that 


mcmev  had   been 


]iiocurccl.  .uid  would  be  jiaid  over  as  soon  as 
the  necessarv'  iia])cTs  and  ji.iy-roll  could  be 
Jirepared.  In  a  few  days,  having  settled  his 
arrangements,  he  st.irted  for  'I'rentcui  on 
horseback,  with  his  portm.mteau  filled,  stcjp- 
]iing  at  various  places  on  his  way,  to  announce 
that  on  a  given  day  he  would  rc'lurn,  to  pay 
to  those  entitled,  their  clues,  and  in  several  in- 
stanc  es  ev  inced  a  c  arelessness  about  the  cus- 
tody of  his  baggage  that  excited  remark  from 
inn-keepers  and  others.  On  arriving  at  Hill- 
ings'tavern  at  Trenton,  he  assembled  several 
persons  to  whom  money  was  due,  ;ind  \no- 
ceeded  to  ])ay  them,  but  iipf)n  opening  his 
])ortmanteau,  he,  to  the  dismay  of  himself 
and  others,  found  that  they  had  been  ripi)ed 
open,  and  that  the  money  was  gone!  With  a 
jiitiable  lamentation  and  well-affected  sorrow, 
he  bewailed  the  robbery,  instantly  des|)atched 
messengers  in  cpiot  of  the  thief,  offered 
8-', 000  reward  for  his  apprehension,  and  ad- 
vertised in    staring  handbills   throughout   the 


nil.  will  1 1  i.i.si.y  AiiAih'. 


I5T 


(oimiry,  in  liopcs  of  f;ainiiig  ^oine  (  kw  that 
would  onalilo  liiiii  to  recover  liis  treasiui.-.  In 
tliis  aii\ict\  Ik'  was  joincil  by  hiindreiU  of 
others,  wlio  had  l)een  thus  indefinitely  ih'lased 
in  the  reieipt  of  their  needed  and  rij^hlfiil 
dues,  hut  allhouuii  tiiere  was  no  hu  k  of  /eal 
in  these  elforts,  yet  Ufjthin:;  ore  urred  upon 
which  to  settle  snspic  ion,  and  with  a  heavy 
heart,  and  many  a  siyh  and  tear,  he  returned 
home,  and  reliteii  to  his  family  and  friends 
liis  ruin.  As  a  natural  ( ()ns(i|uen<  e.  the 
ev(,nl  liK  ame  at  once  the  ah^orliiiiL;  theme  ol 
the  ( (iuntry,  for  threat  numbers  were  affected 
in  their  pecmiiary  cone  ems  hy  it,  and  none 
more  than  the  two  endorsers  of  the  sureties 
of  Whittlesey.  These  ;4enllemen,  who  were 
shrewd,  .jiractical  and  very  oh^ervinj^  men, 
immediately  began  to  interroj^ate  him,  singly 
an<i  alone,  into  the  c  ire  umstance  of  tlie  jour- 
ney and  the  robbery,  and  I'airbanks  in  jjar- 
ti(  ul.ir,  whose  trade  as  a  saddler  led  him  to  bo 
niimitelv  observant  of  the  i|ualities  and  ap- 
jieirances  ((f  Kalher.  made  a  careful  examin- 
ation of  the  in(  isions  in  the  i)ortmonteau.  o\ 
\vhi(  h  there  were  two,  tra<  in;4  upon  pajuT 
their  e\a(  t  si/e  and  shape,  and  upon  (lose  ex- 
amination, noticed  pin  holes  in  the  mari;in,  as 
if  they  had  been  mended  u]i.  I  pon  compar- 
iiiL;  the  accounts  which  eai  h  had  separately 
obtained  in  a  loiii^and  searching  conversatton, 
these  men  bei  ame  lonvinceil  that  the  money 
had  not  been  stohai  in  the  manner  alleged,  but 
that  it  was  still  in  the  possession  of  Whittle- 
sey and  his  wife.  'I'o  get  possession  of  this 
money  was  their  next  care,  and,  after  long 
consultation,  it  was  .igreeil  th.it  the  onlv  way 
to  do  this,  was  to  gain  the  confidence  of  the 
f.imily,  ,uul  defend  them  manfully  against  the 
insinuations  that  came  from  all  (piarters  that 
the  money  was  still  in  town.  In  this  they 
succeeded  admirably,  and  Irom  the  declar- 
ations whi<  h  they  made  in  i)ublic  and  in  pri- 
vate, whit  h  I'oiind  their  way  directly  ba(  k  to 
the  fimih'.  the  latter  were  ( (invin<ed  that, 
although  the  whole  world  were  against  them 
in  their  misfortunes,  yet  they  had  the  satis- 
faction to  know  tiiat  the  two  men  who  were 
the  most  interested  were  still  bv  their  side. 
To  gain  some  fact  thai  would  lead  to  a  knowl- 


edge of  the  place  of  dei)osil,  .Messrs.  i'aii- 
banks  and  Keyes  .igreed  to  listen  at  the  win- 
dow of  the  sleei)ing  room  of  tliose  suspected, 
which  w.is  in  a  i  haniber,  .md  overlooked  the 
roof  of  ,1  piazza.  Ai  c onliiiiily,  after  dark, 
(jne  would  call  upon  the  familv  ,ind  detam 
them  in  conversation,  while  the  other  mounted 
a  ladder  and  placed  himself  where  he  could 
overhear  what  was  said  within,  and  although 
they  thus  bec.mie  cominced  that  the  money 
w.is  still  in  their  possession,  no  opinion  could 
be  formed  about  the  hiding  plai  e.  Security 
upon  their  real  estate  w.is  tiemanded,  and 
re.idily  given. 

\  son  of  the  family  held  a  commission  in 
the  navy,  and  was  on  the  |>oint  of  sailing  for 
the  Mediterranean,  and  it  was  sus|)e<  teil  that 
the  money  might  thus  have  been  sent  off.  to 
ascertain  which,  N(r.  I'airbanks,  under  pre- 
text of  taking  a  criminal  to  the  .State  Prison, 
went  to  New  Vork,  made  imjuiries  which  sat- 
isfied him  th.it  the  son  was  innoi  ent  of  any 
knowle<lue  of  the  al'fair,  .md  ast  ertained  at 
the  bank  the  size  of  the  pack.iges  taken.  lie 
h.id  been  told  by  Whittlesey  that  these  had 
not  bei'ii  opened  when  stolen,  and  by  making 
ex|ieriments  with  blocks  of  wood  of  the  same 
dimensions,  thev  readily  ascertained  that 
biiiulles  of  th.it  size  could  not  be  got  through 
an  ajierture  of  the  size  reported,  and  that  in- 
stead of  a  seven  it  reipiired  an  eighteen-iiK  h 
slit  in  the  le:'.ther  to  allow  of  their  being  ex- 
tracted. Some  facts  were  gleaneil  at  .Mbany 
that  shed  further  light,  among  which  it  was 
noticed  til, It  Mrs.  Whittlesey  at  her  late  visit 
(although  very  penurious  in  her  trade)  had 
been  very  profuse  in  her  expenses,  .\fter  a 
ten-days' absence  Mr.  I'airbanks  returned;  his 
partner  having  listened  nights  meanwhile,  and 
the  intelligenie  gained  by  eves-dropping,  al- 
though it  failed  to  disi  lose  the  localit)  of  the 
lost  money,  contirinetl  their  suspi(  ions.  As 
goods  were  being  boxed  up  at  Whittlesey's 
bouse  at  a  late  hour  in  the  night,  and  the 
ilaughters  had  already  been  sent  on  to  Sack- 
ets  ll.uboi,  it  was  feared  that  the  family 
wcnild  soon  K'ave  ;  decisive  tn(;asures  were 
resolved  upon  to  recover  the  money,  the 
ingenuity  and    boldness  of  which   evince  th; 


152 


,•;  Sfvc/.A/A'  f'/    /•///•  >■/■  /..I n-A'/.vi/:  a7/v;a'. 


s,ii;at  ity  ami  cniTnv  nl  ilu'  |i.iitii'^.  Sdinc 
nictliod  to  (l(.'i  (ly  W  liiilli'^cy  Iidiii  lionu',  .md 
frinlitcn  liim  1)\  tliio.its,  mulilalion  or  t(ir- 
tiirc,  into  a  (  oiiti-^sion,  \va->  lli-.^'ll^>l•ll.  luit  .is 
llic  latter  might  laiiscaii  iiiuoiitiolhililc  lu'in- 
orriiago,  it  was  rtsoKiil  to  try  tlu-  rllVct  ot 
drowning.  Scinu-  c\iK-riinciils  ucii'  made 
on  thfir  own  |htsoiis,  nl  tlir  citic  t  ol  siilmiiT- 
sion  f)f  tlu-  head,  and  Dr.  Sherwood,  a 
|)hysician  of  the  vill,iL;r,  w.is  (dn-.idicd  on  the 
lillU'  lite  wouhl  remain  under  u.iter.  llaxini; 
ngrei-d  upon  a  iil.m,  on  the  evenmg  liefoie  its 
t'NL'c'iition,  they  re|iaire(!  to  a  loiulv  jilace 
about  a  mile  south  ot'  the  \illagi',  s(  reened 
from  the  sight  ol  houses  by  .1  gentle  rise  ol 
ground,  and  where  a  spring  issued  from  the 
bank  and  llowed  off  through  a  mir\'  slough, 
in  which,  a  little  below,  i1h'\  binll  a  d.uu  of 
turf  that  formed  a  shallow  ]i(iol.  It  uas  ar- 
ranged that  Mr.  I'',iii  banks  shoidd  e.dl  upon 
Wiiittlesey,  to  eonfe'r  with  him  on  some 
means  of  removing  the  sus|ii(  ions  whu  h  the 
public  had  settled  upon  him,  b\  obtaining 
certificates  of  <  haracter  lioin  leading  cili/eiis 
and  otlicers  of  the  arm\  ;  and  that  lue  two 
were  to  rejiair  to  Mr.  Reyes's  house,  which 
was  not  far  from  the  sjuing.  Mr.  Keves  was 
to  be  absent  repairing  his  fen(  e,  .md  to  leave 
word  with  his  wife  that  if  au\  one  iiupiired 
for  him,  to  send  them  into  the  lield  where  hi' 
was  at  work.  Neither  had  made  (onfnlants 
in  their  suspii  ions  or  their  iil.ms.  except  that 
Mr.  Keyes  th(uiglit  it  necess.irv  to  reveal 
them  to  iiis  S(jn,  I'.  ( lardner  Kt'\  cs,  ih<n  se\  en- 
teen  years  of  age,  whose  assistam  e  he  mi-ht 
need,  in  keejiing  up  appear. iiu  e-,  ,ind  in 
whose  sag.icity  and  luleliiy  in  keeping  a  secret 
he  could  rely. 

.Ai  cordinglv,  on  the  morning  of  [ulv  17th 
(1815),  .Mr.  Keyes.  telling  his  wile  that  the 
cattle  had  broken  into  his  grain,  shouldereil 
his  axe  and  went  to  repiir  the  fence  which 
was  thrown  down,  and  Mr.  Iviiibanks  (  ailed 
upon  Whittlesey,  engagrd  him  in  (  onversa- 
tion,  as  usual,  .ind  without  exiiting  the 
slightest  suspii  ion,  indin  ed  him  to  go  u])  to 
see  his  jiartner,  whom  the\  found  in  a  distant 
part  of  the  field  at  work.  Cilling  him  to 
them.    lhe\-    rep.iired     .is    if     casualh'     to     the 


spring,  where,  .ifler  some  trilling  remark,  tliey 
ex[ilu  itiy  charged  him  with  the  robbery,  gave 
their  re.isons  for  thinking  so,  and  told  hiiii 
tli.it  if  he  dill  not  inst.mlly  dis(  lose  the  Im  .d- 
it\  of  the  moiie\,  the  pool  before  him  slioukl 
be  his  gr.i\e.  This  sudden  .ind  unexpected 
(  li.irge  frightened  their  vi(  tiin;  but  with  a 
look  of  imiix  eiK  e  he  exclaimed,  ''  I  know 
nothing  of  the  mitler."  This  was  no  sooner 
said  til, 111  he  w.is  ru.lelv  seized  by  Mr.  Keyes 
and  plunged  he.ulforemost  into  the  pool,  and 
.ifter  some  se(  lUids  withdrawn.  lieing  ag.iin 
interrogated,  and  assured  that  if  the  money 
were  restored,  lu)  legal  pro( cedings  would  be 
instituted,  he  ag.iin  jirotisted  his  inno( cnce, 
and  was  a  sei-ond  time  plunged  in,  held  under 
se\er,ii  moments  ,ind  .ig.iin  withdrawn,  but 
this  time  insensible,  and  for  one  or  two  min- 
utes it  was  doubtful  whether  their  threats  had 
not  been  e\e<  iited;  but  he  soon  eviiK  ed  signs 
of  life,  .md  so  f.ir  recovered  .is  to  be  .ible  to 
sit  up  and  speak.  I'erliajis  nothing  but  the 
(ert.iin  knou  ledge  of  his  guilt,  which  they 
possessed,  would  li.ue  indiK  ed  them  to  pro- 
<  eed  further;  but  they  were  men  of  Ibinness, 
and  resolved  to  exhaust  their  resour(i-of  ex- 
|jedients,  riuhtlv  induing  th.it  a  guilty  con- 
si  ieiue  could  not  long  hold  out  against  the 
prospect  of  speeih  death,  lie  was  actord- 
iliLilv  .addressed  b\  .Mr.  K(\es  in  tones  and 
emphasis  of  sober  earnest,  .ind  exhorted  for 
the  Inst  time  to  s.ive  himself  from  being  hur- 
ried before  the  tribun.il  of  I  le,i\  en,  l.iden  wi>h 
guilt — to  disclose  at  oiu  e.  In  feeble  tones  he 
re-,isserted  his  innocenci',  and  w.is  again  col- 
lareil  .iiiil  |ilunged  in.  but  this  time  his  body 
onlv  uas  immersed.  It  had  been  agn'ed  in 
his  hearing,  th.it  I'.iirbmks  (being  without  a 
f.imilv)  should  rem.iin  to  arcomi)lisli  the 
uciik.  by  treading  him  into  the  bottom  of  the 
slough,  while  Keyes  was  to  retire,  so  that 
neither  < mild  be  a  witness  of  murder  if  appre- 
hended; .md  that  on  .1  given  day  they  were  to 
meet  in  Kingston.  Keyes  paid  over  about 
,$90  to  bear  <'xpenses  of  travel,  and  was  about 
to  lea\e,  when  the  wretched  man.  seeing 
these  serious  arrangements,  and  at  length  be- 
lieving them  to  lie  .111  .iwful  reality,  exclaimed, 
"I'll   tell  you   .ill   about    it'"     I'poti    this,  he 


////■;  will  III. i:si\   Ai  lAiu. 


153 


was  willidiawn,  iiul  wlicn  .1  little  ui ovi-rt'd,  IliitiliiiiMm  .md  Jolui  M.  Canfield,  the  facts, 
liL'  ( DiifisM'd,  lluit  all  t)iit  aliiiut  ^g.ooo  (wlii(li  and  with  tlu-m  repaired  to  the  iior.se  (if  Whit- 
he  now,  for  tlie  first  time,  stated  to  have  heen  llesev.  Seeing  tliein  approach,  Mrs.  Whittle- 
stolen  at  S<  heiiei  tady),  would  be  foiiiul  either  sey  tied  to  her  (  hainher,  and  on  their  kno<  kini; 
under  a  hearth  at  his  house,  or  (piilted  into  a  for  achnission,  she  replied  that  she  was  (  hanj;- 
pair  of  drawers  in  iiis  wife's  |)ossession.  Mr.  iiij^  her  dress,  and  would  meet  them  shortly. 
Keves,  leaving  his  prisoner  in  ciiari^e  of  his  As  it  was  not  the  lime  or  jihu  e  f<ir  the  observ- 
associate,  started  for  the  house,  and  was  seen  am  e  of  etiipiette,  Mr.  Keyes  rudely  burst 
by  his  wife,  comini;  acioss  the  fields,  covered  open  the  door,  and  entering,  found  her  re(  lin- 


i'  ' 


> 


TUr.    "  HON    VOY.Vr.F,       F.NTF.RINT,    AII-XANIiRIA    IIAV. 

with  mud,  and,  to  use  the  words  of  the  latter,  ing  on  the  bed.     Disregarding  her  expostula- 

"  looking  like  a  murderer;  "   and  although   in  ti(Uis  of  impropriety,  he   rudely  jiroceeded   to 

feeble   health,  and   s<arcely  able   to  walk,  she  search,  and  soon  found  between  the  straw  and 

met  hini  at  the  door,  and  iiKpiired  witii  alarm,  feather    bed,   upon  which   she  lay,   a   (luilteil 

"  What  have  you    been    doing?"     He   briefly  garment,  when  she  exclaimed  :      "  You've  got 

replied,  "  We  have  had   the  old  fellow   under  it  I     My  (lod,  have   I    come  to  this?"     The 

water,  and   made  him   own  where   the  money  drawers  bore  the  initials  of  (Nil.  Tuttle,  who 

is;  "and  hastily  proceeding  to  the  village,  re-  had  died  in  that  house,  under  very  suspicious 

luted  in  a  few  words  to  his  friends,  Ur.  I'aul  circumstances ;    were   fitted  with  two  sets  of 


J 


M4 


A  snm'FxiR  or-'  the  sr  r.^wRryrr  ri]t:k. 


l)nttiii)s,  for  citluT  thf  liii--li.iml  ni  wile  lo 
Wf.ir,  .111(1   1  ont, lined    alioiit    tliirtv    |i.ii(el>   nl 

\)\\\^,  l.ilH'lled,  "  I'm    im   (le.u    scm    C ,  J50 

of  5;   '  "  I'lir  my  d'.Mi   (l,in;^liter    1'^ .  150  of 

;,"  rl(.,  ,nniiunlin,L;  to  .Si^.ooo  In  luT  I'im' 
I  hililrcii;  llu-  riMiiiindi-r  lieiiii;  reserved  for 
her  own  use,  Tiie  i;,irmeiit  ;dso  coiitiiiiied  a 
iiio^i  e\i  r.mrdin.irv  dociiineiil,  wliicli  iiuj^lil  lie 
called  Her  Will,  and  abonl  wlii(  li  she  e\- 
|)rcsse(l  tile  ini)--!  iiriieni  soli(  ilude,  iiniilor- 
ing,  "I'iiat  voii  ha\e  <hildr(.n  as  well  as 
me  I  "  It  was  soon  after  |inl)lished  in  the 
papers,  and  was  as  I'ollows: 

"  I(  is  iin  last  .iiul  ilviim  rniucst,  ill. 11  iii\'  1  liililieii 
sliall  li.ive  .ill  iIh'  iiioiicv  thai  is  coiiLiiiieil  in  llic 
|i.i|iers  wliicli  liiivf  tlieir  n.iiiies  (in.  wliii  li  is  ijii.iMio 
fui  c.icli;  .iiul  111  llieic  lie  [Liiiis  .mil  cuiliuii,  .iml  a 
yre.il  lt'llv;lll  iif  liiilr  t.lken  Id  exi  li.iiii;(  it  ill.  tinil 
and  liiv  own  lieiil  knows  the  lilisiiy  I  li.m  sullcMil 
ill  c<ilise(|iieiirc  of  il  ami  tli.il  it  w.is  iijinh  au.iiiisl 
iiiv  will  th,\t  it  shoiilil  he  iloiie  I  li.ive  |iiit  all  thai 
is  in  the  same  h.iiik  bv  it,  tli.il  i  li.nl  fmin  priiileiico, 
.mil  .1  tfrt'.it  miiiilier  of  years  tieeii  jr.ilherinii  ii|i;  ami 
wlirii  I  iiseil  Id  im-ei  Willi  a  hill  on  ili.it  h.mk  in  your 
|pDssessiDii,  111  when  I  eoiihl.  I  used  to  i'\chani;e 
others  for  lluiii,  .is  I  sii|i|iosed  il  was  the  lust,  and 
Would  he  the  most  |ieriiiameiit  hank.  Ymi  know 
the  reason  of  voiirtakinu  ihis  w.is.  that  we  su|i|M)>.eil 
th.il  fioin  the  link  of  the  small  liiiiik  liein^  lirokeii, 
and  the  hirjie  one  heinn  all  louse,  .md  tlif  nails  out, 
that  we  were  rohbed  on  the  10. id  of  ijiS,  700.  You 
know  that  I  always  told  you,  tli.il  I  believed  it  was 
done  in  ihe  yard,  where  you.  as  I  told  you  then,  put 
the  wagon  iiiiprudeiitly  in  Schenei  lady.  <>lil  how 
much  niiserv.mi  I  horn  to  see.  ihroiii^h  all  your  im- 
proper conduct,  wliirli  I  am  foiced  to  Conceal  from  the 
view  of  the  world,  for  the  sake  of  my  beloved  oll'- 
s|jrini,'s'  credit,  ani.1  whereby  I  h.ive  gut  enemies  un- 
deservedly, while  ilie  publir  opinionwas  in  yoiirfavor! 
Hut  it  fullv  evimes  wli.it  f.ilse  iiidcments  the  world 
makes.  Oh'  the  liod  who  iiies  the  hearts,  and 
searches  the  veins  of  the  childieii  of  men,  knows 
that  the  kind  of  misery  whirli  I  have  snlfered,  and 
which  lias  riled  and  soured  my  temper,  and  has 
made  me  appear  cross  and  morose  lo  the  public  eve, 
has  all  (iroi  ei.ded  from  you.  and  I'lxed  in  my  coiinien 
aiice  the  mark  of  an  ill-natured  disposition,  wliii  |i 
was  naturally  formed  for  loves,  friendships,  and 
other  relined  sensations.  How  have  I  falsified  the 
truth,  that  you  misjlit  appear  to  every  advautane,  at 
the  risk  and  ill-opinion  of  the  sensible  world  towards 
myself,  when  my  conscience  was  telling  me  I  was 
doing  wrong;  and  wliich,  with  everything  else  that 
I  have  sufTered  since  I  have  been  a  married  woman, 
has  worn  me  down  and  kept  me   out  of  health;  and 


now,  oil'  now,  this  last  .III  is  liiinging  me  In  my 
gi.ive  fi«l.  1  coilseuled  In  •  .luse  vou  li.iil  pl.ici'd  me 
in  llie  siliialion  you  did.  In  the  lirst  pl.ice  vou  weie 
ilelini|uenl  in  Ihe  paymriit  10  ilie  goveiiimint  of 
ei^hleen  or  iiiii  leen  hiindted  doll.irs.  I'lieii  ihis.ij. 
most  >ii),iiDi)  I  lissing,  1  fiiiiiul  when  vou  c.iiiir  to 
settle,  lli.il  vou  iievei  could  m.lkc'  11  uood  williDiil 
s.ii-iilii-ing  me  and  my  ehildien,  w.is  ihr  le.isuii  I 
Coiisiiiled  10  llie  pioposal.  I  did  \ou  the  juslice  to 
believe  tli.it  the  l.isl  sum  had  not  bieii  missing,  th.ii 
vou  would  not  h,ive  done  as  you  did  hut  I  am 
iiiisei.ilile'  (ioil  gr.int  lh.it  my  ihir  rliildreu  111. ly 
never  f.ill  iiilo  the  like  error  tli.it  Iheii  f.ilhei  has, 
iiid  then  poor  iinfoiiiinite  mothei  1  ouseMted  to  ! 
M.iy  till-  Aliiiiuhty  foru'ive  lis  bulli.  tor  I  fieely  for- 
give you  .ill  vou  liavr  111. ide  me  sillier." 

The  money  lieiii^;  coiinteil,  and  to  their 
siirjirise  found  to  <  .nhraee  a  p.irt  of  the  sum 
su|i|iose(l  lo  lie  stolen,  Mr.  Keves  uelit  li.u  k 
lo  rele.ise  Whittlesey.  The  latter,  meanwhile, 
had  related  die  eirctimstaiu-es  of  tlu  roliliery, 
and  anxiously  imiuired  whether,  if  the  whole 
was  not  found,  they  would  still  exei  ute  their 
piirpose;  to  which  Mr.  i'airhanks  replied  in 
a  manner  truly  (haraeteristic,  "  that  will  de- 
pend on  (  in  umstanees."  No  one  w.is  more 
siirjirised  than  Whittlesey  himself,  to  le.irn 
tli.it  most  of  the  money  w.is  found,  and  lli.it 
he  had  been  robbed  at  Si  heneet.iih  bv  his 
own  wile.  He  bi'j^t^etl  hard  to  be  released  on 
the  spot,  but  it  was  feared  he  would  eonimit 
suicide,  .iiid  he  was  told  that  he  must  be  de- 
livered up  to  the  public  as  sound  as  lie  was 
taken,  and  was  led  home.  The  fame  of  this 
discovery  soon  spread,  and  it  w.is  with  diffi- 
culty the  xillagers  were  restrained  from  e\inc- 
iiij;  their  joy  by  the  discharge  of  cannon. 
,\lr.  Whittlesey  was  led  home  .md  jdaied 
with  a  guard  in  the  room  with  his  wife,  until 
further  scan  h  ;  and  here  the  most  bitter 
criminations  were  e\(  hanged,  each  charging 
the  other  witli  the  1  rime,  and  the  wife  uji- 
braiding  the  husband  with  cowardice  for  re- 
vealing the  secret.  'I'lie  guard  being  with- 
drawn in  the  confusion  that  ensued.  Mrs. 
Whittlesey  passed  from  the  house,  and  was 
seen  by  a  jierson  at  a  dist.ince  to  cross  the 
cemetery  of  'I'rinity  chunh,  where,  on  )iass- 
ing  the  grave  of  .1  son,  she  paused,  faltered 
and  fell  back,  overwhelmed  with  awful 
emotion  ;  but  a  moment  after,  gathering  nev.- 


1^ 


I  HI.  will  rri.i'.sEv  ai  i\ii<. 


»S5 


eiHTny,  slic  hasteiu-d  on.  rushed  iluwn  tlic 
hif^li  li.ink  near  thi-  ico-i  .ivc,  and  plunged  into 
tlic  ii\cr.  Ilir  l)()dy  wa^  t'oimd  tluatin^  near 
the  lower  l>ridj.'e,  and  ellorts  were  made  to 
recover  life,  i)iit  it  was  exiim  t. 

'I'iie  syniiKitiiies  of  the  ]ud)lic  were  not 
withheld  from  the  i  hildren  of  this  family, 
who  were  thus  cast  penniless  and  <lisgra.  cd 
upon  the  world.  Many  details  connected 
with  the  affair  we  have  not  given  ;  among 
which  were  several  attempts  to  throw  sus- 
pi(  ion  upon  several  parties  liy  depositing 
money  on  their  premises,  writing  anonvmoiis 
letters,  etc.;  which  served  hut  to  aggravate 
the  <  rime  by  betraying  the  existence  of  a  de- 
pravity on  the  |)art  of  the  chief  contriver  in 
the  scheme,  which  has  seldom  or  never  l)een 
e(pialed.  'I'he  marked  bills  amounting  to 
%i,oo  had  been  dropped  on  the  road  to  .Sack- 
ets  Harbor,  and  were  found  by  Mr.  dale,  who 
l)rudently  carried  them  to  a  witness,  counted 
and  sealeil  them  and  after  the  disclosure 
brought  them  forward.  Mr.  Whittlesey 
stated  that  he  expected  some  one  would  find 
and  use  the  money,  when  he  could  swear  to 
the  marks,  and  implicate  the  finder.  Mr. 
dale,  upon  hearing  this,  was  affected  to  tears, 
and  exclaimed:  "Mr.  Whittlesey,  is  it  pos- 
sible you  would  have  been  so  wicked  as  to 
have  sworn  me  to  State  Prison  for  being 
honest !  " 

Mr.  Whittlesey  remained  in  Wntertown 
nearly  a  year,  and  then  moved  to  Indiana, 
where  he  afterwards  be<ame  a  justice  of  the 
l)eice  and  a  county  judge,  and  by  an  exem- 
l)lary  lite  won  the  respe(  t  of  the  community; 
and  although  the  details  of  this  afl'air  billuwed 


him,  yet  the  (ensure  of  upniinn  lesled  upon 
the  wife. 

Congress,  on  the  iitli  ol  January,  iS.'i, 
passed  an  ait  directing  the  Sc(  retarv  ol  the 
'I'reasury  to  i  ancel  and  surrender  the  bond 
given  by  Whittlesey  and  endorsed  bv  lair- 
banks  and  Keyes,  on  condition  of  the  latter 
giving  another,  jiayable  with  interest  in  two 
years,  for  the  balam  e  remaining  ihkk counted 
ff)r  —  thus  virtually  (losing  up  a  business 
arrangement  which  had  been  a  continued 
occasion  for  anxiety  and  trouble  to  them 
through  successixe  \ears. 

In  speaking  of  the  Whiitlesev  matter,  to 
the  author  of  this  Ilistorv,  Mr.  Fairbanks 
said: 

before  we  ext'ciilcil  our  [l.TH  we  liad  (losiiive  cvi- 
deiKC  of  his  knowlfil^e  of  ttie  ir.iiisaciion  ami  of 
Ins  giiili;  and,  on  tlie  strenKlh  of  ih.U,  we  ilid  not 
expecl  lo  procecil  to  extremities  furllier  than  to 
fii({litt'n  him  until  he  infortned  us  where  tlie  inorie\ 
was  secreted.  Hut  his  sluliljorness  lield  out  much 
lotifjer  tli:in  we  supposed  il  would  oi  could.  When 
wc  put  the  evidence  of  his  jjuill  liefoi  him  in  such 
a  pl.iin  manner  his  looks  were  evidence  of  il.  We 
informed  him  that  there  was  no  doubt  .diout  il,  and 
I  liellevc  tliat  tlierc  is  not  one  c  asi  in  a  thousand 
wliere  evidence  w;is  so  p;dpable  .is  in  ihiscasi .  Hut 
l.vnch  I,nw  is  a  (lani:eroiis  one,  and  I  would  not  ad- 
vise il.  Hut  with  otlicr  Ruiliv  parties  who  have 
stolen  from  me  and  heen  delected,  I  lulicve  I  have 
used  more  mild  and  lenient  measures.  I  have  prob- 
ably caujiht  twenty  persons  pilferini;  from  me,  and  1 
have  always  made  ihem  i;ive  me  a  confession  in 
wriiinn.  and  then  promised  them,  that  ns  ihev  had 
rehiiives  who  woidd  be  disgraced  by  their  conduct, 
I  would  keep  it  a  profound  secret  until  they  commit- 
ted the  crime  an:iin,  when  I  would  prosecute  them. 
1  found  this  plan  the  surest  method  of  reforming 
them. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  M580 

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THE  "PATRIOT"  WAR. 


COPTEP    FROM    HADDOCK'h    HISTORY    OK    JKFKF.RSON    COUNTY,    N.    Y. 


^?^l^RIN(;  thefall  of  1837  there  occurred  one 
t>'  of  the  most  curious,  and  wliat  would  now 
be  classed  as  inexcusable  and  insane,  episodes 
that  Jefferson  county  and  the  whole  northern 
frontier  had  ever  witnessed — nothing  more 
nor  less  than  a  ])opular  effort  on  the  part  of 
American  citizens  to  overthrow  the  govern- 
ment of  Canada  by  an  unwarranted  invasion 
of  the  frontier  towns,  expecting  to  arouse  the 
IK'ople  to  immediate  ])articii)ation  in  the  re- 
bellious effort  as  soon  as  a  stand  should  have 
been  made.  Ridiculous  as  this  affair  appears 
at  this  day,  it  was  a  popular  and  an  enthu- 
siastic effort  at  the  time,  drawing  into  its 
service  many  educated  and  ajiparently  level- 
headed men,  and  meeting  with  an  amount  of 
smypathy  in  Northern  New  York  that  was 
really  astonishing. 

There  had  been  for  some  time  considerable 
discontent  in  Canada,  some  claiming  that 
they  were  virtually  shut  out  from  ])roper 
participation  in  the  government,  and  their 
repeated  efforts  to  obtain  better  legislation  had 
been  disregarded.  This  discontent  was  more 
pronounced  in  the  Lower  Province,  where 
the  French  Canadians  had  great  influence,  and 
had  never  in  thi.ir  hearts  yielded  a  loyal  sup- 
])ort  to  the  Eng'.ish  rule  over  a  country  which 
had  once  belonged  to  France.  It  was  said  at 
the  time  that  the  charges  made  by  the  Cana- 
dians against  their  rulers  were  greater  than 
the  causes  that  separated  the  American  colo- 
nies from  the  English.  The  Reform  party  in 
Parliament  of  the  Upper  Province  was  led  by 
William  Lyon  McKenzie,  and  Papenau  was 
the  leader  in  the  Lower  Province.     The  Home 


Government  sustainer'.  all  the  alleged  oppres- 
sive acts  of  the  local  government.  The  Re- 
form party  refused  to  vote  supplies  for  the 
support  of  the  government,  and  the  Parlia- 
ments were  dissolved.  The  excitement  had 
become  great  all  through  the  provinces,  ex- 
tending to  the  frontiers  on  this  side.  The 
l)arlianient  buildings  at  Montreal  were  burned. 
The  first  collision  between  the  Reform  parties 
and  the  Tories,  in  the  Ujjper  Province,  was 
on  Yonge  street,  Toronto,  where  several  were 
killed.  The  feeling  now  became  very  intense. 
The  reform  party  contained  many  determined 
and  resolute  men,  but  they  desired  relief  from 
British  oppression  through  peaceful  means. 
'I'hey  had  never  contemplated  a  resort  to  arms, 
but  the  feeling  in  both  provinces  was  aroused 
to  such  an  extent  that  it  could  not  be  peace- 
ably controlled.  The  feeling  for  the  "  relief  " 
of  Canada  seemed  to  pervade  all  classes;  secret 
societies  were  formed  in  the  principal  towns 
on  this  side  as  well  as  many  on  the  Canadian 
side  of  the  river.  They  were  called  Hunter's 
Lodges,  and  had  signs  and  pass-words  by 
which  they  could  recogni/e  each  other. 

In  the  summer  of  1837,  William  Lyon  Mc- 
Kenzie and  (icn.  Van  Rensselaer,  with  300 
men,  established  themselves  on  Navy  Island  in 
Canadian  waters,  between  Chippewa  and 
Grand  Island,  in  the  Niagara  river.  Rein- 
forcements came  to  Navy  Island  from  the 
American  side.  The  little  steamer  "Caro- 
line "  was  chartered  to  carry  |)assengers  and 
freight  to  the  island  from  Huffalo.  On  the 
night  of  November  29,  1837,  while  this 
steamer  was  moored  at  Schlosser's    wharf,  a 


I 


i 


THE  '•  I'ATRIOT"  WAR. 


157 


Ml 


J 


captain  in  the  English  army  with  a  company 
of  British  soldiers,  hoarded  her  and  set  her  on 
fire,  and  rutting  the  hoat  loose,  sent  her  adrift 
over  Niagara  Falls.  One  Captain  Alexander 
McLeod,  while  on  a  debauch  at  Niagara, 
made  his  boast  that  he  was  one  of  the  gang 
that  burned  the  Caroline.  He  was  arrested 
for  the  murder  of  Durfee.  His  trial  was  com- 
menced at  Canandaigua,  but  it  was  considered 
unsafe  and  he  was  removed  to  Utica.  His 
defense  was  that  he  acted  under  the  authority 
of  the  Uritish  government.  He  proved  an 
alibi  and  was  aciiuitted,  being  defended  by 
able  Canadian  lawyers.  The  outrage  was 
complained  of  by  Governor  Marcy  to  Martin 
Van  lUiren,  then  President  of  the  United 
States,  but  no  demand  on  the  British  govern- 
ment was  ever  made.  The  President  issued 
a  jjroclamation  forbidding  all  persons  from 
aiding  or  assisting,  in  any  way,  the  rebellious 
acts  of  any  people,  or  collection  of  people 
who  interfered  witii  the  execution  of  the  laws 
of  a  ♦'••iendly  nation,  declaring  all  such  persons 
outlaws  and  not  entitled  to  the  protection  of 
tile  American  government. 

Great  i)reparations  were  soon  made  for  an 
attack  upon  Kingston,  while  the  St.  Lawrence 
was  bridged  with  ice.  On  the  night  of  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1838,  the  arsenal  at  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  was  broken  into  and  400  stand  of  arms 
were  taken.  The  arsenals  at  Uatavia  and 
Elizabethtown  were  also  plundered.  On  the 
20th  of  February  patriots  began  to  flock  to 
French  Crepk  in  large  numbers  with  a  supply 
of  arms  and  ammunition,  consisting  of  1,000 
stand  of  arms,  twenty  barrels  of  cartridges  and 
a  large  store  of  provisions.  It  was  intensely 
cold,  and  the  men  suffered  from  exposure. 
General  Rensselaer  Van  Rensselaer,  a  son  of 
General  Van  Rensselaer,  of  the  war  of  181 2, 
was  to  assume  the  command.  Either  through 
tlie  cowardice  of  the  officers  or  the  men,  no 
man  saw  (Canadian  soil,  and  after  much  talk 
of  bravery  the  men  disjjersed  to  their  homes. 
It  was  rejjorted  that  Colonel  Bonnycastle,  at 
the  head  of  1,600  men,  was  coming  from 
Kingston  to  make  an  attack  upon  the  town, 
and  through  fear  and  of  the  loved  ones  at 
home,   the  patriots   scattered    without    much 


ceremony,  leaving  all  their  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion behind,  'i'iiis  tlight  homeward  was  as 
ridiculous  as  their  attemjjt  was  insane. 

On  tlienightof  May  30,  1838,  tiie  Canadian 
steamer,  Sir  Robert  Peel,  which  was  lom- 
manded  by  John  15.  Armstrong,  on  her  way 
from  Hrockville  to  Toronto,  with  nineteen 
passengers  and  about  ^20,000  in  specie  for 
[)aying  off  the  troo[)s  in  the  Upper  Province, 
was  taking  on  wood  at  McDonnell's  wharf,  in 
the  southern  channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
above  Alexandria  Pay,  when  a  company  of 
men,  led  by  "  Bill  "  Joiinston,  the  alleged  hero 
of  the  Thousand  Islands,  disguised  and  painted 
like  sr.vages,  armed  with  muskets  and  bayonets, 
rushed  on  board,  shouting,  "  Remember  the 
Caroline."  The  night  was  dark  a  \  rainy. 
The  passengers  (who  were  asleej)  in  the  cabin) 
togetiier  with  the  crew  were  ordered  on  shore. 
The  boat  was  then  pusiied  out  into  tiie  river 
and  burned.  The  sunken  hull  can  be  seen 
there  to  this  day.  Heavy  rewards  were 
ofTered  for  the  apprehension  of  the  offenders 
by  both  governments.  Twelve  of  the  band 
were  arrested  and  held  in  the  Watertown  jail 
for  about  six  months.  On  the  2d  of  June, 
Anderson  was  indicted  and  held  for  arson  in 
the  first  degree.  He  was  tried  before  John 
P.  Cushman,  one  of  the  circuit  judges,  and 
defended  by  Calvin  McKnight,  Benjamin 
Wright,  John  Clark  and  Bernard  Bagley. 
After  a  deliberation  of  two  hours  the  jury 
brought  in  a  verdict  of  "  not  guilty."  After 
a  time  the  others  were  released  on  their  own 
recognizance,  and  were  never  subjected  to  a 
trial. 

William  Johnston  wasboin  in  Lower  Canada 
and  became  a  confidential  friend  of  William 
Lyon  McKenzie.  He  became  a  leader  in  the 
Reform  party,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
French  Creek.  He  was  a  man  of  great  encrjj, 
and  bore  a  fair  reputation.  Johnston  was  now 
considered  the  patriotic  co  imand  'r,  and  a 
band  under  his  command  fortified  themselves 
on  one  of  the  islands  within  the  Jefferson 
county  line.  Hi,>  daughter,  Kate  Johnston, 
held  communication  with  them  and  furnished 
them  with  i)rovisions  and  supplies.  It  was  at 
this  time  that  Johnston  published  the  following 


h 


158 


,■/  sorr/:.\7A'  or  iin-:  sr.  i.awr/:.\c/-:  /ari-.R. 


i 


curious  manifesto — wiiicii  is,  so  far  as  tiic 
wriiLT  knows,  the  only  insuuuc  in  \viii<  h  an 
outlaw  had  the  "  check  "  to  declare  war  from 
his  place  of   hiding;  against  a  friendly  nation: 

"  I,  William  Joliiislon,  a  iialiiral  hmii  cili/cn  of 
I'ppor  Canada,  di)  hereby  declare  thai  I  hold  a  com- 
mission in  the  Patriot  sirviic  as  commander-in-chief 
of  the  naval  forces  and  llotilla.  I  coinmandi'd  tlie 
i'Xl>e(lition  (hat  captured  and  destroyed  the  Sir 
Rolicrt  Pci'l.  Thu  men  under  my  command  in  that 
expedition  were  nearly  all  natural  horn  En^^lish  sub- 
jects. Tlie  exceptions  were  volunteers,  My  head- 
quaiters  are  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence  without 
the  line  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  I'nited  Stales,  at  a 
place  named  by  me  Kort  Wallace.  I  am  well  ac- 
(liiainled  with  the  boundary  lini'  and  know  which 
of  the  islands  do,  and  wliich  do  not,  bclonj;  to  the 
I'nited  Stales.  He  ore  I  located  my  head(|iiarlers  1 
referred  to  the  decisions  of  the  commissioner  made 
at  L'tica.  under  the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  of 
(ihent.  I  know  tlic  number  of  the  island  and  know 
ih.it  by  the  division  of  the  commissions  it  is  Hritisli 
territory.  I  yet  hold  possession  of  the  station  and 
act  under  orders.  The  object  of  my  niovemeiit  is 
the  indi  pendence  of  the  Canadas.  1  am  nni  .u  war 
with  the  commerce  or  pro|)erty  of  the  I'nited  .'^i.ilrs. 
"Signed  tliis  loth  ilay  of  Juu''  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  one  thotisand  eii;ht  liun  Ircd  and  thiily-iit;ht. 
•■  WILLI.VM  JOHNSTON." 

'I'hc  cffei  I  of  ','  s  m.iiiifesto  was  i|aitc  im- 
portant, as  it  wi'  Jislrihuted  through  all  the 
provinces  and  in  all  parts  of  the  frontier  .Stales. 
The  excitement  along  the  frontiers  grew  more 
intense.  Sir  Allan  McN'ab,  the  governor- 
general,  fearing  for  the  safety  of  his  life,  had 
resigned,  and  in  returning  to  England  p.issed 
through  W'atertown  disguised  as  a  laborer. 
He  was  recognized  by  Jason  Fairbanks  while 
sitting  on  a  wheelbarrow  in  front  of  (lilson's 
tavern,  waiting  for  the  stage  for  I'tit  ,i.  ISeing 
advised  by  some  of  the  le.iding  men  th.it  he 
need  have  no  fear  of  danger  while  travelling 
through  the  States,  he  ch'.ngefl  his  disguise 
and  assumed  his  fortner  dignity.  I.(uil  Diir- 
li.un  succeeded  him  as  governor-general.  The 
secret  lodges  were  now  m, iking  large  additions 
10  their  meml)ership.  It  had  now  become 
eviilent  that  a  stand  was  to  be  made  some- 
where for  the  threatened  invasion. 

On  the  loth  of  November,  two  schooners, 
the  "Charlotte,"  of  Oswego,  and  the  "  Isa- 
belle,"  of  Toronto,  left  Oswego  with  arms  and 


aimnutiition  and  about  300  men  for  some 
C.inadian  jjoint  on  the  St.  I„iwrence.  The 
steamer  "  United  States  "  left  Oswego  on  the 
following  morning  for  the  satiie  destination, 
totiching  at  Sackets  Harbor  and  taking  on 
board  about  100  men,  besides  arms  and  am- 
munition. The  schooners  had  proceeded  as 
far  as  Millen's  15ay,  below  Cape  Vincent,  and 
the  steamer  "  United  States''  coming  up  took 
them  in  tow,  one  on  each  side.  'I'here  were 
now  about  500  men  on  board  the  boat,  all 
\oung,  destined  for  sotiie  point  known  to  but 
very  few,  if  any,  except  the  ofticers.  Tiicy 
were  fully  officered,  Cien.  J.  \Vard  Birge  hold- 
ing the  appointment  of  commander-in-chief. 
He  was  very  sanguine,  btit  his  subse([uent 
acts  made  him  conspicuous  as  a  coward. 
These  vessels  being  well  supplied  with  field 
pieies,  small  arms,  aiiMiiunition  and  provisions, 
started  on  the  morning  of  the  17th  of  Novem- 
ber, down  the  ri\cr.  When  passing  Alexan- 
dria liay,  Charles  Crossmon,  one  of  these 
"  patriots."  then  a  yoinig  man  of  twenty  years, 
full  of  p.-itriotic  im]Mtlses,  little  thought  that 
one  (l.i\-  at  this  point  a  beautiful  tourist  home 
should  bear  his  name. 

The  boats  s\ve[it  down  the  river  until 
.tbreast  of  I'rescott.  At  that  point  the 
schooners  were  detachetl,  and  dropped  down 
to  Windmill  Point,  about  a  mile  below  the  city, 
where  stood  an  abatuloned  windmill. 

In  trying  to  land,  the  schooners  ran  aground, 
one  near  the  point  and  the  other  farther  down 
the  river.  About  J50  meti  landeil  from  the 
schooners,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  guns 
and  ammunition,  together  with  one  twelve 
l)ounder  and  two  brass  seven  pounders  were 
brought  down.  They  then  took  possession  of 
the  windmill,  wliicli  they  held  with  three 
(jther  stone  buildings.  The  sc-hooners,  after 
getting  afloat  with  the  balance  of  the  men  ami 
ammunition,  sailed  for  Ogdensburg.  This 
lookec  rather  discouraging  to  the  men  in  the 
windmill,  to  see  these  schooners  leave  them 
with  many  of  their  men  and  nearly  all  of 
their  provisions  and  amtiuinition.  Colonel 
Worth  and  the  United  States  Marshal,  dar- 
ron,  afterwards  seized  the  vessels  and  all  of 
their  cargoes.      Prospects  began  to  darken  for 


\, 


i 


THE  ■■  IWTKIOT-  WAR. 


159 


the  Patriots.  Tliey  were  {k^crtcd  by  nearly 
all  of  theii'  oriiccis,  (Iciicral  liirgc  wilted  at 
the  first  chance  of  lacinj;  Hritish  bullets.  It 
happened  that  anionj;  the  i'atriol  band  was  a 
Polish  exile,  Nites  Sobelitcki  Van  Schoiilt/, 
who  came  from  Salina.  He  wasof  noljle  birth, 
his  father  beiiii;  an  officer  of  high  rank,  and 
he  himself  had  been  an  (jtfu  er  in  the  Polish 
service.  He  had  been  deluded  into  the  i)ro- 
ject  of  freeing  Canada   troin   "  tyranny  and 


river.  They  landed  at  Prcsrott.  It  was  now 
e\'ident  that  some  tigiiting  was  t(j  be  done. 
\'on  Schoult/  gave  j;reat  encouragement  to 
his  men,  ad\ising  them  to  brave  the  Hritish 
bidlets  and  stanil  by  each  other  to  the  last 
man.  They  agreed  to  follow  wherever  he 
should  lead. 

The  Hritish  steamers  were  now  i)alroiing 
the  river,  and  occasionally  firing  shots  at  the 
wind-mill.     One  shot  was  fired  at  the  steamer 


HAT-WINC,    SAII., 


oppression."  In  the  emergency  he  was  now 
placed  in  comm.ind.  It  had  all  along  been 
understood  that  as  soon  as  a  stand  w;as  made 
by  any  Patriot  force,  the  Canadians  would 
flock  to  their  standard.  In  this  thev  now- 
found  tliemselves  grossly  deceived  ;  not  a 
single  man  came  to  their  relief.  They  were 
looked  ui)on  as  brigands  and  robbers.  On  the 
morning  of  the  iSth,  three  Canadian  steam- 
boats, the  "  Coburg,"  the  "  I'",xi)eriment  "  and 
the  "  Traveller,"  with  about  400  regular  troops 
from    Kingston,  were  seen    coming  down   the 


"  I'nited  States"  while  in  .\nierican  waters 
jiassing  through  her  wheel  house,  killing  the 
man  at  the  wheel.  The  liritish  troops,  under 
Colonel  Dundas,  came  marching  from  Pres- 
colt  to  annihilate  the  i'atriots.  \ aw  Schoult/, 
marched  his  men  out  of  the  building  into  the 
field.  They  formed  in  line  behind  a  stone 
fence,  which  they  used  as  a  breast-work. 
The  Hritish  commenced  firing  when  about 
150  yards  away,  and  continued  their  firing  as 
thev  athanccd,  without  doing  any  iniurv. 
T'he    '•  Patriots  "    held     their    fire    until     the 


i6o 


A   S0(.r/:.\7A'   (^F    THE  ST.  LAWRESCE   RIVER. 


enemy  hail  .ulv.iiu  til  hi  witliiii  lillccii  rods, 
and  then  llicy  ^^ol  the  order  to  fire,  'i'his 
broad-side  resulted  in  killing  liiirty-six  liriiisli 
soldiers,  and  woundiiii;  many  others.  The 
British  fell  back,  but  the  firin';  lontiiuied  on 
both  sides.  This  was  followed  by  the  with- 
drawal of  the  "Patriots"  —  some  into  the 
wind-mill,  anil  others  occupyinj^  the  outhouses, 
but  conlinuiiii;  their  tire  at  loni;  raii_ne.  The 
cannon  shots  aimed  at  the  mill  j^lanced  olT 
and  |)roduced  no  etfect  upon  the  walls.  The 
battle  raged  three  hours  and  twenty  minutes, 
durin;;  which  time  six  of  the  Patriots  had  been 
killed,  and  twenty-one  wounded.  It  was  esti- 
mated that  seventy-five  of  the  British  lay  dead 
u[ion  the  field,  and  150  were  wounded. 
(.Colonel  Dundas  now  :,ent  a  fia^  of  truce,  ask- 
ing a  cessation  of  hostilities  for  an  hour,  that 
he  might  remove  his  dead  and  wounded,  which 
was  cheerfidly  granted  by  \"on  Schoult/. 

The  strife  was  watched  with  intense  interest 
by  a  large  crowd  of  ])eople  at  Ogdensburg, 
ilirectly  oiiposite.  The  river  now  being  clear, 
Hon.  Preston  King,  with  a  few  volunteers, 
chartered  the  '"  Paul  Pry  "  to  go  over  and  get 
the  Patriots  away  from  the  wind-mill.  'I'his 
was  done  probably  by  consent  of  the  British 
forces.  The  boat  went  over,  but  only  a  few 
of  the  men  chose  to  leave.  Jonah  Woodruff, 
the  artist,  afterwards  the  sleeping-car  inventor 
and  proprietor,  was  one  of  those  who  came 
away  on  the  "  Paul  Pry."  As  time  was  i)rec- 
ious,  the  night  dark  and  the  limit  of  tlie  truce 
uncertain,  the  men  in  the  mill  irresolute  and 
under  i)oor  military  subjection,  Mr.  King  and 
his  party  were  forced  to  leave  with  but  few, 
when  all  could  have  been  saved. 

.Vbout  10  o'clock  on  the  thiril  ilay  the 
British  regulars,  reinforced  with  about  1,000 
militia,  came  bearing  down  upon  this  almost 
defenseless  baud  in  the  oKI  mill.  They  had 
but  little  ammunition  left,  but  they  resolved 
to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  ]iossible.  The 
troops  continued  firing  their  cannon  antl  vol- 
leys of  musket  balls,  however,  without  peril- 
ous effect.  .\t  length  Von  Schoult/.  ordered 
a  cannon  loaded  with  musket  balls,  sjiikes  and 
pieces  of  iron  placed  in  the  door  of  the  mill, 
and   at   an    oi)i)ortune    moment    it    was   ilis- 


chargeil,  killing  twenty-live  of  the  British  and 
wounding  as  many  more.  Tiiis  threw  them 
into  confusion,  and  they  retreated. 

At  length  Von  Schoultz  saw  that  his  men 
coidd  not  stand  another  clhuge,  and,  with 
much  reluctance,  sent  out  a  (lag  of  truce,  the 
bearers  of  whi(  h  were  innnedialely  taken  pris- 
oners. They  then  tlisplayed  a  while  Hag  from 
the  to])  of  the  mill,  but  no  notice  was  taken  of 
it.  Towanls  night  Colonel  Dundas  sent  out 
a  llag  demanding  a  surrender  ot  the  men  at 
his  discretion.  Von  Schoultz  offered  to  sur- 
render as  prisoners  of  war,  but  Colonel  Dun- 
das would  grant  no  conditions.  Finally  the 
little  band,  finding  ojiposition  hopeless,  gave 
themselves  uj)  without  terms  into  the  hands  of 
the  British  commander. 

Thus  eiuled  one  of  the  most  foolish  and  ill- 
conceiveil  exjieditions  that  was  ever  under- 
taken. Nineteen  of  the  patriots  were  killed, 
thirty-five  were  wounded  and  about  190  were 
taken  jirisoners.  The  latter  were  placed  on 
board  the  steamers  and  taken  to  Kingston, 
where  they  were  (  on  fined  in  Fort  Henry.  It 
was  estimated  that  about  125  of  the  British 
were  killed  and  200  wountled. 

The  prisoners  were  confined  in  scpiads  of 
fifteen  to  twenty  in  small  rooms  in  the  fort, 
and  placed  under  a  strong  guard.  Sir  Cieorge 
.\rthur  had  decided  that  they  were  brigands 
and  must  be  tried  by  a  court  martial,  to  be 
composed  of  seven  field  officers  and  seven 
ca|itains  of  the  line. 

The  serious  condition  of  these  prisoners 
excited  the  sympathy  of  the  pef)ple  of  Jeffer- 
son county  as  well  as  of  their  friends,  and 
meetings  were  held  in  all  the  towns  under 
great  excitement,  petitions  being  circulated 
far  and  wide  ami  extensively  signed.  These 
were  presented  to  Sir  C.eorge  Arthur,  the 
governor-general,  asking  clemency  for  these 
poor  deluded  victims.  The  best  legal  talent 
in  the  State  volunteer  :d  their  aid  in  defence 
of  the  prisoners,  and  in  mitigation  of  their 
condition.  William  H.  Seward,  Philo  Cirid- 
ley,  Hiram  Denio,  Joshua  .\.  Sjjencer,  Bernard 
Bagley  and  George  C^  Sherman,  all  united  and 
used  their  best  efforts  in  ajipealing  to  the 
governor-general  for  clemency. 


I 


% 


1 


THE  '■  PATRIOT  •  II'. IK. 


l6i 


The  court  convened  on  the  sStli  of  Novem- 
bci ;  Daniel  (leorge  being  tlie  first  prisoner  to 
he  tried,  pleaded  not  guilty.  When  he  was 
t.iken  from  tlie  steamer,  papers  were  found  in 
his  pockets  coinmissioiiing  iiim  as  paymaster 
of  the  eastern  division  of  the  Patriot  army. 
\'()n  Schoiilt/  was  then  brought  before  tiie 
court  for  trial.  lie  employed  the  barrister, 
Sir  John  McDonald,  to  aid  him  in  his  defense. 
He  pleaded  guilty,  lie  sent  a  written  ajipeal 
t(j  the  governor-general,  in  wiiich  lie  stated 
th.'t  he  was  deluded  into  joining  in  the  inva- 
sion of  Canada  by  the  gross  misrepresenta- 
tions of  such  men  as  J.  Ward  Itirge  and  Will- 
iam I, yon  McKen/.ic,  who  claimed  to  know 
tile  sentiment  and  wishes  of  the  jieople  of 
(Canada,  and  that  they  would  be  received  with 
open  arms.  Also,  that  the  militia,  when 
called  <3Ut,  wou'd  tlock  to  their  standard.  All 
of  \vhi(  li  proved  to  be  a  base  delusion.  He 
a^ked  for  mercy  at  his  haiuls.  livery  means 
of  inlluence  which  coidd  be  brought  to  bear 
ii|)on  the  governor-general  by  such  men  as 
Judge  r'ine,  Silas  Wright  and  a  iiost  of  others, 
could  not  change  his  determination  of  execut- 
ing all  the  otficers  and  leaders. 

I  )orepluis  .\bbey,  a  former  newsjjaper  editor 
of  Watertown,  was  the  next  to  be  tried.  He 
was  captured  while  carrying  a  flag  of  truce, 
and  was  next  in  rank  to  Von  Schoultz.  Next 
was  Martin  Woodrutf.  .Ml  of  these,  after 
trial,  namely  :  Daniel  (ieorge,  Nicholas  \'on 
Schoult/,  Dorepluis  Abbey  and  Martin  Wood- 
ruff were  sentenced  by  Sir  (Ieorge  Arthur  to 
be  hanged,  and  this  sentence  was  carried  out 
December  .Slh.  \'on  Schoultz  made  his  will, 
giving,  among  his  many  be<|uests,  ,'S;io,ooo  for 
the  benefit  of  the  families  of  the  British 
soldiers  who  were  killed  at  the  battle  of  the 
Windmill.  He  also  wrote  the  following  ])a- 
thetic  and  farewell  letter  io  his  friend,  W^irren 
Green,  of  Syracuse: 

"  DiAK  rKiKMi.  — When  you  «',(  this  letter,  I  shall 
be  no  more.  I  have  been  inliirmed  liiat  my  execu- 
tion will  lake  place  lo-morrow.  Mav  (iod  forgive 
llieni  who  brought  nie  to  this  untimely  death.  Hard 
as  my  fate  is,  I  have  made  up  my  mind  to  forgive 
them,  and  do.  I  have  been  promised  a  lawyer  to 
write  my  will  —intend  lo  appoint  yon   my  executor. 


ileliveced  to  yuii  and  buind  un  ymii  farm.  I  have 
no  time  to  wiitc  more  becmse  I  have  great  need  ot 
lominunicating  wuh  my  Cieator  to  prei)are  nivself 
for  His  presence.  The  time  allowed  me  for  this  Is 
short.  .My  last  wish  to  the  .Americans  is.  that  tin  v 
will  not  think  of  avenging  my  de.Uh.  Let  no  fuither 
lilood  be  shed.  .-Vnd  believe  me,  fiuin  what  I  have 
Seen,  all  the  stories  which  were  told  of  the  siilleiings 
of  the  Canadian  people  were  untrue.  (Jive  my  love 
lo  youi  sister,  and  tell  her  that  I  think  of  her  as  I  do 
of  my  own  mother.  M.ay  (jod  rew.ird  her  for  her 
kindness.  I  further  beg  of  yon  to  take  care  of  W.  j. 
so  that  he  may  lind  honorable  bread.  Farewell,  my 
dear  friends.  May  God  bless  you  and  (irotect  yon. 
"  Deceiiihcr  1 8. 

"N.  VON  .SCIIOLLT/.." 

Joel  Peeler  and  Sylvanus  Sweet  were  exe- 
cuted, Janu.try  II,  icS^rj.  Sylvester  I,awlon, 
Duncan  .Anderson,  Christopher  lUicklcy,  Rus- 
sell Phelps  ami  I.yman  H.  Lewis  were  sent  to 
the  scaffold,  Febrtiary  ii.  They  were  fol- 
lowed by  Martin  \'an  Slyke,  William  O'Neal 
and  James  Cummings.  The  otticers  now 
having  all  been  dealt  with,  they  made  quick 
work  trying  the  men  under  them.  The  pris- 
oners were  brought  into  court  in  s(piads  of 
from  ten  to  fifteen,  aiul  asked  a  few  ((uestions, 
and  were  then  returned  to  their  quarters. 
They  all  expected  that  their  doom  was  sealed, 
and  were  anxiously  awaiting  their  death  war- 
rants. Putt  a  powerful  inlluence  was  brought 
to  bear  upon  ("lOvernor-General  .Arthur,  and 
he  finally  decided  that  there  would  be  no  more 
executions,  and  went  so  far  as  to  say  that  a 
number  of  them  would  be  pardoned.  The 
court  had  adjourned  from  January  4th  to 
February  26th.  The  prisoners  were  allowed 
10  receive  visits  from  their  friends,  but  under 
close  guard.  On  the  8th  of  .April  the  steamer 
"  Commodore  Harry "  arriveil  at  Sackets 
Harbor  with  twenty-two  prisoners,  pardoned 
by  the  governor-general.  And  on  the  27th 
of  .'\pril,  thirty-seven  more  pardoned  jirisoners 
arrived  at  the  same  place.  .Ml  released  were 
under  twenty-one  years  of  age.  The  balance 
of  the  men  remained  in  the  fort  all  summer, 
uncertain  as  to  their  fate,  whether  they  would 
be  pardoned  or  banisherl.  On  tlie  17th  of 
September,  1S39,  orders  were  given  to  prejiare 
for  dcp.irture,  and    ninety-five  of   them   were 


If  the  Uriiish  government  [lermits  it,  I  wish  my  body      heavily   ironed,   placed    in    canal    barges   and 


1^2 


,;  so('r/:.\7A'  (>r  riii-:  sr.  lawrewe  rivek. 


l.ikcn  to  Montreal,  and  lluii'.  with  anollicr 
lot  of  |ii  i^oncrs,  niakinjj;  ahoiit  i  so  in  all,  wi-ri' 
|iut  on  board  tlu'  ship  "  liiiffilo,"  bouml  lor 
\'aii  Dicinan's  Island. 

i'L'briiary  13,  iH.)o,  alter  an  nncvcntliil 
\-oyagL',  tlu-y  landed  in  the  harbor  of  Hobart 
Town.  After  the  insjieetor  had  taken  a  dc- 
seriiitioii  of  tiieni,  the  ^(j\ernor,  Sir  John 
franklin,  who  afterwards  died  diiriiii;  a  \ci)- 
age  of  (.'Xploration  to  the  Arclii  renion,  (  ame 
to  see  them,  and  after  looking  tin  in  over. 
r(.'ad  their  sentence,  which  was  banishment 
for  life.  He  was  happy  to  learn  of  the  <.ip- 
tain  of  the  "  lUiffalo"  thai  they  had  beha\ed 
remarkably  well  during  the  voyage,  lie  also 
informed  them  that  they  would  be  phu  ed  at 
hard  labor  on  the  ijublic  roails  with  other 
c:on\icts,  and  that  with  good  belunior,  after 
three  \e.irs,  they  woidd  be  granted  tickets  of 
leave,  which  wonld  give  ihein  the  Idierty  of 
the  island. 

.\fter  three  years  of  this  service,  lliey  were 
granted  tickets  of  leave,  but  were  1  oidined 
within  certain  limits,  and  obliged  to  report  at 
the  station  every  S.itnrday  night.  If  thev  so 
desired,  they  coidd  be  changed  from  one  dis- 
trict to  another.  The  deliverance  from  the 
he. ivy  work  they  had  hitherto  endureil  was  a 
blessing,  and  gave  them  new  life.  .\  rew.ird 
of  .1  pardon  and  free  jiassage  to  .\nierica  hav- 
ing been  offered  by  the  governor  to  any  of 
the  convicts  who  would  <  ajiture  some  bush- 
rangers who  were  infesting  the  island,  W. 
Gates,  Stephen  Wright,  .V.iron  Dresser  and 
(leorge  Brown  succeeded  in  discovering  the 
hiding-i)lace  and  capturing  twof)f  the  range';;. 
They  were  pardoned,  and,  after  a  long  voy- 
age, returned  to  .\merica,  having  served  l'i\c 
years  of  a  convict's  life. 

In  September,  i<S45,  the  governor  com- 
menced to  deal  out  ]iardons  of  ten  and  fifteen 
at  a  time.  He  thought  it  not  cpiite  safe  to 
liberate  too  many  at  once.  During  the  year 
i<S46.  all  of  the  ("anadian  jirisoners  had  re- 
ceived pardons  excei^ting  some  few  whose 
behavior  did  not  entitle  tliein  to  such  a  re- 
ward. 

Thus  ended  the  Patriot  war.  It  was  not 
without     some      beneficent     results     to     the 


("anadas,  for  the  home  government  granted 
them  a  new  (  li.irter,  by  which  the  jirovinces 
were  united  into  .1  dominion  with  a  p.irlia- 
meiit.  The  Tories  were  defe.ited  in  the  p.ir- 
liament,  and  the  Reform  party,  after  driving 
tliein  from  ]iower,  assumed  control  of  the 
St, lie.  I'"\en  the  oull.iw,  Willi, iin  I, yon  M( - 
Keii/ie,  was  restored  to  (  ili/eusiiip,  and  w,is 
lor  m.my  years  a  member  of  p.irliament,  and 
the  premier  of  the  government.  .\  1  urious 
phase  of  the  I'.itriot  troubles  w.is  ihe  effect  on 
the  ]iolilical  heads  of  N'.itiona)  and  State 
governments.  rrcsidiait  \'.ni  I'.uren  and 
( io\  el  nor  Marcv  wi.re  both  sciundly  denouiu  ed 
by  m.iny  newspapers  f'/r  performing  their 
duty  in  enfori  ing  the  neulralily  laws,  and  lost 
many  votes  in  the  fronlier  St.ites.  Marc  y  w.is 
succeeded  by  Sew.ird,  and  on  tlie  day  ihe 
election  of  Harrison  was  annouiu eel  in  Wash- 
iiv^lon,  the  bovs  shoiiled  about  ihe  White 
I  louse  the  refr.iin  :  "X'.in!  V.in  !  is  .1  used-up 
num."  And  e\en  ('leneral  Scott  atlributeil 
his  f.iilure  to  receive  the  Whig  nomination  at 
tile  Ilarrisburg  N.ition.il  Convention  Icj  the 
in.uhinations  of  Col.  Solomcm  \'an  Reiisse- 
l.ier,  .1  delegate  from  New  \'ork.  who  held  .i 
spite  against  Ciener.il  Scott  for  ha\ing 
"sipielched"  his  son,  the  gener.il  in  com- 
mand at  Xa\y  Island.  1.  .v.  11. 

During  the  "  I'.ariot"  war,  W.itertown  and 
llie  adioining  tcjwns  were  tilled  with  ex- 
|ialri.iled  ''Patriots''  who  h.ul  lied  from 
C'.m.ida  to  avoid  arrest  and  imprisonment  for 
alleged  treason.  Waterlown  being  the  head- 
cpiarters  of  the  C'anadian  leaders,  William 
I, yon  MeKen/ie,  Van  Reiir^selaer,  and  others, 
were  located  at  the  old  stone  Mansion  House, 
kept  by  I.uther  Ciilson,  on  the  site  of  the 
liresent  Iron  block.  The  old  hostelr\-  was 
crowded  with  ihe  patriots.  During  the  early 
winter  of  1S38,  the  then  governor-general  of 
U])|)er  Canada,  who  had  been  recalled  from 
his  position  by  the  Pritish  government,  was 
ordered  to  return.  This  notable  official  was 
Sir  l''rancis  liond-Head,  an  ex-ofticer  of  the 
British  army,  and  thoroughly  despised  in 
Canada.  Wishing  to  reach  N'ew  York  to  sail 
for  England,  he  undertook  to  make  the  jour- 


■5 
\ 

i 


rilE  "PATRIOT-  WAR. 


'6,^ 


j^litcwd    kilow.      Alter  .1    short 


ncy   by   ->t.it;c   to    Utici  vi;i  W'.itirtown.      Not 

desirous  of   nut  ;ini;  his   expalrialed  sulijccts  lime,  S(  anion  noti(  ed  that  the  \alet  was  iiiiss- 

for  fear  of  reionnition  and    jiossilile  insult,  he  ingt  and    his  susjiicions  were  aroused,  so  he 

determined  to  pass  liiron^h  incognito.      Leav-  bej^an    to    iuint  iiini    iii).      After   hiokinj;  hii^h 

ing  Kingston   during  the   night,  accompanied  and   low    and  all    aroimd   the    public    scpiare 

by  a  |irominent  <  iti/cn  of   that  city,  to  whom  without    finding   iiim,  he   continuetl  to   sean  h 

he    acted    the    part    of  valet   (or   geiuleman's  elsewhere,    and    at    last    found    the    lost    valet 

gentleman),  he  arriveil  safeU' next  morning  by  cosily    sitting    on 
waiion  anil  diixi'r,  hiied  as  an  "extra."     'The 


driver,  not  beiiiji  informed  as  tu  the  quality  or      general, 


wheelbarrow     near    the 
stables.      Walking    u|)    to    the    Lite    governor- 


le    recogni/ed  him   at   once,      intro- 


5lr.NAI.INr,    THF,    "NOUrU    KINi;,"  OF    rUK    CANADIAN    LINK. 


rank  of  his  i)assengcrs,  dro\e  str. light  to  ihe 
Mansion  Mouse,  and  landed  his  man  at  the 
luachiuarters  of  his  enemies.  It  was  just 
after  tlie  breakfast  hour,  and  the  lobby  was 
filled  with  the  Patriot  community,  wIkj  recog- 
nized the  Kingston  citizen  and  greeted  him 
cordially,  but  did  not  recognize  the  valet, 
who  discreetly  kept  in  the  back  ground. 
I'rominenl  among  the  I'atriot  leaders  at  the 
hotel  was    Hugh    Scanlon,  an   Irish-Canadian, 


ducing  himself,  Scanlon  invitetl  him  to  break- 
f.ist  anil  to  meet  his  late  sidjjects,  assuring 
liim  that  he  would  be  welcome,  and  receive 
every  courtesy  due  his  rank.  The  governor 
accepted  the  invitation  and  came  forward. 
He  was  met  by  all  in  a  c:ourteousand  friendly 
way,  and  was  assisted  in  his  arrangements  for 
departure.  He  left  town  in  a  coach  and  four, 
with  cheers,  and  without  a  single  uncompli- 
mentary remark,  .\.  j.  v. 


MR.  JOHN  A.  HADDOCK'S 

CELEBRATED    BALLOON    VOYAGE    WITH    PROFESSOR    LA    MOUNTAIN. 


i  : 

'  i  ■ 


IT  is  now  about  tliirt '-five  years  since  the 
I  imdeisi^nLcl  made  li,c  ;".'."..ioral)le  balloon 
voyaj;e  with  Professor  LaMoiintain  —  a  vo\  aj;e 
intended  to  be  short  and  |.]easani,  but  which 
resulted  in  a  lonjj;  and  most  disastrous  one. 
entailint;  the  loss  of  the  v  iluable  balloon,  and 
seriously  endangerin,^  ilu'  lives  of  the  travel- 
lers. Since  then,  LaMountain,  after  serving 
through  the  great  rebellion,  has  made  his  last 
"  voyage,"  and  has  entered  upon  that  exist- 
ence where  all  the  secrets  of  the  skies  are  as 
well  defined  and  understood  as  are  the  course 
of  rivers  here  on  the  earth. 

To  fully  understand  my  reasons  for  making 
the  tri|),  some  leading  facts  should  be  pre- 
sented : 

I.  There  had  been,  all  through  the  year 
1X59,  much  excitement  in  the  public  mind 
upon  the  subject  of  ballooning.  In  August 
of  that  year,  I  returned  from  Labrador,  and 
found  that  the  balloon  Atlantic,  with  Wise, 
Hyde,  (iaeger  and  LaMountain,  had  been 
driven  across  apart  of  Lake  Ontario,  whileon 
their  great  trip  from  St.  Louis  to  New  York 
city,  and  had  landed  and  been  wrecked  in 
Jefferson  county,  N.  V.,  and  the  i)eople  of 
that  whole  section  were  consequently  in  a 
state  of  considerable  excitement  upon  tliesub- 
j(;ct  of  navigating  the  air.* 


■^  'I'lie  Wise  named  above  w.is  the  celebrated  ;imo- 
naiit,  Professor  John  Wise,  of  Lancaster,  P.i.;  and  I 
Mi.ay  here  remark  that  the  trip  made  by  him  and  liis 
associates  is  by  far  the  longest  on  record.  Leaving 
St.  Louis  at  .nboiu  4  i'.  m.,  they  passed  the  whole 
night  in  the  air,  were  carried  across  tlie  States  of 
Illinois,  Indiana,  a  portion  of  Ohio  and  Micliigan, 
over  the  whole  nortlnvestern  breadth  of  Pennsylva- 


2.    I  had  heard  of  otlier   newspaper  editors 
making  tri[)s  in  balloons,  had  read  their  glow- 
ing acctnints,  and  it  seemed  to  me  like  a  verv 
cunning   thing.      Desiring   to   enjoy  "  all    that 
was   a-goiiig,"   1    n.iturally    wanted    a    balloon 
ride,  too,  and   therefore  concluded   to  go,  ex- 
|)ecting  to  be  absent  from  home  not  more  than 
ten   or   twelve   hours  at   the    longest,    and  to 
have  a  good  time.      Deing   a   newspaper  man, 
and   always  on  the  alert  for  news,  I  had  also 
a  natural  desire  to  do  all  in  my  powt'r  to  add 
to   the  local   interest   of  my   journal,  and   for 
th-1   reason    felt  a  willingness   to  go  through 
with  more  fatigue  and  hazard  t'lan  men  are  ex- 
pected to  endure  in  ordinary  business  pursuits. 
.S.   I   felt  safe   in  going,  as  I    knew  that  La- 
Mountain    was    an     intrepid    and    successful 
aeronaut,  and    I  thought  his  judgment  was  to 
be  deijcnded  upon.      How  he  was  misled  as  to 
distance,  and  how  little  he  knew,  or  any  man 
can  know,  of  air  navigation,  the  narrative  will 
re.adilv  demonstrate. 


nia  ami  .New  Voric,  and  were  at  last  wrecked  in  a 
hiiue  tree  top  near  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  at 
about  3  p.  M.  the  next  day,  escajiin^  with  sin-ere 
bruises,  hut  witliout  broken  bones,  after  a  journev 
of  eleven  hundred  miles.  These  adventurers  did 
not  travel  as  fast,  nor  encounter  the  perils  that 
awaited  us,  but  they  made  a  lonjjer  vo\aj;e.  It  was 
with  this  same  balloon  Atlantic  that  l.aMnuntain  and 
myself  made  our  trip;  but  it  had  been  reduced  one- 
third  in  size,  and  was  as  jiood  as  new.  [olm  Wise 
afterwards  lost  his  life  in  a  balloon,  but  just  where 
he  perished  was  never  known.  Gaegerwas  a  maiui- 
facturer  of  crockery,  and  he  died  in  Massaihusetls. 
Hyde  is  publishing  a  newspaper  in  one  of  the  w<st 
ern  States.  I^aMountain  died  in  his  bed  at  Lansing- 
Inirgh,  N.  Y.,  about  1SS4. 


V- 


I 


!\TR.   /(1//.\   ./.   IIAnnnCKS  CEl.EliRATED    HM.I.OOX  VOV AGE. 


ir,5 


With  ilicsL'  f\|ilan,iiioiis.  I  will  iirocuud  with 
my  Diij^inal  ii:u  I'.ilivc,  nearly  as  written  nni  at 
thr  tiine. 

NiMily  I'verv  oiic  in  Walcrtown  is  aware 
that  the  sc<()n(l  ascension  of  the  halloon  At- 
lantic was  a(l\ertise(l  for  the  20lh  of  Seiileni- 
her.  1.S59.  The  storm  of  that  aiul  the  follow- 
inj;  (lay  ohlij^ed  the  ijostponenient  of  the 
ascension  until  the  22(1.  l'",\ery  arrangement 
had  lieeii  made  for  a  snccessfnl  inllation,  and 
at  27  minutes  before  6  i'.  m.,  the  glad  words 
''all  aboard  "  were  hoard  from  l.aMountain, 
and  that  distinguished  ;eronaut  and  myself 
ste|)ped  into  the  car.  Many  were  the  friendly 
liiinds  we  shook — many  a  fervent  "(lod  bless 
yoii,"  and  "  hajipy  voyage,"  were  uttered  — 
and  many  handkerchiefs  waved  their  mute 
adieus.  "  I, el  go  all,"  and  away  we  soared  ; 
in  an  ii. slant  all  minor  soiuids  of  earth  had 
ceased,  and  we  were  lifted  into  a  silent 
sphere,  whose  shores  were  without  an  echo, 
their  silence  e(|ualed  only  by  that  of  the 
grave.  \o  feeling  of  trepidation  was  ex|)eri- 
euced  ;  an  exr  aordinary  elation  took  posses- 
sion of  us,  and  fear  was  as  far  reiuoved  as 
though  we  hail  been  sitting  in  our  own  rooms 
at  home. 

Two  or  three  things  struck  me  as  iicculiar 
in  looking  down  from  an  altitude  of  half  a 
mile  :  the  small  appearance  of  our  village 
from  such  a  height  and  the  beautiful  mechani- 
cal look  which  the  straight  fences  and  oblong 
sipiare  fields  of  the  farmers  |)resent.  As  we 
rose  into  the  light,  lleecy  clouds,  the)'  looked 
between  us  and  the  earth  like  patches  of  snow 
we  see  lying  upon  the  landscape  in  spring- 
time ;  but  when  we  rose  a  little  higher  the 
clouds  completely  shut  out  the  earth,  and  the 
cold,  white  masses  below  us  had  i)recisely  the 
same  look  that  a  mountainous  snow-covered 
country  does,  as  you  look  down  u|)on  it  from 
a  higher  mountain.  Those  who  have  crossed 
the  .Alps  —  or  have  stood  upon  one  of  the 
lofty  summits  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  gazed 
down  upon  the  eternal  snows  below  and 
around  them,  will  be  able  to  catch  the  idea. 
In  six  minutes  we  were  far  above  all  the 
clouds,  and  the  sun  and  we  were  face  to  face. 
We    saw   the    time   after  that   when   his   face 


would  have  been  very  welcome  to  us.  In 
eight  nunules  after  leaving  the  earth,  the 
thermometer  showed  a  fall  of  24  degrees.  It 
stood  at  tS4  when  we  left.  The  balloon  ro- 
tated a  gooil  deal,  proving  that  we  were  as- 
cending with  great  rapidity.  At  5:48  the 
thermometer  stood  at  42,  and  failing  very 
fast.  .\t  5:50  We  were  at  least  two  miles  high 
—  thermometer  34. 

An  unpleasant  ringing  sensation  had  now 
become  painful,  and  I  filled  both  ears  witli 
cotton.  At  5:52  we  put  on  our  gloves  and 
shawls  —  thermometi'r  ,52.  The  wet  sandbags 
now  became  stiff  with  cokl  —  they  were 
frozen.  Ascending  very  rapidly.  .\t  5:5.^ 
thermometer  2.S,  and  falling.  I  lere  we  caught 
our  last  sight  of  the  earth  by  ila\light.  1 
recognized  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  southwest 
of  us,  which  showed  we  wiTe  ilrifting  nearly 
north.  .\t  6  o'clock  we  thought  we  were  de- 
scending a  little,  and  l.aMountain  directed 
me  to  throw  out  about  20  pounds  of  ballast. 
'I'his  shot  us  up  again  —  thermometer  26,  and 
falling  very  slowly.  \\  6:05  thermometer 
22  —  my  feet  were  very  cold.  'I'he  .\llantic 
was  now  full,  and  i)resenteil  a  most  splendiil 
sight.  The  gas  began  to  discharge  itself  at 
the  mouth,  and  its  abominable  smell,  as  it 
came  down  ujjon  us,  maile  me  sick.  .X  mo- 
ment's vomiting  helped  my  case  materially. 
La.Mountain  was  suffering  a  good  deal  with 
cold.  I  passed  my  thick  shawl  around  his 
shoulders,  and  put  the  blanket  over  our  knees 
and  feet.  .\t  6:10  thernuuiieter  iS,  We 
drifted  along  until  the  sun  left  us,  and  in  a 
short  time  thereafter  the  balloon  began  to  de- 
s('end.  We  must  have  been,  bet'ore  we  began 
to  descend  from  this  height,  },\  miles  high. 
At  6:32  thermometer  23  ;  rising.  We  were 
now  about  stationary,  and  thought  we  were 
sailing  north  of  east.  We  could,  we  thought, 
distinguish  water  below  us,  but  wert;  unable 
to  recognize  it.  .\t  6:38  we  threw  over  a  bag 
of  sand,  making  So  pounds  of  ballast  dis- 
charged, and  leaving  about  120  ])ounds  on 
hand.  We  distinctly  heard  a  dog  bark. 
Thermometer  28  —  and  rising  ra])idly.  At 
6:45  ''ic  thermometer  stood  at  33. 

.\t  6:50  it  was  dark,  and    I  could  make  no 


1 66 


.■;    .S()r/7-..\7A'   ('/"    THE  ST.    LAWRESCE   RIVER. 


iiioie  incinoraiida.  I  luil  up  my  noti'  Ijook, 
licncil  .iiul  \v.it(  li,  ami  suttlLil  down  in  tlu; 
basket,  Icclinj^  i|iiiti;  conlcntcd.  I'lum  tliis 
|.oi:it  until  next  morning  1  give  my  experience 
Ircm  memory  only.  Tlie  figures  given  were 
made  at  llie  tinu'  indie  ated,  and  tiie  tiicrmo- 
metrit  variatiiins  (an  he  depended  on  as  ipiite 
accurate, 

We  lieard,  soon  after  iliat,  a  locomotive 
wliistle,  and  oticasionally  coiiltl  liear  wagons 
rumbling  o\cr  the  ground  or  a  bridge,  while 
the  farmers"  dogs  kept  u|i  a  continual  baying, 
as  if  I  i)nsi:i()us  there  was  something  unusual 
in  the  sky.  We  sailed  along,  contented  and 
chattv,  until  about  half-past  eight  o'clock, 
when  we  distim^tly  saw  lights  below  us,  and 
heard  the  roaring  of  a  mighty  water-fall.  We 
descended  into  a  valley  near  a  very  high 
mountain,  but,  as  the  place  ap])eared  rather 
forbidding,  we  concluded  to  go  uj)  again. 
Over  with  ,^o  pounds  of  ballast,  and  sky-ward 
we  sailed.  In  about  .20  minutes  we  again  de- 
scended, but  this  lime  no  friendly  light 
greeted  us.  We  seemed  to  be  over  a  dense 
wilderness,  and  the  balloon  was  settling  down 
into  a  small  lake.  We  had  our  life-preservers 
ready  for  usi?,  but  got  up  again  by  throwing 
out  all  our  ballast,  except  perhaps  20  pounds. 
1, a  Mountain  now  declared  it  was  folly  to  stay 
up  any  longer,  that  we  were  over  a  great  wil- 
derness, and  the  sooner  we  descended  the 
better.  We  concluded  to  settle  down  by  the 
side  of  some  tall  tree,  tie  up,  and  wait  until 
morning.  In  a  moment  we  were  near  the 
earth,  and  as  we  gently  descended  I  graspetl 
the  extreme  top  of  a  high  spruc:e,  which 
stopped  the  balloon's  momentum,  and  we 
were  soon  lashed  to  the  tree  by  our  large 
drag-ro])e. 

We  rolled  ourselves  up  in  our  blankets,  ])a- 
tiently  waiting  for  the  morning.  The  cold 
rain  spouted  down  upon  us  in  rivulets  from 
the  great  balloon  that  lazily  rolled  from  side 
to  side  over  our  heads,  and  we  were  soon 
drenched  and  uncomfortable  as  men  could 
be.  After  a  night  ])assed  in  great  ajjurehen- 
sion  and  unrest,  we  were  right  glad  to  see  the 
first  faint  rays  of  coming  light.  Cold  and 
rainy  the  morning  at  last  broke,  the  typical 


l)recursor  of  other  dismal  mornings  to  be 
^|ient  in  thai  uninhabited  wilderness.  We 
waited  until  0  o'(  lo(  k  in  hopes  the  r.iin  would 
cease,  ami  that  the  rays  of  the  sun,  by  warm- 
ing and  thereby  e\panding  the  gas  in  the  bal- 
loon, would  give  us  ascending  power  sufficient 
to  get  up  again,  for  the  i>urpose  of  obtaining 
a  view  of  the  country  into  which  we  h.ul  de- 
s<cnded.  'i'he  r.iin  did  not  (ease,  and  we 
(iiiK  luded  to  throw  over  all  we  had  in  the 
b.dloon,  e\i  ept  a  coat  for  each,  the  life-pre- 
servers, the  anchor  and  tlu'  (  ompass.  Over- 
board, then,  they  went  — good  shawls  and 
blankets,  bottles  of  ah'  and  a  llask  of  cordial, 
ropes  and  traps  of  all  kinds.  The  Atlantic, 
relieved  of  this  wet  lo.ul,  rose  majestically  with 
us,  anil  we  were  able  to  behold  the  coun- 
try below.  It  w.is  an  unbroken  wilderness  of 
l.ikes  ,nid  spru<  e  —  and  I  began  then  to  full\' 
realize  that  we  had,  indeed,  gone  too  far, 
through  a  miscalculation  of  the  \elocity  of  tire 
balloon.  .\s  the  current  was  still  driving  us 
iowards  the  north,  we  dare  not  stay  up,  as  we 
were  drifting  still  farther  and  farther  into 
trouble.  l.aMountain  stized  the  \alve-cord 
and  (li-.charged  the  gas.  and  we  descended  in 
safety  to  the  solid  earth.  Making  the  .Atlan- 
tic fast  by  her  anchor,  we  considered  what 
was  to  be  done. 

We  had  not  a  mouthful  to  eat,  no  ])rotection 
at  night  from  the  wet  ground,  were  distant  we 
knew  not  how  far  from  any  habitation,  were 
hungry  to  start  with,  had  no  possible  ex|)ecta- 
tion  of  making  a  fire,  and  no  definite  or  satis- 
factory idea  as  to  where  we  were.  We  had 
not  even  a  respectable  pocket  knife,  nor  a  pin 
to  make  a  fish  hook  of  —  indeed,  we  were 
about  as  well  e(iui[)ped  for  forest  life  as  were 
the  babes  in  the  woods. 

.After  a  jirotracted  discussion,  in  which  all 
our  ingenuity  was  brought  to  bear  iijion  the 
tpieslion  of  our  whereabouts,  we  settled  in  our 
minds  (mainly  from  the  character  of  the  tim- 
ber around  us),  that  we  were  either  in  John 
ISrown's  tract,  or  in  that  wilderness  lying  be- 
tween Ottawa  City  and  I'rescott,  Canada.  If 
this  were  so,  then  we  knew  that  a  course  south 
by  east  would  take  us  out  if  we  had  strength 
enough  to  travel  the  distance. 


I 


^1' 

It 


MR.   /()//\  A.  /fADPOCKS  C'-LEnRATED  EAI.I.OOX  VOYAGE. 


167 


TKWII'ISC    IN     llll'.    WOODS. 

Acting  ii|)oii  our  com  liision,  we  started 
tlirmigli  tin:  woods  towards  tl>e  south-east. 
After  travelling  about  a  mile  we  came  to  the 
liank  of  a  small  stream  llowing  from  the  west, 
anil  were  agreeably  surprised  to  liiid  that 
some  hum  m  being  had  been  there  before  us, 
for  we  found  the  stumps  of  several  small  trees 
and  the  head  of  a  half-barrel,  which  had  con- 
tained pork.  I  eagerly  examined  the  inspec- 
tion-stump ;   it  read  : 

"MESS    PORK." 
"  I'.    M." 

"  MoNTKKAL." 

This  settled  the  question  that  we  were  in 
Canada,  as  I  very  well  knew  that  no  .Montreal 
inspection  of  pork  e\er  found  its  way  into  the 
State  of  New  \'()rk.  .\lthough  the  course  we 
had  adopted  was  to  be  a  south-easterly  one, 
we  yet  concluded  to  follow  this  creek  \o  the 
weslwartl,  and  all  day  Friday  we  travelled  up 
its  hanks  — crossing  it  about  noon  on  a  float- 
ing log,  and  striking  on  the  southern  shore,  a 
"  bla/ed  "  |)ath,  wliich  led  to  a  deserted  lum- 
ber road,  and  it  in  turn  bring  us  to  a  log 
shanty  on  the  opjxisite  bank.  We  had  hoped 
this  lumber  road  would  lead  us  out  into  a 
clearing  or  a  settlement,  but  a  careful  exami- 
nation satisfied  us  that  the  ro.id  ended  here, 
its  obje<:tive  point  evidently  being  the  shanty 
on  the  other  bank.  We  concluded  to  cross 
the  creek  to  the  shanty,  and  stay  there  all 
night.  Collecting  some  small  timbers  for  a 
raft,  I.aMountain  crossed  over  safely,  shoving 
the  raft  back  to  me.  Hut  my  weight  was 
greater  than  my  companion's,  and  the  trail 
structure  sank  under  nie,  jirecipilating  me 
into  the  water.  1  went  in  all  over,  but  swam 
out,  though  it  took  all  my  strength  to  do  so. 
On  reaching  the  bank  I  found  myself  so 
chilled  as  scarcely  to  be  able  to  stand.  I 
took  off  all  my  clothes  and  wrung  them  as  dry 
as  I  could.  We  then  proceeded  to  the  shanty, 
where  we  found  some  refuse  straw,  but  it  was 
dry,  and  under  a  pile  of  it  we  crawled —  pull- 
ing it  over  our  heads  and  faces,  in  the  hope 
that  our  breath  might  aid  in  warming  our 
chilled  bodies.      I  think  the  most   revengeful, 


stony  heart  would  h.ive  jiitied  our  <(>ndition 
then.  I  will  not  attempt  to  describe  our 
thoughts  as  we  lay  there ;  home,  children, 
wife,  partMits,  friends,  with  their  sad  and  anx- 
ious faces,  rose  up  reproachfully  before  us  as 
we  tried  to  sleep.  Hut  the  weary  hours  of 
night  at  last  wore  away,  and  at  daylight  we 
held  a  new  council.  It  was  eviilent,  we  ar- 
gued, that  the  creek  we  were  upon  was  used 
bv  the  lumbermen  for  "  driving  "  their  logs 
in  the  spring  freshets.  If,  then,  we  followed 
it  to  its  <i)nlluence  with  the  Ottawa  or  some 
stream  which  emptied  into  the  Ottawa,  we 
would  eventually  get  out  the  same  way  the 
timber  went  out.  The  roof  of  the  shanty  was 
covered  with  the  halves  of  hollow  logs, 
scoopetl  out  in  a  manner  familiar  to  all  woods- 
men. These  were  dry  and  light,  and  woidd 
make  us  an  excellent  raft.  Why  not,  then, 
take  four  of  these,  tie  them  to  cross-pieces  by 
wythes  and  such  odd  things  as  we  could  find 
aroutul  the  shanty,  and  pole  the  craft  down 
stream  to  that  civilization  which  even  a  saw- 
log  apjieared  able  to  reach.  Such,  then,  was 
the  plan  adoptetl,  although  it  imolved  the  re- 
tracing of  all  the  stejjs  hitherto  taker,  and  an 
ai)])arent  departure  from  the  course  we  had 
concluded  would  lead  us  out. 

Without  delay,  then,  we  dragged  the  hollow 
logs  down  to  the  creek,  and  I.aMountain  pro- 
ceeded to  tie  them  together,  as  he  was  more  of 
a  sailor  than  myself.  We  at  last  got  under 
way,  and,  as  we  luished  olf,  .1  miserable  crow 
set  up  a  dismal  cawing  —  an  inausjiicious  sign. 
We  poled  down  the  stream  about  a  mile, 
when  we  came  abrui)lly  u|i()n  a  large  pine 
tree  which  had  fallen  across  thi'  current,  and 
coin[)letely  blocking  the  ])assage  of  the  raft. 
No  other  course  was  left  us  but  to  untie  the 
raft,  and  push  the  pieces  through  under  the 
log.  This  was  at  last  accomplished,  when  we 
tied  our  craft  together  again,  and  i>oled  ilown 
the  stream.  To-tlay  each  of  us  ate  a  raw  frog 
(all  we  could  find),  and  began  to  realize  that 
we  w..  '  hungry.  \'el  there  was  no  com- 
pl'''iiing  —  our  talk  was  of  the  hopeful  future, 
and  of  the  home  and  civilization  we  yet  ex- 
pectetl  to  reach.  Down  the  creek  we  went, 
into  a   lake   some    four   miles  long,  and   into 


ir.s 


A  sol: I ■  EX /R  OF  THF.  ST.  rnvRi-.xci-:  R/r/:R. 


whii  ii  \vc  of  course  supposed  tlic  stream  to 
])ass,  with  its  outlet  at  the  lower  end.  We 
foHowed  (h)wn  the  nortliern  hank,  keeping 
ahvays  near  llie  ^hore  anil  in  shallow  water,  so 
that  our  poles  couUl  touch  the  bottom,  until 
we  readied  the  lower  extremity  of  the  lake, 
where  we  found  no  outlet,  and  so  tur-vtlhack 
upon  the  southern  shore  in  (piest  of  one.  On 
reaching  the  head  of  the  lake,  and  examining 
the  stream  attentively,  we  found  that  tiie  cur- 
rent of  the  creek  turn  1  abruptly  to  the  riglu, 
which  was  the  reasi  if  our  losing  it.  U'e 
felt  happy  to  have  lound  our  current  again, 
.intl  plied  our  ])oles  like  heroe-..  We  passed, 
late  in  the  afternoon,  the  spot  where  we  had 
at  first  struck  the  creek,  and  where  we  stuck 
up  some  dead  branches  a>  ,i  lan<lmark  which 
might  aid  us  in  case  we  should,  ai  a  future 
time,  atteni[)t  to  save  the  Atlantic. 

When  night  came  on  we  did  not  stop,  but 
kejjt  the  raft  going  down  through  the  shades 
of  .iwful  forests,  whose  solemn  stillness 
seemed  to  hide  from  us  the  unrevealed  mys- 
, tery  of  our  darkening  future.  l)uring  the 
morning  the  rain  had  ceased,  but  about  lo 
o'clock  at  night  it  lonnnencetl  ag.iin.  ^\'e 
stopped  the  "  vessel  "  and  cr.iwleil  in  under 
some  "tag"  alders  on  the  bank,  where  our 
extreme  weariness  enabled  us  to  get,  jierhaps, 
half  an  hour":-;  sleep.  Rising  again  (for  it  was 
easier  to  pole  the  raft  at  night  in  the  rain  down 
an  unknf)wn  stream  amidst  the  shadows  of 
that  awfid  forest  than  to  lie  on  the  ground  and 
freeze),  we  pressed  on  until  perhaps  5  in 
the  morning,  when  pure  exhaustion  comi)elled 
us  to  stop  again.  This  time  we  found  a  spot 
where  the  clayey  bank  lacked  a  little  of 
coming  down  to  the  water.  On  the  mud  we 
threw  our  little  bundle  of  straw,  and  sat  down 
with  our  feet  drawn  up  under  us,  so  as  to 
])resent  as  little  surface  to  the  rain  as  possible. 
I'ut  we  could  not  stand  such  an  uncomfort- 
able jiosition  long,  and  as  the  daylight  of  the 
Sabbath  broke  upon  us,  we  were  poling  down 
the  stream  in  n  drizzling  rain.  M  .S  o'clock 
we  rea<  lied  a  spf)t  at  which  the  stream  nar- 
rowed, rushing  over  large  bouhlers,  and 
between  roiky  shores.  This  was  trouble, 
indeed.     To  get  our   raft  down   this  place,  we 


regarded  as  well-nigh  hopeless.  We  tied  u]) 
and  examined  the  shore.  Here,  again,  we 
founil  unmistakable  marks  left  by  the  lumber- 
men, they  having  evidently  camped  at  this 
point,  to  be  h.indy  by  in  the  labor  of  getting 
the  timber  o\er  this  bad  spot  in  the  stream. 
'I'he  r.ijjids  were  about  a  third  of  a  mile  long, 
and  very  turbulent.  .After  a  protracted  sur- 
vey we  descended  the  bank,  and  thought  it 
best  to  abandon  our  raft,  and  try  our  luck  on 
foot  again.  After  travelling  about  a  mile,  we 
found  the  bank  so  tangled  and  nigged,  and 
ourselves  so  much  exhausteil,  that  satisfactory 
progress  was  imjiossible.  So  we  concluded  to 
go  back,  and  if  we  could  get  the  raft  down, 
even  one  piece  at  a  time,  we  would  go  on 
with  her  —  if  not,  we  would  build  as  good  a 
place  as  jiossible  to  shield  us  from  the  cold 
and  wet,  and  there  await  with  f(jrtitiule  that 
death  from  starvation  which  was  beginning  to 
be  regarded  as  a  probability.  This  was  our 
tliir<l  day  of  earnest  labor  and  distressing 
fatigue,  and  in  all  that  time  we  had  not  eaten  an 
ounce  of  food,  nor  had  dry  clothing  u|)on  us. 
.\cting  upon  our  resolution,  we  at  once  com- 
menced to  get  the  raft  down  the  rapids,  and  I 
freely  confess  tli.it  this  was  the  most  trying 
anil  laborious  work  of  a  wiiole  life  of  labor. 
The  jiieces  would  not  lloat  over  a  rod  at  a 
time,  before  they  would  stick  on  some  stone 
which  the  low  water  left  above  the  surface, 
and  then  you  must  pry  the  stick  over  in  some 
way,  and  pass  it  along  lo  the  next  obstruction. 
We  were  obliged  to  get  into  the  stream,  often 
u[)  to  the  middle,  with  slipperv  boulders  be- 
neath our  feet.  Several  times  I  fell  headlong 
— comjiletely  using  up  our  compass,  which  now 
frantically  pointed  in  any  direction  its  addleti 
head  took  a  fancy  to.  The  water  had  ungiiied 
the  case,  and  it  was  ruined,  .\fter  long  hours 
of  such  labor,  we  got  the  raft  down,  and  La- 
Mountain  again  tied  it  together.  Passing  on, 
in  about  an  hour,  we  came  to  a  large  lake, 
about  ten  miles  long  by  six  broad.  Around  it 
we  must  of  course  pass,  until  we  should  find 
the  desired  outlet.  So  we  turned  u])  lo  the 
right,  and  pressed  on  with  as  much  resolution 
as  we  co\dd  muster.  'I'o-day  we  found  one 
clam,   which    I   insisted    LaMountain    should 


J 


/ 


; 


MR.  JOHN  A.   IfADDOCKS  Cr.I.l.BRATED  BAI.LOOX  VOYAGE. 


iC'C) 


f 


eat,  as  he  was  much  weaker  tliaii  myself,    and      f>ne   knee  and  then  on    the  oilier,  so  stiff  and 
had  eaten  notliint;  on  the  day  we  went  up.  weak    that    we    could    hardly    stand.      Again 

I'art  of  this  day  LaMountain  slept  upon  the  upon  the  silent,  monotonous  lake,  we  went — 
raft,  and  I  was  "  boss  and  all  hands."  As  the  following  around  its  sh(jre  for  an  outlet. 
])oor  fellow  lay  there,  completely  used  up,  1  AI)ont  lo  o'clock  we  came  to  (|uite  a  broad 
saw  that  he  could  not  he  of  much  more  assist-  northern  stream,  which  we  thought  was  the 
ance  in  getting  out.  luysipelas,  from  which  outlet  we  were  seeking, and  we  entered  it  with 
he  had  previously  suffered,  had  attacked  his  joy,  believing  it  would  take  us  to  our  long 
right  eye  ;  his  face  was  shriveled  so  that  he  sought  Ottawa.  Shortly  after  entering  this 
looked  like  an  old  man,  and  his  clothes 
were  nearly  torn  from  his  body.  A 
few  tears  could  not  be  restrained,  and 
my  prayer  was  for  speedy  deliverance 
or  speedy  death.  While  my  com])an- 
ioii  was  asleep  and  I  busily  poling  the 
raft  along,  I  was  forced  to  the  con- 
clusion, after  delibe,,'  ely  canvassing 
all  the  chances,  that  we  were  pretty 
sure  to  ])erish  tliere  luiserably  at  last. 
Hut  1  could  not  cease  my  efforts  while 
I  had  strength,  and  so  around  the 
lake  we  went,  into  all  the  indentations 
of  the  shore,  keejiing  always  in  shallow 
water.  The  day  at  last  wore  away, 
and  we  stopped  at  night  at  a  place  we 
thought  least  exposed  to  the  wind. 
We  dragged  the  end  of  our  raft  out 
of  the  water,  and  laid  down  u])on  the 
cold  ground.  We  were  cold  when  we 
laid  down,  and  both  of  us  trembled 
by  the  hour,  like  men  suffering  from  a 
severe  attack  of  the  ague.  The  wind 
Ivul  risen  just  at  night,  and  the  dismal 
surging  of  the  waves  upon  the  shore, 
formed,  I  thought,  a  fitting  lullaby  to 
our  disturbed    and   dismal    slumbers. 

By  this  time  our  clothes  were  nearly 
torn  off.  My  pantaloons  were  s|)lit  up 
both  legs,  and  the  waistbands  nearly  gone.  My  stream  it  widened  out,  and  began  to  appear 
boots  were  mere  wrecks,  and  our  mighty  wrest-  like  a  mere  lake.  We  poled  up  the  westerly 
lings  in  the  rapids  had  torn  the  skin  from  ankles  shore  for  about  seven  miles,  but  found  our- 
and  hands.  LaMountain's  hat  had  disap-  selves  again  deceived  as  to  the  outlet — the 
peared  ;  the  first  day  out  he  had  thrown  away  water  we  were  upon  jiroving  to  be  another 
his  woolen  drawers  and  stockings,  as  they  lake  or  bayou.  We  had  gone  into  this  lake 
dragged  him  down  by  the  weight  of  water  with  the  highest  hopes,  but  when  we  found 
they  absorbed.  .And  so  we  could  sleep  but  that  all  the  weary  miles  of  our  morning  travel 
little.  It  really  seemed  as  though,  during  this  had  been  in  vain,  and  had  to  be  retraced,  my 
night,  we  passed  through  the  horrors  of  death.  resolution  certainly  failed  me  for  a  moment. 
Hut  at  daylight  we  got    up  by  degrees,  first  on      Vet  we  felt   that  our   duty,  as  Christian    men, 


Tlir    I'OI'-COKN    MAN,    KNOWN    AS    (i[ll    "   |rs|     AllOUT.' 


't'\ 


>'.i 

!ii- 


170 


A    .Wrr/TA'/A"   OF    TlfE   ST.   LAWRENCE   RIVER. 


was  to  i^rcss  forward  as  lone;  as  we  could 
stand,  and  leavi'  the  issue  witli  a  higliei" 
l'i)wcr 

It  liad  now  luen  four  full  ilays  since  we  ate 
a  meal.  All  ve  had  eaten  in  the  meantime 
was  a  frog  apiece,  four  clams  and  a  few  wild 
b.'rries,  whose  acid  ])roperties  and  bitter  taste 
had  probalily  done  us  more  harm  th.in  t^ood. 
Our  strength  was  beginning  to  tail  very  fast, 
and  our  systems  were  evidently  umlergoing 
an  extraordinary  change.  1  did  not  permit 
myself  to  tliink  of  food  —  the  thought  of  a 
well-fdled  table  would  have  been  too  much. 
My  mind  continually  dwelt  upon  poor  Strain's 
sufferings  on  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  (then 
lately  ])ublished  in  Harper's  Magazine).  lie, 
too,  was  i)addling  a  raft  down  an  unknown 
stream,  half  starved,  and  lilleil  with  dreadful 
forebodings.  lUit  I  did  not  believe  we  could 
hold  out  half  as  long  as  he  had,  Hesides,  he 
was  lost  in  a  tropical  country,  where  all 
nature  is  kind  to  man  :  he  had  fire-arms  ami 
other  weapons  with  which  to  kill  g.une.  We 
were  in  a  cold,  inhospitable  land,  without 
arms,  and  utterly  unable  to  build  a  fire. 
Strain  vas  ujion  a  stream  which  he  knew 
would  eventually  bear  him  to  the  sea  and  to 
safety ;  while  we  were  upon  waters  whose 
flow  we  positively  knew  nothing  about,  and 
were  as  much  lost  as  though  in  the  mountains 
of  the  moon.  Vet  we  could  not  give  it  up 
so,  and  tried  to  summon  up  fresh  courage  as 
troubles  a|)])eared  to  thicken  around  us.  So 
we  turned  the  raft  around,  and  puled  it  in 
silence  back  towards  the  place  where  we  had 
entered  this  last  lake.  We  had  gone  about  a 
mile  when  we  heard  the  sound  of  a  gun, 
ipiickly  folknved  by  a  second  rejiort.  No 
sound  was  ever  so  sweet  as  that.  We  halloed 
as  louil  as  we  could,  a  good  many  times,  but 
could  get  no  resjionse.  We  kept  our  poles 
going  ipiite  lively,  and  had  gone  about  half  a 
mile,  when  I  called  LaMountain's  attention  to 
what  I  thought  was  smoke  curling  up  among 
the  trees  by  the  side  of  a  hill.  My  own  eye- 
sight had  begun  to  fail  very  much,  and  I  felt 
afraid  to  trust  my  dull  senses  in  a  matter  so 
vitally  important.  I.aMountain  scrutini/ed 
the  shore  very  closely,  and  said   he  thought  it 


was  smoke,  and  that  he  believed  there  was 
also  a  birch  canoe  on  the  shore  below.  In  a 
^ew  moments  the  blue  smoke  rolleil  unmis- 
takably above  the  tree  to[)s,  and   we  felt   that 

WK    WEKIC    SAVKH! 

S'lch  a  revulsion  of  feeling  was  almost  too 
much.  We  could  hardly  credit  our  good 
fortune,  for  our  many  bitter  disappointments 
had  taught  us  not  to  be  very  sanguine.  With 
the  ends  of  f)ur  poles  we  padilled  the  raft 
across  the  arm  of  the  lake,  here,  [)erhaps, 
three-ipi.irters  of  a  mile  wide,  steering  for  the 
canoe.  It  jjroved  to  be  a  large  one,  evidently 
an  Indian's.  Leaving  I.aMountain  to  guard 
and  retain  the  canoe,  in  case  the  Indian  proved 
timid  and  desired  to  escape  from  us,  I  pressed 
hurriedly  up  the  bank,  following  the  foot- 
prints I  saw  in  the  damp  soil,  and  soon  came 
ujjon  the  temporary  shanty  of  a  lumbering 
wood,  from  the  rude  chimney  (jt  which  a 
broad  volume  of  smoke  was  rising.  I  hal- 
loed— a  noise  was  heard  inside,  and  a  noble- 
looking  Indian  came  to  the  door.  I  eagerly 
asked  him  if  he  could  speak  French,  as  I 
grasped  his  outstret(  hed  hand.  "  \'es,''  he 
replied,  "  and  English,  too  I  "  He  tlrew  me 
into  the  cabin,  and  there  I  s.iw  the  leader  of 
the  party,  a  noble-hearted  Scotchman  named 
Angus  ("ameron.  I  immediately  told  my 
story  ;  that  we  had  come  in  there  with  a  bal- 
loon, were  lost,  and  had  beiMi  over  four  days 
without  food — eagerly  demanding  to  know 
where  we  were.  Imagine  my  sur|)rise  when 
he  said  we  were  o.n'k  iiundrkd  and  kkwiiv 
MiLi-.s  DUK  Nokni  111"  01  TAWA,  near  300 
miles  tVoin  Watertown.  to  reach  which  would 
require  more  than  500  miles  of  travel,  follow- 
ing the  streams  and  roads.  We  were  in  a 
wilderness  as  large  as  three  States  like  New 
York,  extending  from  Lake  Superior  on  the 
west,  to  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  e.;st,  and 
from  Ottawa,  on  the  south,  to  the  .Arctic 
circle. 

The  party  consisted  of  four  i)ersons  — 
Cameron  and  his  assistant,  and  .1  half-breed 
Indian  (LaMab  McDougal)  and  his  son. 
Their  savory  dinner  was  ready.  I  immedi- 
ately   dispatched    the    young    Indian    for  La- 


i       1 


.I/A".  JOHX  A.   HADDOCK'S  CELEBRATED  BAT.T.OOX  rO'ACJE. 


171 


Mountain,  wlio  soon  rame  in,  the  absolute 
picture  of  wrL'tchedness.  Ail  that  the  cabin 
contained  was  freely  offered  us,  and  we 
iiKi;.\\  ro  i;.\i'.  I,anguage  is  inadequate  to 
express  our  feelings.  Within  one  little  hour 
the  clouds  had  lifted  from  our  sombre  future, 
and  we  fell  ourselves  to  be  men  once  more 
—  no  longer  houseless  wanderers  amid  ]jri- 
nieval  forests,  driven  by  chance  from  side 
to  side,  but  inspired  "oy  the  near  certainty 
of  seeing  home  again  and  mingling  with 
our  fellows  once  more  in  the  busy  scenes  of 
life. 

We  soon  learned  from  Cameron  that  the 
stream  we  had  traversed  with  our  raft  was 
called  Filliman's  creek  —  the  large  lake  we 
were  then  near  was  called  the  Hos-ke-tong, 
and  drains  into  the  Bos-ke-tong  river,  which  in 
turn  drains  into  the  (latineau.  The  (latineau 
joins  the  Ottawa  opposite  the  city  of  that 
name,  the  seat  of  government  of  ("anada. 
Cameron  assured  us  that  the  Bos-ke-tong  and 
Ciatineau  wcie  so  rapid  and  broken  that  no 
set  of  men  could  get  a  raft  down,  no  matter 
how  well  they  knew  liie  country,  nor  how 
nnich  provisions  they  might  have.  He  re- 
gar<led  our  deliverance  as  purely  pro\identiU, 
and  many  times  remarked  that  we  would  cer- 
tainly have  ])erished  but  for  seeing  the  smoke 
from  his  fire.  He  was  liunting  timber  for 
his  employers,  Gilmour  iS;  Co.,  of  Ottawa, 
and  was  to  start  in  two  days  down  the  Cati- 
neau  for  his  headipiarters  at  Desert.  If  we 
would  stay  there  until  he  started  we  were 
welcome,  he  said,  to  food  and  accommoda- 
tions, and  he  wMtukl  take  us  down  to  Desert 
in  his  canoe,  and  at  that  point  we  could  get 
Indians  to  take  >is  further  on.  He  also  said 
that  he  had  intended  to  lof)k  for  timber  on 
I'illiman's  creek,  near  where  the  balloon 
Would  be  found,  as  near  as  we  could  describe 
the  locality  to  him,  and  would  try  to  look  it 
U])  and  make  the  attempt  to  get  it  to  Ottawa. 
This  would  be  a  long  and  tedious  operation, 
as  the  portages  are  very  numerous  between 
the  creek  and  Desert — something  over  20 — one 
of  them  three  mil(;s  long.  Over  these  port- 
ages, of  course,  the  silk  must  be  carried  on 
the  backs  of  Indians. 


-After  eating  all  I  dared  to.  and  duly  cau- 
tioning LaMountain  not  to  hurt  himself  by 
over-indulgence,  I  laid  down  to  sleep.  Be- 
fore doing  so,  I  had  one  of  the  men  remove 
my  boots,  and  when  they  came  off,  nearly  the 
whole  outer  skin  ])eeleil  olf  with  the  stock- 
ings. My  feet  had  become  parboiled  by  the 
continual  soakings  of  four  days  and  nights, 
anil  it  was  fully  three  m(n:ths  before  they 
were  curetl. 

-After  finishing  up  his  business  in  the 
vicinity  where  we  found  him,  on  I'riday 
morning  (our  ninth  day  from  home),  Cameron 
started  on  his  return.  \\"e  stop])ed,  on  our 
way  up  the  creek,  at  the  spot  where  we  had 
erected  our  landmark  by  which  to  find  the 
balloon.  We  stru<  k  back  for  the  ]ilace,  and 
in  about  twenty  minutes  found  her,  impaled 
on  the  tops  of  four  smallish  sjiruce  trees,  and 
very  much  torn.  LaMountain  concluded  to 
abandon  her.  He  took  the  valve  as  a  me- 
mento, and  I  cutout  the  letters  "  TIC,"  which 
had  formed  jiart  of  her  name,  and  brought 
the  strip  of  silk  home  with  me.  We  reached 
what  is  known  as  the  "New  I'arin  "  on  I'ridav 
night,  and  there  ended  our  slei'ping  on  the 
ground.  I'p  by  early  dawn,  and  on  again, 
through  the  drenching  rain,  reaching  Desert 
on  Saturday  evening. 

At  I  )esert  we  were  a  good  deal  troubled  to 
obtain  Indians  to  take  us  further  on.  T,a- 
Mab  McDougal  had  told  liis  wife  about  the 
baloon,  and  she,  being  superstitous  and  igno- 
rant, had  gossipped  with  the  other  sijuaws, 
and  told  them  the  balloon  was  a  '•  llying 
devil."  As  we  had  traveled  in  this  flying 
ilevil,  it  did  not  require  much  of  a  stretch  of 
Indian  credulity  to  believe  that  if  we  were 
not  the  Devil's  children  we  must  at  least  be 
closely  related.  In  this  extremity  we  appealed 
to    Mr.    I'.ackus*,    a    kind-hearted    .American 


*  Soiiiclliiiij;  iiuile  curious  j;rew  out  of  my  n.nniind 
.Mr.  lleiuy  Haikiis  as  having  assisted  us  at  the 
mouth  of  tliL'  Di'scrt  river.  My  account  was  geuer- 
.iliy  pulilishcil  ihrougliout  the  couuliy,  ami  some  ten 
(i.iys  aftrr  our  lelum  I  received  ,1  letter  from  a  lady 
in  Massarliusetis  asking  me  to  describe  to  lier  the 
man  Backus,  as  that  was  the  name  of  her  long- 
absent  son,  who.  twenty  years  before,  had  disap- 
jieared  from  home,  and    had   never   afterwards  been 


I 


T72 


A  snrrr.xih'  or  tiif.  st.  lawrf.xcf.  river. 


i8'i 


trader,  who  agncd  to  iirocuro  us  a  romiile- 
mcnt  of  redskins,  wlio  would  take  us  lo 
Alexis  ie  lieau's  place  (sixty  miles  down  the 
ri\er),  wliere  it  was  thought  we  could  obtain 
horse',.  Siuiday  uiornini;  (our  eleventh  day 
Iron'  home),  we  started  from  Desert,  and 
reached  Alexis  le  lieau's  just  at  niyht.  The 
scenery  u|ion  this  part  of  the  route  was  sub- 
lime and  imposing.  'I'he  primeval  forest 
stood  as  grai'id  and  silent  as  when  created. 
Our  Indians,  too,  surpassed  a'ythiug  I  ever 
beheld,  in  physical  vigor  and  entlurance.  In 
the  day's  run  of  sixty  miles,  there  were  six- 
teen |)ortages  to  be  made.  On  reaching  one 
of  these  places,  they  would  seize  the  canoe  as 
(piick  as  we  stepjjcd  out  of  it,  jerk  it  out  of 
the  water  and  on  to  their  shoidd  ■  in  half  a 
minute,  and  start  upon  a  dog  troi  as  uncon- 
cernedly as  though  bearing  no  burthen.  .Ar- 
riving at  the  fool  of  the  portage,  they  woukl 
toss  the  canoe  into  the  stre.nn,  steadv  it  until 
we  were  seated,  then  spring  in  and  pachlle 
away,  gliding  down  the  stream  like  an  arrow, 
in  the  morning  we  tra\i.'led  llfteen  miles  and 
made  seven  portages  in  one  hour  .uul  forty 
minutes. 

At  ,\lexis  le  I!eau  we  first  beheld  a  vehicle 
denominated  a  "  buckboard  " — a  wide,  thick 
plank  reaching  from  one  bolster  of  the  wagon 
to  the  other,  and  upon  the  middle  of  which 
plank  the  seat  was  placeil.  This  sort  of  con- 
veyance is  often  used  in  new  countries,  being 
very  cheap,  and  within  the  reach  of  ordinary 
mechanical  skill.  .St.irting  off  as  soon  as  we 
could  get  something  to  eat,  we  travelled  all 
night  through  the  forest,  over  one  of  the  worst 
roa.tis  ever  left  unfuiished,  and  reached  lirooks' 
farm,  a  sort  of  frontier  tavern,  in  the  early 
morning,  where  we  slej)!    a  coui)le  of   hours, 

lieard  from.  I  niiswciiil  the  lutlir  iininediately,  anil 
soon  after  Uariicil  lli:U  llic  man  proved  lo  be  li".T 
son.  and  lliat  he  liad  |ironiiscHl  lo  ronie  home. 
What  liad  driven  liini  awav  from  civilization  lo  live 
anions  the  Indians,  wms  best  known  to  himself. 
Hill  a  man  of  his  grniriius  impulses  mii;hl  liave 
been  an  ornament  lo  society,  and  a  lilcssintj  to  his 
friends.  [This  note  was  written  the  next  week  after 
we  escaped  from  ihe  wilderness.  The  article 
following  this  ireals  of  Hackiis'  expciience  i|iiile 
exhaustively.] 


and  after  breakfast  |)resse(l   on   by  tlie  rough 
frontier  stage  towards  (  )tt,iwa. 

While  the  st.ige  was  stopping  to-day  to 
change  horses,  I  picked  up  a  newspaper  at 
Her  ISritannic  Majesty's  colonial  frontier  post- 
office,  and  in  it  read  an  ac(  ount  of  our  ascen- 
sion and  positive  loss,  with  a  rather  llattering 
obituary  notice  of  myself.  And  then,  for  the 
first  lime,  I  began  to  (■oni])rehend  the  degree 
of  concern  our  protr.icled  absence  had  aroused 
in  the  public  mind.  And  if  the  jiublic  felt 
this  concern,  what  would  be  the  degree  of 
p.un  experienced  by  wife,  (  hildren,  ]iarents, 
friends?  These  rellections  spurred  us  f(u-- 
ward— or  rather,  our  money  induced  the 
drivers  to  hurry  up  their  horses  —  and  at  l,i->t, 
on  the  twelfth  day  of  our  absence,  at  about 
live  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  we  jumped  off 
the  stage  in  front  of  the  telegrajih  office  in  the 
good  city  of  Ottawa,  whence,  in  less  than  five 
minutes,  the  swift  lightning  was  speeding  a 
message  to  home  and  friends.  That  was  a 
happy  moinent^the  happiest  of  all  my  life — 
when  I  knew  that  within  thirty  minutes  my 
familv  would  know  of  my  safety. 

I  do  not  know  how  the  peojile  of  Ottawa 
so  soon  found  out  who  we  were — but  suppose 
the  telegraph  operator  perhaps  lold  someone  ; 
and  that  "some  one"  must  have  told  the 
whole  town,  for  in  less  than  half  an  hour 
there  was  a  tearing,  excited,  happy,  impiisi- 
tive  mass  of  people  in  front  of  the  grand 
hotel  there  —  the  clerk  f)f  whicii,  when  he 
looked  at  our  ragged  clothes  and  bearded 
faces,  at  first  thought  he  "hadn't  a  single 
room  left,"  but  who,  when  he  found  out  that 
we  were  the  lost  balloon  men,  wanted  us  to 
have  the  whole  hotel,  free  and  above  board, 
anil  had  tea  and  supper  and  lum  h,  and  "just 
a  little  private  supper,  you  know  I  "  ff)llo\\  ing 
each  other  in  rapid,  yet  most  accejitable  suc- 
cession. The  happy  crowd  in  the  hotel  and 
upon  the  street  were  determined  to  shake 
hands  with  us  every  one,  and  nearly  all 
wanted  to  give  or  loan  us  money.  Pretty 
soon  the  newspaper  men  and  some  juMsonal 
acrpiaintances  began  to  jiress  through  the 
crowd,  and  some  cried  while  others  laughed 
and  luizzahed.     Indeed,  every  one  acted  as  if 


« 


,1/A'.  joiix  .1.  u.innHKs  ciii.ijsKA  ri-.n  liAi.iAiiKX  /iM-./*;/;, 


^n 


tliL'y  li.ul  just  "  foiiiul  soiiicthiiiL;  I  "  Ami 
such  is  liuinau  nature  always,  wlicn  its  noble 
syni|)atliies  are  ar(jused  lur  the  siifferiny  or 
distressed. 

.\ltliiiUL;h  the  |)resi(lent  iil"  the  ()tta\va  and 
I'resrotl  Railroad  (Rolurl  ISell,  l^si[.),  \oliin- 
teered  to  send  us  on  by  a  special  enj^ine  that 
night,  we  thought  it  best  (inasniiich  as  our 
friends  had  been  informed  of  our  safety),  to 
stay  at  ( )lta\va  until  morning.  It  did  seem  as 
thoui.'!)  the  generous  pecjple  (jf  that  city  ct)uld 
not  do  enough   for   us,  and   their  kind  attcn- 


hibit  unnii>takable  evidence  of  the  deep  in- 
terest felt  in  our  fate.  At  Watertown,  which 
had  been  my  home  from  boyhood,  the  enthu- 
siasm had  rea(  hetl  fever  heat,  and  the  whole 
town  was  out  to  greet  the  returning  .eronaiils. 
'I'hey  had  out  the  okl  e.umon  on  the  Public 
Square,  and  it  beli  lied  forth  the  loudest  kind 
of  a  welcome.  .My  familv  had,  of  course,  suf- 
fered deeply  by  my  alisence.  I'lverybody  had 
given  us  up  for  dead,  except  my  wife.  J  felt 
very  chea])  about  the  whole  thing,  and  was 
(luite  certain   that    1   had  done  a  very  foolish 


11AV    IN    1,\    KCI      ISI.AMl,    CANADIAN    l|l\NMI.. 

tion  and  disinterested  enthusiasm  will    never  act.      Not  so   the  ]ieopIe  —  they  thought   it  a 

be  forgotten.  big  thing  to  have  gone  through  with  so  much, 

Well,  the  next  morning  wc  left  Ottawa,  and  and  yet  come  out  ali\e. 

were    (piickly    carried     to     l'rcs<()tt;     thence  

across  the  St.  I,awrenc;e  river  to  Ogdensburg.  Several    general    conclusions    and    remarks 

Here  a  repetition  of   the  same  friendly  greet-  shall    terminate    this    narrative,    already     too 

ings  took    place;  and    at   last,  after  a  hearty  long.      "Why  did  you  permit  yourselves  to  go 

dinner,  we   'eft   for   home,   now    distant   only  so    far?"    will    naturally   l)e   asked.      To  this 

seventv-five  miles  by  rail.      All  along   the  line  inquiry  I  reply  :  that    the   wind   "•.is  excced- 

of    the    road   wc    found    enthusiastic    crowds  ingly  light  when  we   ascended;   that   ve   were 

awaiting  our  coming,  and   all   seemed   to   ex-  very  soon  among  the  clouds,  and  conseipiently 


I, "4 


A  S(>rr/:.\7A'  or  the  st.  i.awresci-:  i<ivi:r. 


unable  to  take  cogni/.iiK  c  of  our  (oursc,  or  to 
judge  lunv  fast  wc  were  travelling.  It  should 
be  distin(  tly  understood  that  when  you  are 
sailing  in  a  balloon,  you  are  unconscious  of 
nioti(jn  and  progress,  unless  you  can  see  the 
earth,  liven  when  you  first  leave  the  earth, 
you  seem  it)  be  stationary,  while  the  earth  ap- 
pears to  drop  aw.iy  from  you.  Nor  (an  you, 
when  out  of  sight  of  the  earth,  although  \ou 
may  ha\e  a  compass,  judge  of  the  direction 
you  are  travelling,  if  travelling  at  all.  In  a 
few  words,  unless  you  CiJii  sir  the  (\irl/i,  xi'ii 
iiuinot  liil  how  fast  nor  in  what  tliiCition  yoit 
arc  Iriirt'/lin};.  This,  perha[)s,  better  than 
anything  else  will  explain  why  we  unc(m- 
sciously  drifted  off  to  latitudes  so  remote. 
When  we  arose  above  the  thick  mass  of  clouds, 
before  sundown,  we  und(nd)tedly  striuk  a 
rajiid  current  that  carried  us  north-east,  and 
after  we  had  travelled  in  this  (  urrent  about  an 


hour,  we  probably  struck  anotncr  rurreni, 
from  the  variation  of  our  altitude,  which  bore 
us  off  to  the  north-west,  for  the  jjlace  where 
we  landed  is  about  thirty  miles  west  of  due 
north  from  where  we  ascended. 

When  we  first  desended  near  the  earth,  and 
saw  lights  and  heard  dogs  barking,  wc  should 
ha\e  landctl.  liul  we  were  unwilling  to  land 
at  night  in  a  dee]i  wood,  even  though  we  knev,- 
that  inhabitants  were  near  by,  and  we  thought 
it  best  to  pick  out  a  better  place.  This  was 
our  error ;  and  it  came  near  being  a  fatal  one 
to  us  — it  was  certainly  so  to  the  balloon. 
In  trying  to  lind  our  "better  place"  to  land, 
we  were  up  longer  than  we  supposed,  and  as 
We  were  travelling  in  a  current  that  bore  us 
off  to  the  northward  at  the  rate  of  loo  miles 
an  lu)ur,  we  soon  re.uhcd  a  --(jinl  beyond  the 
conlincs  of  civilization. 


THE   AWAKENING   OF   HENRY    BACKUS. 


;.! 


.\     RDM  ANCK    (II      1111      r.AM.OON    JOUKNKV    ol      II AIHXK   K     ANU    I  A    MiUTN'TAlX. 


IX  the  jireceding  account  of  the  balloon  voy- 
age made  by  I.aMounlain  and  Haddock 
into  the  Hos-ke-tong  wilderness  of  t'anada  in 
September,  iS5(;,  allusion  was  made  by  the 
writer  to  one  Henry  Backus.  The  early  his- 
tory of  this  man  and  the  peculiar  manner  in 
which  he  was  restored  to  civilized  society  and 
to  his  mother,  from  whom  he  had  foolishly 
sejjarated  himself  twenty  years  before,  forms 
a  story  which  would  l)e  called  a  "  romance  " 
were  it  not  founded  u[)on  actual  facts. 

I.aMountain  and  myself  made  our  balloon 
ascension  iVom  Waterlown,  N.  V.,  and  were 
carried  by  a  swift  northerly  current  far  beyond 
the  bounds  of  civilization,  landing  in  that  im- 
mense forest  in  t'anada,  whi(  h  is  larger  than 
the  great  States  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  combined,  and  limited  on  the  north 
or.ly  by  Labrador  and  the  .\rctic  circle. 
Having  been  rescued  from  starvation  and 
probable  death  by  the  brave  Cameron  and  Iiis 
Indian  guides,  whom  we  providentially  en- 
countered, we  had   reached,  on  our  way  "out 


of  the  wilderness,"  that  fronii(.'r  post  of  the 
Hudson  Day  C'ompany,  known  as  Desert, 
where  we  were  detained  by  inability  to  jiro- 
cure  Indians  for  the  further  prosecution  of 
our  j(jurney,  because  one  of  Cameron's  In- 
dians, who  lived  at  Desert  had  circulated  a 
story  among  his  associates  thai  we  had  ( oine 
into  that  wilderness  in  a  "thing  de\il,"  whi(  h 
had  fallen  from  the  sky.  N.ilurally  sii[iersti- 
tious  and  densely  ignorant,  these  boatmen 
readily  concluded  that  we  were  really  children 
of  the  Devil  himself,  anil  undesirable  pe(i])le 
to  work  for,  even  if  well  ])ai(l.  We  were  very 
imiiatient  at  the  detention,  and  Cameron,  who 
could  take  us  no  farther  towards  Ottawa,  ad- 
vised us  to  consult  one  Henry  Uackus,  the 
local  trader,  who  might  be  able  to  hel])  us,  for 
he  sold '■  lire-water  "  to  the  Indians  and  had 
great  influence  with  them.  To  liackus'  little 
store,  then,  we  went,  and  found  him  some- 
what hard  to  approach,  as  if  he  were  suspi- 
cious of  any  attempt  at  intimacy;  but  when 
we  told  him  our  trouble  and  urgently  solicited 


THE  AWAKEMXC,    Ol-    IIEXRV   E.ICATS. 


'75 


his  gnotl  offices,  lie  .ii)i)e:ire(l  anxious  and  will- 
ing to  aid  us.  FIc  struck  nir  as  heinj;  too  in- 
Ifiligcnt  and  well  educated  for  the  position  he 
was  filling,  as  a  small  trader  in  so  remote  a 
l)laee,  but  we  were  too  much  concerned  with 
our  own  phms  for  reaching  civilization  to 
scrutinize  him  very  closely.  He  knew  just 
how  to  deal  with  the  ignorant  river  men,  anil 
soon  had  a  crew  selected  who  promised  to  de- 
part with  us  at  early  daybreak,  so  that  we 
might  reach  Aiexis-le-I!eau  before  nightfall. 
Tlu  promise  was  redeemed,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing we  departed,  and  Backus  saw  us  no  more, 
hut  from  (jne  of  us  he  was  yet  to  hear. 


Who  was  Henry  liaikus.'     To  answer  this 
in([uiry  I  must  take  the  re.ider  back  more  than 
fifty    years,    to    i.Sj7,    when     there     lived     in 
Western  Massachusetts  a  family  named  Han- 
cock,   consisting    of    the    jjarents    and    two 
daughters,  sixteen   .ind  eighteen  years  of  age, 
the  elder  named  Mabel,  the  ycjungest  Harriet. 
It  is  with  Mabel  we  have  more  ])articularly  to 
deal.     She  was  above   the   average   in   beauty 
of   person,    bright    and    engaging,    and,    like 
most    of    her    sex,    well    aware    of    her    good 
l)oints,  and   not  by  any  means   unmindful   of 
the   admiration    she  elicited  from   the   young 
men  of  her  neighborhood.     As  a   result,  she 
was   often    invited    to   the    merry-makings  of 
that  section,  accompanied  sometimes  by  one, 
sometimes  by  another  young  gentleman  —  but 
for  a  long  time  she  gave  none  of  her  admirers 
any  s])ecial  i)reference.      In  her  twentieth  year, 
when  the  heart  is  said  to  be  the  most  suscep- 
tible,   she   had    two    aihuirers    who    had   tlis- 
tanced    her   hitherto    numerous   gallants,   and 
whenever  she  went  to  church  or  to  the  country 
])arties,  one  or  the  other  of  these  was  always 
her  attendant.      Henry    iiackus,  one  of  these 
young  men,  was  rather  a  silent    and   reserved, 
but   really  handsome  young   man  of  twentv- 
two,    well-educated    in    the    country   schools, 
active   and    enterprising,    the  comfort  of    his 
mother,  who  was  a  widow  and  the  owner  of  a 
good  farm,  left   her  by  her  husband.     Henry 
was  somewhat  in  a[ipearance   like    an    Indian, 
tall  and   dark-skinned,  and   there  was  a  tradi- 
tion that  the  Backus  family,  a  hundred  years 


befori',    had     been     crossed     by    Narraganset 
blood. 

Be  that  as  it  m.iy,  Henry  was  observant  but 
silent,  seldom  gay  and  never  frivolous,  but  he 
was  [lopular  among  his  companions,  who  gave 
him   their   full   confidence,  for   the\    knew   he 
meant   all   he  said,  and   that  his  word  was  as 
good  as  most   other  men's  bond.      Hiscom- 
petitor    in    Mabel's  good    graces   was  e(iually 
regarded,    but     in    a    different    way.     Wittv, 
agreeable,  full  of  vivacity  and  animal  spirits, 
James  Atwell  was  the  life  of  every  social  gath- 
ering, greatly  admired  by  the  girls,   and    wel- 
come in  every  circle.     Although   a  year  older 
than    Henry  Backus,   he    had    not    yet   settled 
down    to  any    serious   pursuit,  which,   in    his 
case,  was   thought   to   be    a   necessity,   as   his 
father  had   ne\er   accumulated   more   than    a 
mere  subsistence.    James  had  twice  left  home, 
and   had  spent   a  whole    year  in  a  dry  g(jods 
store   at  Worcester,  Mass.,  but    he   had   given 
up   that   business   as   too   confining.      He  liad 
also  taught  the  district  school  one  winter,  but 
was    thought  deficient   in    discipline,  and  was 
not    asked    to    teach   a   second    time.      While 
nothing  could   be  said   against   him,  the  older 
people  rated  him  much  below  Iiackus  in  pnjs- 
pective    usefulness    and    position.      The    girls 
considered    him    as    "just    too   nice    for   anv- 
thing,"  but  thought,  and   some  of  them   said, 
that  Henry  ISackus  was  "an  old  cross-patch." 
They  unanimously  predicted   that   James  At- 
well would  have  a  "walk-over"  in  the  contest 
for  supremacy  in  Mabel's  affections.     But  this 
prediction  did  not  have  any  speedy  fulfilment, 
as  both  the   voung  men  were  etpially  well  re- 
ceived   at   the    Hancock    mansion,   and    so   a 
whole  year  wore  away  without   any  material 
eiange  in  the  relation  of  these  young  |ieo|ile 
to  one  another,  but  close  observers  saw  that 
Backus  was  wonderfully  smitten  with  Mabel,  a 
fact  which  he  did   not  try  to  conceal.      Vet  it 
gave  his  mother  considerable  concern,  for  she 
well  knew  the  intensity  of  his  nature,  and  how 
restless   he  became   under  even   slight   disap- 
pointments. 

A  change,  however,  was  soon  to  come. 
While  returning  from  a  d.iiK  ing  jiarty  in  the 
winter  of  1S38,  Henry  proposed,  and  was  at 


;i 


i 


^ 


./   S(U'r/-:.\7A'   OF    THE    ST.   LAU'REWE   RIVER. 


k-.isl   |i  II  Il.illy  .11  (  i.|iU'(l  liy  M.iln'l  :lh  hcT  lilluic 
Iui.ImiiiI.      At   lur    ri-i|iirst    tlu'   iiarlial    agrcc- 
iiunt  was   ti)   l)c    kcjil  a   st'cTcl,  iiiiuli    against 
Ilfiiry'^  wisli,  but  he  lowd  tlic  girl    too  iniu  li 
Id  (li  iiy  licr  anylliing.    While  this  uiulLTstaiul- 
ing    V  as    bciii};    laitht'iilly    oIisitnciI     bftwccn 
ihc'in,  invitations  came    for    tlic   grand   winter 
wind  tiji    dancing    iiarly,    to    he    lield    ..t    the 
(  oiintN'  town,  and  Henry  was  duly  acie|iled  as 
Mabel's  escort    thither.      When  the  evening  of 
the  jjartv  drew  on,  he  started  in  his  sleigh  for 
his  companion,  but  the  sno..   was  dei'ii,  and  m 
trying  to  turn  out  for  a  loaded  team  his  cutter 
was  upset,  himself   thrown  out.  ami    the  horse 
ran   away.     It  took  fully  two  hours  to  re(  over 
ll;e  horse  and   reach    tlie    Hancock    mansion, 
and  then  only  to  find  that  Mabel   iiad  l)ecoiiie 
tired  of  tlie  delay,  and.  in  a  moment  ot  pi' pie, 
had  accepted  James  Atwell's  proffered  escort 
and  gone  to  the  dance  with  him.      r.a<'kus  was 
thunderstruck,  and  finally  Imrst  into  a  passion 
of  tears,  due  as  iinich,  probabl)',  to  the  excite- 
ment he  had   just    passeil    througii,  as   to   the 
uncNpected  deiiarture  of  Mabel  witli  his  ri\al. 
His   jealousy  was   terriljly  aroused,  av\A   he  at 
once  reached  the  conclusion  that  his  delay  had 
been   gladly    taken    advantage   of    by    her    in 
order   to   accept   the  company  of  one    whom 
she  k)ved  more  than  himself.      He  did   not   go 
to  tlie  (huice,  nor  would   he  make  niiu  h   reply 
to    Mrs.    Hancock's   trembling   elYorts   to  jiut 
Mable's   action   in  a  favorable   light,  but  went 
straight  home  and  made  such  e.\])lanations  as 
he  could   to    his   tearful   niotlier.      Talk  as  she 
might,  she  could  not  move  him  from   a  sullen 
fit  of  ilepression,  which  the  night  did  not  wear 
away,  and   in    the    morning    lie   harnessed  his 
horse  and.  drove  away,  with  a  determination  to 
have  a  final   uiulerstauding  with   Mabel.      He 
demanded  that    their  betrothmenl   should   be 
made  imblic,  and  be  sanctioned  by  her  jiarents. 
'I'iial  young  lady  bore  herself  during  the  inter- 
view with  considerable   inde|ienilen(  e,  de(  hir- 
ing herself  as  satisfied  witii  wli.it  she  had  done, 
and  captiously  de<  lined  to  ask  her  parents  to 
ratify   their   engagement,   which   she  dei  lareil 
was  not  considered    as  final,  but    rather  as  a 
matter  subject  to  further  contingencies,  in  all  of 
which  she  developed  a  feminine  spirit  of  conten- 


tion so  cluiracterislic  of  that  sex.  .\tler  much 
talk  and  e.vpo-.tulalion  they  p.irted  mi  .Niger, 
utterly  cstr.mged — slie  most  likely  belii'vicg 
that  it  would  result  in  a  lover's  re((>nt:ilialioii, 
.111(1  never  iheaniing  that  she  would  not  soon 
see  Henry  Backus  again.  Hut  with  him  the 
case  was  closed.  He  felt  that  he  had  loied 
and  lost,  and  that,  in  the  eyes  of  his  ac(|uaint- 
ances,  he  had  been  made  a  tool  of  by  a  liei.rt- 
less  woman.  His  fine  sleigh  was  not  used 
again  th.it  winter.  The  social  parlies  misled 
him,  and  as  the  trouble  between  the  lovers 
gradually  came  out  (but  though  never  a  word 
from  him),  the  country  ])eople  to(jk  two  sides 
in  discussing  the  matter,  nearly  all  the  women 
upholding  Henry;  a"'l  the  men,  more  g.iDant, 
taking  the  part  oi  ..i^abel.  "'  M,  she,  t(Jo,  went 
no  more  abroad,  refusing  even  to  see  James 
.\tweil,  though  he  both  called  and  w'ote. 
Doubtless,  like  many  ancjther,  she  felt  a  secret 
desire  to  rejiossess  what  she  had  recklessly 
thrown  aw.iy,  and  felt  loo'proud  to  iiiake  any 
effort  towards  a  reconciliation. 

Try  as  he  would,  young  iiackus  failed  to 
t.ike  his  former  interest  in  life.  His  mother's 
tearful  face  would  at  times  force  him  to  active 
exertion  on  their  farm,  but  it  was  pl.iin  to  be 
seen  that  his  spirit  was  broken,  and  ih.it  a 
sullen  despondency  h.id  taken  possession  of 
his  mind.  Having  struggled  along  through 
the  summer's  work  and  the  harvesting,  he 
besought  his  mother  to  let  him  hire  a  steady 
young  man  to  do  the  farm  work,  and  then  be 
allowetl  to  go  away  for  a  while.  His  mother, 
thinking  a  change  of  scene  would  help  her 
son,  reluctantly  gave  her  consent,  and  late  in 
November,  Henry  left  his  home  to  be<  onie  a 
wanderer.  I5ut  travel  as  long  and  as  f.ir  as 
he  could,  he  found  it  impossible  to  get  rid  of 
himself.  His  burden  would  not  be  cast  off. 
For  a  month  he  remained  at  .Mbany,  and  then 
went  north  to  Watertown,  I'resi  ott  and 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  and  finally  to  Ottawa,  in 
(Canada.  The  Indian  strain  of  blood,  whii  h 
it  was  said  he  had  inherited,  i)egan  definitely 
to  assert  itself,  more  vigorously,  ])erliaps,  at 
the  sight  of  the  adjacent  forests,  and  he  re- 
solved to  leave  civilization  behind  him  and 
forget,   that  busy    world   where   he    had    l)een 


y •// /■   ./((■./ k/:\/NG  OF  ni:\R  i •  /iacki  -.v. 


177 


so  sadly  deceived,  and  witli  wliicli  he  now 
had  so  little  alliliation. 

Those  whu  have  visited  (Hlawa  will  remem- 
ber the  lieiise  f(jresl  uhii  h  environs  that. 
ilelinhti'ul  eily  heyund  the  ra|iid  river  towartis 
the  north.  Within  a  lew  miles  of  this  t!ana- 
dian  capital  you  can  reatlily  lose  yourself  in 
the  dense  growth  of  trees  ;  anil  into  this  then 
almost  unbroken  wilderness  Henry  iJackus 
launched  himself,  fully  resolved  never  aj^ain 
to  live  among  civili/ed  men.  I'arther  and 
farther  he  journeyed,  iintd  the  stage  route 
dwindled  to  mere  "  buckboard  "' trasel,  then 
to  solitary  paths  marked  by  bla/ed  trees,  until 
.Mexisde-Heau,  upon  the  L'piier  Gatineau,  was 
reached,  and  then  up  that  rapid  stream  he 
pressed  a  himdred  miles  to  Desert,  which  was 
a  mere  fringe  of  clearing  in  that  almost  un- 
broken primeval  forest,  'i'here  llackus  passed 
the  late  spring  ami  summer.  (Irailually  the 
need  of  euiplojinenl  for  his  mind  and  strength 
asserted  itself,  and  he  built  a  small  log  cabin 
v.ith  slf)re-room  in  front,  and  began  to  trade 
with  the  Indians  for  their  furs.  When  winter 
came  on  he  maile  a  journey  out  from  the 
woods  to  Ottawa,  where  he  jjcrfected  an  ar- 
rangement for  the  annual  sale  of  his  jieltry 
and  for  a  regular  consignment  to  him  of  such 
goods  as  his  trade  at  Desert  demanded.  He 
was  gone  a  month,  and  on  his  return  look  uj) 
his  daily  life  as  before,  a  solitary,  inde|)end- 
cnt,  silent  man.  I  leave  the  imagination  of 
the  reader  to  depict  his  feelings,  his  yearn- 
ings for  his  mother,  his  moments  of  frantic 
love  for  Mabel  Hancock,  his  resolve  to  break 
the  s|)ell  that  was  upon  him  and  return  to  his 
old  home  and  frieiuls,  and  for  the  reader  to 
comprehend  the  tieplh  of  a  nature  that  c:ould 
eiulure  in  silence  a  tlisa|ipointment  so  bitter. 

I'or  a  loi\g  time  Mrs.  Ikickus  expei  led  to 
see  Henry  walk  into  the  house  almost  any 
day.  She  managed  her  farm  much  better 
than  she  had  expected,  sa\ing  something 
every  year.  .After  five  years  had  passed,  she 
lost  faith  in  Henry's  return,  and  almost  gave 
him  UJ)  as  dead.  She  fell  sick,  and  was  in 
l)ed  for  a  long  time  ;  then  it  was  that  Mabel 
Hancock  developed  tiic  good  that  was  in  her. 
Ilimibly  she  went   to   the   sick  woman's   bed- 


side, ionfes,-,ed  lur  undying  love  for  Henry, 
took  ,dl  the  1)1. ime  upon  herself  bir  hi-,  de- 
parture and  hing  absciue,  and  volunteered  to 
nurse  .\Ir^.  llacku-,  ihniugh  her  --ii  kne».  At 
lirst  she  was  not  at  all  drawn  touariK  the  girl, 
but  her  remorse  and  self-(  ondenmation  so 
plainly  .ilte^led  her  sincerity  that  she  was  per- 
mitted to  rem.iin.  Shesnon  bec.ime  a  iierma- 
nenl  fixture  .a  Henry's  old  home,  and  so  won 
the  mother's  hrarl  that  the)  never  sep.irateil. 
Jointly  they  m.maged  the  farm,  and  became 
so  knit  together  by  nuitu.d  regard  th.it 
strangers  looked  upon  them  as  motlur  and 
daughter.  |, lines  Atwell  \\m\  married  Har- 
riet and  they  had  moved  away,  bill  .Mabel  did 
not  attenil  her  sister's  wedding.  Woman- 
like, she  cast  upon  .\luell  iiKi^l  of  the  blame 
for  the  imforluiiate  sep.ir.uicjn  t'rom  her  lover, 
wluai,  in  f.ict,  she  was  the  one  mainly  at 
tault,  ihniigh  there  were  tlujse  whu  thought 
Henry  ISickiis  himself  not  without  gra\e 
responsibility  for  the  turn  alf.iirs  IkuI  taken. 
.■\nd  >o  the  years  wore  on  until  M.ibel  was 
ne.irly  40  years  (jf  age  —  comely  in  ligure,  but 
with  a  sad  lace,  seldom  lit  by  a  ^mile.  Her 
const. int  [iiayer  was  that  she  iiiighl  be  ,ible 
to  pay  back  to  Henry's  mother  thai  fealty 
and  support  which  had  been  lost  when  .111  un- 
wise and  needless  ([uarrel  h.iel  tlriven  away 
her  son. 


The  coming  of  ilu  balloon  men  m.ule  an 
abiding  impression  upon  llackus.  He  felt  .1 
return  of  that  longing  for  home  which  he 
thought  he  had  entirely  concpiered.  He  even 
found  himself  full  of  self-ai  cusatif)n,  be<:aus.- 
he  had  not  volunteered  to  personallv  a<  com- 
pany them  to  Ottawa,  for  from  there  he  could 
have  telegraphed  or  written  to  his  mother. 
He  found  it  difficult  to  put  aside  the  inlluence 
these  two  eager,  pushing  men  had  exerted 
upon  him.  They  were  resolutely  bent  upon 
returning  to  that  civilization  he  h.ul  been  so 
willing  to  leave,  and  he  began  to  feel  a  con- 
viction that  they  were  right  in  their  course 
and  that  he  had  been  wrong  in  his.  I'or  three 
weeks  this  struggle  went  on  in  his  heart  until 
he  began  to  realize  the  selfishnes-,  and  folly  of 
his    I'ourse.      He    fell    like    loathiuLr    his    sur- 


178 


w  sof\ir-//<  o/'  rill-:  s/:  i..iirh'i:.\n   av/'aa-. 


iouihIiiil;-'  .w  u  hulls  uiuvoi  lliv  uiu'  \\\\n  1 1. id  in 
his  yoiiiii  given  mu  Ii  .iinplc  promise  i»f  usclul- 
iicss  anil  lionor.  Hard  as  was  tin.'  ^tnii^j;!!', 
however,  and  nun  h  :is  he  fell  the  value  ol 
what  he  iiad  tixi  nilhiessly  cast  away  •o  yijrs 
before,  it  nii^ht  have  l)een  doubtful  what 
rourse  he  wonltl  ultimately  li.ive  t.iken  had 
not  I'rosidence  unmistakablv  wanieil  hiui  that 
he  was  trilling;  with  his  own  lust  interests,  to 
say  nothinn  of  his  disrej;iril  ol  filial  dutv. 

About  the  iniddle  of  ()(  lober,  1X59,  a  jiaity 
of  river  men,  on  their  \va\  up  from  AUxis-le- 
lieau,  the  nearest  |iostoftire,  brouj^ht  him  a 
letter,  whii  h  may  have  read  as  follows  : 

A  I   I  hiMl;,  (  kloli'r  10,  i8|;ij. 

Mv  l)r,\K  SiiN,  if  iiiilird  ymi  ;ire  my  sun  :  I  iiaii 
I.!--!  wicU  In  tin-  S|irliiKrHKI  lufiibliiiiii  .111  .iccoiuit  of 
llic  .nlvt'iitiiri's  (if  ihf  IciM  1j;i1I()oii  nun,  who  ),mvc 
euilit  to  oiiu  Henry  H.ii,kns,  a  trailer  at  Deceit,  on 
lliL  (i.itinc.in  river,  111  Canada,  for  liavini;  aiilctl  tliuin 
in  tlicii  I'llbrls  10  return  to  llicir  liunics.  My  lieart 
proinptcil  iiK-  to  write  to  Mr.  Ilaildoik,  at  Watii- 
lowii,  N.  v.,  foi  a  <leS(ri|)tioii  of  tliis  iknry  Hatkii--, 
and  Mt.  II.  iniinudi.iltly  answered  my  letter.  .M.ik- 
inn  fall  allowance  foi  tli'- diaiiues  -.'o  \eais  may  li.ive 
made.  I  feel  ijiiile  hopeful  tli.u  you  are  my  lon^  lo>t 
.mil  deeplv  mourned  son.  If  so,  do  not  delay  an 
hour,  but  come  lionie  before  it  is  too  late  to  see  yinii 
poor  mother,  now  past  her  6ijtli  year,  but  whose 
pi.iyei  has  ever  been  foi  her  absent  son. 

.Mabel  ll.uicock  has  lived  willi  ine  for  tlie  |)ast  l.s 
years.  She  is  my  stay  and  nrealesl  eomfoit.  and  she 
desiies  me  to  enclose  a  wcnd  from  her.  for  we  are 
more  and  more  convinced  tli.it  >ou  aie  my  lost  son. 
Mv  heart  is  loo  full  to  write  moie.  but  if  you  aie  my 
soil  h.isten  to  my  arms,  foi  a  fresh  disappoiniiiuiit 
01  lonn  delay  may  prove  too  much  for  my  poor 
strength.     .Mlectionately,  yoiii  mother, 

R\i  1111.   Hackis. 

The  note  enclosed  was  from  Mabel;  it  read: 
l)i;\i;i;si  Fkiknu  —  If  you  are  that  Henry  Mackiis 
to  whom  I  was  once  betrothed  in  marriage,  I  feel 
that  I  owe  niiicli  in  the  w.iy  of  apology  for  the  ircat- 
iiieiil  you  received  at  my  liamls  when  1  was  a  young 
and  inex|)erienced  fjirl.  My  past  life  I  oiler  as  an 
evidence  of  my  feelings  towards  you  then  and  now  ; 
vet  that  life  for  many  years  has  been  a  liuiden, 
which  I  could  only  have  borne  for  your  dear 
mother's  sake.  If  you  are  the  lost  one  you  cannot 
be  loo  iiuick  in  hasteiiinn  to  your  true  honu',  for 
your  mother  is  not  lout?  for  this  world. 

Your  attached  friend, 

M.Mll  I     H.SNifii  K. 


U  l>ai;kus  had  beni  i.irdv  in  (,iir\Mi,L;  nut 
the  plans  which  ihr  (iniiiiiunl  the  lost  balloon 
men  appeared  to  prompt,  he  w.is  on  fire  now 
with  imp.itienie,  aiul  (ouiiteil  every  iioiii  .is 
lost  that  kept  him  Irom  the  telegraph.  I'lat- 
inj;  a  trusted  1  leik  in  eharj^e  of  his  business, 
he  parked  up  his  imp(Mlant  papers,  and,  on 
the  uiorniiv^  (d'  the  louitli  d.iy,  w.is  in  ( )tl,iwa. 
seiuiiiii;  a  mess.i^e  to  liist.iiit  lierkshire  that 
he  was  indeed  the  lost  son,  who  had  come  to 
hiiiisell  and  would  sikiii  be  there. 


Having;  thus  I'.ir  de.ill  in  f.u  ts,  1  will  invite 
the  re.uler  himself  to  imai;ine  that  meeting, 
when  li.ii  kiis  found  under  tile  same  roof  his 
beloved  mother  and  th.il  .M.ibel  Hani oi  k  who 
was  theiitetorth  to  rei^n  as  the  undisputed 
idol  of  his  heart.  The  natural  inelination  ol 
a  newspa|)er  idilor  to  fiillow  out  any  imideiil 
of  more  th,m  passiiv,;  interest  with  whit  h  In- 
had  beeome  interested,  impelletl  me  to  make 
iiiipiiry  of  liackus'  subsecpieiit  cireer,  as  well 
as  of  all  th.it  mi^hl  shed  any  li.nlit  u])i)n  his 
histiiry  before  we  met  him  at  hesert.  ()ii  the 
ist  of  January  fuUowinj^  his  return,  he  .mil 
.M.ibel  iianiock  were  married,  .md  the  whole 
nei.uhboihociil  shared  in  the  merry-making. 
lie  soon  sold  his  possession  at  l)esert,  and 
settled  down  in  a  pi  osperiius  e.ireer,  beiotninj^ 
a  le.iilinj;  eili/en  of  his  native  (oiinty.  liini- 
self  and  wife  were  noted  lor  their  hospitalitv 
and  open-haiKled  iharity,  and  it  w,is  especi- 
ally remarked  that  they  were  exceedingly 
lenient  in  their  treatment  of  anyone  who  li.id 
lapsed  from  duty  or  against  whom  society 
held  its  doors  askance.  The  imor  and  the 
out<  ast  found  ready  sympathy  with  then),  and 
IK)  hungry  wayfarer  was  ever  sent  away  i:n- 
lilled. 

The  casual  reader  may  not  be  nnich  iu)- 
pressed  with  the  extraordinary  n)eans  through 
which  Henry  Backus  c  ame  to  be  fuU  "  awak- 
ened "  to  his  true  condition,  but  those  who 
take  a  broader  view  of  these  inciilents  can, 
l)erl)aps,  discover  in  theni  the  workings  of  that 
Supreme  ( )mniscience  which  notes  even  the 
fall  of  a  sparrow. 


^ 


1 


THE  WAR  OF  1755. 


WITH  AN  ALLUSION  TO  THE  "LOST  CHANNEL." 


^^Ill';     most     foniiidahk'     milit.uy    display 
I      whitli  L'Vfi  swept  uvcr  tliu  waters  (jf  tlir 
St.   l.awrciKf,  was   tliat  ol    1760,  (iMnmaiKicd 
!)>■  (l(.n.  JcHrc)   Lord  Amluisi.     It  consisted, 
ad-oiiliiij^   to   Knox,  of  the  isi  and  2d  l.attal- 
ions    of     the    Royal     I  Iit^hlanders,   the    44th, 
t''tii,  and  .55tl'    ic^^inients  of   the  line,  the  4th 
battalion  of  tlie  6otli,  eight   coniijanies  of  the 
77tli,  live  (:oin|)anies   of  the  Soth,  579  (Jren- 
adiers,  597  Linht  Infantry,  three  liattalions  of 
the  New  York  re-inient,  four  l.attalions  of  the 
Connecticut    regiment,  a   regiment   from   New 
jersey,  146   Rangers,   157  „f  ih^    Royal   Artil- 
lery, and  ;i  force   of    Indians  nnder   .Sir   Wil- 
liam   Johnson,    the    whole    anionnting   to   an 
ctfective    force    of    10,142    men.       The   trans- 
portation   f<jr    this    army,    consisted    of    two 
armed    vessels,  the    Onondaga   and    the    Mo- 
hawk;   the    first,    under   the    iimnediate   com- 
mand  of   Capt.   John    I.oring,   who   was   also 
admiral    of   the    lleet,    was    armed  with    fonr 
nine-pounders,    and    fourteen    sixes,    with     a 
crew  of  100  men.     The  second  carried  sixteen 
sixes,  and  a  crew  of  ninety  men;  and  in  adili- 
tion   to  these,  there  were  seventy-two  whale- 
boats,    and    177     hatteaux.      Several     of     the 
whaleboats  were  armed  with  a  gun  each,  and 
some  of   the  batteaux  carried  howitzers.      lie- 
sides   these,    there    were    staff,    hospital    and 
sutler's    boats,    the    whole   to    (piote    from    a 
writer  of  that   time,  who  was  an   eyewitness, 
"making  a  most  imposing  array." 

The  primary  ol)ject  of  the  expedition,  was 
the  capture  of  Montreal,  it  being  one  of  three 
set  on  foot  for  that  ])urpose;  but  its  innne- 
diatc  destination  was  Fort  Levis,  a  strong 
French  fortification  the  ruins  of  which  are  yet 


to  be  seen,  on  what    is   now  called  "Chimney 
Island,"    in    the    St.     Lawrence    river,  a    (ew 
miles  below  Ogdensburg,  whic  h  was  known  to 
the  French    as   "  j.a    I'lesentalion. "      .At    thai 
time.  Fort  Levis,  was  the  only  French  strong- 
hold above  Montreal,  and  its  reduction  was  a 
imlitary  necessity.      The  lorl,  .iccording  to  the 
historian   Mante,  was  begun   early  in  1759,  by 
Chevalier  de  Levis,  who  w.is  afterward  a  .Mar- 
shal  of    France,   and    c cmpleted    by    Captain 
i'ouchot,  by  whom    it    w.is    so   ably  defended. 
This  olli,  er  arrived  .it  the  fort  in  March,  and 
proceeded  to  put  it  in  as  complete  a  ccuidition 
lor  defense  a::  was  po.ssible  with  the  means  .it 
hand.     On   taking  command,  he  found  it  gar- 
risoned by  150  militia,  six  Can.idian   oflic.rs, 
some  colonial  <  adets,  and  M'liertrand  an  offi- 
cer  of  artillery.      .\  reinforcement  of  ,00  men 
was  sent  him  from  below,  but  of  these,  twenty 
soon   deserted,  carrying   away  with    them   the 
batteaux  belonging  to  the  fort.     One  of  these 
deserters  was  a  lad  named  I'ierre  Rigand.      .\ 
few  days  later   his  father   brought    him    back, 
feeling  deeply  the  disgrace  conse.pienl   upon 
having  a  son  who  was  a  deserter. 

It  would  be  a  pleasure  to  find  that  Capt. 
I'ouchot's  Memoirs,  in  which  this  incident  is 
related,  has  been  able  to  add  that  the  young 
man  fought  bravely,  wiped  out  the  disgraie  of 
desertion  and  returned  to  the  arms  of  his 
father,  who  not  only  forgave  him  but  received 
liim  with  open  arms  anil  affectionate  pritle; 
l)Ut  they  do  not.  They  only  state  that:  "  In 
the  battle  which  followed,  I'ierre  Rigand  was 
killed." 

.\s  it  is  no  part  of  our  intention   to  enter 
into  a  minute   descrij-tion  of  the   investment 


li; 


:!  '    1 


I  So 


//  S(ir\'/\/A'  (>/■    iiii:  SI.  i.AWKiSii-:  i<i\I:R. 


m  1 


|!!    I 


I     i 


anil  I  ,i|iluii'  ol  till'  lull,  wc  -ill. ill   I  iiiilfiit  iiiir- 

Sclvt-l   wilil    ,1    (K'M   li|lllclM    1)1     lllC    lX|ll'(litil)ll    .is 

rcl.iiid  l>\  its  historian,  in  its  progiiss  down 
till.'  St.  I.awriMit'c  liviT.  On  llic  jtli  ot  Au^iinI, 
1760,  ('ai)l.  I.niini;  with  histwo  \  l'sslIs  sailed 
troni  ( )s\vc(^o  lor  (iri-ii.idicr  Island,  at  thi'loot 
1)1  l.akc  ()nt.irio.  rollowin;;  in  lio.its  wire 
the  Royal  I  lighl.iiiders  ,niil  ( Iren.iditTs,  coni- 
ni.nuled  li\  l.ieiil.  Col.  M.issey;  the  lij^lit  in- 
lantr\  mulcr  l.ieiit.  I'ol.  .\inlR'r>l,  with  two 
companies  of  Kan^ers,  the  whole  under  the 
eominand  ot'  Colonel  1 1. ildiiuand,  who  after- 
ward siKceeded  Sir  (iu\  Carleton,  as  Co\er- 
nor-(  ieiierai  ant!  Coniniaiider  in-Ch^et  in 
Canada,  t  )n  the  lotli.  den.  Aniiierst  hinisell 
(■ml). irked  with  the  remainder  ol  the  troops, 
lieinn  joined  the  next  day  liy  tlen.  Cage  with 
the  l'r(j\  incial  troops,  among  which  w.is  a 
Connecticut  regiment  under  the  command  of 
l,ieiit.-ta)l.,  afterward  lirigadier-Cien.  Israel 
I'lilnam.  (^n  the  ijth  of  August,  1760,  the 
whole  army  was  eiK  amjied  on  Cireiiadier 
Islanti,  and  their  boats  safely  moored  in  liasin 
Harbor. 

l>y  noon  of  the  i4tli,  everything  was  in 
re.uliness  to  move,  and  the  troitps  were  orderctl 
to  get  their  dinners  and  then  embark  at  once. 
At  two  o'clock  they  were  sweeping  down  the 
suutli  channel  of  the  St.  I.awreme  in  two 
lines  of  boats  which  reached  almost  from 
shore  to  shore.  It  was  an  inspiring  sight. 
The  long  lines  of  boats,  decorated  with  llags 
and  streamers  and  guidons,  the  rowers  keep- 
ing time  with  their  oars  to  the  music  of  the 
military  bands,  relieved  at  times  by  the  bugles 
of  the  Crenadiers  and  the  pipes  of  the  Scotch 
Highlanders,  while  the  two  vessels,  the  Onon- 
daga and  Mohawk,  led  the  advance. 

Hut  the  French  were  not  asleep.  I'"or  some 
time  a  sipiad  of  soldiers,  under  the  command 
of  a  lieutenant,  had  been  stationed  on  Isle  aux 
Chevreuils,  now  Carlton  Island,  from  the 
high  grounds  of  whicii  a  splendid  view  of  the 
lake  is  to  be  had,  as  a  corps  of  observation. 
With  this  squad  was  a  small  body  of  Indian 
scouts,  one  or  two  of  whom,  in  swift  canoes, 
were  detached  at  intervals  to  the  fort  below 
to  warn  its  commander  of  the  approach  of  the 
English  army.     Waiting   until  the  entire   lleet 


h.id  ellleied  the  iivcr,  so  tli.il  iheic  w.is  no 
longer  .iiiv  doiilil  .is  to  ils  destin.ition,  the 
lieiiten.mt  ..nd  his  nun  went  on  bo.ird  ,1 
b, lite, 111,  .111(1  rowed  .iw  iv  down  the  river.  It 
w.is  iliis  b.iitiMii  wliii  li  ii'd  C.ipt.  I.oriiig  of 
the  (  >noiuLig.i  into  trouble.  Hut  we  w  ill  let 
an  esli.H  t  from  the  joiirn.il,  ke|)t  by  the  gal- 
l.iiit  c.ipiaiii,  tell  the  l.ile: 

'.Aim.    I-Hll.        '{"Ilis    .llllinnnll     llic    Clllllc    Hill    set 

s.iil,  iinJ  ,il  lline  nf  ihi-  ilork  iv.is  well  williiii  the 
siiiitli  rliannil  of  ilir  M.  l..i\viiMi  (■  tivir.  mar  the 
isl.iiiil  called,  by  llie  flriiili,  Isle  aii.\  ( 'llcvmiil,  aid 
liv  us  UiK  k  Islam!,  fioni  iIk  foul  of  wliiili  the  look- 
niii  ,11  iliL'  iiiiisilic.iil  (liscoveiol  a  halleau  loailcii 
Willi  licmli  sokliris  |iiii  oil',  ivlii'ii  I  knew  al  once 
lli.it  llic  (  iieiiiy  li.ul  kiiowleilne  of  llie  c.xiniJitloii, 
ami  tlioiiuli  till'  wiiul  was  linlil,  I  signalled  the  Mo- 
ll,nvk  ami  H.ive  cliasc,  liopiii^i  to  ^et  llie  hatleau 
within  i.iii;jc  of  mv  how  yiins.  hill  wliicli  I  f,iilcil  to 
ilo.  The  ( )n(jmla>;,i  was  now  nearly  a  league  ahead 
of  llic  Mohawk,  and  ihc  llotilla  w.is  yet  another 
league  in  the  ir.ii.  the  i  utile  lleit  hiing  fully  eight 
le.igues  from  where  it  sil  sail.  .At  a  |Miiiii  wheie 
three  hills  |iiojert  into  llie  river,  the  li.itteail  veered 
away  and  ran  down  through  a  long  narrow  channel 
hetweun  what  seemed  lo  lie  .1  lar  e  island  and  some 
sm.iller  ones,  and  out  into  a  large  hay,  heyond  which 
siretc  heil  another  hroad  ihannel,  e.isily  seen  fioiu 
the  niastliead.  Having  sounded  ,iml  found  dee|) 
water,  1  deeided  lo  follow;  hul  owing  lo  light  winds 
our  [irogress  W.IS  slow,  iliough  in  uiiining  through 
the  n. 11  low  eh.innel  we  gained  soiuewhal  on  the  hat- 
leau, which  we  soon  lost  sight  of  among  the  isl.imls 
in  the  norlli  channel,  wlii<  h  are  veiy  luimeroiis,  with 
n.iriow  swifl  channels  in  every  direction  hctween 
llieni,  very  dillicult  to  sail  among  unless  favored 
with  a  strong  hrecze,  wliich,  unfortiinati  ly  for  us, 
was  now  very  light,  and  to  add  lo  (jur  diiriculties, 
night  was  at  h'lid.  Had  we  not  lieen  able  lo  ilis 
tingiiish  the  islands  from  the  lookout  al  the  niast- 
liead, we  might  liavi  ihought  that  the  main  land  lay 
ahead  of  us,  hut  willi  what  we  could  see  from  that 
point,  and  finding  iliat  the  eurrcnt  set  strongly  in 
tli.it  direction,  and  knowing  from  some  pievious 
experience  among  the  islands  above  that  llii'  chan 
nels  between  the  islands  were  likely  to  he  deep.  I 
determined  lo  hold  on  to  our  course,  not  doubting 
that  we  should  run  safely  through  the  archipelago, 
if  it  be  proper  to  so  call  a  cluster  of  islands  that  are 
not  in  the  sea.  So  the  Fates  would  have  it,  how- 
ever, we  were  no  sooner  fairly  within  what  seemed 
to  be  the  largest  (liannel  than  the  vessel  was  attacked 
on  every  side  from  the  summits  of  the  islands,  which 
Were  covered  with  trees  and  thickets,  and  our  dei  k 
was  f.iiily  swept  with  arrows  and  muskelry,  while  at 
the  same  time  we  seemed  about  to  strike   "  bows  on' 


i 
% 


! 


Till:    WAH  lU    /r,,-. 


l8l 


# 


Id  ,1  imripicc  (lin'(  il\  .ilic.iil.  I  iiiinifcli.iuly  unlfinl 
<'ii\sw.ijii  Tciiy  .iiiil  his  .  ii'w  111  l(j«'ii  away  one  uf 
llir  ■iii.irliT  Ijiials,  Willi  a  iiicssa(.,-  i<)  llic  Mi.liavvk  lu 
luirih.Trk  in  ilir  ijihcr  clianiul.  and  ilicii  •.ciii  ilic 
111(11  III  ilii:  yiiiis  i|iiiL'IJy,  ilrlviiiK  lilt'  ciH'iiiy  from 
llw  >iiiiimj|s  i)f  ihf  island;  and  jiiin  ilicir  laiiois, 
will  11  ilii\- soon  L'sra|)id  Inlii  ihc  nimicrijiis  rli  inni'ls 
III!  lillici  hand. 

Oiiji  linn  annlh.T  hi):il  hnvcird,  a  snilalil,' i  hannci 
was  siiiiii  found,  ihionuh  wliicli  wu  passed  safely, 
and  anchored  ahoiii  a  leaniie  lalow  the  ihirkisi  of 
llio  Ki'>ii|i  of  islands,  and  wailed  for  Coxswain  Teirv 
and  his  crew  lo  relimi.  After  some  lime,  I  oidered 
i:nsiun  Xaiiy  lo  lalie  ilie  cnller  and  search  for  the 
coxswain  and  his  crew.  After  some  hours  laisiyn 
Uaiiv  reuirned,  ile  had  h.en  hewildered  amon« 
Ihe  iiunierous  channels,  not  heinu  alile  lo  fvcn  dis- 
liiiKiii-ih  the  (haiinels  ihroiiHh  which  the  vessel  had 
come,  nor  ihe  one  l.y  which  she  eiileied  ihe  uioiip 
of  islands,  nor  had  he  discovered  ihe  first  boat 
h>wercd.  r.nsiKii  Harry  called  it  "TIk'  Kivci  of  the 
l.osi  Cliannel."  and  in  that  way  was  it  ever  after 
s|K)l;en  of  amoiiir  ihe  men.  Thinkinmhal  Coxswain 
IVrryand  his  crew  liad  boarded  Ihe  Mohawk,  and 
that  they  would  return  lo  iis  when  we  joined  ihc 
Ihet,  I  determined  to  sail  as  soon  as  the  wind 
freshened, 

"Aiit,'.  15th.  .Ml  this  day  there  was  a  strong  head 
wind,  and  after  sonndiiiir  and  lindinjf  shallow  water 
in  several  places,  I  did  not  think  it  best  to  lack  for 
feai  of  rnnninjr  ajiroiind." 

■'AiiK.  tilth.  'Ihe  lookout  discovered  a  vessel  this 
mornint;  at  a  distance  of  about  four  leagues  coininu 
lip  the  river,  but  we  could  not  make  her  out.  I'le- 
sumiiiK  ihal  it  was  a  French  vessel,  as  we  knew  thai 
Ihiy  had  an  armed  Inij,'  below,  we  jfot  springs  on  our 
cables  in  order  to  veer  if  attacked,  Inil  she  did  not 
come  nearer  lo  11s  than  three  IcaL'ues." 

'•A"K.  iTlh  Wind  siill  contrary.  There  has  been 
heavy   cannonading    down    the    river    to-day   about 


foui  le.inuis  dislanl  bill  hid  from  us  by  islands  It 
c.iiiiiol  be  at  111!  rieiich  I'orl,  which  c.iniioi  be  less 
than  lifieen  h'agues  dist.ini." 

•AuH.  iSih  (ioi  iindiM  weigh  this  allernoon,  and 
will  soon  be   with  the  .iiiin  ." 

"Aug.  ii)ili  Reached  the  army  lo.da>,  .mil  re- 
potted to  (.111,  Audi.  rsi.  Coxsw.iin  Tetry  and  his 
I  lew  .ue  iindoubiedly  lost,  as  they  did  not  board  the 
.Moh.iwk.  but  started  to  return  lo  the  OnondaRa. 
The  tiling  on  the  d.iy  befnie  yesterday,  was  the 
.mack  on  Ihe  Trench  brig  bv  our  armed  gallies  under 
Ihe  (  oinui.ind  of  Col.  Williamson,  who  capunt'd  her 
after  .1  severe  engaginient  Listing  four  hours.  It 
was  a  most  irallam  all.iii.  The  brig  has  been  named 
tin  Williamson,  after  iheRallanl  colonel.  The  fort  is 
|o  be  invested  to-morrow." 

In  spuakinjr  of  this  vuiy  affair  the  iiistorian 
.M  intr  sa\s: 

"All  this  while,  one  of  the  enemy's  vessels  kept 
hoM  ling  about  the  army,  and  as  Captain  Luring  had 
not  \,  I  gill  inii,  the  riylii  channel,  it  became  necessary 
for  the  safely  of  the  army,  eilhi  1  lo  compel  this 
vessel  lo  retire  or  to  take  her.  The  general  was 
therefore  obliged  loonier  Colonel  Williamson  with 
the  row  gallies  well  manned,  to  do  one  or  the  other." 

'I'licn  follows  an  accoiml  of  tlic  baltle  and 
of  thu  ill  hick  wliicli  seemed  to  have  followed 
Captain  I.oriiij;  diiriiij,^  the  attack  on  the  fori, 
at  whieli  lime  his  vessel  ran  .igroimd  and  was 
very  nearly  taken  i)ossession  of  by  the  enemy, 
lint  as  any  further  elescriiition  of  tiie  capture 
of  I'oi-t  Levis  is  not  .germane  to  our  history, 
hecatise  it  took  place  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
Thousand  Islands,  we  brin^r  tl^.  article  to  a 
close,  haviim  shown  the  reader  that  the  name 
"Lost  Channel  "is  by  no  means  a  moik'rn 
invention. 


V 


'$. 


'\ 


rR: 


A    SOVVEMR   OF    THE   ST.    I.AWRES'CE   RIVER. 


THE  CASTORLAND  COLONY. 

1\  rnr.\  ihi  \    nhitcil   lo  llic    St.   Lawrence,  lias    .1    stop-coek    in   it,  >\\c\\    ns    you    see   in 

though    not    liiiiinded    li}   its   wry  sliores,  was  kitelien  wasli-sinks.  In    preM'iit    llic   t(jo   great 

C^astorl.nul.      It  is  descrilied  most  j^rai>liically  rush  of  llie  lliiid  —  so   iliai  wlien   a  bucketful 

ill  "  Haddock's  lii^tory  of  Jefferson   County,"  had  been  drawn  tile  cock  could  be  turned  so 

|)p.  113  to  ii>S.      li  i>  nitensely  inleresiing,  as  as  lo   lose    no  sap    wlii'e    the    attendant    was 

showing;  tiie  futility  of  any  plan   wliic  h  takes  emptying  the  bucket  '      Those  who   know  the 

artisans  and   nice  hanics   from  a  lari;e  cit}-  and  wav  in   which    sap   runs,   a    single  droj)   at   a 

plants  them   upon  the   soil  of  a   primitive  wil-  lime,  will  find  soiuethim;   here  to  laugh   over. 


ri'^uiNn  or-  iuf.  uf.ah  or  "riTrir.  iU(kn aihi  1;. 


\NAIllA\    I'll  NNM'I,. 


ileriiess,    where   ,1    kimuk-dge    bulii    cit    wood-  ilut    it  ^va^^  not  a    iiMlti.i  ol    Kiiighlei   for    these 

craft  and  of  husbandry  is  every  day  reipiired.  ])oor  jieople,   whose    sufferings,   like    those  of 

In    the    illustratio:i    of    their    seal,  shown    on  the   United    Knipire    Loyalists   (driven  out  of 

another    page,    the     reader    will     notice    the  this  (ountry  into  (Canada,  because  they  would 

"Goddess     of    Agriculture"    standing     by    a  not  ignore  their  oaths  to    King   (leorge)  were 

majile  trfe,  from  which   sa|)  is   (lowing   into  a  severe  and  in  some  (ases  fatal.     Hut  we  will  let 

Idu.kel.       I'Kase    to    observe    the    faucet.      It  Major  1 1, iildock  tell  the  story  in  ills  own  way. 


CASTORLAND  AND  THE  FRENCH  SETTLEMENT  THERE. 


/^' »   liic  cxrelletit   ,mii  Ic    hy  Hi;n.   Mr.  In- 
T      j.;alls,  upon  the"  Waturwa) s  of  JclTcrson 
County"  (sec  jiagcs  9-12  of   Haddock's    Ilis- 
toiy),    \vc  wish  to  add  a  few  general  remarks. 
It  is  a  |)ecuh'ar  rliaracteristic,  marking  all  the 
rivers  that  How  in  and  aromul   Northern  New 
York,   that,  excepting  only   tlie  Mohawk,  all 
of    them    llow    from    and    through    larger    or 
suK  Her  chains  of  lakes.     'I'he  noMe  St.  Law- 
rence itself,  which  forms  the   natural    and  in- 
tensely picturesipie  northwestern  boundary  of 
Jefferson  county,  seems  to  be  the  vast   proto- 
type and  pattern  for  all  the  others,  as  it  Hows 
from    its    own    great    continental     system    of 
lakes.     The    Hudson,    (lowing    eastward  like 
the    Mohawk,  is   fed    by  a   system    of    forest 
branches  which  spread  over  the  entire  moun- 
tain  belt  of    the  Adirondack  wilderness,   the 
head  waters  of  some  of  its  tributaries  being 
over  5,000   feet    above  the    level  of    the  sea. 
liiii,  however  interesting  it  may  be  to  follow 
out  this  train  of  thought,  our  s|)acc  constrains 
as  to  (onfine  our  remarks  to  the  streams  which 
llow  into  and  through  Jefferson  ( oiinty,  or  re- 
late   to    waterways    touching    that      county. 
Their  inlluence  upon   the  early  settlements  of 
the  northern   wilderuL'ss  of   1793.  in   drawin" 
to  the   IJIack    River  country  those  in   jMirsuit 
of  water  power  to  driv(>   factories,  can   never 
be   i)ri/ed   too   highly,    nor    too  patic-ntly   de- 
scribed.     These  waters  attracted  to  this  local- 
ity those  whose  minds  were  jjrofoundly  stirred 
l-.ythat  intense  activity  which  always  ])recedes 
great    discoveries    and    great    movements    of 
populations. 

The  Ulack  River  bounds  the  Great  Wilder- 
ness jilateau  of  I.aurentj'in  rocks  on  the  west, 
and  it:,  valley  bounds  the  Lesser  W'ildnerness 
on    the    east       'I'he   principal   (onlluenis   that 


enter  the  HIack  River  from  the  ( 'treat  Wilder, 
ness,  are  the  Moose,  Otter  Creek,  the  Inde- 
l)endence,  and  the  Heaver. 

The  Moose  River  rises  near  the  Racpiette 
Lake  In  the  center  of  the  wilderness,  and 
winds  through  and  forms  the  celebrated  Ivght 
Lakesof  the  T'lilton  chain.  The  Moose  passes 
ill  its  course  the  hunting  station  known  to  all 
freipienters  of  the  woods  as  .Arnold's,  or  the 
Old  Forge,  on  Hrown's  Tract.  'I'his  secluded 
spot  has  long  been  famous  in  forest  story  as 
the  scene  of  John  ISrown's*  fruitless  attempt 
at  settlement,  of  the  failure  and  tragic  death 
of  his  son-in-law  Herreshoff.  of  the  exploits 
of  the  hunter  Foster  and  his  victim,  the  Indian 
1  )rid,  and  of  the  life-long  home  of  ( )lis  .Arnold, 
the  hunter  and  guide. 

'I'he    Independence    River    rises    near    the 
Eight    Lakes  of   the    i'ulton   chain    and   runs 
into  Uhu  k  River  in  the  town  of  Watson,  Lewis 
county,  between    the    Moose    River   and   the 
IJeaver  River.     In  its  course,  this  river  crosses 
the  tract  of   wild  land  known  to  land   specu- 
lators as  Watson's  West  Triangle.     The  Inde- 
jiende.MX'  River  w.is  so  named  in  honor  of  our 
national   holiday  by   Pierre   I'haroux,  the  en- 
gineer and  surveyor  of  Castorland.      Near  the 
south  bank  of  the  Independence,  not  far  from 
the  old  Watson  house,  is  Chase's  lake.     This 
lake  has  long  been  a  favorite  resort,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  accessible    in   the  Wilderness   for 
the  invalid  or  jileasurc  seeker.     The   l!eaver 
River  rises   in  the  heart   of  the  Wilderness  to 
the  north  of  Rarjuette  Lake,  and  running  in  its 
course  through  .Smith's  Lake,  .Albany  Lake,  and 
lieaver    Lake,   waters  the  territory  of  ancient 

*  Nnt  iho  Jdhn  Brown,  of  Harpcr's-Fcrry  fame, 
"whose  l)iiilv  lies  a  iiioiililcriTijr  jn  ih,.  ground,  tiiil 
wlio^c  soul  is  marcliing  on." 


i84 


./  S(->rr/:.\/A'  or  nil-:  sr.  i.a\vri:\ci-:  river. 


CaNtorlmid,  tlu'  ^cat  of  I'li'tirh  iiinnrnro  nii 
tlic  l!hi(  k  River.  licavor  I,:ike.  ;in  ixpansioii  of 
tills  river  at  Nunilier  I''oi:r,  a  famous  siunnier 
ivsort.  is  one  of  tlu'  most  iliarming  hikes  in 
the  wilderness. 

Amoni;  the  proMematical  places  of  the  olilcn 
times  in  Northern  New  \'ork.  whose  names 
were  once  familar  in  I'.uropean  eireles  hut  are 
seldom  lieard  in  modern  story,  no  one  was 
once  more  famous  than  I, a  l-'amine. 

Two  luindred  years  airo,  i,a  l''amine  was  a 
well-known  stojipinn-place  upon  the  eahtern. 
shore  of  Lake  ()ntario  for  the  weary  himter 
and  the  hold  explorer,  and  the  spot  where 
even  armies  encamped,  and  the  amhassadors 
of    hostile    nations    met    in    soh.'mn    cotincil. 


of  the  I.essei  Wilderness  from  the  west  was 
the  Salmon  River.  ( )n  their  way  to  the  hunt- 
ing; i^roimd  thrciiiL;h  Lake  (  hitario,  the  western 
Indi.ms  landed  at  the  mouth  of  this  ri\er,  and 
their  trail  then  led  up  its  banks. 

I, a  I'aminc  then  was  the  ancient  seajjort  of 
this  f.nnous  hunting  ground  of  the  Lesser 
Wilderness,  and  was  situatei)  near  what  is 
now  the  village  of  Mexico,  Oswego  <  oiinty. 
Hence  we  find  on  a  map  of  New  l'"r;.'nce,  pub- 
lished liy  .NLarco  \'incen/o  ("oroneili,  in  168.S, 
tliis  |ila(  e  put  down  at  the  mouth  of  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Salmon  Ri\er,  hut  in  his 
ma|i  it  is  called  La  I'amine  Ri\er.  It  hears 
the  tollowing  ins<ription:  "  J, a  l'"amine,  lieu 
ou  La  plus  jKirt  des  Irtxpiois  iles  banpiet  pour 


:f 


ill 


II^ 


1 «.      \ 


MF.n.M.    ISStMIl    MV    THF,    CMAf^SNAIS    FU  ANIO- AMK.KIC.\  N     l..\.\|i    fOMP.VNV. 

!l''.iii.ir>.'ol  iiru'  hull,  Ironi  iiii  .iTium.il  iii  iMi^session  nf  Uil-  Jolfcrsoii  rmintv  Historical  Sociciv  ) 

To-day  il^  name  can  only  he  lound  on  the  his-  aller  in  traitte  du  Castor,"  wliich  may  be 
toric  page  and  in  the  old  maps  and  musty  translated  thus:  "  La  Famine,  the  jilace 
records,  while  its  locality  is  often  a  matter  of  where  the  greater  part  of  the  Irotpiois  em- 
controversy.  The  ancient  Indian  landing-place  barked  to  go  ii]ion  the  trail  of  the  beaver." 
and  cam[iing-groiind  known  to  the  French  as  The  Lesser  \Vilderness  of  Northern  New 
La  Famine,  was  situated  on  the  shore  of  \'ork  is  situated  upon  the  long  narrow  plateau 
l'"amine  Bay,  now  called  Mexico  liay.  in  the  which  stretches  first  westerly  and  then  nt)rth- 
southeast  corner  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  eriy  from  the  Upper  Mohawk  valley  and  the 
mouth  of   La    Famine   River,  now   known  as  Oneida  Lake  almost  to  tlie  village  of  Carthage. 

The    rocky    ground-work    of   this    ]ilateaii    is 


Salmon  River 

The  Salmon  Ri\er,  the  ancient  FreiK  h  La 
I'amine,  rises  in  the  (  entral  part  of  the  i)lat<?au 
of  the  Lesser  Wilderness  in  the  southwest 
corner  of  Lewis  county,  and  runs  westerly 
through  the  northern   part  of  ( )swego  county 


com])Osed  of  level  strata  of  limestone  and 
slate,  which  rise  in  a  series  of  terraces  of  a 
mile  or  two  in  width  from  its  borders  into  a 
high  level  table  land,  which  has  an  elevalioti 
f  nearlv  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


into  Lake  Ontario.  The  Lesser  Wilderness  Upon  the  central  part  of  this  table  land  are 
was  one  of  the  beavcr-luinting  countries  of  situated  the  forests,  swamps,  marshes  and 
the  Iroquois.     The  key  to  this  hunting  ground      wild  me.adows  of  tiie  Lesser  Wilderni.ss. 


C.IS7VA'/.AXn.    AXn    the  FREXCff  SETT/.i:.\rF..\T    THERE. 


185 


.1^ 


»' 


Down  tlic  mure  rci^ular  terraces  of  its  west- 
ern slope,  locally  called  'l"ug  Hill,  the  streams 
which  rise  in  the  swamps  of  the  Lesser  Wil- 
derness hurry  in  a  series  of  falls  and  cascades 
into  the  Hlack  River,  wearing  deep  chasms  in 
the  yielding  rocks  along  their  courses.  Among 
these  streams  are  the  Deer  River,  the  Silver- 
mine,  the  Martin,  the  Whetstone  and  other 
creeks. 

This  Lesser  Wilderness  was  one  of  the  most 
famous  hunting  grounds  of  the  Lulian.  Its 
woods  were  literally  filled  with  game,  and  its 
streams  with  fish.  La  Hontan  says  that  there 
were  so  many  salmon  in  La  Famine  River  that 
they  often  brought  up  a  hundred  at  one  cast 
of  the  net. 

Castorl.vnd. 

The  summer  tourist,  on  his  way  from  Tren- 
ton Falls  to  the  Thousand  Islands,  may  pass 
through  the  beautiful  and  flourishing  valley 
of  the  Hlack  River,  over  the  Ulica  and  Black 
River  Railroad.  As  the  train  draws  near  to 
the  first  station  north  of  the  village  of  Low- 
ville,  he  will  hear  the  sharp  voice  of  the 
brakeman  crying  oat  "  Cas-tor-land."  He 
will  look  out  of  the  car  window  and  see  a 
wide  level  clearing  of  pasture-land  and 
meadow,  skirted  by  forests,  one  side  of  which 
is  bounded  by  the  river.  In  the  middle  of 
this  clearing  he  will  sec  only  the  small  station 
house,  and  three  or  four  scattered  buildings 
surrounding  it,  and  will  doubtless  wonder 
whence  comes  the  high-sounding  name  for 
such  meagre  surroundings. 

The  story  of  Castorland  is  the  often  re- 
peated tale  of  frustrated  settlements  in  the 
old  wilderness — the  story  of  an  attempt  of  the 
exiled  nobility  and  clergy  of  the  old  regime  in 
France  to  found  a  settlement  in  the  wilds  of 
the  New  World,  where  they  could  find  a 
secure  retreat  from  the  horrors  of  the  Revolu- 
tion in  the  Old. 

This  attempt  was  made  at  the  close  of  the 
last  century  in  the  valley  of  the  Black  River, 
on  the  western  slope  of  the  dreat  Wilderness. 
But,  like  the  settlement  of  the  first  Catholics 
on  the  Patuxent,  the  Jacobites  with  Flora  Mc- 
Donald at  Cape   FY-ar,   the   Huguenots  with 


Jean  Ribault  at  Port  Royal  ;  like  New  Anister- 
dain  on  the  Hudson,  New  Swetlen  on  the 
Delaware  ;  like  Acadie  in  Nova  Scotia, — Cas- 
torland on  the  Black  River  lives  now  only  in 
jjoetry  and  history.  Its  story  is  one  of  bril- 
liant promises  all  unfulfilleil,  of  hojjes  defer- 
red, of  man's  tireless  but  fruitless  endeavor, 
of  woman's  tears. 

To  rescue  this  name  so  fraught  with  histor- 
ical associations  from  oblivion,  it  was  applied 
to  the  railroad  station  which  is  nearest  to  the 
site  of  the  largest  projected  city  of  ancient 
Castorland.  That  city  was  laid  o>it  on  the 
Beaver  River,  which  flows  into  the  I'.lack 
River  from  the  wilderness  nearly  opposite  this 
station. 

For  the  purpose  of  effecting  the  settlement 
of  Castorland  a  company  was  formed  in  Paris, 
under  the  laws  of  France,  in  the  month  of 
August,  1792,  and  styled  La  Compagnie  de 
New  York.  On  the  31st  day  of  the  same 
month  the  company,  by  its  agent,  Pierre 
Chassanis,  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  lying 
in  the  valley  of  the  Black  River,  of  William 
Constable,  who  was  the  owner  of  Macomb's 
Purchase.  This  tract  lay  along  both  sides  of 
the  Black  River  below  the  High  Falls,  and  ex- 
tended westerly  through  the  counties  of  Lewis 
and  Jefferson  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  easterly 
into  the  heart  of  the  Oreat  Wilderness.  The 
Castorland  purchase  at  first  comprised  the 
whole  of  great  lot  No.  5  of  Macomb's  pur- 
chase, and  contained  610,000  acres.  But  sub- 
setjuently  all  south  and  west  of  the  Black 
River,  being  the  part  which  now  constitutes 
the  richest  towns  of  Lewis  and  Jefferson  coun- 
ties, was  given  up,  and  only  that  lying  to  the 
north  and  east  of  the  river  retained.  The 
])ortion  so  retained  contained  only  210,000 
acres.  This  was  the  Castorland  of  the  olden 
times. 

The  name  Castorland,  that  is  to  say,  the 
Land  of  Beavers,  is  doubtless  a  literal  transla- 
tion of  the  old  Indian  word,  which  means  the 
"  Beaver  Hunting  Country,"  Castorland  being 
taken  out  of  the  western  half  of  this  old  In- 
dian hunting  groimd. 

During  the  negotiations  between  Constable 
and  Chassanis  for  this         ;,the  French  Revo- 


i 


isr, 


,1  S(Vr/:.y/A'  oi-    tiif  si\  law r i:\ri-  ni\-i:R. 


I 


ii 


:l  J 


!1 
1     I 


liitinii,  ill, it  li.id  Ik'i-ii  -^11  Innj;  •iiiioulderini^.  burst 
tnith  in  all  its  sava^i'  fmv,  and  tlu'  slircis  nl' 
I'aris  were  siiiipi'ry  with  luiinan  i^nrc.  Cim- 
stahlf  locked  ihe  door  nl"  tlic  a|Mitmi'nt  in 
whicli  tlu'V  nut,  with  the  icinark  thai  "it  ihcy 
|iart(.'d  hclnic  tlir  luiicliasi'  was  ciimiiU'tcd 
thoy  iniLihl  lu'vcr  na'ct  auain."  'i'iic  palacL'  of 
till.'  TuilK'tiL's  was  aliL-ath  smioundt'd  li\'  tlu' 
liioodthirslv  i  loli.  'I'lic  attendants  ol'  the 
royal  fainilv  were  Initi  hered.  and  the  t'eelile 
kini;  <ast  into  a  dungeon.  In  ( (imparison 
with  surh  awful  scenes  as  those  in  the  very 
hearl  of  the  hii;hesl  (  ivili/atinn  the  world  had 
ever  seen,  the  savage  wilderness  of  the  old 
American  forests  was  a  scene  of  peai  efiil  vest. 
To  the  fut,'itive  noblesse  of  I'' ranee,  the  former 
l)osscssors  of  L^reat  titles,  rank,  vveallh  and 
r:ulture,  the  (|uiel  shades  of  C'astorland  af- 
forded a  sc<ure  asylum  from  the  liorrors  oi 
the  Reij^n  of  'I'error. 

Sciif.viK,  OI'  St:  I  I  i.KMiA  r. 
A  romantic  scheme  wa>  at  oiue  conceived 
and  pi'ifecied  by  the  company  in  I'ari^  for  the 
setllemeiit  of  ("astnrland.  In  pursuance  of 
this  scheme  a  pam|ililet  was  [irinted  in  Paris 
and  i' sued  by  the  Comp.iny,  containing  a  ])ro- 
gramine  of  coloni/ation  under  its  auspices. 
This  pamphlet  was  entitled  "Association  for 
the  ])urchase  and  settlement  of  600,000  acres 
of  land,  granted  by  the  Stale  of  N'ew  \'(uk, 
and  situated  within  thai  Slate,  between  the 
451!  ami  t.jth  degrees  of  latitude,  upon  Lake 
Ontario,  and  tiiirty-t"ive  leagues  from  the  city 
and  port  of  Albany,  where  vessels  land  from 
ivirope. "  It  set  forth,  among  other  things,  in 
uluwing  ( olors,  the  wealth  of  agriculture  pre- 
sented by  its  fertile  soil,  the  fine  distribution 
of  its  waters,  its  lacililii's  for  an  exti'iided  < om- 
merce  on  account  of  its  location  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  dense  population,  and  above  all  the 
security  afforded  to  iis  inhabitants  by  the  laws 
of  a  |)oople  who  were  independent  and  rich 
with  their  own  capital,  thus  extending  to  the 
immigrant  all  the  benefits  of  liberty  with  none 
of  its  drawbacks.  It  was  staled  that  the  ob- 
ject of  the  proprietors  was  to  form  of  the 
colony  a  sort  of  family,  in  some  way  united  bv 
common    interests   ,md    common    \v  ints,    and 


thai  to  maintain  this  union  of  inierests  a  plan 
had  been  devised  tint  rendered  each  meiiiber 
directly  interested  in  the  whole  properly.  Ii 
vv.is  to  be  done  bv  and  in  the  name  of  .Sieiir 
Chass.iiiis,  ill  whose  name  they  had  |iur<hased 
tlu'  estate,  and  who  alone  had  power  to  issue 
(  ertificates  of  ownershiii. 

There  were  6,000  (ertificates  to  be  issiu'd. 
each  entitling  the  holder  thereol  lo  owiiershi]) 
in  111. inner  following;  The  uliole  tr.ict  at  that 
lime  ((insisted  of  6,50,000  acres.  Of  this  600,- 
000  were  divided  into  1  .\ooo  lots  of  liftv  a(  res 
e.ich,  and  the  |irice  of  e.icli  sli.ire  fixed  at  Soo 
livres  (^is-'.^S).  In  ihe  beginning,  6,000  lots 
were  set  apart  for  individual  properties,  and 
the  other  6,000  lots  were  to  belong  lo  .1  (diii- 
moii  slu(  k  which  w.is  to  be  divided  at  some 
liilure  time,  after  improvements  had  been 
made  thereon  by  ihe  coiiipanv.  Ivk  h  luihler 
of  .1  (  ertilic.ite  w.is  to  receive  al  once  ,1  deed 
lor  .1  separate  lot  of  liflv  acres,  to  be  drawn 
bv  lot,  and  also  a  lot  of  fifty  .icres  in  the  ( oin- 
iiioii  undivided  slo(  k. 

Of  the  50,000  remaining  acres,  2,000  were 
set  .apart  for  .1  (  ily  lo  be  formed  on  the  great 
river  in  tin.'  interior,  and  j,ooo  more  for 
another  city  on  Lake  Ontario,  ;it  ihe  mouth 
of  the  IJhu  k  River,  whi(  li  was  to  form  a 
port  ,ind  entrepot  of  ( ommerce.  .\inong 
artisans  6,000  .acres  were  to  be  divided  and 
rented  to  them  al  twelve  sous  per  a(  re.  The 
]irocee(ls  of  the  20,000  acres  remaining  were 
to  b('  expemk-d  by  the  ('()m|)aiiy  in  the  < 011- 
struclion  of  roads,  bridges  :\ntl  oilui  improve- 
nu  Ills. 

The  two  cities  were  divided  into  i.|,ooo  lots 
each.  Of  these  lots,  2,000  were  set  ap.irt  lor 
(  liurches,  schools,  m.ukets,  etc.  The  remain- 
ing 12,000  lots  were  to  be  divided  among  the 
6,000  holders  of  certifuMtes  in  the  same  m. in- 
ner as  the  large  tract,  —  (.■a(  li  holding  one 
separate  lot  aiul  one  in  ( omiiion. 

The  affairs  of  the  company  were  to  be  min- 
aged  by  five  trustees,  tliret'  to  remain  in  Paris 
and  two  ujion  the  tract. 

Such  was  the  scheme  matured  in  the  salons 

of    P. iris    for    Ihe    settlement    of   Caslorland. 

Heaulifiil  and  ]ir(nnising  beyond  nu'asiire  upon 

a|)er,  as  an   .'.leal,  but    ntterl)    iiniira(  tieable 


I. 


,»: 


•4 


1  I 


M 


p  li 


C,lS/(iA'/..l.\7l    .h\'I)    I  HI:    IREWII  Sl/n  I.EMEX ,     Til  ERE. 


ISQ 


and   l)itliMl\  disaiipointiiif;  as  a  reality.      Yet 
many  .-.hares  wore  eagerly  taken. 

Okgani/ A  I  lOK. 

On  the  -'iSth  of  June,  179,?,  it  being  the 
^ci  (ind  year  ot  tiie  I'Vench  RepnIiUc,  the  actual 
hiililers  of  certificates  convertible  into  shares 
of  I, a  Coinjiagnie  de  New  York  met  in  the 
rooms  of  Citizen  Chassanis,  in  Paris,  to  organ- 
ize their  society  u|)i)n  the  basis  already  estab- 
lished, and  to  regulate  the  division,  survey 
and  settlement  of  their  lands.  There  were 
present  at  that  meeting  forty-one  shareholders 
in  all,  who  represented  1,880  siiares.  They  i)er- 
fected  and  completed  their  organi/atinn;  they 
adii[ned  a  long  and  elaborate  constitution;  they 
(hose  a  seal  for  their  corporation,  and  ap- 
pointed five  commissaries  to  manage  its  af- 
fairs, three  for  Paris  and  two  for  Castorland. 
In  the  meantime  the  tract  had  been  re-con- 
veyed, and  the  large  part  lying  west  and  south 
of  the  llkick  River  given  up,  tlie  part  retained 
being  that  lying  east  and  north  of  the  river, 
and  containing  only  210,000  acres.  To  ac- 
cord witli  this  fact  the  number  of  shares  was 
reduced  from  6,000  to  2,000.  It  was  at  this 
meeting  that  a  silver  piece  was  ordered  to  be 
struck,  termed  a  "  Jetton  de  presence,"  one 
of  which  was  to  be  given  at  every  meeting  to 
each  commissary  as  an  attendance  fee.*  |  See 
engraving,  p.  184.] 


*  Tlicse  pieces  occur  in  coin  c.ibinets,  .ind  have 
l)ii'n  erroneously  I  allctl  "Castoiland  half  dollars." 
\  jillon  is  a  piece  of  niclal  struck  with  a  device,  and 
clislributcd  to  be  kept  in  conmicmoration  of  some 
event,  or  to  be  used  as  a  counter  in  games  of  chance. 
Till'  one  here  noticed  was  termed  a  "jetton  de  pre- 
sence," or  piece  "given  in  certain  societies  or  com- 
panies to  each  of  the  members  at  a  session  or  meet- 
ing." It  was  engraved  by  one  of  the  Duvivier 
brothers,  eminent  coin  and  metal  artists  of  F'aris. 
The  design  represents  on  the  obverse  the  head  of 
Cybele,  who  personified  the  eartli  as  inhabited  or 
cultivated,  while  on  the  reverse  Ceres  has  just  tap- 
ped a  maple  tree,  in  which  will  be  observed  a  s|)()ut 
provided  with  a  stop  to  withhold  the  sweet  sap  wlien 
it  (lowed  too  fas* 

The  Latin  legend  on  the  reverse  is  a  ipiotation 
from  Virgil,  which,  with  its  context,  reads  : 

"  StiTii     »tii;;ii,x    piirciii    fntguiiiy     Saluiitia     tcllus 


'I'he  coiniiiissaries  appointed  for  America 
were  Simon  !>esjardiiies  and  Pierre  Pharou.x, 
who  lost  no  time  in  proceeding  to  .\merica  to 
execute  their  important  trust.  Desjardines 
had  been  a  Chamberlain  of  I.ouis  X\T.  He 
was  of  middle  age,  an  ai coinplished  s(  holar 
and  gentleman,  but  knew  not  a  word  of  Knglish 
when  he  arrived.  He  had  with  him  his  wife 
and  three  children,  and  his  younger  brother, 
Geoff ry  Desjardines,  who  shared  his  labors 
and  trials.  He  also  brought  with  him  his 
library  of  2,000  volumes.  Pierre  Pharou.x, 
the  surveyor,  who  was  afterwards  drowned,  was 
a  distinguished  young  architect  and  engineer 
of  Paris,  of  high  scientific  attaintnents  and 
marked  ability.  He  was  earnestly  and  faith- 
fully devoted  to  his  duties;  and  his  love  of 
science,  his  honesty,  his  good  sense,  and 
genial  and  ardent  friendship  were  manifested 
in  all  his  doings.  He  left  behind  him  in 
I'rance  an  aged  father  to  mourn  his  untimely 
death. 

They  sailed  from  Havre  on  the  4th  day  oi 
July,  1793,  in  the  .\merican  ship  Liberty,  but 
did  not  arrive  in  New  Vork  until  the  7th  of 
September  following.  There  catiie  over  in  the 
same  vessel  with  them  a  young  I'rench  refugee 
named  Mark  Isambart  Hrunel,  who  afterward 
filled  the  world  with  his  fame  as  an  engineer 
in  Kngland.  Hrunel  had  been  in  the  French 
navy,  and  was  driven  from  home  on  account 
of  his  royalistic  proclivities.  He  went  with 
them  in  all  their  journeys  through  the  wilder- 
ness, and  shared  in  all  their  hardships  during 
the  first  year,  but  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
employed  by  them  in  (Castorland. 

Tni:iK  IiKsT  Exploration. 

Soon  after  their  arrival  in  this  country, 
Desjardines  and  Pharoux,  with  their  friend 
Mrunel,  set  out  on  a  voyage  of  exploration  to 
their  '"promised  land"  in  the  wild  valley  of 
the  Black  River.  To  realize  the  difficulties 
of  the  undertaking,  the  reader  must  bear  in 
mind  that  the  country  they  were  in  (piest  of 
lay  far  from  Albany  in  the  depths  of  a  howling 
wilderness,  which  had  then  never  been  visited 
by  white  men,  excejU  around  its  border,  or 
when  carried   across  it  as  prisoners  in   savage 


IQO 


,/  .svr/v- \7A'  "/    /■///    >■/    I  .iwh-i:scr  h'/r /■:/:. 


Ii.iiulh  ;  lli.il  llu'  tmly  imiir  u<  il  u.i>  up  llic 
Muliawk,  in  ballcaux,  in  Imi  Stainvix,  nuw 
llic  city  ol  Ri>iiR-  ;  lliciu  c  liy  llic  nay  ul  WUod 
crcL'k,  llic  (  liRiila  lake,  anil  iIr'  (Jswcgo  river 
to  Lake  (  hUari(j.  .\\\i.[  Iroin  Lake  ( >ntariu  tip 
tlie  unexplured  rmiteot'tlie  l!ia(  k  Kiver.  It  was 
over  tile  old  Indian  tr.iil,  the  savage  warpath 
of  the  l''renih  ajul  Iniliaii  and  of  the  Kevohi- 
tiunary  wars,  and  even  then  there  was  threat- 
ened .1  general  Indian  war  by  all  the  tribes 
around  our  borders.  I'.ut  in  the  face  of  all 
these  ilitVn  ulties  our  explorer>,  in  the  autumn 
of  179,5,  ^<-'  uut  f(jr  Castorland. 

In  describing  their  passage  over  the  tarry- 
ing place  from    I'ort    Slanwix  to  Wood   creek, 


ol  the-.!.'  'runks,  presentmg  ,il  once  the  niiages 
ot  life  and  ileath." 

The  fort  at  Oswego  was  still  held  by  a 
llrilish  garrison.  Jealous  of  {''rem  hmen,  the 
I ommander  .it  tirsl  refiiseil  to  allow  them  to 
pass  into  Lake  Ontario,  but  il  was  finally 
arrangetl  that  lirunel  should  rem.iin  as  a 
hostage  for  the  good  condui  t  .mil  s.ile  return 
of  the  others,  lirunel,  ho'vever,  w.is  refused 
.iccess  to  the  fort,  and  was  ordered  tu  encimp 
.done  in  the  woods  on  the  iiiijiosite  side  ol  the 
river.  Considering  that  such  treal'uent  in- 
validated his  parole,  he  escaped  from  Os.vii/o 
disguised  as  a  (  onnnon  s.iilor.  .md  proceeded 
with    Ills  friends   on    their   expedition.      'I'liey 


^ 


M 


near  where  the  four  busy  tracks  of  the  \ew 
^'ork  Centr.d  Railroad  now  run.  they  wrote  in 
their  journal,  under  d.ite  ul  ( )(  lober  loth: 
■'  Ujion  taking  a  walk  into  the  woods  a  short 
distance  we  saw  on  every  hand  it  w.is  ,1  fear- 
ful solitude.  VoLi  .ire  stoppetl  sometimes  by 
impassable  swamjis,  and  at  other  times  by 
lie.ips  of  trees  th.it  h.ue  f.illen  from  age  or 
have  been  o\erihrown  by  storms,  and  among 
which  an  infinite  number  of  insects  and  ni.iny 
scjuirrels  find  .1  retreat.  On  every  liand  we 
see  the  skeletons  of  trees  overgrown  with 
moss  and  in  every  stage  of  decay.  The  cajiil- 
laire  and  other  plants  and    shrubs   spring  out 


jiroceeded  (autioiisly  along  the  shore  of  the 
Like  over  the  route  that  had  become  historic 
by  the  i>resence  of  M.  de  la  Uarre  ;iiul  his 
army  in  their  visit  to  ],a  I'ainine  in  16.S4,  and 
of  I'.ither  (!liarlevoix  in  i7:!o,  and  which  had 
so  often  been  traversed  by  their  countrymen 
in  the  palmy  days  of  the  old  Imcih  h  occu- 
pancy, until  their  arrival  at  Niaoure  b.iy,  now 
tailed  IJI.K  k  River  bay.  Here  after  ;i  long 
search  they  discovered  the  mouth  of  the 
lilack  River,  the  great  river  tiiat  watered  C'as- 
torland.  Hut  it  was  already  so  late  in  the 
season  that  they  only  explored  the  river  up  to 
the  point  some  five  or  six  miles  above  the  falls 


Iti 


C./.s/VVvV-./A'A    .l.\7>    THE   IRi:\<  II   SF.TTI.I-.M  EXI     I  HERE. 


U)\ 


ill  \V;itcrt()wii,  .111(1  lliiit  iL-tiirncd  to  Alljain 
t(j  toiniiklL-  lliuir  |irci);iraliuns  for  the  nuxl 
yell's  joimuN. 

In  tlic  aiitiiiiin  ol  iS55,tli>.'  Iluii  Amelia  M. 
Muiiay,  maid  ot  Imnnr  to  (^)uL'L'n  \'ii  tnria, 
made  a  tour  nf  iIr-  United  States  and  Clanada, 
tlir()Uj;li  llie  lake  bell  of  llie  Wilderness,  over 
tile  route  now  so  miu  h  tra\elled.  Her 
( ompanions  were  tiov.  Horatio  Seymour, 
the  ( loxernor's  i)ie(  e  and  other  friends. 
On  their  w.iy  they  stoiiped,  of  loiirse,  at 
Arnold's,  iiiil  1  will  let  the  l..idy  Amelia 
tell  the  story  in  her  own  words,  as 
written  in  her  di.iry,  under  date  of  Sep- 
tember JO,  ;S55:  "Mr.  Seymour  re- 
mained to  III, ike  arrangements  with  the 
guides,  while  his  niece  and  I  walked  on 
to  Arnold's  farm.  'I'here  we  found  Mrs. 
.Arnold  and  six  daii;;hters.  'I'hese  j;irls, 
ai;e(l  from  twelve  to  twenty,  were  |)lai  ed 
in  a  row  .i^ainst  one  wall  of  the  shanty, 
with  looks  so  expressive  of  astonishment, 
ili.U  I  felt  puzzled  to  aceounl  for  their 
111, inner,  till  their  iiiolhe!  intormed  ns 
they  had  never  before  seen  any  other 
woman  than  liersclt  I  1  could  not  eli(  it 
,1  word  from  them,  but,  at  last,  when  I 
bej^i;ed  for  a  little  milk,  the  eldest  went 
and  broiij;hl  me  a  glass  (tin  cu])).  'I'hen 
I  remembereil  that  we  had  met  a  single 
hunter  rowing  himself  ow  the  .Moose 
Kiver,  who  called  out,  '  Where  on  'arth 
do  them  women  come  from.'''  .\nd  onr 
alter  experience  fully  explained  why 
hidies  .ire  such  rare  birds  in  that  locality." 

Tin;  Si'-.r ri.KMKNf  ok  C'.xsioim.and. 

The  next  spring,  being  in  the  year  i79.(,  the 
Desjardines  15rotliers  and  I'haroux,  with  a 
large  company  of  men,  with  their  surveyors 
and  assistants,  took  U|i  their  toilsome  journey 
from  Schenectady  to  their  forest  possessions, 
being  this  time  fully  eiiiiipped  to  begin  their 
settlement.  Their  route  this  year  was  ii])  the 
.Mohawk  in  batteaux  to  I'"ort  Schuyler,  now 
Utica,  thence  overland  across  the  Deerlield 
hills  sixteen  miles,  to  the  log  house  of  Haron 
Steuben,  who  had  then  just  commenced  his 
improvements  upon  his  tract  of    i6,ooo  acres 


gr. lilted  him  b\  the  St.ite.  !•  roni  .Steuben's  it 
w.is  twenty-four  miles  further  through  the 
trackless  forest  to  the  High  Kails  on  the  lUack 
River  in  Castorland. 

The  difliciilties  of  the  journey  then  still  be- 
fore them  can  scarcely  be  imagined  by  the 
re.ider   of    to-day.      .\t    length    they    re.u  heil 


their  tract  on  the  welcome  banks  of  the  Rl.ick 
Ri\er,  and  began  their  labors.  Hut  there  is  no 
space  in  these  pages  to  follow  them  in  their 
operations,  in  their  sore  trials  and  their  bitter 
disaiiiiointmeiUs,  their  final  discomfiture  and 
utter  failure. 

Suffice  it  to  say  that  they  began  a  little  set 
tiement  on  the  banks  of  the  ISlack  River,  at 
the  ])lace  now  called  l.ym's  Falls.  That  thev 
surveyed  their  Kinds  and  laid  out  one  of  their 
cities.  Castorville,  on  t'.ie  Heaver  river,  at  a 
])lace  now  called  Beaverton,  op|)osite  the 
little  station  now  called  C!ast;>rland,  in  mem- 
ory of   their   enierjirise.     Thai   'hey  laid  out 


r 


I.;: 


//  so/  I  j:.\7A'  or  iiii:  sr.  iawri-sci-:  river. 


tlicit  otlui  (  ity,  till'  l.ikf  port,  wliic  h  tlii'y 
named  "C!ily  of  Daslc,'"  at  wliat  is  now  l)c\- 
tcr,  hclow  Watcrtowii,  and  in  1795  ilu'y 
founded  the  present  village  of  Cartilage.  That 
I'liaroux  w.is  ai  cidcntally  drowneil  in  the  river 
at  Watertown  in  ihe  lall  uf  ijij^.  'I'hat  1  )es- 
jarilines  gave  up  the  agency  in  despair  in  1797 
and  was  su<ieeded  Ijy  Riidolphe  'I'illier, 
"  Mend)erof  the  Sovereign  Count  il  of  lierne," 
who  in  turn  gave  place  to  (louverneur  Morris 
in  iiSoo,  and  that  the  lands  llnally  became  the 
jiroperty  of  James  Donatien  I.e  Kay  de  Ciiau- 
mont,  his  associates  and  grantees. 

".\ficr  toil  and  many  iroiiblcs.  SLlfcxiled    fur   nuiiiy 

yeais, 
Long  delays  and  sad  niisfurtunts,  man's  rigiLts  and 

WDin.in's  lears- 
I'nfullilltd  llic  biilljant  oiilset,  broken  as  a  chain  (jf 

sand, 
\V 'ic  the  (golden    txpcctaiiuns  by  Orandu    Ra|jidLs' 

proinisrd  land." 

Dk.MII    01      I'lr.kKK     I'llARdUX. 

One  of  the  saddest  incidents  in  the  story  of 
Casiorland  is  the  ileath  ul  I'harou.x,  at  the 
falls  of  Watertown,  in  1795.  In  September 
of  that  year,  after  the  river  had  been  swollen 
by  heavy  rains,  I'harou.x  set  out  with  lirod- 
head,  'I'assart  and  others,  all  surveyors,  on  n 
journey  to  Kingston.  In  passing  down  the 
river  on  a  raft,  ihey  were  drawn  over  the  falls. 
Mr.  Brodhead  and  three  men  were  saved,  but 
I'haroux  was  drowned.  The  survivors  made 
iMiremitting  search  for  IMiarou.x's  body,  but  it 
was  not  lound  until  the  following  s])ring.  It 
was  washed  ashore  ujion  an  island  at  the 
mouth  of  HUick  River,  where  it  was  found  by 
Benjamin  Wright,  the  surveyor,  and  by  him 
decently   buried   there.      M.  LeRay  de  Cliuu- 


mont  many  ye.irs  afterwards  ciused  .1  m.iriile 
tablit  to  be  set  in  the  r<jck  near  his  grave, 
bearing  this  inscription: 

TO     llIK    Ml  M(>KV    (M 

I'll'.RRK     !•  II  .\  R(>  I' .\, 

'I'mIS       I>1.AM)      Is      ('i).\sI.(  ka  ri.ii. 

The  reader  will  remember  that  the  ye.ir  be- 
fore his  death,  I'haroux  had  dis( overed  and 
nanieil  the  river  Inde[iendence,  in  Castorland, 
and  had  selected  a  beautiful  spot  at  its  mouth 
on  the  niack  River,  near  a  large  Hat  granite 
rock,  for  his  residence.  'I'his  sjiot,  called  by 
the  Desjardines  Brothers  Indejiendenc  e  Rock, 
was  ever  afterwards  regarded  by  them  with 
melancholy  interest.  'I'hey  could  not  pass  it 
without  shedding  tears  tf)  the  memory  of 
their  long-tried  and  trusted  frienil.  Under 
date  of  May  jS,  171/),  Simon  1  )esjartlines,  the 
elder  brother,  recorded  in  his  journal  : 
"  Landed  at  half-past  two  at  Independent  e 
Rock,  and  visited  once  more  this  charming 
spot  whi(  h  had  been  so  beautifully  chosen  by 
our  friend  I'haroux  as  the  site  for  his  house. 
The  a/aleas  in  full  bloom  loaded  the  air  with 
their  perfume,  and  the  wild  birds  s.mg 
sweetly  around  their  nests,  but  nature  has  no 
longer  any  pleasant  sights,  nor  fragrance,  nor 
music,  for  me." 

Castoki.am),  AdiI'.i;  ! 

.And  now  ancient  Castorland  may  be  added 
to  the  long  list  of  names  once  famous  in  the 
cities  of  ICurope,  and  long  celebrated  in  the. 
forest  annals  of  Northern  New  York,  but  now 
forgotten,  and  found  only  in  history  and  song 
—  feebly  commemoratid  by  the  name  of  an 
inbigailkanl  railway  station. 


^A^ 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THE   THOUSAND   ISLANDS. 

By  Travellers  and  by  Historical  and  Statistical  Writers. 


F.ATflKK    ('llAKI.KVlilX  —  (l7:!l) 

P)IKRRK  FK.\Nt:OIS  X.WIKR  CHAR- 
■"^  I.IOVOIX  was  burn  in  i6«.',  bucanie  a 
Jesuit  jiriust,  and  in  1720-1722  made  a  voyage- 
to  North  America  uniler  orders  from  the  King 
ot  Krancc.  Passing  up  tiie  St.  Lawrence  and 
through  the  lakes,  he  found  his  way  to  the 
.\Iississi|)i)i,  and,  after  encountering  many 
difhcuhies,  finally  reached  San  Domingo,  and 
returnet!  from  thence  to  l-'runce.  Mesitics  his 
journal  of  Travels,  which  was  written  in 
epistolary  form,  he  wrote  a  History  of  New 
France,  which  is  regarded  as  high  authority. 
He  closed  a  life  devoted  to  study  and  travJl, 
on  the  iSth  of  February,  1761. 

The  Journal  of  his  Travels  abounds  in  his- 
torical, ethnological  and  tojiograjjhical  infor- 
mation, and  he  was  a  close  observer  of  Natural 
History.  His  description  of  this  region  is 
brief,  and  is  given  in  a  letter  ilated  at  Cataro- 
<oui  (Kingston),  May  14,  1721,  in  which  he 
says  : 

Five  or  SIX  leagues  from  la  Galitte  is  an  island 
called  T^.iiinta,  the  soil  of  wliicli  appe:irs  tolerably 
feitile,  and  wliicli  is  .ihoiil  half  a  league  long.  An 
lro<iuois  called  '  77/,' ().■„,/■,  v,'  for  what  reason  I  know 
not  — a  man  of  excellent  good  sense,  and  much  de- 
voted to  the  French  -  had  obtained  the  right  of  it 
from  the  Count  de  Fiontenac,  and  he  shows  his 
I'aleiu  to  ei-erybody  that  desires  to  see  it.  lie  has, 
however,  sold  his  Lordship  foi  four  pots  of  brandy! 
but  he  has  reserved  the  usufruct  for  his  own  life,  and 
has  got  together  on  it  eighteen  or  twenty  families  of 
his  own  nation.  I  found  him  at  work  in  his  garden; 
this  is  not  usual  with  the  Indians,  but  this  person 
afreets  to  follow  all  the  French  manners.  He  re- 
ceived me  very  well,  and  would  have  regaled  me, 
but  the  fine  weather  invited  me  to  pursue  my  voyage.' 


I  look  my  leave  of  him,  and  went  to  pass  the  iiighi 
two  leagues  from  h.iice,  in  a  very  pieasam  -pot.  I 
had  still  thirteen  leagues  (o  sail  before  I  could  leaeli 
Catarocoui;  the  weather  was  line,  .ind  the  night  very 
clear.  This  prevailed  wiih  us  to  embark  at  three  in 
the  morning.  We  passed  through  the  middl.  of  a 
kind  of  an  archigelago,  which  they  call  Mi/U  lies 
(the  Thou.sand  Isles),  and  I  believe  there  are  djove 
live  hundred  of  them.  After  you  have  got  from 
among  them,  you  have  only  a  league  and  a  half  to 
sail  to  reach  C.itarocoui.  The  river  is  open,  and  is 
full  halfale.igue  wide.  You  then  leave  upon  the 
right  three  great  b.ays,  pretty  dee|,,  and  the  fort  is 
built  in  the  third." 

Fort  Catarocoui  was  described  by  Charle- 
voix as  a  scpiare,  with  four  bastions,  built  with 
stone,  and  the  ground  it  occujiies  as  a  ipiarter 
of  a  league  in  circuit.  The  situation  was  very 
liieasant,  and  the  view  upon  the  river  remark- 
ably fine. 

An  anonymous  folio  printed  for  Thomas 
Jeffreys  in  1760,  repeats  (page  15)  the  account 
given  by  Charlevoix  about  the  Indian  living 
on  Toniata  Island,  and  what  is  said  by  him 
concerning  the  Thousand  I.sland.s. 

J.AMES  Fenimokk  Cooper's  Ide.-m,  "Station 
Island." 
(.\ssumcd  to  be  about  1755.) 
In    the   third   of  his    series   of  "  Leather- 
Stocking    Tales,"    as    placed    by    its    author, 
although  not  in  the  order  of  publication,   is 
"The  Pathfinder, "  a  romance  by  some  re- 
garded as  the  most  pleasing  of  the  many  that 
were  sketched  by  the  pen    of   this    popular 
writer.     In   his  youth,  James  Cooi'er  (as  he 
was  known  until  a  middle  name  was  inserted 
by  a   special  act  of   the    Legislature  of   New 


I'M 


./  .sc/  ;7\/A'  ('/•  /■///,  .s/'.  /..I  irA/:.\(/:  i<!\  i-.k. 


;S 


11 


5H 


\'(jik,  ill  iSj6),  li.iil  liL-cii  .1  MuUliiiiman  in 
thr  .\mciii,in  N,n\,ai)(l  in  tins  (  ,i|iacity  w.is 
si.ilidiu'd  loi  ,1  tiiiu'  at  (  )s\vin(),  wIkti'  tlif  \'\x>\. 
lifj^inniiij;  was  inailc  in  llir  cDiisiriiciidn  ol  an 
AiiK'iicaii  na\  al  annanu'iU  iipon  l.aki'  ( Jniaiio, 
II  ink- 1  ( '(iiniiii)ii(irt'  WiiiiNi'v,  in  llir  sum  hut  oi 
jSoS.  { )f  this  |icrii)(l  of  his  lil\,  ilif  aiilluir 
hiiiiM'll'  says  : 

'■  riiis  was  |ri(ii\  (.iil\  III  till'  |pU'S(1iI  iciiliiiy, 
wlicii  llic  ii.ivi^.ilioii  \SMS  slill  ('iiiil'iiicil  III  till'  t'liipliiy 
iniMi  iif  a  few  ships  aii'l  schnniicf  s.  Simc  ih.il  day, 
li:;hl  may  In;  saiij  In  have  lnnki'ii  iiili>  llif  wiliiiTiicss. 
anil  ilir  i.iys  nl  ilic  sun  liavr  |irnclraU'.l  lo  irns  nf 
lli'Misaiiils  III  liraiilifii!  va!l('\  s  anil  |>lanis,  ilial  llicn 
la\  III  '  yralcfiil  sliailc'  Tnwiis  liavr  hern  biiill 
.ilniii;  ilic  whiih,'  of  tlir  ixliTldril  liiR'  i)(  coasts,  and 
till'  tiavc'llci  now  stops  ,it  many  plarcs  of  tin  oi 
liflci'ii,  and  al  oiii'  of  even  lifly  thoiisaml  Inhaliiianls, 
wari'-   a    U'W   hills    ilun    iii.itkiil    lln'   silcs   nf   liiiiiif 

III  Ills." 

\;iiiii  ihrsr  f.imiHar  s.l'Ul's,  ( ji(i|irr  hiid  \\w 
|i,  i:i  III'  his  rum. inic,  .111(1  the  (lcsiri|itiiins  of 
sifiKTV  and  of  natural  to|inL;faiiliy  wliii  h  tlio 
l)0'ik  contains,  iu'  rci^anls  "as  nearly  accurate 
.IS  is  rci|uir(.'d  li\'  the  l.iws  whii  h  j^ovcrn  fu - 
lion,"  .ilthoiiL;h  lliuso  wild  solitudes  of  I,ake 
(•iiiario  as  he  saw  them,  .ue  so  no  longer. 
'I'lie  |ierio(.l  assigned  for  the  romance,  was 
.i1h);ii  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  while 
th-,  I*",nglisli  held  ;i  military  and  trading  |iost 
,11  Oswego,  and  the  iMeni  h  the  region  to  the 
north  ,111(1  west  of  the  lake,  extending  in  a 
(  h.iin  of  posts  from  their  |i(issessions  in  Lower 
Canada  to  those  on  the  Mississippi.  It  w.is 
not  long  before  the  hostilities  began  that 
ended  in  the  ( oiKpiest  of  the  I'rench  in 
C'anada,  .iiid  the  full  establishnient  of  the 
English  jiouer,  and  of  peace  along  the  whole 
line  of  this  memorable  frontier. 

We  will  not  altemiit  to  give  an  outline  of 
the  plot  of  the  tale,  leaving  that  to  be  known 
by  those  who  would  wish  the  details  from  the 
b(jok  itself.  It  is  sufficient  for  our  present 
use,  lo  co])y  some  of  the  descriptions  of  scenery 
of  the  Thous.md  Islands. —  among  the  intricate 
mazes  of  which  the  author  has  placed  The 
SiAiioN,  upon  wliicli  depends  a  part  of  the 
|)lol.  It  was,  in<leed,  as  he  represented  it,  in 
that  day,  a  place  hard  to  find,  the  a]>proach 
being  full  of  diftlciilties  and  dangers.  The 
\va\  was  known  to  but  a  f.ivored  few,  to  whom 


the  sei  ret  was  in  (inilidiiKi  inti  nsted,  .ind 
the  pi. ice  is  now,  like  ('iKjiso's  l.ivoied  Isle, 
an  o|ien  ipieslion  lor  those  who  i  lioose  lo 
explore ; 

"  The  Sl.ilion,  .is  Ihc  pl.ii c  was  f.iiiilliaih  liimcil 
\a  ihr  soldiers  of  the  55lh,  w.is  inikcd  a  spoi  m  i.n-r 
(•.\p(i  t.itions  of  cnjoynunl  .iinoiin  lliosc  who  had 
aceii  cooped  up  so  lonn  in  .i  vissil  of  the  dimi'iisinns 
il  ihc  •  Scud.'  None  of  the  isl.mds  were  IiIk'i.  ihonuli 
.1.1  l.iy  al  .1  snilleieni  elevation  almvc  the  walcr  lo 
icndci  Iheiii  perfecllv  licallhy  and  sci  me.  I'.itli  li.id 
noK'  or  less  of  wood,  and  llic  yicalei  nnmln  r  al  lli.il 
disiani  day  wcri'  ilolhcd  wiih  the  vii^^in  foiesl.  I  li,' 
one  selected  liv  ihc  Iniops  foi  llieir  pniposc  was 
.ni.dl,  I  onlainin^  alioiit  tweiny  acres  of  land,  and  l>y 
some  of  the  .iccidenis  of  llie  wilderness,  il  li.is  been 
nailly  snipped  of  its  Irees,  prolialdy  ceiitui  ies  before 
llie  period  of  which  we  are  wiitin>!,  and  a  lilllf  grassy 
Hi.ide  coveied  ne.irly  half  its  snifice.  It  w.is  the 
o]iinion  of  the  ollicer  who  had  made  the  seleelion  of 
lliis  spot  fill  a  military  post,  that  a  sp,irl<linj;  spiinj{ 
lie. II  by  had  early  ciiiyht  the  alleiilion  of  the  Indians, 
and  lh.it  they  li.id  liiii(i  frei|iiented  this  p, iiiiciil.tr 
pl.iee  in  then  linills,  or  when  fishing  for  salmon  — a. 
circumstance  tli.it  had  kept  down  the  sccond-nrowlh, 
and  yiveii  lime  for  the  nalnral  grasses  lo  lake  root, 
and  III  vtain  dominion  over  the  soil.  I.et  the  cause 
be  wlial  il  minlit,  llic  elicit  w.is  to  reiidei  liiis  isl.md 
far  more  lieaiitifiil  ihan  niosi  of  those  .iioniul  il.  and 
lo  lend  an  aii  of  civili/.ation  that  was  then  wanlin({ 
ill  so  much  of  thai  vast  reL;ioii  of  coiintn'. 

"I'he  shores  of  Station  Island  were  completely 
fiiiiyed  with  bushes,  and  nre.it  care  had  been  t.iken  to 
preserve  them,  as  they  .insweied  as  a  screen  to  conceal 
the  persons  and  things  (olleclcd  within  llit'ii  circle. 
I". IV. lied  by  this  shelter  as  well  as  that  of  several 
lliickets  of  trees  and  dill'erenl  coppices,  some  six  or 
eii;lit  low  hills  had  been  eieciud  to  be  used  as  (|iiar 
leisfnr  the  ollicer  and  his  men,  lo  contain  stores,  and 
tn  serve  the  purposes  of  kitchen,  hospii.il.  etc. 
These  huts  were  bnill  of  loi{s,  in  ihe  usual  manner, 
had  been  loofed  by  bark  bronuhl  from  a  distance, 
lest  sijriis  of  labor  should  attract  alteniion,  and.  as 
they  had  now  been  inhabited  some  monihs,  were  as 
ccnnfi,)itablc  as  tlwellinys  of  ih.il  desciiplion  usually 
ever  >.riit  lo  be. 

".\t  the  e.isteiii  extremity  of  the  island,  however, 
w.is  a  small,  dense  wooded  peninsula,  vvith  a  ihii  ket 
of  underbrush  so  thickly  malted  as  nearly  lo  pri'venl 
the  possibility  of  seeiiij;  across  it.  so  lonR  as  the 
leaves  remained  on  Ihe  branches.  .Near  ihe  narrow 
neck  that  connected  this  acre  with  llie  rest  of  the 
island,  a  small  block  house  had  been  erected  with 
some  attention  lo  its  means  of  resistance.  The  lojis 
were  bullet  proof,  sipiared  and  ioined  with  a  eaie  lo 
leave  no  defenseless  points;  the  windows  weie  loop- 
holes; Ihe  dcor  massive  and  small;  and  the  loof.  like 


1 


Ic) 


as 
Iv 


<r[ 
III 
III' 


illl 


'A 


Ui 


jt 


it 

4 


DEScR/rr/o.ys  of  the  tuousaxd  islaxds. 


\g- 


ttie  rest  of  llie  slruciim',  w.is  (laiiuci  of  hewn  linilur. 
Lovtrtil  properly  with  bark  to  exclude  the  rain.  Tlie 
h)wer  aparlnieiii.  as  usual,  contained  stores  and  pro- 
visions: liere,  indeed,  the  parly  ki'pt  all  tlieir  sup- 
plies; the  second  story  was  intenileil  for  a  dwelling; 
as  well  as  for  a  (  itadel,  and  a  low  garret  was  sub- 
divided into  two  or  three  rooms,  and  could  hold  the 
pallets  of  soine  ten  or  hfteen  persons.  All  ilie 
airan^'iinents  were  exceedingly  siiniile  and  cheap, 
but  they  were  suliicient  to  protect  the  soldiers  .igainst 
the  elVects  of  a  surprise.  As  the  wliole  building 
was  consi(ierabIy  less  tlian  forty  feet  liigh,  its  sum- 
mit uMs  concealed  by  the  tops  of  the  trees,  except 
from  tin'  eyes  of  those  who  had  reached  the  interior 
of  the  island.  On  tliat  side  the  view  was  open  from 
the  upper  loops,  tliough  bushes,  even  tlierc,  more  or 
less  concealed  the  base  of  the  wooden  tower.  The 
object  being  purely  defense,  care  had  been  taken  to 
place  the  l)lock  liouse  so  near  an  opening  in  the 
limestone  rock  that  formed  tile  base  of  the  island,  as 
to  .idniit  of  a  bucket's  being  dropped  into  the  water, 
in  order  to  obtain  that  great  essential,  in  the  event  of 
a  siege.  In  order  to  facilitate  this  operation,  and  lo 
enfilade  the  base  of  the  building,  llie  upper  story 
projected  several  feet  beyond  the  lower,  in  the 
manner  usual  to  lilock  liouses,  and  pieces  of  wood 
tilled  llie  apertures  cut  in  the  log  llooring,  which 
were  intended  as  loops  and  traps.  The  communica- 
tions between  the  dili'erent  stories  were  by  means  of 
ladders.  If  we  add  that  these  block  houses  were 
intended  as  citadels,  for  garrisons  or  settlements  to 
retreat  to  in  cases  of  attack,  the  general  reader  will 
obtain  a  sullicientlv  coriect  idea  of  the  arrangements 
it  is  our  wish  to  explain. 

"  Hut  the  situation  of  the  island  itself  formed  its 
principal  merit  as  a  military  position.  Lying  in  tlie 
midst  of  twentv  others,  it  was  not  an  easy  matter  to 
hnd  it,  since  bo.its  might  pass  quite  near,  and,  b)  the 
glimiises  caught  tlirough  the  openings,  this  particular 
island  would  be  taken  for  a  part  of  some  other. 
Indeed,  the  channels  between  the  islands  that  lay 
around  the  one  we  liave  l)ecn  describing  were  so 
n.iriow,  that  it  was  even  diirn  ult  to  say  which  por- 
tions of  the  land  were  connected,  or  which  separated, 
even  as  one  stood  in  their  centre,  with  the  express 
desire  of  ascertaining  the  truth.  The  little  bay  in 
particular,  liiat  jasper  used  as  a  haibor,  was  so  eni- 
bowerod  with  bushes  and  shut  in  with  islands,  that 
the  sails  of  the  cutter  being  lowered,  her  own  peo- 
ple, on  one  occ-tsion,  had  seardied  for  hours  before 
they  could  hnd  the  '  Scud'  in  their  return  from  a  short 
excursion  among  the  adjacent  channels  in  quest  of 
rtsh.  In  short,  the  place  was  admirably  adapted  to 
its  present  uses,  am!  its  natural  advantages  had  been 


.IS  ingeniously  improvei 


•d  as 


momv  and  llie  limited 


means  of  a  frontier   post   would  very  well  allow." 
rilie  Pathlindcr,  ("hap.  six.) 


('.APIAIN    I'oiK'nor  —  (1760). 

Tliis  writer  was  ;i  Ca|)t;iiii  in  the  Ri-i^iment 
of  Ucain,  in  the  war  of  1755-60;  was  <  0111- 
mander  of  the  fort  at  Niagara  when  rapttircd 
!))'  Sir  William  Johnson  in  1758.  and  again 
was  captured  in  I'ort  Levis,  a  little  Iielow  Og- 
denshiirg,  where  the  last  resistance  w.is  made 
by  the  French  'n  the  cominest  (jf  Canada,  in 
1760. 

His  Journal  was  piililished  in  Switzerland 
afte;  his  death,  and  affords  nnicii  valuable  in- 
formation concerning  the  country  as  it  existed 
in  his  day.  In  si)eaking  of  the  customs  of  the 
(Canadian  voyageurs,  he  remarks  that  in  ascend- 
ing the  river  in  their  bateaux,  tiiey  kept  as  near 
as  jossible  to  the  north  .shore.  Of  the  river 
above,  he  says: 

"  .\t  hve  leagues  from  Pointe  au  Haril  (near  the 
present  village  of  .Maitland|  is  the  Isl.md  of  Toni- 
ata.  The  main  channel  of  the  river  is  between  this 
island  and  the  south  shore.  The  north  part  of  the 
river  is  tilled  with  rushes,  and  in  summer  is  a  cele- 
brated eel  lishery. 

"  The  Island  of  Toniata  is  three  leagues  long  by  a 
((iiarter  of  a  league  wide.  .-Vt  the  upper  end  is  a 
little  passage  with  but  little  water,  and  full  of  rushes, 
which  they  call  the  Petit  Detroit.  This  is  the  route 
that  bateaux  always  take  in  going  up  to  avoid  the 
currents. 

"  We  should  notice  that  we  ought  to  pay  no  atten- 
tion to  the  little  channels  which  we  meit  :iiiiong  the 
rushes,  and  which  have  no  outlet  and  would  giound 
a  vessel. 

■'  At  the  Petit  Detroit  they  perform  the  ceremony 
of  '  bapti/.ing  '  those  who  have  never  gone  up  the 
river  before. 

"At  a  league  and  a  half  above,  begins  the  Thou- 
sand  Islands,  which  continue  at  least  three  leagues. 
There  are  an  infinite  number  of  little  rocks  covered 
with  trees,  with  channels  (piite  large  in  some  places. 
In  others,  vessels  in  passing  through  would  almost 
touch  them.  They  are  very  safe,  almost  :i!wayshave 
a  good  depth  of  water  all  ;ironnd  them,  and  there  is 
but  a  slight  I'urrent. 

"  At  the  end  of  three  leagues  we  lind  larger 
islands.  We  should  take  carc>  and  not  go  astray. 
In  following  the  b:iteaux  ch:innel  ne.irest  the  north 
siile,  we  shall  notice  several  inlets  ending  iniiKiishes, 
which  are  near  tlie  shore. 

"  It  is  necessary  to  turn  very  short  to  enter  the 
Hay  of  C'orbeaii,  which  is  large  an<l  fine.  We  pass 
between  the  south  point,  wliich  is  very  straight,  and 
a  little  isbiiid  which  we  h.ive  to  pass  veiy  ni\u. 
I'roin   thence  they  coast   along   the   Isle   au<'ilion, 


f|! 


I 


igS 


.•;  >v'r/VA7A'  (V  /■///   sr.  /..//cav-wa'  av/v-./o. 


:1 


whirl)  is  ;i  good  ltMi;iic  in  k'linlli.  Il  i>  liiu-  .iiiii  ucll 
woodtil. 

"  'lliey  rii;iki'  .1  crossing;  of  llirri'  Icifjiu's  10  ri'iii  ii 
tlie  Isle  Cocliojs,  wliicli  is  lliri'c  Ifajjiics  limg,  and 
linlf  a  league  wide,  alioiindiiig  in  game  and  tisli. 

"  Tlie  view  from  the  fool  of  this  island,  with  thf 
luigliboiing  islands  ami  the  north  shoie,  forms  a 
piospect  inosi  deliglilfnl  on  accoiinl  of  the  be.iuiy  of 
tlie  channels.  This  part  appears  10  he  very  proper 
for  cnltivation,  and  good  for  luiiitiiiK  and  lisliini;. 
From  thence  tf)  Frontenac  is  three  leagnc..  \Vi- 
find  the  bay  snllicienlly  deep  and  ijiiitc  good  before 
coining  to  Montreal  I'oini,  which  is  the  scjiith  point 
of  the  K.iy  of  Cntaroconi.  " 

Jt)HN    L()\i;. 

This  .ititlinr,  wlio  w.ts  a  rovini;  Indian 
trader,  apjicars  to  have  met  suinc  adventures 
worthy  of  notice,  altiioiigli  not  iniineoialely 
lelatiiiL^  to  tiie  jiiace  more  particidarly  tinder 
description,  lie  stayed  onl\-  a  day  or  two  in 
a  phice,  bartered  his  goods  fur  peltries  till 
tliere  were  no  more  to  buy.  and  llien  jjtished 
off  to  a  tie\v  field  of  enterprise.  He  sto])ped 
three  days  at  liie  Cierni.tn  l-'i.tts  on  tlie  Mo- 
hawk —  and  on  the  14th  of  Sc|)teml)er,  17S4, 
arrived  at  the  "  Jenesee  Lake,"  iirniiabiy 
Seneca  Lake  of  the  present  tlay. 

A  council  was  called,  and  he  asked  permis- 
sion to  stay  awhile  and  trade.  Tiiey  ileliber- 
ated,  and  returned  the  following  answer: 

"  Yon  are  the  Sugar,  for  sn  von  are  called  in  our 
tongue,  but  you  must  not  have  too  inurh  sweetness 
on  vour  lips.  .Ml  the  Oneida  Indians  say  they  have 
heard  that  von  are  come  only  nndei  a  prelni>e  to 
get  our  lands  from  us;  but  this  nmsl  not  be.  My 
voung  warriors  will  not  suller  any  Fnglishmau  to 
settle  here.  You  are  like  the  (ireat  Chief  (Jeneral 
lolinson,  wlio  asked  foi  a  spot  of  ground,  or  large 
bed.  to  lie  on;  and  when  Ilendrick.  the  Chief  of  the 
Moh.iwks,  had  granteil  his  iec|uesl,  he  got  posses 
sion  of  ;i  great  ipiantily  of  our  hutUing  groinids;  ;ind 
we  have  reason  to  think  lli.it  you  intend  to  dream  lis 
out  of  our  natural  rights.  We  loved  Sir  \Villi;im. 
and,  therefore,  consented  to  all  his  re(|uests;  but 
you  are  a  stranger,  and  must  not  Like  these  libeilies; 
therefore,  ni\  :idvice  is.  that  you  depart  to-moimw, 
at  break  of  d;iy.  or  you  will  be  plundered  b\  the 
young  warriors,  iind  it  will  not  be  in  niir  power  In 
redress  you." 

He  "departtd"  for  Fort  ()swe.^o,  wliii  h  he 
attempted  to  pass  without  permission;  but 
was  prevented  by  ;i  sentinel,  ;ind  his  -oods 
were  all  sei^ed  ;ind  confiscateil. 


In  tliis  iiiisL'r;ti)le  ciindition  hi'  got  tcross  to 
C!.it.iroipii  (  Kingston),  and  put  ti])  at  Howell's 
tavern.  He  afterwards  look  ii]i  500  acus  uf 
land  in  tiiis  region,  on  the  t  ^mada  side  ;  but 
nut  liking  tlie  t;tme  routine  of  f.irm  life,  lie 
obl;iiiied  ;inother  slock  of  gocjds,  retired  up 
the  lake,  and  established  himself  at  Finiilis- 
(  i)iy:in  L;mding,  on  L;ike  Ontario.  He  had 
sc;ircely  opened  his  premises  for  trade,  before 
an  ofticer  took  [lossession  of  everything  he 
tiiitld  Iind,  even  to  ihe  tent  that  sheltered  him 
from  the  we.ither,  :ind  t:;tiried  them  down  to 
.M(jntreal,  where  everything  was  sold  for  less 
than  a  fourth  jKirt  of  its  cost,  .Vg.iin  strijiped 
of  his  all,  Mr.  Long  retireil  to  the  "  Hay  of 
Kenty,"  ,iiid  lived  ten  months  among  the 
friendly  rnitetl  iMiglisli  Lo\;tlists.  l\arly  in 
the  s|iring  of  ijSO,  he  crossed  to  Carlton 
Island,  and  thence  proceeded  to  ( )swego,  in- 
lending  to  go  into  the  Slates  by  ]HJSt.  Hav- 
ing no  jiass,  he  was  there  stop[)e(l,  but  returning 
e;istward,  he  resolved  to  jiroceed  from  Salmon 
River  through  the  woods  to  I'Ort  Stanwix. 
Having  rested  ;t  d;iy.  he  sel  out  with  fne 
pounds  of  jiork,  and  two  loaves  of  bread,  witli 
;t  coinp;uiion,  and  ;i  faithful  Indian  as  ;t 
guide — but  the  old  path  was  obliter;iled;  they 
suffered  great  iiardships,  and  were  finally 
thankful  at  being  able  to  get  back  to  their 
point  of  departure  alive.  l''roin  there  they 
m:ide  their  w  ;iy  to  <  )swego  along  the  shore,  a 
distance  not  over  twenty  miles,  but  they  were 
si.\  days  on  the  way.  Towards  the  last,  thev 
were  entirel\  without  food,  e.M'ept  wild  onions 
(leeks);  but,  fortunately,  they  fotiiul  (>  ,  the 
stud  ;ibout  a  hundred  anil  forty  birds'  eggs, 
which  they  boili'd  and  eagerly  ilevoiired,  not- 
withstanding the  greater  pari  had  yoting  liirds 
in  them,  witli  sm.iU  down  f)n  their  bodies. 
They  were  again  turned  back,  and  advised  to 
proceed  either  to  Xiag;ira  or  Montreal,  with- 
out further  atlempling  to  run  their  blockade. 
He  adoiiled  the  latter  ;tllernalive. 

.\t  this  period,  there  were  ;ilong  the  north 
b.ink  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  beginning  at  Point 
;iii  liiiudel,  and  extending  to  the  head  of  the 
li.iy  of  (Juinle,  about  ten  thousand  inluibi- 
t.mts.  mostly  Lf)yalists  from  the  Slates,  who 
had  been  driven   otil   by  the    Revolution,  ;md 


I 
'i 


4 


i 


PF.scRrr/ioxs  or  rm:  r//o(  sAXf^  is/.,i\/\'<. 


'99 


t  ■•• 


wlio  were  truly  failhfiil  siihjects  of  the  Hrilisli 
(.'lown. 

(.^,itaro(|iii,  tir  l''oit  Kroiitcnac,  was.  in  his 
(lav,  held  by  a  small  garrison,  and  a  com- 
ni anding  officer,  who  examined  all  boats  that 
l)assc(l  either  to  tlie  new  settlements  or  the 
iipljer  ])Osts.  Mr.  Long  gives  some  notes 
upon  the  military  defenses  of  this  frontier,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  lake,  after  the  close  of 
the  Revolution,  that  have  iiistorical  interest  : 

"  riii;  lirst  posi  I  shall  notice  is  Osweg.Tlcliie,  on 
the  Kivi'i  St.  Lawrence,  aljoul  one  liunilred  and  lifiy 
miles  aliovc  Montreal,  at  the  inontli  of  lliu  Hlaik 
River,  wlurt-  there  are  aljoirt  a  Inrndied  sava>;is, 
will)  ociasionally  fre(|iicnt  it,  and  are  called  Oswe 
gatcliii'  Indians,  ahlionjili  they  belong  to  llie  trihes 
1)1  the  I'ive  Nations.  I'c)  this  fort  the  inhabitants 
Ironi  .New  Kngland  may  with  ease  transport  jjoods  to 
supply  the  Moliawks,  ("almauages,  Connecedagas, 
Nt  Regis,  and  some  straggling  Messesawger  In 
dians.  who  live  near  the  Helroit,  at  a  smaller  e.\- 
pen--e  than  they  (an  possibly  be  obtained  from  the 
merchants  of  Quebec  and  Montreal,  but  particularly 
rirni  — wliiidi  has  now  become  an  essential  reqirisile 
in  every  transaction  with  the  sav.iges  ;  for  though 
they  used  formerly  often  to  complain  of  the  intro- 
duction of  strong-water  by  the  traders  (as  appears 
by  the  language  of  their  chiels  in  Council),  to  tlie 
prejudice  of  their  young  men,  yet  they  have  not  now 
tile  resolution  to  refrain  from  the  use  of  it.  On  the 
contrary,  it  is  become  so  familiar,  and  even  neces- 
sary to  them,  that  a  drunken  frolic  is  looked  upon 
as  an  indispensable  requisite  in  a  barter,  and  antici- 
pated witli  extreme  delight- 

"  Carleton  Island  is  liigher  up  the  river,  and  has 
greater  conveniences  annexed  to  it  than  Oswe- 
gatcliie,  having  an  excellent  harbor,  with  a  strong 
foititication,  well  garrisoned.  It  all'ords  excellent 
accommodation  for  shipping,  and  may  be  considered 
as  the  naval  storehouse  for  supplying  Niagara  and 
the  other  posts.  There  are  vessels  of  consideral>le 
bulk  constantly  sailing  from  thence  to  Niagara, 
Oswego,  etc.  There  is  also  a  Commodore  of  the 
Lakes,  whose  residence  is  on  the  Island." 

Mr.  Long  gives  some  sketches  of  Indian 
life  as  it  tlien  existed  in  tliis  region,  that  may 
be  read  with  interest  : 

"  Karly  one  winter  a  newly  married  couple  arrived, 
anil  having  given  them  a  little  rum,  they  got  very 
merry;  and  pfcciving  the  woman  was  in  great 
humor,  1  desircil  her  to  sing  a  love  song,  which  she 
consiMUcd   to  do  with  cheerfulness. 

Till-     SONT,. 

"|)ebwii\e,  nee  zargay  ween  aighter,  payshik 
n.iihi\ ,  Mi/<e-bocki|uoii  slienargusscy  me  larbircoacli 


nepeech     cassawicka     iiepon,     mo'-zack     [>eiuartus, 
sei zeeboc k  1 1 u oi t  m etee k . ' 

"  It  is  true  I  love  him  only  whose  heart  is  like  the 
sweet  sap  that  runs  from  the  sugar-tree,  and  is 
brother  to  the  aspen  leaf  that  always  lives  and 
sliivers  " 

In  one  of  his  descri|)t;ons,  it  would  ajijiear 
that  lie  tarried  among  the  I'housand  Islands. 
The  descrijjtion  is  too  obscure  for  us  now  to 
locate  the  place  —  but  the  account  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"  I  was  then  left  with  two  white  men,  and  two  In- 
dians and  their  wives.  We  passed  our  time  in  luiiil- 
ing  and  hshing:  and  as  there  'vere  a  great  many 
small  islands  near  us,  we  made  fre(|iient  trips  to 
shoot  wild  fowl,  which  enaoled  irs  to  keep  a  good 
table.  On  one  of  the  islands  we  discovered  two 
Indian  huts,  but  from  their  appearance  no  one  had 
visited  them  for  a  length  of  time,  .\liut  half  a  .iiile 
from  the  |)lace  we  saw  a  high  pole,  daubed  over  with 
Vermillion  paint;  on  the  top  were  placed  three  liir- 
maii  skulls,  and  bones  hung  around.  The  Indians 
supposed  it  had  been  erected  many  ye;irs.  .About 
an  hour  before  sunset  we  returned  to  our  wigw;iins," 

When  he  was  living  on  the  lake  shore  not 
far  from  the  eastern  end,  he  had  a  Large  dog 
for  i)rotecting  himself  and  property.  \n  In- 
dian one  day  came  in,  rather  the  worse  for 
rum,  and  attempted  to  strike  the  dog  ;  but  the 
animal  iiist:uuly  seized  him  by  the  calf  of  the 
leg,  and  wounded  him  dreadfully.  The  In- 
dian returned  to  his  hut,  and  m.ide  no  coin- 
])laint  till  the  next  day,  when,  lieing  sober,  he 
called  and  desired  to  spe:ik  to  our  trader. 
He  told  the  master  how  he  had  been  used  by 
the  dog,  s.iying  he  hoped  he  would  give  him  a 
new  fiair  of  leggins  to  su|)ply  those  which  the 
dog  had  torn;  but  that  with  regard  to  his  leg, 
he  did  not  trouble  himself  much  about  that, 
as  he  knew  it  would  soon  be  well.  Wounded 
flesh  would  heal  —  torn  leather,  never.  The 
reipiest  was  granted  ;  the  Indian  retired  with 
a  bottle  of  rum  as  a  present,  with  wliii  h  he 
seemed  well  i)le:ised,  ;ind  nothing  more  was 
heard  of  the  matter. 

P,  C.AMi'iu;ii. — (1791). 
This  traveller  set  out  from  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland  with  ;in  intention  of  exploring  the 
interior  of  \orth  .America,  and  with  an  old 
and  faithful  servant,  a  dog  and  a  gun,  he  trav- 
elled much    in    the  wilderness,  in  hin  li-bark 


200 


A    SOi-\-EXlR   OF    THE  ST.   l..n\'RF..\CK   R/IER. 


i 


caiioL's,  ;iii(l  tliioii!;li  regions  wliere  roinfort 
;uul  safely  were  scarcely  to  be  looketl  for,  and 
often  not  enjoyed.  Tlius  writing  from  ilay  to 
day,  in  a  canoe,  or  on  the  stinn|is  of  trees,  or 
liv  the  dim  fire-ligiit  of  a  settler's  cabin,  he 
has  given  us  impressions  of  the  country  as  he- 
saw  it,  that  make  up  in  vivid  description  for 
what  lie  may  lack  in  style.  He  had  learned 
irom  a  iJritish  officer  that  a  laily  was  living  on 
his  way,  whom  he  iiad  known  wiien  she  was  a 
child,  in  a  poor  widow's  family  that  he  liad 
befriended  in  time  of  need,  and  he  resohed 
to  visit  her.     She  had  married  t.'aptain  'I'homas 

1'  ,  and  was  living  not  far  from  th(*  river. 

We  cannot  iles<ribe  tiie  incident,  which  gives 
a  pleasant  glimpse  fif  domestic  life  in  those 
days,  better  than  in  his  own  language: 

"  When  I  came  opposite  lo  Captain  F 's  lioiise, 

whicli  was  a  little  way  from  the  road,  my  servant 
said  that  was  the  plaee  we  had  heen  direiied  to  ; 
but,  on  my  looking  al)oiii  and  remarking  tlio  good 
lioiise,  but  a  still  laryci  barn  of  two  stories  Itigh, 
several  olFice  houses,  barracks  or  Oiitcli  barns,  the 
siiliiciency  and  regularity  of  the  rails,  and  extent  of 
the  em  losures, — considerable  tlocks  of  turkeys, 
geese,  ducks  and  fowls,  I  said  It  could  be  no  High- 
lander that  owned  that  place, —  that  the  barracks  oi 
Dutch  b.uns  were  foreign  to  any  Scotchman  what- 
ever; that  1  had  not  hitherto  seen  any  of  theni  that 
liad  such  a  thing;  and  that  he  must  be  a  (Jernian 
who  lived  in  tli.u  place.  Still  heallirnied  thi>  must 
be  it,  agreeable  to  the  directions  we  had  ;  but  I 
could  not  be  persuaded,  and  pushed  on  to  tiie  next 
house  which  was  then  in  sight.     When  !  came  up,  I 

asked  for  ("aptiiin  F "s,  and  was  told  I  liad  left  it 

behind  ;   I,  therefore,  had  to  return. 

"When  I  came  in,  they  took  no  sort  of  notice  of 
ine,  further  th.m  desiring  me  to  sit  down.  My 
trowseis  being  torn  with  the  bushes,  and  the  rest  of 
my  dress  being  in  the  like  situation,  ihey  supposed 
me  to  be  a  Yankee  come  from  the  Stales.  After 
sitting  awhile   in  this  w.ay,  nobody   speaking  to  me, 

or  I  to  them,  as   Mrs.  F happened   to  sii  by  me, 

I  looked  full  in  her  face  ;  and  i  learly  juni/ing 
her  features,  I  accosted  her  in  (iaelic  ami  asked  her 
if  she  had  ever  seen  me  before.  She  could  not  say 
whether  she  liad  or  not.  This  turned  tlie  eyes  of 
everybody  in  the  house  toward  us  ;  but  on  mv  ;isk- 
ing  if  she  had  heard  of  or  known  such  a  person, 
naming  myself,  slie  said  she  did,  and  knew  him 
very  well,  but  could  not  suppose  that  I  was  him. 
On  my  s.iying  I  was,  she  turned  about  to  hei  hus- 
band :  '  .My  dear,'  she  said.  '  this  is  the  gentleman 
wlioin  I  often   told  you  was  .so  kind  to  us  when  he 


was  Foicsiei  of  .Mam  l.oiri  ,  and  whatevei  disputes 
we  and  oiii  iieighbnis  h.id  when  our  cattle  trespassed 
upon  the  Forest,  he  always  favored  our  family.' 

■'C;iplain  F on  this  instantly  welcomed  me  to 

his  house,  and  ordered  dinner  and  venison  steaks  lo 
be  got    ready   immediately.     While  dinner  was  get 

ting,  .Mrs.  F showed   me  nine   or  ten   large,  fat 

hogs,  then  lying  dead  on  the  lloor  of  her  keeping- 
hou-ie,  ;ind  said  they,  every  f;ill,  killed  twenty  such, 
and  two  fat  oxen,  besides  other  provisions  for  their 

wiiuer's  store.     .After  dinner  Captain  F treated 

nie  with  port  wine  until  we  could  drink  no  more, 
and  pressed  me  much  to  slay  ihal  night;  but  as  tlie 
boats  hail  passed,  1  could  not  wait.  When  he  found 
that  I  wouKI  be  ;iway,  he  ordered  a  couple  tif  horses 
to  be  saddled  immediately.  »  »         *  # 

'I'he  boats  arriving,  I  stepped  on  board,  and  Ihe 
water  now  becoming  smooth  and  more  like  a  lake 
tli;in  a  running  stream,  the  wind  favorable,  we  put 
up  sails  and  made  great  way  till  late  at  night,  when 
we  pill  up  at  a  poor,  lame,  r;igged  man's  house,  with 
a  numerous  family  of  small  children  ;  but  the  wife 
was  buxom  and  well  dressed.  I  and  my  Canadian 
(  riw  threw  ourselves  down  upon  the  floor  opposite 
lo  the  lire  and  slept  soundly  till  four  o'clock  next 
morning,  when  we  got  up  and  set  o(V  in  Ihe  usual 
way.  The  wind  siill  favored  us,  and  we  soon  en- 
tered the  Thousand  Islands,  whiih  never  were,  nor 
do  I  suppose  ever  will  be  counted,  by  reason  of 
their  numbers,  and  for  whicli  r<ason  they  were  for 
merly  called  by  the  l"rench,  and  now  bv  the  Ikilisli, 
the  Mille  lies.  They  are  of  very  little  value,  and 
produce  nothing  but  scraggy  wood  of  useless  pine. 
Here  are  innumerable  tlocks  of  water  fowl,  mostly 
of  the  teal  kind.  Such  a  diversitv  of  creeks,  l)ays, 
channels  and  harbors,  1  suppose  is  rarely  to  be  met 
with  in  the  world  ;  and  if  a  crew  be  not  well  ac- 
([uainted  with  the  direct  course,  and  if  thev  once 
miss  it,  they  may  chance  to  be  bewildered,  and  for 
days  may  not  tind  it  ;igain.  After  passing  these 
islands,  we  entered  upon  the  lower  end  of  Lake  On- 
tario, and  about  night  fall  arrived  at  Frontenac  or 
C'ataroipii,  now  called  Kingston,  and  put  up  at  ihe 
Coll'ee   House," 

Mr.  (;ami)be!l  describes  Kingston  as  a  young 
but  (iromising  town,  most  beautifully  located, 
and  iilready  (within  eight  years  after  the  be- 
ginning) ,1  place  of  considerable  trade.  Over 
6,ooo  bushels  of  wiieat  had  been  bougiit  up 
and  stored  here  the  year  before,  and  at  least  a 
fourth  more  would  be  purchased  each  suc- 
ceeding year.  He  was  told  that  six  S(  ore  of 
deer  had  been  sold  in  town  the  same  year, 
and  venison  was  sold  every  d:iy  in  the  tiKirket. 
He  met  old  acijiiaintanceb  and  formed  new 


I; 
I 


'!  i 


j)f:scR/rT/oxs  i^f  the  r  hoc  sand  /si.axps 


201 


ones,  and  greatly  .ulinired  Parson  Stuart's 
farm,  ami  tlu'  pruspect  from  Sir  Jolm  John- 
son's house,  tliat  commanded  a  fine  view  of 
the  harbor  and  town.  Kingston  was  tlien 
lo(jking  forward  to  a  time  that  seemed  near, 
when  the  (governor-general  woiiUl  here  fix  his 
aiiode,  and  tl)e  place  would  become  a  j^reat 
emporium  of  trade,  and  tiie  seat  of  j^overnment 
of  Canada. 

On  the  24th  of  November,  1791,  Mr.  Camji- 
i)ell  took  passage  on  board  the  sloop  "  Col- 
\  ille,"  Captain  Baker,  for  Niagara,  'i'he  vessel 
was  armed  with  two  six-pounders  and  two 
swivels,  and  he  had  as  a  fellow  i)assenger, 
Lieut.  William  McKay,  a  fellow  countryman, 
whom  he  hatl  met  in  Kingston.  Th  '  ly  was 
ha/y,  and  the  wind  fair,  but  ])romise(l  no  con- 
tinuance at  this  late  period  in  the  year,  and 
just  on  the  verge  of  winter.  The  early  part  of 
iiis  voyage  brings  us  to  a  point  of  especial 
iterest : 

"Wl"  passed  sfver.TJ  larRe,  woody,  uninh.iliited 
islands.  About  niulu-fall.  the  wind  changed  lo 
straiglit  ahead  —  the  cajitain,  qiiili.'  drnnk,  went  to 
l)ud,  tlie  crew,  little  bcttef,  went  lo  rest,  and  indeed. 
were  almost  useless  when  sober,  as  they  seemed  to 
know  scarce  anytliing  at  all  of  their  business.  No 
watch  or  reckoning  was  kept,  and  but  an  ignorant 
wietch  at  the  helm.  The  wind  increased,  and  now 
became  a  slorin.  In  this  way,  beating  to  the  wind- 
ward, the  night  dark,  ami  surroimded  by  land-shoals 
and  islands,  our  situation  could  not  be  very  agree- 
able. None  of  us  knew  where  we  were,  and  in  fear 
of  being  aground  every  moment.  \  man  was  ordered 
lo  sound,  and  once  sung  out  of  a  sudden,  '  live 
fathoms.'  I  expected  the  next  moment  to  hear  her 
strike.  The  ship  was  put  about,  and  the  inistake  in 
the  sounding  discovered  to  be  owing  to  the  ignorance 
of  the  sailor,  and  the  lines  having  been  entangled  in 
the  rails,  as  at  the  ne.xt  sounding,  no  bottom  was 
found.  From  these  circumstances  I  dearly  saw  that  if 
we  escaped  being  wrecked,  it  would  be  a  mere 
chance,  and  it  appeared  that  there  was  at  least  live 
lo  one  against  us.  *  *  *  Hm  drunk  as  lliis  man 
was.  before  he  went  10  bed,  he  ordered  tlie  main-sail 
lo  be  doulile-reefed,  and  the  fore-sail  lobe  handled, — 
a  precaution  I  was  very  glad  to  see.  .About  midnight 
a  severe  lilast  or  hurricane  was  heard  coming  on. 
The  man  at  the  lielm  sung  out,  which  brought  the 
captain  and  all  the  crew  on  deck,  who  got  all  the 
sails  liandled,  and  we  now  went  under  bare  poles; 
that  done,  he  again  returned  lo  bed,  eleirially  bawl- 
ing out,  •  f  )li  !  my  poor  family!'  and  with  the  ne.\t 
breath,  '  Let  us  all  gn  Id together  !       ThuH  we 


continued  till  lUiylighi.  1  lie  snige  laii  veiy  high, 
but  not  e(|ual  to  that  1  have  seen  on  sea;  and  as  the 
wind  blew  very  fresh  and  hard  against  us,  we  had 
nothing  for  it  but  lo  returii  liack  and  anchor  at  2  r.  M. 
at  the  head  of  Carlton  island,  opposite  lo  Kingston; 
l»ut  as  several  large  islands  were  between  us  and  ihe 
town,  they  could  not  see  us,  or  know  what  had 
b(  come  of  us.  The  25th,  2fi|h  and  27th.  we  lay  here 
without  stirring,  the  wind  continually  ahead  or  calm. 
"On  the  2Sth  F  went  on  shore  on  Carlton  island, 
wliere  the  Mritish  had  a  garrison  last  war.  The  bar- 
racks, dry-ditch  and  rampart  are  still  remaining,  but 
in  a  decayed  state.  A  sergeant  and  twelve  men  are 
ke|i|  here,  to  prevent  the  barracks  from  being  burnt 
by  the  Indians,  and  the  .Americans  from  taking  pos- 
session of  it  and  the  dismounted  guns  thereon.  'I'he 
cause  ;issigned  for  our  forsaking  this  post  is  said  to 
be.  because  it  is  doubtful  whether  these  islands  be 
within  the  Hritisli  or  American  lines." 

'I'liey  tried  to  get  off  on  the  29th,  but  were 
soon  obliged  to  return  and  anchor,  and  the 
next  (lay  they  went  hunting  on  the  New  York 
shore,  'i'hey  durst  not  venture  far  into  the 
woods,  and  killed  nothing,  but  afterwards  had 
better  luck  upon  some  of  the  islands.  Thus 
day  after  day,  for  ten  days,  they  were  detained 
by  adverse  winds,  and  even  after  getting  well 
on  their  voyage,  they  were  enveloped  in  fogs 
of  hoar-frost,  and  so  benumbed  with  cold,  that 
it  seemed  ;ilmost  necessary  to  turn  about  for 
Kingston  and  winter  there.  The  fog  cleared 
up  at  last,  and  they  got  safely  in   at   Niagara. 

It  being  very  cold,  the  caiitain  invited  our 
traveller  into  his  house  to  warm  him,— and  this 
gave  him  ;ui  occasion  to  note  down  the  fol- 
lowing rellection  in  the  interest  of  temper- 
ance : 

"  I  there  found  a  dcceiu  looking  yoinig  woman, 
his  wife,  with  (i\e  beautifid  children,  of  whom  the 
father  seemed  uncommonly  fond;  ;ind  though  their 
whole  support,  and  in  a  manner  their  existence, 
depended  on  his  life  and  industry,  yet  such  is  his 
love  of  grog  that  it  would  seem  he  would  forsake 
them  and  every  other  consideration  in  the  world  for 
its  sake;  at  le;ist,  that  he  would  not  forsake  it  for 
them." 

I, A    RoCHK.FOUlAAlI.D-Ll.^NCDlJKT.  —  (1795). 

Francois- Alexandre- Frederic  La  Rochefou- 
cauld-Liancourt,  a  French  Duke,  and  a  dis- 
tinguished philanthropist,  w.is  born  in  1747 
.and  died  in  1S27.  /\  faithful  adherent  of  the 
unfortunate    Louis   XVI,   he   was  obliged    to 


'I 


I 


I 


202 


A    SO/ ■!■/■:. \7A^    (!/■■    THF.    ST.    !    WVKFXCF    Rn-FR. 


cmiyiale.  mi  ilu-  .ipiuoacli  of  tlu'  I'loiicli 
Krvi)lntioii,  ,111(1  w.i^  sc\(.'ial  years  in  luii,'lan(l 
and  Anu'rica.  Ifi-  returned  to  1-' ranee  under 
the  ('onsulue,  and  resumed  the  elTorts  he 
liad  lornierly  made  for  the  iniproveinent  of 
aL;rieiilture  and  tlie  industries.  He  was  one 
ol  tlie  chief  promoters  of  vaccination  in 
!■  ranee,  and  look  an  active  |iari  in  various 
measures  ot  echu  ation,  benevolence  and  re- 
form, holding;  liii;!i  |iosition^  in  public  and 
social  Hfe,  and  scattering  seeiK  of  kindness 
with  i^enerouN  hand.  He  lived  to  see  the 
truits  of  many  s.ilutary  measures  that  he  was 
active  in  promotini;.  His  son.  I''rederick  (1,, 
who  died  in  186,5.  was  distinguished  for  his 
literary  iiuhlicalions. 

The  duke,  after  passing  tliroinr],  tlie  coun- 
try to  Niagara,  remained  some  time  in  L'pper 
Can, id, 1,  as  the  i,'uest  of  l,ieut.-(  lov.  Simcoe, 
at  New, irk,  then  the  -eat  of  i^overnment  of 
tlie  Upper  i'rovince.  I'rom  thence  he  took 
jiassa^e  for  KiuL^ston.  on  board  the  Onondaga, 
one  of  the  armed  \-essels  beloiiL^iii^  to  the 
liritish  nav,d  force  on  Lake  (  )nlario,  'I'his 
vessel  was  pierf;ed  for  twelve  six-pounders, 
but  carried  (jiily  six.  Il  was  employed  in 
carrying  freight  for  the  merchants,  when  the 
jjublic  service  allowed.  The  passage  was 
usiuiUy  performed  in  thirtv-si\  hours,  being 
sometimes  ten  or  twelve  hours,  less  or  more, 
according  to  the  wind.  .\t  Kingston,  he 
hoped  to  receive  from  l.onl  I  )orcliester,  the 
governor-general,  a  pass  .illowing  him  to  ])ro- 
ceed  to  Lower  Canada.  He  was  thus  de- 
tained there  several  days,  .md  finally  received 
a  letter  absolutely  forbidding  him  from  going 
down  the  river.  This  m.ide  it  necessary  for 
him  to  cross  over  to  Oswego,  and  proceed 
from  thence  by  water  to  New  York.  During 
his  sojourn  at  Kingston,  the  duke  was  alile  to 
obtain  much  information  about  ihe  country, 
and  his  record  concerning  ('arlton  Island  is 
l):irticularly  explicit.     Of  Kingston,  he  says  : 

"  I'he  biirr.icks  .ire  Iniiii  on  llip  site  of  Fort  Fron- 
tfii.K-,  which  w:is  biiill  by  the  French  .ind  levclcil  hy 
Ihe  Knjrlish.  The  laUer  luiili  these  b.Trr.icks  ahoiit 
six  years  a^d.  niirins  the  .\incriran  war  their 
troDps  were  ronst.mtly  in  motion;  and  in  later  limes 
lli"v  wine  i|narlered  on  an  Island  which  the  French 
call  Isle  au.x  Chevrcaux  [Goat  Island],  and  wliich  ilie 


laiulish     h.ivf     named     C.ulhJn.     after     Lord     Dor- 
clieslei ." 

In  the  conllii  t  of  interests  for  st'ciiring  the 
seat  of  governmeni  in  Ipper  Can.id.i,  [,ord 
Dorchester  preferred  Kingston,  while  Lieu 
tenant-Ciovernor  Simcoe  insisted  iipcui  the  ad- 
v.mtages  offered  in  the  country  beiwi'en  Lakes 
I'.rie  and  Ontario.  .At  the  period  when  the 
Duke  visited  Upiier  Canada,  the  capital  was 
loiMteil  at  N'ew.irk;  but  the  treaty  of  the  pre- 
vious year  stipulated  for  the  surrender  of  the 
posts  still  held  by  the  liritish  on  the  .\meri- 
cin  shore,  ,ind  \'ork  or  Toronto  was  soon 
after  selected. 

I'he  trade  of  Kingston  at  this  period  con- 
sisted cliietly  of  peltries  from  the  Upper  Lake 
country,  and  in  supplies  brought  up  the  river 
from  .Montreal.  There  were  then  three  nier- 
clianl  ships  on  the  lake,  th.it  m.ide  eleven 
voy.iges  in  a  year.  The  town  contained  .iboiit 
one  hundred  and  twentv  or  ihirtv  houses, 
none  more  distinguished  tli.m  ilie  rest,  ,ind 
Ihe  only  one  conspic  nous  was  the  b,irr.irks,  a 
stone  building  surrounded  hy  a  p.ilisade.  .Ml 
of  the  houses  stood  on  the  northern  b.ink  of 
the  bay,  which  stretched  .1  mile  farther  ini.i 
the  country,  while  on  the  southern  bank 
were  the  buildings  belonging  to  the  navv,  and 
the  dwellings  of  those  connected  with  that  de- 
partment. There  the  King's  ships  lay  at 
anchor,  apart  from  the  (lort  where  the  mer- 
chant vessels  landed. 

The  duke  sjieaks  kindly  of  the  Rev.  |olin 
Stuart,  curate  of  Kingston,  ,1  n.iiive  of  ILir- 
risburg,  i'a.,  who  sided  with  the'  Lovalists  of 
the  Revolution,  and  received  a  grant  of  2,000 
acres  near  Kingston,  a  ])art  of  which,  about 
seventy  acres,  he  cultivated  himself.  .Vltliough 
decidedly  loy.il,  he  was  still  liberal  in  his 
jiolitics — .1  man  of  much  general  information 
—  mild,  open  and  .iffable,  and  universally  re- 
spected. There  w.is  then  but  one  church  in 
Kingston,  lalely  built,  and  more  resembling  a 
barn  than  a  church. 

Is.\  \c   Wii.i),   ]\!.. 

Mr.  Weld  was  an  Irish  gentleman,  who  was 
induced  by  politic  al  troubles  to  leave  Iiel.iiid 
in    1795,  with   the  view  of  observing   tlie   on- 


1  1 


I  1 


i 


)ii 


In 


li 


{\ 


I 


I 


?    1 


\  i 


1 


/>/:M-A'//'/7()xs  or  nil-:  riiovsAsn  /s/..i.v/)s. 


20t, 


|>nrtunilies  for  si'ttlcincnt  wliicli  Aincrira 
.iflordud.  His  "  Travels  Tlirouj;!)  tlic  States 
ot  North  Aiiierica  and  tli<j  Provinces  of  U|)i)er 
and  Lower  Canada,  in  iJoS-fjfj-Qj,"  were 
published  in  ([iiarto  in  1799,  and  afterwards 
in  other  editions  in  ICnglish  and  Frencli.  We 
find  in  this  work  an  abundance  of  economical 
antl  statistical  facts,  an  ardent  ajipreciation  of 
the  beauties  of  nature,  and  a  candid  picture 
of  social  institutions  and  domestic  life,  that 
(;ave  it  a  permanent  value. 

Washington   Irving  —  (1803-1853). 

In  the  summer  of  1803,  Washington  Irving, 
then  a  youth  of  twenty  years,  made  a  journey 
to  Of^denshurj,',  by  way  of  the  Mohawk  and 
Hla(  k  River  Valleys,  in  company  with  the 
families  of  some  land-proprietors  of  St.  Law- 
rence county.  From  the  High  l''alls  on  Hlack 
river  (Lyon's  Falls],  they  floated  down  on  a 
scow  to  the  Long  Fails  |  Carthage],  consuming 
two  days  on  this  voyage  of  foity-two  miles, 
tlie  intervening  night  being  spent  in  a  humble 
log  cabin  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  in  Low- 
ville.  Soon  after  starting  on  the  second  day, 
tiiey  had  an  exciting  chase  of  a  deer  swim- 
ming the  river,  and  finally  secured  it. 

On  reaching  the  foot  of  navigation,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Long  Falls,  they  found  only 
one  public  house,  which  was  kept  by  a  French- 
man, the  last  survivor  of  the  "  Castorland 
Colony,"  and  of  this  he  says  : 

"  A  dirtier  house  was  never  seen.  We 
dubbed  it  "I'he  'rem|)le  of  Dirt,'  but  con- 
trived to  have  the  venison  cooked  by  a  ser- 
vant, and  with  crackers  and  gingerbread  felt 
•  piite  independent."'  Before  leaving  ne.xt 
morning,  Irving  wrote  with  a  pencil  over  the 
fire-i)lace  the  following  verse: 

"  Here  Sovereign  Dirt  erects  lier  sahle  throne. 
The  house,  the  host,  the  hostess  all  lur  own." 
Some  years  after,  Mr.  Hotfman  (who  was 
with  Irving  on  this  occasion)  ])ut  up  at  the 
same  house,  in  company  witli  Judge  William 
Cooper  (father  of  J.  I'enimore  Cooper,  the 
novelist),  and  their  attention  being  attracted 
by  the  legend,  the  judge,  who  had  seen  too 
mu(  h  of  pioneer  life  to  be  over-nice  about 
trifles,  wrote  underneath  : 


l.p.irn  licme,  voiiii),'  man,  ami  tcacli  it  to  your  sons, 
The  wisest  way's  to  take  it  as  it  tomes.  " 

The  remaining  si.xty  miles  of  Irving's 
journey  led  through  a  wilderness  along  a 
road  newly  cut,  and  in  a  vehicle  drawn  by 
oxen. 

Coming  by  railroad  from  Lake  Champlain 
to  Ogdensbiirg,  Irving  says: 

"  Here  we  passed  part  of  a  day— a  very  iiUcreslinK 
one  to  me.  Fifty  years  had  elapsed  since  I  had  vis- 
ited  tlic  place  in  company  witli  a  party  of  gcruU-men- 
proprietors,  wiili  some  ladies  of  their  families.  It 
was  then  a  wilderness,  and  we  were  i|nart('rcd  in  the 
remains  of  an  old  French  fort  at  the  conthieiice  o( 
the  Oswcgalchie  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  ll  was  all  a 
scene  of  romance  to  me,  for  I  was  then  a  mere  alrip- 
hng,  and  everything  was  strange  and  full  of  poetry. 
The  lonntry  was  covered  with  forest;  the  Indians 
still  inhaliitcd  some  islands  in  the  river,  and  prowled 
about  in  their  canoes.  There  were  two  young  l.idies 
of  the  party  to  sympatliize  in  my  roinanlic  feelitigs, 
and  we  passed  S(;:..e  happy  days  here,  exploring  the 
forests,  or  gliding  in  our  canoe  on  the  rivers. 

"  In  luy  present  visit  I  found,  with  dilliculty,  the 
site  of  the  old  French  fort,  but  all  traces  of  it  were 
gone.  I  looked  round  on  the  surrounding  country 
and  river.  .Ml  was  changed.  A  iiopuloiis  ciiv  oc 
cupied  botli  sides  of  the  Oswegatdiie,  great  sleamcis 
ploughed  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  opposite  f'auada 
shore  was  studded  with  towns  and  villages.  I  sat 
down  on  the  river  li.ink,  where  we  used  to  embark 
in  our  canoes,  and  thought  on  the  two  lovely  girls 
who  used  to  navigate  it  with  me,  and  tlie  joyous 
party  who  used  to  cheer  us  from  the  shore.  .Ml  had 
passed  away— all  were  dead!  I  was  the  sole  sur- 
vivor of  that  happy  parly:  and  here  I  had  returned, 
after  a  lapse  of  lifty  years,  to  sit  down  and  meditate 
on  the  mutability  of  all  things,  and  to  wonder  that  I 
was  still  alive." 

Mr.  Irving  lived  about   six  years  after  this 
journey,  .ind  died  November  2S,  1859. 

JoiiAN  (licoRc  Koiii,  —  (1854). 
Of  the  numerous  ([notations  we  have  made, 
there  is  not  one  more  worthy  of  notice 
than  that  of  the  distinguished  traveller  and 
learned  geographer,  Johan  (ieorg  Kohl,  Ph.  I). 
His  voluminous  publications,  including  travels 
in  every  part  of  Middle  and  Nothern  Europe, 
and  his  admirable  geographical  memoirs  (the 
most  valued  of  which  by  .\mericans  is  his 
elaborate  work  on  the  Early  Discoveries  upon 
the  Coast  of  Maine),  have  been   unifornily  re- 


ll 


■ 


:o" 


./  >(>r!7:.\7/c  or  rr/r  sr  i..nr/<i:.\\i.  A'/iw-u. 


i   i 


S^anii'd  ,1-;  |>ro(ln(tion=;  nf  lii^li  amlioriiy,  .i-< 
llicy  i.'\iiUiuly  witc  dI  |irotiiiiiul  rc'^eMfc  h. 
1  )r.  K I  ill  1  was  liniii  .il  liri'iiicn  in  iSoS,  and 
was  (.•(hi(:atf<l  at  ihc  I'niver^itics  of  (idiimm'n, 
lli'idulliini^li  anil  Munich.  lie  first  stiidiiil 
lau.  i)nl  turning  Ills  attonlion  ti)  arclKi'oiouical 
and  M  icntific  imrsuits,  lie  iicrhaps  rciukui'd 
the  greater  serviie  to  mankind.  }l\^  work  on 
the  Inllueiue  of  ('liinate  upon  Man,  is  one  of 
liarticiilar  merit.  'I'his  writer  returned  home 
from  America  in  1S5S,  ami  <lie(l  October  .;S, 
iS;^.  His  sister,  Madame  Ida  Kohl,  was  the 
author  of  several  hook^of  European  travel. 

Dr.  Kohl's  full  and  inlelligihle  ilescriiilion 
of  the  Islantls,  is  enlivened  l)y  a  poetic  senti- 
ment, and  by  legendary  associations  that  in- 
dicate a  mind  keenly  ali\e  to  the  beauties  of 
nature,  as  well  as  thoroughly  trained  in  the 
field  of  historical  iiKpiiry.  His  des<  ription  of 
this  region  is  as  follows: 

"Tlic  iiiidillc  of  lli.nt  poriidii  of  llic  Si.  L.iwri mt'. 
wliicli,.!''  I  havi'sjid,  was  forinii  Iv  (  allrcl  ( '.UciLiiiui. 
lias  become.  I  scarcely  know  wliy,  the  chief  ceiilie  of 
irallic  for  this  pan  of  the  coiMiliy.  The  two  most 
imporianl  (owns  of  ilic  disirict  here  lie  opposite  one 
another,  I'rescoll  on  Ihe  (".inadi.in  side,  and  Oudens- 
hurg  on  the  .Xmetican.  Railroads  from  llie  interior 
lerminale  at  holli  places,  and  there  is  therefore,  a 
>;reat  deal  of  life  and  bustle  on  the  water.  The  St. 
Lawrence  is  rather  narrower  at  ihis  point,  and 
nowhere  can  .i  coiiiparison  be  made  more  con- 
venientlj-  between  a  (Canadian  and  an  American 
town.  Prescott  exhibits  much  darker  hues  llian 
Ogdcnshiirjjh,  where  all  looks  briKhler  and  pleasanler; 
the  houses  of  the  former  are  built  in  solid  style  of 
^rev  stone,  and  the  same  bnildin;.'  material  thai  has 
served  for  Montreal.  The  .Xnieiicans  have  a  passion 
for  white  and  f;reen  houses,  and  plant  willows  and 
other  elegant  trees  lietween  them,  and  the  ( ontrast 
might  be  continued  to  many  other  particulars  were 
it  worth  while.  You  lia\e  t)cfore  yon  at  once  a 
picture  of  Ihe  '  old  country."  and  one  of  the  ipiite  new. 

"Ogdensburu  is  the  capil.d  of  the  tract  of  laiul 
that  I  have  described  a  chapter  or  two  back;  some 
miles  beyond  it  lies  another  prelly  river  port.  Urock 
ville,  and  then  again  some  miles  furlh<r  begins  ihe 
celebrated  '  [,ake  of  .1  Thousand  Islands; '  but  to 
li  ive  a  clear  idea  of  the  origin  and  lontiguration  of 
this  lake,  you  must  begin  at  Lake  Ontario. 

'■  Lake  Ontario  forms  on  its  western  side  a  regu- 
larly drawn  oval,  with  smoothly  cm  shores,  and  no 
considerable  islands  or  ;ippcndages.  On  ihe  north- 
eastern ^\i\c,  however,  where  its  waters  have  broken 
through  the  obstacles  that  opposed  llieir  progress,  ils 


hilheilo  liroail.  'Jiiinolh  e\pan.;e  is  broken  up  .inioug 
uunieions  isl.nnjs  .ind  peninsul.is. 

"Kiist  icirnis  ilie  l.iige  peniiisnl.i  of  I'lince  I'.d. 
w.iid,  then  Duck  Isl.md,  ,ind  sever.il  others,  as  well 
as  long  gulfs,  ba\s  and  islets,  breaking  the  land 
iii;hl  and  left.  Then  near  Kingston,  you  have  the 
(lieu  Wolfe  Island,  .\mhersl  Isl.ind.  and  others  — 
luiiuid  m;i>-'*isuf  l.md  that  the  watei  could  not  over- 
come, 01  possibly  which  rose  ;ibove  the  suiface  when 
the  ( )ntario  subsided  into  its  pieseni  bed.  .\l  length, 
beyond  Wolfe  Island,  the  lake  contracts  to  ;i  bre;iillh 
of  si\  or  seven  miles,  and  here  begins  the  '  Lake  of 
the  Thousand  Islands.'  These  islands  arc.  as  the 
name  indicates,  extraordinarily  numerous,  and  ihe 
w;uer  is  split  up  into  a  ( oriesponding  number  of 
channels,  but  at  lenglli  the  rivei  develops  itself 
au'aiii  out  of  the  lal)yrinth.  for  .1  distance  of  ihirly 
miles,  reckoning  from  Kingston,  the  waters  contract 
more  and  more,  hollow  out  a  deeper  and  deeper 
channel,  and  wear  away  mf)re  and  more  of  the 
islands,  which  graduallv  become  less  numerous, 
and  cease  entirely  about  a  mile  above  Urockville. 
The  current  now  becomes  stronger,  the  two  shores 
appear,  the  like  disappears,  and  the  river  l.ikes  its 
place;  but  this  is  for  an\  one  coming  down  the  river; 
we  were  pursuing  an  opposite  course. 

"The  name  of  the  locality,  'Thousand  Islands,' 
w.is  probably  bestowed  by  Ihe  lesuits.  or  the  celc- 
br.ited  (anailian  traveller.  Champlain,  who  was  ihc 
first  discoverer  of  Lake  Ontario.  The  number  o( 
the  islands  is,  of  course,  only  guessed  at.  Some 
make  them  i.vx),  and  some  as  manv  as  Jnoo,  as 
there  perhaps  may  be,  if  they  bestow  the  name  of 
island  on  each  separ.ite  bit  of  rock  that  sticks  out 
of  the  w.iier.  or  every  reef  or  sand  liar  that  lies  iusi 
under  it. 

"  Half  of  these  islands  lie  along  the  American 
shore,  tlu'  rest  nearer  lo  r;inada.  and  the  frontier 
line  has  been  drawn  between  the  two.  ;ind  the  chan- 
nel for  steamers  keeps  prellv  closely  to  that  line. 
The  whole  scene  is  renowned  as  interesting  and  pic- 
lures((ue.  both  in  the  I'nited  States  and  Canada,  and 
parties  of  pleasure,  picnics,  and  sporting  excursions 
are  made  10  it  both  from  Kingston  and  Hrockville. 
People  hire  one  of  the  elegant  yachts  or  boats  built 
at  Kingston,  and  sail  about  wiili  their  friends  from 
island  to  island,  dine,  camp  under  the  trees,  shoot 
the  water  fowl,  lish,  and  am  se  themselves  in  many 
ways.  Many  remain  for  days  logcthcr.  for  the  tours 
among  these  countless  islands  have  something  of  the 
charm  of  discovery.  One  of  ihe  party,  perhaps,  de- 
clares he  knows  of  an  island  that  has  never  been 
visited  :  another  lells  of  a  deep,  wooded  bay,  in 
whose  clear,  calm  waters  no  one  has  vet  tried  to 
anchor. 

■'  We  reached  the  hrsl  of  the  islands,  a  little  above 
Urorkville,  and  soon  found  ourselves  surrounded  by 
ihi'ni ;  sometimes  lying  in  a  long  string,  like  a  row  of 


/'/•; 


h'/r r/iKXs  ()/■■  /■///■:  /va '/■>,/. w  /s/.i\/>s. 


J'  ■? 


i 


lie, ids.  siiiiirtiiiK's  llini^' |>i'll  iiR'll  l'>^('|lK'r  in  .1  liiap. 
Si.inc  MIC  l.iigr  aii'l  rcivciiil  willi  (hick  woods;  all 
li  cvi-  llci'S  ;llld  till  ic  ;\li'  siiiiu  --o  sllKllI  tiKII  lllcv 
li.ivc  i)nl\  iiisl  room  lor  our  Inc  or  ;i  Imsli  Tln'rc 
Is  .111  iiiliiiilL  v.ii  iiu  ill  lilt  niouiiinn  of  iIk'  Irurs,  loo, 
sonic  briiiH  );.illn'iiil  iiilo  soi  ial  [larlii'S,  sonic  liviiijj 
as  solitary  licriiiits,  so  llial  pcipclually  new  coiiilii- 
n.ilioiis  arc  formed  in  llic  scciuiy.  Some  of  llic 
isl.inds  arc  just  liarcly  liiddiii  niidcr  a  thin  covcrinn 
of  moss  anil  oilier  vc<;i'laiion,  and  somctiincs  ilic 
rusial  w.ilci  is  llowinn  ovci  ,1  mass  of  naked  locks 
lli.it  il  iKiiely  covers. 

"  The  foiindalioil  of  all  llicse  isl.iiids  I  lielicvc  lo 
l>"  ^i.inilr.  and  in  );eiicral  llicy  arc  not  liiuli,  llioii^li 
pii  iiiMsi|iii'  pedestals  are  alloriUnl  for  the  Irci  s  liy 
liinks  of  Iweiily  Icet  deep.  The  hiiyer  have  lulls 
,111  I  valli'ys.  and  aralilc  Ininl  eiioiiyli  to  he  woilli 
Ciillivallnn,  tlioiiyh  hitlierlo  little  li.is  hecii  ohiaincd 
fioui  llicm  hcsides  jjanic,  lisli  ,ind  wood.  Villages 
till  re  aie  none,  .iiid  only  a  few  scaltcrcil  dwellings  or 
sli.iiilies  for  siioil-iincn,  wood-ciillcrs,  and  Inmhcr- 
imii,  wilh  .1  few  meclianical  contrivances,  such  as 
aie  seen  on  the  Ottawa,  for  the  collecting  and  trans- 
poiliiii;  of  llie  felled  trees.  I'hc  islands  all  have 
owneis,  hill  .Is  everywhere  ill  .America  wlicie  l.iiid. 
wood  .iiid  w.iter  ii'iiiain  iiiisellled,  they  have  been  to 
some  cxic  111  invaded  hy  sc|tialtcis,  whose  huts  we 
saw  lure  and  lliere  on  the  shores,  and  the  owners 
seldom  oliir  any  ohjeclion.  as  iliey  consider  that 
these  [leople  hel|>  lo  rcilaini  the  land,  and  make 
s.iiiic  steps  towards  its  ciiliivalion. 

•  ilie  liesi  lime  to  visit  the  islands  is  in  spring  and 
ill  ilie  e.irly  sunimei.  for  then  the  liees  .iiul  sliriilis 
.lie  frayiant  from  every  cliU;  the  woods  aie  full  of 
liirds  and  v.iiious  animals;  ;iiul  sometimes  when  the 
air  is  very  hot,  the  w.iter  is  so  delicionsly  cool  ;ind 
fresh,  that  it  is  a  ilelight  to  plunge  into  it.  Hut  in 
l!ie  colli  autumn  day  when  1  visited  the  lake,  the 
w.iler  is  less  attr;ictivc.  (Joetlie's  fisherman  could 
only  have  been  enchanted  liy  the  Nixie  on  ;i  w;irm 
siiminei's  evening. 

"The  autumn  is,  however,  the  loveliest  lime  for 
one  of  the  grealest  ;illr.iclions  of  llie  islands,  and  the 
green,  red,  yellow,  brown  and  golden  le.if;ige  was 
heautifiilly  mirrored  in  the  clear  w;iier  liemalh. 
Some  of  the  islands,  when  the  suiihe.ims  fell  on 
them,  seemed  quile  to  ll.ime.  and,  in  fact,  this  does 
somclimes  happen  in  more  than  .1  metaphoi  iral  sense, 
and  the  burning  woods  produce,  ii  is  said.  :i  most  iiiag- 
iiilicent  spectacle.  If  voii  chance  to  be  passing  in  a 
steamer,  you  may  enjoy  ihe  sight  nearer  and  more 
conveniently  lh;in  ;i  simihir  scene  elsewhere,  as  the 
inlervenin  water  reiulers  it  safe.  The  boats  there 
run  very  close  in  shore  and  tl»  p;isscngers  can  look 
deeply  into  the  recesses  of  the  blazing  woods,  ;ind  vet 
remain  in  secii;ity.  I  was  told  this  by  .1  genllemaii 
who  hid  enjoyed  the  sight;  and  ;iiiotliei .  who  no- 
ticed the  interest  I  took  in  these   riiousand    Ishuids, 


mentioned  some  further  p.iiliculais.  In  his  \oulh. 
he  s,iid,  they  were  inhabited  by  liidi;ins,  lemn.ints  of 
the  Iroipiois,  in  Six  .N'.ilions,  to  whom  the  whole 
north  of  the  Sl.ite  of  .Sew  \'oik  belonged.  These 
isl.inders  weie  iiiUed  .\Iississ;igna,  ,1  n.iine  tli;il  still 
occurs  in  various  localities  on  the  St.  Lawrence; 
iheir  chief  resided  on  one  of  the  piincip:il  islands, 
.Old  the  rest  of  the  tribe  was  sc.itleied  ;ibout  on  the 
others,  in  birch  huts  or  leiils.  I  hcii  c.inoes  were  ol 
the  s.inie  material,  and  with  these  ihe\  used  lo  glide 
softly  over  the  water,  ;tnd,  in  the  numerous  little 
b;iys,  or  arms  of  the  river,  surprise  the  lish,  which, 
h.iving  never  been  disturbed  b\'  noisy  sle.imers,  tilled 
the  waters  in  (  oiinlless  abundance.  The  birds  and 
other  game  were  eipially  plenliful  in  the  woods,  hut 
now,  when  greedy  sipiatlers  ;iiid  sportsmen,  with 
guns,  h;ive  exhausted  the  district,  the  islands  are 
conip.iralivcly  devoid  of  .inim.il  life. 

'It  was  the  practice  among  the  Mississaguas,  at 
certain  limes  of  the  ye;ir,  to  le.ne  the  isl.inds  10  their 
young  peopl  ;ind  iii.ike  greal  hunting  ex|>edilions 
northward  ..  o  the  interior  of  Caii.ida,  and  soiiili- 
w,ird  into  New  York  .My  inform.int  had  visited 
theni  once  when  he  was  a  young  in. in,  ;ind  being 
hospitably  received,  had  aflcrw.ods  r(pe:iled  his 
visits,  made  aci|u;iintances  and  fmiids  :inioiig  Iheiii, 
lived  Willi  them  for  weeks,  .ind  sh;iiei!  the  joys  and 
sorrows  of  the  hniiler's  life,  (bice  when  he  had 
been  on  a  journev  to  Niagaia  and  ihe  west,  .mil  had 
been  a  long  time;ibsent,  he  could  not  desist  when  he 
passed  the  Thousand  Islands  on  his  iciiii  n  to  his  ii;i 
tive  town,  lirock\ille,  from  ni;iking  a  call  \i\  the  wav 
on  his  .\Iississ.igu;i  friends.  They  lecogni/ed  him 
i  III  mediately,  gave  him  the  warmest  reception,  and  car 
ried  him  on  their  shouldeis  to  their  chief,  who  made 
a  gre.it  feast  in  his  honor,  ;ind  canoes  full  of  Indi.ins 
c;ime  gliding  in  ciowds  from  the  islands  to  see  and 
welcome  him.  lli'  had  lo  pass  the  night  ;imong 
them  ;  the  sipiiiws  pripared  his  com  h,  ;ind  two  of 
the  Indians  insisted  on  serving  him  as  ;i  giuird  ol 
honor  ;il  his  lent  door,  where  they  camped  out  ;ind 
kept  the  lire.  '  1  was  almost  moved  lo  tears  myself, 
sir,  oil  seeing  my  half-s;ivage  friends  again.  Helieve 
me,  it  is  a  r.ice  very  susceptible  lo  kindness,  lluuigli 
at  the  same  time  certainly  very  levengcfiil  foi  iiiin- 
ries.  They  never  forget  their  fiieiids,  but  an  veiv 
terrible  and  even  treacherous  against  their  enemies. 
We  li:ivc  very  erroneous  notions  of  the  Indians.  We 
call  them  poor  ;ind  miserable,  bui  tliev  appear  (piite 
otherwise  to  themselves.  'They  are  proud  of  llicii 
prowess  and  animal  daring,  and  of  the  performances 
of  iheir  forefathers.  In  fact,  they  think  themselves 
the  first  r;tce  in  creation.' 

"  '.Xre  there  now  any  remains  of  these  proud  peo- 
ple on  the  islands  ?' 

'•  '  No.  Tlicy  h;ive  been  scattered  like  the  chafl"; 
Iheir  lisheiies  and  llicir  hiinling  bcc.ime  continually 
less  productive  :   the  villages  and  lownsof  the  whiles 


j 

'i 

"r 

'fi    ■ 

I 


I' 


i! 


If! 


:oS 


./  .svT/v.wA'  "/    rur  >/".  i awrfxcf  h'/ii:K. 


hi     i 


I   < 


>;rfw  ii|i  .irciiitnl  iIk  in  .  llirv  In  j;.iii  In  Ire  I  ilu  pirs 
siuf  of  want  ,  tin  ii  i.irc  dliil  .iway  liki'  llif  li^li  in 
llic'ir  walfts,  aii'l  at  Kim  the  fi'W  wIid  rciniincil,  at- 
ci'|>U'(l  a  {iii>|>(»al  of  till'  ^1 1  vein  men  t,  tliaulx  \  slinnlij 
I'Xc  han;^i'  llic  '«'  islaiuls  fot  a  iiioic  rcniolt  lialiitallon 
—  I  ill)  nol  ni\M-ll  know  ixaclly  wlii'ir.'  " 

\Vi:  ail'  iicic  aliU'  U)  sii|p|ily  xiiiif  iiifoiiii:!- 
lion  \vlii(  li  our  author  luul  iiol  tlic  niniorluiiity 
to  oliiain  : 

Hcforc  the  viar  iSjd,  ilicsc  Iniliaii'^  wtii  pa^ians. 
wamltriii;;  aliont  in  lln'  ticinlilpoiliood  of  Hcllrvillr, 
Kin^stnn  anil  (ianandiint'.  ami  (,iinin;;a  |iit'i  aiioiis 
living  li\'  liiintitii;  ami  tisliinij,  Tliry  ilaiintJ  llii' 
lltlf  to  a  latH''  'i'"-"t  north  t)f  the  river,  ami  the  islamis 
as  far  ilowii  as  I'tcscotl.  Hilow  thai  |ilacc-  the  St. 
Rujjis  Indians  claimctl,  and  lliisc  have  ncvtr  ccdid 
to  the  government  their  right  to  the  islands. 

In  lS2(i-7,  between  two  and  threi'  hiindud  of  these 
"  Mississauiias  of  the  Hay  of  (jiiinle."  as  they  were 
called,  or  more  pioiKrly  the  I'aylc  haixlof  the  ("hip- 
pewas,  were  induced  lo  settle  on  tirape  Island  in  the 
Hav  of  (hiinie,  aliout  six  mile>  from  lielhville, 
wheie  a  Wesleyaii  Melhoilisi  Mission  was  estab- 
lished, schools  opened,  ,ind  the  simpler  arts  of  civil- 
ized life  bej;aii  to  be  introduced.  I'mler  kind  and 
^jentli  treatment  they  made  much  projjress,  and 
bejiaii  lo  pi, ml  and  impinve  their  homes  with  eom- 
inemhihle  zed.  .\fli  r  living  eleven  years  on  the 
island,  llie\  ^.ive  up  their  improvements,  to  be  sold 
for  their  111  rietil,  and  lenioved  to  .■Mnwick,  in  the 
coiiiily  of  .Northumberland,  eighteen  miles  from  Co- 
burg,  and  ten  from  Hastings,  where  a  location  of 
2,<HK)  acres  was  secureil  to  them  by  Sir  John  Col- 
burn,  and  laid  out  into  farms  of  twenty  live  acres 
each.  Nine  years  after  this  removal,  a  report  showeil 
ill. It  their  --etileiMeiii  had  thirty-six  dwellings,  of 
which  twenty-iwo  were  framed  buildings  and  the 
rest  of  logs.  They  had  from  360  to  400  ,icrcs  eleareil, 
and  h.id  a  populalinn  of  233. 

Many  years  ago  they  ceded  to  the  government 
their  lands  in  Newcastle,  Midland  and  lohnsiown 
districts,  aiiJ  in  iSsd  they  relimpiished  the  inanage- 
tiient  of  their  property  in  the  islands,  reserving  what 
ever  rents  or  profits  might  lesull  llieiefrom.  This 
trust  is  manageil  by  the  Indian  iMatich  of  the  l)e 
partineni  of  the  Interior,  at  Ottawa.  The  report  fot 
the  year  ending  lime  30,  1S7S,  gave  the  capital  of 
their  account  as  ^3i  ,4i>3,'^il  — their  revenue  as 
*5,(i;9.o8,  chietly  from  interest,  and  the  expenditures 
a<  •'!<4,2f4.f)(j,  chiellv  in  distribution  li>  those  entitled. 

.'several  of  the  larger  islands  were  granted,  or 
leased  for  long  periods,  a  century  or  so  since,  and 
some  of  the  smaller  ones  are  held  under  Indian 
titles  by  residents  up.in  lliem,  or  the  owners  of  lands 
opposite. 

In  the  map  of  the  Canadian  islands  prepared  by 
Mr.  L'liwin,   under   date  of  June    14,   1373,   upon   a 


sc.ile  ol  ten  ch,iiii'<  lo  the  inch,  names  01  luimliMs 
,ire  .ipplied  to  all  of  them,  3)S  in  number.  I'liey  .iie 
divided  among  four  ,igencies  for  siipei vision.  Kv 
f.ir  the  gieatei  niiinber  of  these  islands  are  still 
wholly  111101  I  iipied,  and  in  a  sl.ite  of  nature,  except 
as  the  tinibur  h,is  been  ilespoiUd  by  iinaiilhori/.ed 
person^  for  pleasiiie   ui    piohi,  01    .is  dcstrovt  d    by 

lllls. 

\\\  will  How  resume  the  ii.irrative  ol  Dr. 
Kolil.  on  his  voy.i^e  ainoiij;  tlie  isl.iiuls: 

'•  The  oiiU  living  being  that  appeared  very  com- 
iiHPil  lieie  now  was  the  bird  the  laiglish  c.ill  the 
loon.  It  is  a  w.iler  lowl  .is  large  as  a  goose,  with  a 
very  thick  head  and  long  beak;  its  color  black,  with 
while  spots  on  llie  wings.  This  large  biid  w,is 
swiinming  about  everywhere  among  the  islamis.  and 
It  was  curious  to  see  how  exactly  similar  was  the  im- 
pulse of  inslinci  in  the  niiineroiis  specimens  thai  we 
met  in  the  course  of  thirty  miles.  .\s  long  as  our 
bo.ii  coniiiiiied  pretty  f.ir  oil',  lliev  swam  ipiiellv  .ibout 
on  the  gl.issy  water,  allending  onlv  to  their  own 
.illairs,  and  busy  in  catching  insects  or  lish;  but  as 
soon  as  we  came  within  31H)  yards,  they  shot  up  into 
the  ,(ir,  with  their  long  necks  stretched  mil,  and  toll- 
ing about  their  still  longer  heads,  so  as  lo  look  .it  us 
timidly,  now  with  the  right,  and  now  with  the  left, 
eye.  In  the  second  slate  of  their  fear,  lliis  anxious 
movement  was  commimicaled  to  their  whole  bodv, 
and  they  steered  alternately  light  .ind  left,  ami  at 
1,1st  llewsiiaight  on  before  us.  but  when  they  noticeil 
that  our  winged  sleaiii  monster  w.is  soon  ag.iiii 
within  a  liimdred  y.irds  or  so.  they  seemed  fairlv  lo 
give  it  up,  -  lolled  their  heads  about  a  little  more, 
and  then  threw  a  soinersaull,  and  went  down  heels 
over  head  in  the  w.iier  and  disappeared.  All  these 
motions  weri'  repiated  by  every  individual  as  exactly 
,is  if  they  had  been  previously  agreed  upon. 

"These  'loons,'  the  '  winteigreeiis,'  and  the 
numerous  wMlch-toweis  among  the  islands,  weie  the 
only  objects  that  altracled  my  alU  nlioii.  This  win- 
lergreen,  or  pyrola,  is  a  low  plant  or  bush,  that  does 
nol  at  all.  at  least  in  the  autumn,  correspond  with 
its  name,  for  it  looked  blood-red,  and  covered  the 
ground  under  the  trees  wiili  a  red  carpet.  Some- 
times i!  ran  as  a  border  round  the  isl.inds,  and  then 
the  groups  of  trees  seemed  to  be  enclosed  in  a  wreath 
of  red  Mowers,  as  I  li.ive  seen  them  in  an  I'nglish 
park.  The  light-houses,  too,  tended  to  convey  the 
impression  that  we  were  not  upon  the  mighty  St. 
Lawrence,  but  on  the  arlihcial  waters  of  some  pleas- 
ure ground, —  for  they  were  elegant  white  buildings, 
like  pavilions,  or  kiosks,  sometimes  hidden  in  a 
grove,  sometimes  rising  from  a  little  island  or  prom 
ontorv.  They  are  nuinerous,  and  of  course  very 
necessary,  as  the  winding  waterv  channel  is  con- 
tinually changing  its  direction  in  this  labyrinth  of 
Islands, 


I 


I 


1 


L 

yi 

K 

• 

<■ 

M 

1 

r. 

y 

1 


i^i; 


i 


•'f 


1 

I 

1 


J)i:SCRII'TIO.\S   (>/■-    /■///.     /7/(>l  S.l.\7)    /,N/. /.W'.V 


M  I 


"  My  (k'yiics  —  :iflrr  yon  have  liicakfas(oil  oiicc. 
ami  Ii.kI  one  diiiiu'i — llii' j^aiduii  conies  lo  an  iikI, 
and  you  cnicryt'  upon  the  opiii  liiUl  —  thai  is  Id  sav 
llie  Ijroad  watt-i,  and  ilic  appmacli  of  llic  Unlaiio 
and  llif  cily  of  Kingslon  is  aiinoiun  td.  " 

iiK.\>ON    J.     l.ii>>lNt,. —  (1X50-1860). 

'['his  wcll-kiiowii  liistinical  writer  lias  many 
allusions  to  tiic  uiipir  Si.  I.auiciu  c,  and  llic 
events  witii  whicii  they  aie  assoi  iateil.  \V  hile 
collecting  materials  tor  his  "  I'iciorial  l''ielil- 
Mook  of  the  Revolution,  "  he  [lassid  up  the 
river  by  steamer,  in  the  summer  of  1.S50,  and 
thus  records  his  impn-ssious  ni"  the  s(  emrv  : 

'■  A  calm,  swciilv  consunanl  with  ideas  of  .S.il.- 
li.uh  rest,  was  upon  tlie  main,  the  Island-.,  and  tin- 
livci,  .uid  all  the  day  loufi  nut  a  liicatli  of  .lii  tip- 
pled the  silent-llowiiiK,  hut  iiii:litv  St  l.awieinc. 
We  passed  the  nioiniiif:  in  altiiiiaich  viiuin.;  tlu' 
ever-cli.miiinK  scene  as  our  \essel  sped  low.irds  On- 
tario, and  in  perusiii!.;  Hui  ke's  '  ICssay  on  the  Suh- 
limc  and  Heauliful.'  I  nevn  re.id  tli.it  chariuiui; 
production  with  so  much  plc.i'-uie  as  then,  feu  illus- 
ti.Uive  esamples  will'  on  every  siiU  .  .\nd  wlien. 
towards  noon,  our  1  onise  was  anion;;  the  Thous.iud 
Islands,  the  propriety  of  the  stars  as  an  example,  li\ 
their  niiniber  and  confusion,  of  the  c.iuse  of  the  ide.i 
of  snhliniily,  was  forcibly  illnsir.ited.  'The  appa- 
rent disorder.'  he  says,  '  aunnieiits  the  jjraiuliiii .  fm 
the  appeaiance  of  care  is  liiy;lily  coiiliaiy  to  our  idii 
of  nia^jniticem  e.'  So  with  these  Islands.  Thex  till 
the  St.  Lawrence  Ihrouyli  nearly  foity  miles  of  its 
couise,  comnienciiii;  directly  opposite  the  city  of 
Kingston,  and  v.iiying  in  si/,e  from  a  few  vards  to 
eighteen  miles  in  lenyth.  Some  are  mere  syeiiilii: 
locks,  heariili;  sullicient  alluvinni  lo  produce  cedar, 
spruce  and  pine  shrubs,  which  seldom  jjrow  lo  the 
dii;nity  of  a  irce;  wliile  others  were  be.iulifulh 
friii)jed  with  liixuri.inl  yrass  and  shaded  by  lofi\ 
trees.  .\  few  of  the  larfjei  .ire  inhaliiled  and  cnlli- 
v.iteil  Tlier'-'  are  twelve  huiulied  and  tweiitv -.rvi  11 
III  iinmbir.  \'iewed  sepai.ilely,  they  piesent  nothiii!; 
remarkable,  but  scattered,  as  ihev  aie,  ■-o  profusely 
.iiid  ill  such  disorder,  ovei  the  liosoiii  01  the  liver, 
their  features  consl.inll>  cIkiiihiii;^  a-,  we  iii.ide  0111 
raiiid  w.iy  anionn  them,  an  idea  of  maiiiiiticence  and 
sublimity  involuntarily  possessed  the  mind,  and 
wooed  our  ailenlion  from  the  tuition  of  books  to 
that  of   N.iluie.  " 

.Again,  ten  yeais  later,  while  jireparing  his 
"  I'ield-liook  of  the  W.ir  of  iSii,"in  referring 
to  the  Islands,  he  says  : 

This   uroup    of    Islands,  lyinj;    in  the    St     L.i 


iiuiiilii.i  more  than  liflii-n  liuiidnil.  .\  lewol  iliein 
.111-  i.iiye  .mil  culiiv.iied.  lull  ;iiii-.|  of  llieiii  .lie  lueie 
loiky  islets,  covered  ifeiiii.illy  will,  stunted  heiil- 
liK  U-  and  ced.ir  trees,  wliicli  eMeiid  lo  the  water's 
ediic.  Some  of  them  com, 1111  .111  .11  ii  of  only  a  few 
sipLire  y.irds,  while  others  puseiii  iii.iny  siiperlicial 
Sipiare  miles.  ( '.luoes  .ind  siii.ill  bo.its  may  pass  in 
safety  .iiiionjj  all  of  tlieiu,  .mil  tliire  is  a  deep  chaii 
iiel  liii  steamboats  and  other  l.iini-  vessels,  which 
iievei  vaiie^  in  depth  and  position,  the  liotlom  belli;; 
loiky  The  St.  I.awience  here  v.uies  fioiii  two  to 
iiiiii-  miles  in  width.  The  lioiiiid.uy -line  between 
the  I'uited  States  and  Canad.i  passes  anions;  tluui. 
It  was  iletermiiud  ill  iSlS.  The  l.irKcst  of  the 
Islands  aie  (iraiid  and  Howe,  beloiiniim  to  Canad.i. 
and  Carlton,  (iiiudstone  and  Wells  beloniiiii;;  lo  the 
fiiiiid  St.iies.  They  li.ive  been  the  the.itic  of  many 
historic  scenes  and  legendary  tales  diiriu);  dining  two 
cinliiries  and  .i  half." 

jiil  NM.S   111'  rill'.  I'klNi  1;  (If  W.M  1.^. — (1860.) 

In  1860,  the  I'rinie  of  Wales  (knoxvn  in  the 
I'nileil  .St, lies  as  I'l.iron  Renfrew),  accomp.i- 
iiied  by  His  Cir.ue,  the  Duke  o'"  Newcastle, 
Secretar\  of  Stale  for  the  Colonies  ;  the  M.irl 
of  St.  ("lerin.iins,  Siew.ird  lo  the  (^hieen's 
Miiitsehold ;  Maior-Cieneral  llntce,  (Imer- 
nor  to  the  Prime  ;  Dr.  .\ckland,  llie 
I'rim  e's  I'hysician  ;  .Major  'I'eesdale  and 
Cipiain  (irey,  tlie  I'rime's  Ivpierries,  and  Mr. 
I'.ngleherst,  private  secret.iry  to  the  Diike  ol 
.Xewcastle,  tr.i\elled  through  portions  of  the 
I'nited  States  and  Canada.  He  was  every- 
where received  by  the  oflicials  of  both  coun- 
tries with  the  honors  due  to  his  rank.  Ilesides 
those  properly  belongim^  to  his  suite  were 
several  correspondents  of  iiewsp:t]iers,  wjio 
kept  the  public  informed  of  the  iiK  idents  of 
the  iourney,  .iiid  several  books  were  soon  after 
published,  giving  these  in  a  collei  led  form. 
We  jiri'sent  extracts  from  two  of  these  works, 
one  bv  a  corresiiondent  of  the  Nev  \'ork 
Her.ild,  .md  the  other  by  the  writer  represent- 
ing the  London  limes.  The  i'rim  e,  after 
V  isiting  Lower  (.'anada,  proceeiled  to  <  iltaw.i, 
and  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  new  I'.irli.i- 
inenl  luiildings,  of  what  h.is  siiu  e  become  the 
Dominion  Cnu eminent.      I'"rom  ihere  he  pro- 


( eeded   to    ibockvi 


where   he  look  passage 


on    boaril    the    ste.uiu  r    Kingston,  and   passe 


d 


rence,  just  below  ihr  fool  of  Lake  Oiit.ii io,  Mil  th.ii       through  this  part  of  ihe  St.   Lawienceon  the 


It 


C, 


"    I 


loi    Ihiitv  sc 


iiiles   .ilong   its   ciuiise,   and 


if  September,   i860. 


n 


//    SOl/Vi:XlR   OF    TIIF.    ST.  LAW  k'FXCi:   AV  /  7;A'. 


l!Ki 


ll  f  \ 


At  Kui,i;>luii,  till  ( )r,ii)gciiKii  had  [ircparcd 
to  join  in  tlic  reception  of  tlie  Prince,  in  their 
regalia,  justifying  themselves  in  tliis  by  alleg- 
ing that  the  Catholics  in  Lower  Canada  had 
been  rccogiii/ed  iiimhi  similar  occasions,  '{"he 
Duke  of  Newcastle  addressed  a  letter  to  the 
(  it\-  oftuials,  re([iiesting  them  to  i)revent  these 
|i.iriisan  demonstrations,  but  neither  party  ap- 
peared '.villing  to  yield;  and,  after  waiting 
nearly  a  day,  the  steamer  proieeded  on  its 
way  up  the  bay  without  landing.  At  Belle- 
ville a  similar  event  happened,  and  at  Toronto 
a  serious  misunderstanding  arose  from  like 
causes. 

Ri.ii'.piioN  ()i-  rill"  I'ki.m  r.  lu  Walks,  as  Dk- 

>(  UllUI)    \'.\     KiNAIlAN    CoRNWAll.IS,    CoK- 

ui:si'()Niu:n  r  ui-    lui.  N'kw  Yokk  Hkrald. 

The  letters  of  this  writer  were  afterwards 
collected  in  book  form.  The  party  arrived  at 
the  railway  stati(jn  by  the  (irand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, where  our  extract  begins: 

"  At  twenty  iniiuUes  to  eight,  tlic  train  entered 
HrDiUvillc;  tlierc  tin:  greatest  cioivd  that  Mroekville 
cVL-i  yatlicrc'il  was  >ccii  .it  the  rail-     y  station. 

"On  stcppinj;  oil  tlic  |ilatforin.  llir  clicerini;  prc- 
vt'iUcil  anylhini^  else  being  hcaril  for  seveial  inin- 
lUes;  luit  when  this  tuirst  of  joy  anil  welcome  hail 
siil)sidcd,  the  Mayor  of  tlie  town,  accompanied  hy 
sever.il  inenibers  of  the  ("oinriion  rnmuil,  advanced 
and  read  an  address,  to  wliiili  Ilis  Royal  Highness 
replied.  The  ['rince  was  conducted  to  his  carriage, 
in  wliich  lie  took  his  seat  beside  the  (jovernor-tii.ii- 
eral.  with  IlisGr.iie  tlie  Duke  of  Newcastle  on  .iic 
opposite  seat.  A  torch  lit;ht  proiession  of  the  fire- 
men and  others  was  in  waiting,  and  a  general  illu- 
mination had  the  elTect,  in  the  midst  of  the  trinmpiial 
arches  and  other  evergreen  and  lloral  decorations,  of 
lending  .\  species  of  fa''v  enchantment  to  the  siene, 
whirli  was  one  of  the  prettiest  I  havi'  ever  seen — far 
more  so  ih.in  that  of  the  great  jap.mese  Hall.  I'lie 
daming  torches  in  the  background,  the  exploding 
rockets  high  above,  the  l)rillianHranspar(  neies  span 
ning  the  streets,  the  C'hinese  hiiueriis  swinging  from 
roofs,  .\nc|  windows,  and  arches,  the  disiaru  bonlires, 
the  ringing  church  bells,  and  tlie  ringing  cheers, 
combined  to  make  a  spectacle  as  hrlUianl  as  it  was 
exciting.  The  procession  then  moved  forw.ird 
Inwards  the  steamer  Kingston  at  the  wharf, — the  lire- 
inen  and  other  torch-bearers  following  in  the  'ear, 
,ind  were  sainted  with  hieworks  ih.it  lent  a  terriblv 
lurid  aspect  lo  the  wIkjIc,  at  every  point  of  their  pro- 
gress. 

"The  display  was   highly  creditable  lo  the  towns- 


people, manv  of  whom,  howcvei .  unit  huine  very 
much  dis.ippoinled  ,U  having  been  iin.ilile  lo  catch  a 
glimpse  of  the  royal  visitoi. 

■'On  the  ne\t  morning,  the  Prime  appeared  on 
the  ste. liner's  deck  .U  niiU'  o'l  lock,  and  being  recog- 
iii/^ed  by  those  on  shore-,  there  \v. is  gre.it  clu'cring. 
The  steamer  being  amhored  a  short  dist.ince  mid- 
stream, was  surrouiiiled  by  mimerous  boats  tilled 
with  those  eager  to  see  him.  .\l  .i(|uaiter  to  eleven, 
he  gratified  a  general  wisli  by  coming  ashore  in  a 
small  boat,  and  driving  through  the  principal  streets 
of  the  town.  .Ml  the  iisources  i,l"  the  |)lace  were 
taxed  to  provide  carri.!:;es  fni  the  par!\'.  and  with 
loleialile  success,  although  there  was  a  great  want 
of  uniformity  in  the  si/.e.  color  and  shape  of  the 
vehicles  anil  horses  enlisied  in  the  service.  The 
Prince  took  his  pi. ice  in  an  open  c.irriaL;e  liy  the  side 
of  the  (iovernoi-t  ieiier.il.  while  the  Duke  of  New- 
castle and  Eail  of  St.  (ierm.iius  sal  uppnsite.  Lord 
Lyons  and  the  suite  followed  in  Sep. irate  carriages. 
The  --'treets  were  \erv  dusiv,  nwing  parti/  to  the 
crowd  thai  r.in  alongside  .iiid  before  and  behind  the 
Prince's  c.irriage,  which  was  yu.nded  by  the  police- 
men, one  al  either  side,  armed  wiih  batons.  The 
royal  p.irly  had  lo  keep  their  eyes  shut  for  a  wliile, 
but  afterward  the  clouds  diminislied,  both  in  volume 
and  density.     The  diive  l.isled  .ibniil  half  an  hour. 

"  .\l  twenty  miniiles  p.isi  twelve,  thi'  Kingston 
sle.imed  away,  and  in  i  few  iniiiutes  aflerw.iril  was 
pursuing  her  course  .iiii hil;  tin-   riious.iiid  Isl.mds. 

"The  weather  w.is  lot  luiiaielv  warm  and  siinnv, 
and  the  granite  island-  weie  seen  to  grfat  adv.ml.igi . 
'I'here  ii.uure  appeared  to  li.ive  f.iieifully  prepared  a 
gr.nid  prns.  enium  lo  feast  the  li.ivelleis'  eyes,  for 
nothing  could  h.ive  exceeded  in  siii;^rul.irily  the 
scene  th.it  presented  itself  'I'he  mighty  Si.  L.iw- 
rence — the  '  Iro'iuois'  of  ilie  led  in.oi  -here,  in  ages 
long  elapsed,  urged  ils  m  \i  i|  w.Ueis,  before  pent 
up  in  the  vist  inland  b,isiu  nf  Noilh  America. 
against  ih.il  poition  nl  the  primitive  barrier  which 
visibly  extends  fioin  the  gr.iiiHe  inounl.iins  of  the 
east  over  to  ihe  dividing  lidiie  lutween  the  wild 
regions  of  Hudson's  H.iy  .iinl  the  tiibni.iry  wateis  of 
the  ()ll.iwa  and  St  I..iwrence  ;  .ind,  here,  by  some 
tremendous  ell'ort,  whii  h  h.is  ividenilv  shaken  the 
whole  eoniurv  from  King-ion,  M  the  eastern  exirem 
ity  of  l.,ike  •  )iit.o  io,  lo  the  othei  s|.|e  of  ihe  region 
through  which  the  gianile  ridge  puisnes  us  north- 
westerly course,  the  river  has  at  one  time  rushed 
over  a  sheet  of  cascades  and  r.ipids  miles  in  lireadlh, 
linl  wliiih  h.ive  long  dis.ippeaied  under  the  wealing 
inthience  of  time.  Island  sueceeded  Island,  group 
succeeded  gioiip,  till  the  eye  almosi  wearied  of  ihe 
succession.  .\Ios|  of  these  were  lieaulifnllv  wooded, 
.ind  in.iiiy  of  ihein  so  low  and  Hit  as  to  suggest  id 
the  mind  ihe  liampiil  prospect  of  an  Italian  l.iyoon. 
Othi'rs  ag.lin  were  splii  and  rent  into  .1  v.iriely  of 
fantastic    forms,  foimiiig  views  nl  iieculi.ir  wildness. 


I 


/>/:SlA'//'//(>\>   ('/■'    IHI-:    IllOi  SAM)  isi.A\n>. 


A  turn    ill   tin    ili.uiiiil   .lisclosL'cl    a   iiiw   laliyiiiitli,       autumnal  sky,  ami  tlii>  sliei  t  nf   u.itii    icIUlIkJ  tlie 
wliilf  we  |pavstil   iiiuli  r  a   il.irU  wall  of  rotk,  coatfd       forms  of  an  assenibla«e  of   islits  of    llie  most   pic- 


vvilli   moss  ami    liilir'iis 


that    liail    likely  llourislicd       tiiiisi|ui',    clivcrsilicd    ami    iiivitinj;    aspect;     licre   a 
there-  for  tiern  rations,  and  fioni  whose  bare  and  rug-       naked    crag,    there    a    rnajesiic    l)ou(|uel     yonder   a 


ired  top  the  hoarv  fir  lifted  its 


soni 


tire  head.      Further 


of   trees,  or   a    perfect    island    supporting 


in,  .1  liLihtdioiise  >.io(id 
tliii ,  siill   another.      All 


[perched  (111  .1  rock,  .ind   fur-       solitary  stem.     Sucli 


IPI'.V 


Mifusiou,  su(  li   an  in- 


cei  11  lean 


siinsiiiiie  ov 


w.is   siill   ,111(1    Uimdy   -  tlie       discriminati!  sprinkling  of  all  shapes  and   si/es  and 
v.iult  ahiive,  the  traiKpiil   tide  below  —  the       varieties  of  veu'eialidii,  was  uuiiine  in  the  extreme. 

"  .As  we  neaied    Kinti'-lon,   after    leaviiiji    Hrock- 


ev  all.      Was  the  poetry  of   the  scene  felt 


by  that  fairyouuij  m.iii  «a/.in;;  so  calmly,  so 


fullv  upon   i 


I   from   the 


thou;.dit-       ville,  the  cbannel   liy  which   we   had   advanced,  and 
of  that    steamer,   over        which  w.is   fonued   li\-  l.oiiir    Island,  on    the   borders 


i-jiich  ilie  liili  tiuis  of  a   Prince  of  Wales'  standard       of  which  were 


islets,  and   bv  tli 


iland. 


til 


Mil      I'.    Mil     !.■  i\  \C  \l:  I  I      llMl^l.     \l      N\lll.\l      I.UIlH.I,     .\.     ■,  . 


tl.iiiiilid    111  the   --uu  "      II   1   W'W   .1    nnvelisi,   1    wciuM  ritl-.l,in.^li  .lud  Is  iiiu;s|nii,  i^i.idii.illv  widened.     These 

sa>.   '^es.'  U'.iv     well    wci.idecl,    .itid     llie    I,u>:i  i     .me    di^elosi'd 

"TIku    anoihei    f.iiiv   phliin'    pre>.enled   il-eif     in  sever. il  neat  farms." 
proves,  grow  iiii;,   :is    ii    wm  ,  out    of  the    w.ilei.  and 

seeminn   to  b.ir  our    liiilliei    pinyie^s,  till    suddenly  'IllK    'I'lli  H  -^  A  \  1 1     isi.wii^     \s    I  )l':sckl  HID    l!Y 

the  sylv.in  cuil.iin  w.i- wiihdi,iwn,  and  llie  eye  w.iiul  >^-        \      W,i,i|),     (  i  lU  Ul' si'i  i\i  iK  \  1'    in      i  ill' 

eied  over   a   wide   sweep   of   w.iter,  dotted  llere   and  i         .            .,,                   i-          i                   i, 
Iheie  with  ,1   lew  sin. ill    ro'  k->.  .in  I    boiinded    liy   the 

emilevs  loie-i  of  the  iii.iiul.iiiil.      Inwiis  ind  villages  .\lier  iiieas;iiuly  (liscoiirsinff  (if  tlic  lapids  of 
uere  iiieaiiw' 


hill 


loiielv  lisherm.in  w 


.issed  on  eiiliei  NJKire.  and  once  a 
is   seen   |ir,icticing  his  gentle  ail 


small 


k'dioal. 


Till 


ill  Is    enlended    llu' 


whole    w 


av    linm    Hill,  kville    lo    Is  iiii,'-.liiii.   but    the 


tlte  lower  St,  L.twrence  whiili  a|i]Harcil  after 
ill  to  he  not  \iiy  ditticiilt  to  dcscoiul,  and  no 
;re,it  altair,  nolwitlistandinii  all  that  had  bi'cn 


niosi  cniiip.ii  1  (  lusin  vv.isseenin  fi 


fioiii  of  Alesamlri,!      ^''''I  <>•  '''I'ir  'iwl'iil  i;randciir,  he  remarks 


Ha 


lleie    th 


e   \  lew  W.IS    exiiuisite. 


Thi 


iguage  is  dreadful  guide  book   I 


leresv,  ol 


panse  of  livei  |epo^ed,  iiiliioi  like,  beneath  the  I  idi       loiiise,  but  the  worst  is  \et  to  come,     ("anaili.iiis  lei 


214 


/  si'r/7  \"/A'  ('/    Till-  ST  I  iwRiwi.  ki\'i:r. 


yoii  llial  if  llicic  1-  .iiiviliiii),'  bctU'i  wmili  scciiiL:  ll^ii 
lllr  ia|)i(Js,  it  i".  Ilif  Tll()ll^.llld  Islaiiil>,  wliii  li  dcii  llir 
surface  dI  llie  St.  I.auiiiKo  just  wlurc  l„iUf  ()iitario 
.iiul  the  river  romnuiice.  Ilcic,  \m\  .iic  tolil  \\w 
lii'li  (;raii(l<-ui  of  tllr  lliul-nii.  the  liiMii  iaiice  of  tlif 
liiisplioi  11-.  ilif  wild,  stiin  iii,ii;iiiliccni  1  of  tlu'  S.iyii- 
cnay,  and.  for  aiii;lii  you  licir  to  llic  coiili.iry  llu- 
llowinn  licauly  of  tlie  l'ii|)lirates  iii  spiiiiL;.  mav  .dl  In' 
lllll  wiili. 

"  It  is  a  tiyiii^  tliiiif;  to  have  to  rnnicud  af;ain-i 
siii'li  notions:  lllll  It  an  iiulividii.il  o|>inion  is  woitli 
auytliinn,  I  must  iiiiln'-il,itinylv  L;ivi!  nunc,  iliat  tlii'se 
Tlioiisaiid  I-LukN  .in-  in  tlicii  iva\  a  drln-ion  .md  a 
snare,  and  will  .is  ininli  liear  comparison  witli  llie 
Hudson  or  the  S.iyiienay.  or  the  Hosplioriis.  as  ilie 
Thames  below  Hlackwall.  Take  slips  of  the  l-le  of 
Dojjs  of  all  -i/es,  from  an  i-l,ind  as  laiye  as  a  foot- 
stool, up  to  ton  or  twelve  acres;  plant  the  l.irnei  ones 
witli  stunted  lirs;  strew  the  little  ones  over  with 
broken  stones  as  if  they  weie  about  to  be  luaiada- 
mi/.ed,  put  them  near  the  snif.ic  e  of  the  w.iiir  in  a 
niech.iuical  dis.iiraii>;ing  confusion  without  pie 
turesipieness,  and  number  without  v.iiietv,  iiiiai;ine 
them  choking  the  liij;hw,i\  of  a  noble  riv<i,  and  you 
can  fancy  yourself  on  the  St.  L.twri  iice,  .iiid  in  the 
middle  of  the  f.ii-f.iiiied    I  Imusand   l-les." 

ll  aiipeais.  a  few  jiaj^cs  further  on,  that  the 
writer  of  tlie  al)ove  extract,  tnok  the  r.iilro.nl 
from  llrnikvilK-  tn  Kiiiusiun.  nor  Woes  it  .mv- 
where  ainie.ir  that  he  saw  the  ri\er  at  any 
point  between  these  two  phK  os.  llisreti|ie 
for  in. iking  '" 'riioiisand  IsUinds."  will,  tluMc- 
fore,  very  iirobahly  lie  <  l.issed  with  llie  pre- 
scriptions of  tile  ijiKK  k.  who  inii;iit  lei  omtnend 
an  untried  remedy  for  a  patient  lie  iiad  never 
seen. 

To  iietter  api'reciate  liis  brilliant  comiiari- 
son,  we  should  remember  that  this  Isle  nf 
l)(),i;s  lies  in  .1  bend  in  the  'I'hames,  within 
five  miles  of  St.  ['.nils  Cluirt  h,  London.  It 
consists  of  some  600  acres,  and  a  part  of  i\  cov- 
ered with  sieam-fictories,  chain-cable  i\orks 
and  other  establishments  iiu  ident  to  the  com- 
merce antl  industries  of  the  great  metropolis, 
wliiU'  much  (d  the  remainder  is  covered  seven 
feet  deej)  at  every  high  tide.  (  >iit  of  siK  h 
materials  this  pleasant  writer  reipiests  his 
readers  to  (  on^tnici  the  ide.il  of  the  Thousand 
Islands  of  the  St.   Lawrence  ' 

\V.    I).    Ilowi U.S.— (iS;.-.) 

In  a  ])leasant  little  romance,  full  of  wit  and 
sentiment,  <  ailed  "  'I'lu'ir  Weddiiij;  Jinirney," 


ihis  wriii'r  des(  ribes  tlu'  ideal  incidents  of  a 
journe\  ovi-r  some  of  the  more  fashionable 
riuites  of  nnrthern  traxel,  with  .1  fidelity  that 
pro\es  his  personal  f.iiniliarity  with  the  locali- 
ties described.  The  rom.mtic  couple,  whose 
•uhentures  he  is  describing,  had  come  from 
Ni.ig.ira.  and  had  just  left  the  landing  at 
Kingston,  where  our  e.xtr.ict  begins: 

■•  Kingston  lias  romantic  memories  of  heiiin  Fort 
I'roiitenac  two  hundred  ye.irs  ago;  of  Count  Tron- 
ten.ic's  splendid  .idvent  amoii^r  iiu-  Indians;  of  the 
bi;ive  I,a  S;dle,  who  turned  its  wooden  w;dls  to  stone; 
of  wars  with  the  s.ivayes  and  then  with  the  New 
Vol  k  ("oloiiisis,  whom  the  French  and  their  allies 
h.tiiied  fioni  this  point;  of  the  destruction  of  I.a 
Salle's  fort  in  the  old  French  war;  .md  of  final  sui- 
lender  ,1  few  years  later  to  the  Knglish.  It  is  as  pic- 
tiiresipie  :is  it  is  historical.  .Ml  about  the  city,  the 
shores  ,ire  beaulifully  wooded,  and  there  are  many 
lovely  islinds  —  the  lirsl,  indeed,  of  those  Tliousand 
Island-  with  which  the  head  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is 
lilli  d,  and  ;uuonjf  which  the  steamer  was  presently 
ihieadinjj  her  way.  They  are  as  charminj;,  and  still 
;ilino-t  as  wild  .is  when,  in  1(173,  Frontenac's  llolilla 
nf  c;inoes  passed  throuf;h  their  labyrinth,  and  issued 
upon  the  lake.  S;ivi.  for  a  liuht-house  upon  one  of 
them,  there  is  almost  nothinj;  to  show  that  the  fool 
of  man  has  ever  pressed  the  thin  grass  clinging  to 
their  rocky  surf.ices.  and  keeping  its  green  in  the 
eternal  sh.idow  of  their  pines  and  cedars.  In  the 
warm  niorning  light  they  gathered  or  dispersed  be- 
fore the  advancing  vessel,  which  some  of  ihein 
.ilinosi  touched  with  the  plumage  of  their  evergreens; 
and  wlieri'  none  of  them  were  large,  some  of  them 
weie  so  sMi.dl  that  it  woiiUI  not  have  been  too  tiold 
to  ligiire  ihein  ;is  a  vaster  race  of  water-birds  assem- 
bling and  separ;iting  in  her  course.  It  is  curiously 
allectiug  III  fiiiil  tluin  so  iiiirl.iimeil  yet  from  the 
solitude  of  the  \:inished  wilderness,  and  scarcely 
touched  even  by  tradition.  Hut  for  the  interest  left 
them  by  the  French,  thise  tiny  isl.inds  have  scarcely 
.iny  .issociations.  and  must  be  enioytd  for  their 
beauty  alone.  Tlieie  is  about  llieiii  ;i  f;iint  light  of 
legend  concerning  the  Canadian  rebellion  of  1.S37, 
for  sevi  r.il  '  p.itriols '  are  s.iid  10  have  taken  refuge 
amidst  their  lovely  uiultitiide;  but  this  episode  of 
modern  history  is  dilhciilt  for  the  iiiiagin;itioii  to 
manage,  ;tnd  somehow  one  cloes  not  take  sentimen- 
tally even  to  tli.it  d.itighter  of  a  linking  •paliiol.' 
who  long  b;iltled  her  father's  pursuers  by  rowing  him 
fiom  one  island  to  another,  and  supplying  liiin  with 
food  by  night. 

"  Either  the  reluctance  is  from  the  n;ituial  desire 
th.il  so  recent  a  heroine  should  be  founded  on  fact, 
or  it  i-^  mere  perveiscness.  I'erhaps  1  ought  to  sav, 
111  justice  to  her.  that  it  was  one  of  her  own  sex  who 


1\ 


/)/:scA'/."77().ys  Oh    I  HE  riioi  sAxn  /s/.ix/js. 


217 


refused  l<i  Ih-  iiilL'tL'stotI  in  Iilt,  .iikI  forbailf  Hasil  lo 
cart'  fi)i  liiT.  Wlicii  lie  had  u.ad  of  licr  ixploil  from 
llie  guide-book,  Isabel  asked  biiii  if  he  had  nolii  ed 
that  haiidsoine  girl  in  llie  blue  and  striped  (i  iribaldi 
and  Swiss  lial,  that  liad  ronie  aboard  at  Kingston. " 

Visit   dk    tiik    Editors'    ani>    I'l  bi.i>iifk-' 

Association-  ok  the  Si'aik  ni    \).u 

VoKK. —  (1872.) 

Fcrliaps  no  incident  has  roiitribiitcd  lo 
l)iing  more  widely  before  the  jjublii  a  knowl- 
edjie  of  tlie  beautiful  scenery  of  the  Tliousand 
Islands  than  the  occasion  of  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  •In;  association  above  named,  at  Water- 
town,  in  1872.  This  association  iiad  been 
formed  as  early  as  1853,  but  its  annual  gather- 
ings had  been  interrupted  by  the  war.  I'ar- 
taking  of  a  social  as  well  as  of  a  iirofessional 
character,  these  meetings  had  come  to  be  re- 
garded as  both  jjleasant  and  i)rot'itable  to  the 
members  and  their  families;  and  on  the  se(  ond 
day  of  the  convention  at  Watertown  (June  26, 
1872),  the  whole  day  was  given  up  to  a  rail- 
road and  steamboat  excursion  to  the  Thou 
sand  Islands. 

The  R.,\V.  i\:  O.  R.  R.  Cu.  had  provided  a 
train  of  eight  cars,  drawn  by  the  engine 
".Vntwerj),"  gaily  adorned  with  flags,  ever- 
greens and  flowers,  which  took  the  party 
(about  200  in  number)  to  Cai)e  \'incent,  from 
which  a  steamer  conveyed  them  down  among 
the  islands  —  stopping  at  Clayton  for  a  recep- 
tion, and  dining  in  tiie  open  air  on  Pullman's 
Island.  The  day  was  beautifully  calm,  and 
the  islands,  in  the  full  verdure  of  early  sum- 
mer, appeared  to  best  advantage.  .\  cornet 
i)and  from  Watertown  accompanied  the  partv, 
and  added  mu(  h  to  the  enjoyment  of  the 
oc(  asion.  Among  t'.ie  visitors  were  a  consid- 
erable number  from  the  Southern  .Slates,  and 
many  of  the  editors  were  ac( oinpanied  by 
their  wives.  The  descriptions  published  in 
local  ])apers  throughout  the  State,  n.ade  the 
incidents  of  the  excursion  well  known  .imong 
their  readers,  ami  created  with  many  a  di ,  ire 
lo  view  the  scenery  for  themselves,  l-'roni 
that  time  to  the  i)resent,  this  interest  lias  been 
increasing,  but  more  especially  since  the  be- 
ginning of  summer  encampment-',  part.iking  of 
a  religious  and  of  a  social  nature,  of  whiiii  a 
further  notice  is  elsewhere  given. 


.\h.  Noriis  \\in>li)w,()t  Watertown,  was  otie 
of  tiie  few  iKjw  li\ing  and  in  active  life,  v.'I'.o 
p.inici|),itc(l  in  tins  e\cur-.ion  and  contributed 
libi'ially  tor  its  ha]ipy  ( ompletion. 

.\mii  111- u  Sum,  i^(ii\i:N  \.v  .\lnN>ii  ru  Ifi.i-.s 
1,1.  (  'i,i;k(  (.1  — -  (1.S76). 

Tiiis  writer,  a  Frenchman,  had  made  an 
extended  tour  in  liie  West,  and  w.is  returning 
b\  way  of  the  Lakes.  We  liegin  our  extract 
at  the  moment  of  his  departure  from  Toronto: 

"We  fonnd  ourselves  on  board  the  S|i.irlan,  a 
very  large  crowd,  thanks  to  a  legion  of  pilf,'rinis  on 
their  way  to  Wells  Island,  one  of  the  Thousand 
Islands  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
sisting ,u  a  ureal  religions  meeting,  or  revival,  as 
they  say  in  this  country.  The  revival  '  is  an 
ellcrvescence  of  devotion,  an  outbursl  of  fanaticism 
that  generates  itself  at  iiuervals,  ,ind  suddenly  comes 
on  like  a  slorin.  There  aie  siiiritu,d  fevers  that 
generate  and  keep  alive  the  sirangest  sects  in 
.America,  and  it  is  seUlom  that  some  new  and  extra- 
ordinary sect  docs  not  arise  fioin  n  revival,        *        * 

•'  Before  onr  pilgrims  had  buided  at  Wells  Isl.ind, 
the  revival  spirit  had  already  appeared  among  them 
with  some  intensity,  but  this  w.is  nothing  bin  the 
prelude. 

••Towards  evening,  as  the  selling  sun  was  touch- 
ing the  waves  of  Lake  Ontario,  ihey  began  their 
songs.  To  these  succeeded  exhortations,  which 
might  periiaps  have  made  me  a  new  convert,  liad 
they  not  been  so  entirely  grotesque.  .A  personage 
who  seemed  lo  act  the  part  of  a  presidein  invited 
any  persons  who  might  be  moved  from  Heaven,  to 
give  the  company  their  inspirations.  .A  profound 
silence  followed  this  solemn  re(|uesl,  and  every  one 
was  looking  around,  when  some  one  more  inspired 
than  the  rest,  arose,  and  spnkc  in  a  solemn  and  pro- 
phetic tone,  his  countenance  lit  up  as  if  under  the 
intUience  of  a  Divine  Spirit.  This  spectacle  in- 
tere-ted  me  very  much,  from  its  entire  strangeness, 
bill  all  of  these  inspired  people,  who  seemed  to 
think  themselves  iiolier  than  the  rest  of  the  world, 
jrave  me  an  impression  quite  repulsive.  One  or  two 
of  them,  in  their  extravagance,  implored  the  Supreme 
Heing  to  enlighten  the  minds  of  every  person  aboard 
—  first  the  passengers,  one  and  all.  and  then  from 
the  captain  down  to  the  humblest  deck-hand.  Heing 
unable  10  endure  more  of  this,  I  left  this  saintly  as- 
.~?'iiblage,  to  leiiri!  at  the  further  end  of  the  steamer. 

"  I  know  not  what  passed  the  next  day  at  the  re- 
vival on  Wells  Island;  but  if  we  may  believe  an 
I'.nglish  writer,  worthy  of  credit,  these  revivals 
bi'come  the  scenes  of  the  gravest   disorders. 

".As  the  night  came  on,  the  disorder  became  inde- 
s(  ribable:   foi ,  imluding   the  reviv,disls,  there  were 


M 


;    t 


■■■■ 


iiS 


,/  S(iri7:.\7A'  i>/-    Tin.  >/■.  i..\\\i<i.\'i  i:  ri\  i-i<. 


nul  los  lliaii  I'ur.r  luiiulicil  [kimiiis  ;ili<iaril,  and 
lliiTc  wiTC  only  sonic  lilly  >talc-iooiii;.,  wiili  iwo 
hcrllis  in  lai  li,  all  of  wliicli  wire'  occiiiiied  liy  llic 
lailifs.  I  liLTi'  wfif.  iliL'iiforc,  iliriu  liiindred  per- 
sons witlionl  lifils,  and  1  foiiiul  inyst-lf  among  tlu'Sf 
uiiforUuiali'S,  ()lilij;i-(l  to  sk-t|i  on  a  plank,  with  a 
salchfl  for  a  pillow.  Al  my  ai,'i-,  lia|)pily,  lliis  ilois 
nol  mailer,  and  alllioujjii  I  would  noi  like  lo  iciilw 
the  ixpcricnce,  I  am  noi  asliamcd  lo  know  how  it 
scL'ms  to  sleep  on  a  pl.ink.  On  awaking  in  llie 
morning,  I  found  to  my  ureal  astonisliincnl  tli.il  I 
had  a  seven'  headache,  and  on  raising  llie  idank. 
found  til, II  I   had   lieen  sleeping  just  over  the  boilei. 

"They  undettook  to  yive  breakfast  to  four  hun- 
dred passeufiers  —  but  the  tables  would  aciommo 
date  but  a  hundred  guests.  They  i;ot  ovt  r  this  dilli- 
eiilly  by  seltinj;  the  table  four  times.  In  iliis  selling 
ami  serving  four  tables  in  sui'iession,  it  re<piir(d 
from  six  lo  tin  o'ebnk,  and  it  was  marvelous  to  sec 
how  every  one  rushed  forward  as  soon  as  the  H'>"K 
sounded.  Il  was  a  pitched  siege,  where  llie  stioiigest 
liad  the  best  chances.  Not  c.iriiig  to  engage  in  such 
a  skirmish.  I  patieiilly  waited  for  the  last  edition, 
and  by  the  lime  I  had  finished,  those  who  had  break- 
fasted lirsi,  were  coming  about  for  llu  ir  dinners. 
Such  are  the  little  incidents  of  travels  in  .Xmeric.i, 
and  if  my  star  ever  guides  me  lo  that  couiitiy  .igain, 
I  trust  it  will  not  be  at  llie  time  of  .i  revival. 

'•  .After  passing  Kingston,  the  second  largest  ciiy 
in  the  I'rovince  of  Ontario,  we  enleied  tlie  St. 
Lawrence,  and  for  Iwo  hours  were  steaming  through 
the  midst  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  concerning 
which  .Mr.  .Xavier  .Marinier  and  oilier  travellers  liavi' 
expressed  an  admiration  in  which  I  cannot  join. 

"  i  will,  therefore,  content  myself  wiih  giving  one 
of  those  descriptions  fonnu  in  the  giiiile-books.  I 
I'an  only  get  up  a  sort  of  cold  enthusiasm,  for  lliis  is 
nol  my  trade.      I  can  understand  how  .imaleur  hunt- 


ers and  .uiglers  can  here  lind  their  delights  ;  but, 
though  I  am  not  allogelher  hosiilc  lo  ihe  mysteries 
of  shooting  and  fishing,  I  cannot  truly  say  that  I 
found  niiK  h  lo  .idinire  in  this  kivei  .Aichipelago. 

■•  They  teil  me  that  the  niinibcr  of  these  islands 
aHionnis  lo  eighteen  hundred  ;  but  if  there  were  a 
luindied  thousand,  would  they  therefore  be  the 
more  beauidul  ?  l"or  my  part,  I  would  not  exchange 
a  single  pearl  in  the  eiicliaiiting  group  of  tlie  Horro- 
iiieo  Islands,  in  Lake  Maggiori,  for  the  wliole  eigh- 
teen hundriil  islands  of  the  Si.  Lawrence.  At  the 
lisk  of  iiicuiring  the  reproaili  of  lieresy,  1  will  ven- 
ture lo  say,  thai  tile  Thousand  Isles  have  a  reiinta- 
lion  altogether  adorned.  They  have  been  honored 
by  so  manv  |iompous  and  emphatic  descriplions, 
ihal  all  loiirisis  aie  obliged  to  believe  them  Ihe  won- 
der of  wonders.  Tourists  have  an  nnfortnnale  way 
of  admiring  all  thai  Murray.  Joanne,  and  others,  tell 
iheiii  they  must  admire,  and  they  think  they  must 
not  return  from  .•Xmeiica  without  having  seen  them. 
If  otherwise,  llie  conversation  would  lake  some  sui'h 
foini  as  this  : 

"  '  Vou  li.ive  been   in  .Xmerica?' 

—  •■  ■  Yes.' 

—  '■•  .\nd  havi'  seen  the  'Thousand  Islands?' 

—  "  ■  I  did  not  see  them.' 

"  .\t  the  end  of  the  dialogue  you  would  liear  — 
'  .Simijletoii  '  don't  you  know  they  are  cited  in  prose 
and  verse  -  Vou  might  be  panloned  for  passing 
Niagar.i  —  that  is  supirannualed — but  the  Thou- 
sand Isl.inds!  What,  thin,  tlid  yon  go  to  .America 
lo  see  - ' 

"To  liiiish  olT:  I  know  some  part  of  Sweden, 
and  upon  that  part  of  Lake  M.iclar,  that  extends 
from  Stockholm  lo  I'psal,  is  an  arcliipelago  infinilely 
more  picniiesc|ue  than  that  of  the  St.  Lawrence;  yet 
the  Swedes  havi  not  the  tact  to  boasl  of  their  Thou- 
s,ind  Islands  like  llie  .\iiieiicans." 


A   mil  si.-iiii  \T. 


POETIC  ASSOCIATIONS  OF  THE  THOUSAN  D  ISLANDS. 


CANADIAN  BOAT  SONGS. 


iT^tAOST  eiirly  trnvcllers  s|)eak  of  tlie  songs 
i^^l      with  which  the    Canadian   Novaijeiirs 


igs 
\  ageiirs 

were  accustonu-tl  to  l)egiiilc  their  labors  at  tlie 
oar,  and  of  tlie  impressions  they  left  upon 
the  memory.  'I'hese  are  now  entirely  unknown 
ujion  this  part  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  but  are 
still  heard  ujion  the  upper  waters  of  the 
t  )ttasva,  and  in  the  regions  not  yet  invaded 
by  the  power  of  steam. 

These  souvenirs  of  travel  belong  to  a  period 
in  society  that  apjiears  to  be  passing  away, 
and  like  the  popular  songs  of  all  countries, 
that  perpetuate  their  historical  legends  md 
the  trailitions  of  ancestors,  they  are  unknown 
in  cities,  and  are  found  only  in  rural  life.  In 
this  instance,  they  may  be  often  traced  back 
to  an  Kurojiean  origin,  and  are  of  the  kind 
that  tend  to  keej)  alive  the  poetic  associations 
of  a  gay  and  happy  peasantry,  rather  than  the 
historical  memories  of  a  great  and  powerful 
people.  In  fact  there  appear  to  be  very 
little  sense,  much  less  a  connection  of  narra- 
tive, in  any  of  these  jiopular  songs  of  these 
l)eople,  and  the  most  that  (an  be  said  of  many 
of  them  is,  that  they  were  a  jolly  string  of 
words  without  rhyme  or  sense,  with  freiiuent 
repetitions,  and  a  joyous  refrain. 

In  their  incoherent  stanzas  and  their  repeti- 
tions,they  resembled  in  some  res])ects  the  slave- 
songs  of  the  south  before  the  late  war,  al- 
though wholly  devoitl  of  that  religious  senti- 
ment which  formed  a  feature  in  many  of  the 
social  songs  of  the  slaves. 

Some  years  since,  Mr.  Krnst  Gagnon,  of  Que- 
bec, [irepared  a  collection  of  these  Canadian 
songs.  It  contains  only  those  most  commonly 
known,    for   according  to    this   author,  "  ten 


large  volumes  would  scarcely  contain  them."' 
He  further  remarks,  tliat  as  a  general  thing 
there  is  nothing  indelicate  or  wanton  in  these 
popular  melodies,  and  that  even  in  some  of 
this  description  that  can  be  traced  back  to 
French  origin,  the  objectionable  fe^atures  have 
been  dropjjcd.  In  other  cases,  the  change  in 
these  airs  has  been  so  great  that  their  origin 
can  scarcely  be  traced  back  beyond  the  [leriod 
of  emigration,  and  in  others  they  are  unmis- 
takably and  entirely  C'anadian. 

We  will  limit  our  notice  of  these  songs  to 
two  or  three  of  the  most  popular  and  well- 
known,  and  of  these  the  one  first  given  is 
altogether  the  most  important  : 

"  A  La  Ci.AiRi.  Fontaine." 

Says  Mr.  dagnon: — "  From  the  little  seven- 
year-old  child  to  the  gray-haired  old  man, 
every  botly  in  Canada  knows  this  song. 
There  is  no  French  Canadian  song  that  in 
this  respect  will  compare  with  it,  although 
the  melody  is  very  primitive,  and  it  has  little 
to  interest  the  musician,  beyond  its  great 
popularity." 

It  is  often  sung  to  a  dancing  tune,  and  is 
even  brought  into  the  fantasies  of  a  concert. 
It  is  known  in  France,  and  is  said  to  be  of 
Norman  origin,  although  M.  Marmier  thinks 
it  came  from  La  Franche  Comte.  and  M. 
Rathery  thinks  it  was  brought  from  Uretagne, 
under  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.  In  France 
it  has  nearly  the  same  words,  but  with  this 
difference  —  that  the  French  song  expresses 
the  sorrow  of  a  young  girl  at  the  loss  of  her 
friend  Pierre,  while  the  Canadian  lad  wastes 
his  regrets  upon  the  rose  that  his  mistress  rt- 


< 


I  I 


230 


/}  soriy-.y//:  or  ihf.  st  i.ahrexce  nivr.R. 


I 


U 


ji'i  In  I  I'lic  1 1  r  .1^  Mill);  III  !•  1,1 1 II  I  Is  .ilU)j;illK'r 
(liUVrcni.  Soinc  yr.iiN  sim  i'  tin-.  Miiif;  in  its 
Cmadi.in  ili'cs>  w.i?.  |proiij;lit  mit  m  .ill  tiie 
princiii.il  tlicitrfs  of  I', iris  with  iiniiu'iise  sik  - 
Cfss.  riiis  K(l  ti)  a  (listri'ssiMfi  luiilcs(iui.'  of 
''  I. a  t'l.iiri'  lontaiiu',  as  thoy  sing  it  in  I'ans. " 

( )n  till.'  oi  (  asioii  of  tlie  \  isil  of  tJu-  I'rinc  u  of 
Wales  to  AiiuTK  ,1  in  iS6o,  a  liiilo  inciiU'iit  (>c - 
curied  on  lioanl  tlu'  "Ikro."  on  liu'  last 
cveiiinn  liofore  tlii'  landing  at  ( Jiicbcc,  that 
brought  this  song  and  its  air  inio  iioliio  ujion 
a  iinich  wider  tkdd  than  before.  Several 
lirominent  ('anadians  had  come  on  boaril,  and 
as  the  e\enii'.g  wore  awa\ ,  Mr.  I'artier,  a  higli 
ortlcial  in  the  Colonial  government,  stepped 
forwaril,  and  began  losing  this  song  in  a  ( lear 
and  meli)dious  \()ire. 

The  chorus  was  easily  pi(  ked  up  by  the 
listners,  and  after  once  hearing  it,  a  few  voices 
joined  in  —  at  fust  in  subdued  and  gentle 
iniirniiir,  but  .it  e.ich  return  more  (  U'.ir  anil 
strong,  until  .it  the  end,  the  whole  party  were 
in  full  .ici  ord,  and  singing  witii  enthusiasm 
the  oft-repe.ited  decl.uMtion  — 

"  II  v.i  longlcpas  (|iie  ic  I'aimc, 
l.iinais  ji'  lie  t'  mibkrai." 

From  this  time  onw.ird  till  the  end  of  his 
journey  in  America,  this  sim|)le  melody  became 
the  favorite  jiiece,  or  was  brought  in  as  an  ac- 
companiment to  other  music,  at  receptions 
and  parties,  ami  in  short,  iiiion  all  occasions 
wherever  music  was  in  order,  and  for  this 
re.ison  it  is  now  better  known  outside  of 
Canad.i  thin  all  the  rest  of  French-C.inadian 
songs  put  together. 

The  following  not-very-literal  I'-nglisii  trans- 
l.iiion  ol  this  chanson,  has  in  one  sense  more 
poetic  merit  than  the  origin.d,  inasmucii  as  it  has 
a  rhyme,  to  which  the  French  does  not  pretend. 

.\s  tjy  till'  cryst.il  fount  I  strayt'd. 
On  wliicli  Ihi-  dancing  nioonlu'ams  played, 
riic  water  sieinod  so  clear  and  liri^ht, 
I  lialliod  myself  in  lis  delight  ; 

I  loved  thee  from  the  hour  we  met, 
And  never  can  that  love  forget. 

rill'  water  seemed  so  clear  and  bright, 
I  bathed  myself  in  its  delight; 

The  nightingale  above  my  head. 
As  sweet  a  sireani  of  music  shed, 
1  loved  thee,  etc. 


The  iii^liliii^.iK   .d«iv<'  my  head. 
.\ssweel  .1  sin  am  of  iiuisii-  shed. 
Sing,  nighling.ile,  thy  beau  Is  glad. 
Hill  I  eoiilil  weep,  foi  mine  is  sad  ! 
I  loved  thee,  etc. 

Sing,  nightingale,  thy  heart  is  glad. 
Hut  I  could  weep,  for  mine  is  sad  ! 
For  I  have  lost  my  lady  fair. 
And  she  has  left  me  lo  despair  ' 
I  loved  ihee,  etc. 

For  I  have  lust  my  lady  f.iir. 
And  she  has  left  me  lo  despair. 
For  that  I   gave  not.  when  she  spoke, 
The  lose  thai  (lom  its  tree  I  broke. 
I  loved  ihee,  etc. 

For  that  I  gave  not,  when  she  spoke, 
The  rose  that  from  its  tree  I  bioke, 
I  wish  the  rose  were  on  its  tree, 
.And  my  beloved  again  with  me. 
I  loved  ihee,  el(  . 

I  wish  the  rose  weri'  on  ils  tree, 
And  my  beloved  .igain  with  me. 
Or  tliat  the  tree  itself  were  cast 
Into  the  sea,  before  this  passed. 
I  loved  thee,  etc 

Of  the  above  chanson,  Marmier  observes-. 
"As  you  notice,  there  is  neither  verse  nor 
rhyme,  nor  anything  else  besides  an  outland- 
ish measure  of  syllables ;  *  *  *  *  Vet 
these  rude  couplets,  sung  in  the  rudest  of 
melodies,  have  in  them  an  indescribable  mel- 
ancholy that  penetrates  the  soul." 

.\n  English  writer  who  luiblished  iiis  observ- 
ations in  1864,  gives  one  of  these  songs,  pre- 
faced with  the  following  descriptive  account 
of  its  execution: 

"  The  French  Canadian  boatmen  seem  to 
lie  a  hapi'v  devil-may  care  sort  of  fellows,  who 
did  not  allow  the  thought  for  to-morrow  to 
interfere  in  any  way  with  the  enjoyment  of 
to-day.  They  sing  in  concert  very  plaintively; 
and  some  of  their  favorite  ballads  are  highly 
pathetic.  One  day  I  was  prevailed  upon  by 
a  friend  lo  take  an  excursion  in  a  canoe, 
manned  by  half  a  dozen  f>f  these  thoughtless 
|ieople.  Upon  sailing  ni>  tlie  St.  Lawrence, 
as  they  warmed  to  their  work,  they  om- 
nienced  singing  the  following  chanson,  ai  1  so 
l)rettily  was  it  executed,  that  the  effei  t  was 
most  extraordinary; 


. 


/'i'/<7 /('  .ISSi)(7.l  //()  \\ 

rUv    (ulluwiM.     MlhtT     Uvv     tlM„>|,U,n„     | 

been  fiirnisliuil  us : 

Wilh  ti(nrt>  ;is  »il<| 

•A'.  ii)\i)ii.s  cliiM. 
Livud  |{||,„|,,  ,,,  ,|ic  iiioiirii.tiii  . 

Hit  Diily  wisli 

I'o  svvk  llii-  ||>h 
In  (III'  Haters  of  (Uc  fiiiiiiiaiii. 

•>li.  iIk'  \i(ilei,  whiif  .111.1  Mm   : 

riif  slicaiii    is  (k'c|>, 

I'lic  hanks  arc  siii  p, 
Dinvti  ill  ihu  |{<i<>,|  fell  she, 

WliL'ii  ilioic  mile  l,y 

KikIiI  Kaliaiilly, 
Tiiric  l.amns  of  hi«li  (!,.>;,,•,■. 

<»li,  111,,  viol,. Is,  ,v||,u-  aiKl  Miic  • 

■•  Oil.  till  lis,  fair  maid," 
'I'lii.y  (.aih  ON,,  saiil, 

Wlln  sll.ill   sni.  y,„|,    Ijf^. 

I  11)111  111,    H.,ii,.r's  strife 

liy  Ins    ,11, us    lIMlllll,  llilljr    lliiyli,.- 

Oh,  111,.  vjol(.|,  wliii,.  ami  him.! 

"  Oil  :   hasic  tu  iiiv   si,lc.." 
Till'  iiiaiiliri  i,.|,|ii.,|, 
'•  \<ii  ask  of  .1  ici;oiii|.cMs,.  mnv  : 
\Vll,ll  >,,f,.  oil  l.iiul 

■  \v:.iiii  wo  siaiiil 
l'"i  siiili  iii.i||i.,.s  is  liiii,    I  iimv." 

Oil,  till'  viol,. I,  Willi,,  ami  liliii;  ! 

liiil  wli,.|i  all  free 
''jKiii  tliu  lea 
■'''lir  found  hers,. If  once  more, 
Slic  would  not  stay, 
■  \n,l  spcl  awav 
■'ill  •'111.  reached  llei   loltai;,.  ,|o,)i 

Oh,  the  viol,  IS,  while  an.l  hhi,- ! 

I  ler  casement  hy, 

That  niaiihn  sin- 
Mejjaii  s,)  sweei  to  siii);; 

Her  hue  ami  voice, 

l>id  c'l-n  r(.joice. 
Tlie  early  Mowers  of  spriiiM 

Oh.  the  violet,  white  and  blue  ! 

Hut  the  harons  proud 
Then  spoke  aloud  : 
"  This  is  not  the  l.ooii  we  desire  ; 
Voin  heart  ,ini|  love. 
My  pretty  dove, 
Is  the  free  yift  we  reipiire." 

Oh,  lire  ^io|,•|s.  while  and  hlne  I 


'V    ////      /7/,>ryl\/>    /S/./.V/,s.  „3 

'•'^  ''  Oh,  iin   li,.aii  So  true, 

I''  not  for  yon, 
Niii  lot  arry  of   hi^-h  i|ei;rer  ; 

I  have  pleilKed  mv  iniih 
T«  an  honest  youth, 
With  ,1  heard  so  comely  to  see." 

Oil,  lire  violet,  whue  and  l,|ne  ; 

T(.\l    .Mi.OKl.',   lio.M    Su.V,;.  — (,804). 

In  ihfHMis  iSo3-.Mhc.so,:i,,|  tavoritr  ami 
iir.uTtu\  Nv-nter,  Th,„„as  .Nfootv.  mid,,  a  hasty 
f'-ii-  thrniigh  the  .Mi.hlie  and  \,.rthcrn  St  ites 
;'"'!  Can.t,!,,,  I,  w„uld  a|,pcar  Iron,  hi.s  writ- 
"iKs.  and  It  h.ts  l.ccn  stmn^lv  iniimaicd,  that 
tl"^  visit  to  .\merica  was  designed  to  alTord 
>  apital  lor  satire  and  song  in  the  interest  of 
'"■itish  i.rejtidiee,  and  tinder  the  pohtiral  agi- 
'•""'"sol  the  day  there  .an  lie  no  donht  Init 
'"••'  ""^'■^■^'litw.ts  in  some  degree  realized. 

""t  wlKitever  may  have  heen  the  .inimtts  or 
the'  elte.t  ol   his  writings,  we  may  well  afford 
•'"^r  tins  lapse  of  time,,,,   A.rgive  hitn.  since 
"^'  has  lett  lissome  verses  that  throw  a  charm 
^'ver  the  i.la.es  he  described,  and  impart  an 
"itcresi,  due  to  the  smoothness  of   their  mea- 
sure  and    the    poetic    sentiments   which   thev 
^•'nl)ody.      His  lyrics,  entitled   "The   Lake  of 
tlK-    Dismal    -wamp."    and    "The    Canadian 
li'-al  .Song,"  are  of  this  number.      Moore  was 
l^"n.    in  177,;,  and    when  he    p.issed   this  way 
>n  1.S04,  was  therefore  .ibout  twentv-five  years 
"I   age.     He  had  already  gained  popular  noto- 
nety   by  his   writings;  and  the  extmordinarv 
attentions  paid  to  him,  especially  among    Kn- 
gl'sh  othcials  in  Canada  and  elsewhere,  gave  a 
prominence  to  his  presen.e  wherever  he  trav- 

^■lo.l-  In  a  letter  l„  his  mother,  written  soon 
alter  his  passage  do.,„  ,he  St.  Lawrence  from 
Niagara  m  a  sailing  vessel,  in  August,  .804, 
lie  shows  how  exceedingly  flattering  to  his 
vaniiy  these  attentions  were,  making  him  at 
once  satistled  with  himself  and  with  all  the 
rest  of  m.uikind.      He  says  : 

'•  '"  "'.v  Pass.-,«e  across  Lake  Ontario.  I  met  with 
1-  sanie  politeness  which  has  been  so  „ra,ifylnK. 
a  ,1.  indee,!,  convenient  ,0  ,„e,  all  alon^  mv  route. 
Hu  capt..,n  refused  t,.  take  what  I  know  is  always 
given  and  I.eK^ed  me  to  consi.ler  all  mv  fri,.nds  as 
included  ,n  the  compliment,  which  a  line  from  me 
would  .u  arry  time  entitle  them  to.  Kven  a  poor 
watch-maker   a.    Niagara,  who   did  a  very  necessa" 


I 'I 
1     I 

i 


ft; 
1' 

1! 
*1| 


1 


224 


.1  SOL'i'EMR   or    THE  ST.   I.AW'REXCE  Rfl'ER. 


!! 


and  iliiriMill  iul>  fui  ini-  iiim>i<..I  I  >liuul'l  ik'I  lliink 
of  paying  liiin.  Imi  aici|il  it  as  ilii'  only  iiiiitk  nl  ic- 
spri:!  Ill'  ciiiild  pay  <iiii'  lie  liaJ  iR-ard  so  iniicli  of. 
but  nevi'r  cxpuclid  lo  nicit  willi.  Tins  is  llii-  vciv 
ncclar  o(  lifr,  .nul  I  liopc,  I  trust,  it  is  not  vanity  lo 
wliicli  iIjc  iDtdial  (jwi  s  .ill  its  sux-ctniss.  .\o;  ii 
givi's  lilt'  a  filling  tow.mls  all  niankinil.  wliicli  I  am 
convinced  is  not  imamialilt.':  llif  inipiilsc  wlih  li  ln- 
jjins  wild  si'lf.  spri'.ids  a  1  iii'li' instanlaneoiislv  loiimi 
it,  wliirji  imliilis  all  ilir  suciabilitivs  and  licncvu- 
Iciiccs  of  llie  liiMil," 

.\s  to  tlic  c  ill  imist,int:(.'s  iitider  wliii  h  tiic 
lio.il  Son;4  was  wiittfii,  thcsL-  cm  hcsl  i)c 
learned  fiDiii  liis  dun  iicii.  In  .i  note  aiipeiulcd 
to  the  full  edition  ot  lub  \vntint;s,  we  I'liiil  tlie 
following  account  : 

"  I  wroK;  these  words  to  an  air  wliicli  our  boaliiieii 
siiiiy  tons  fiei|ufnily  The  wind  was  so  iinf.ivoi- 
at)lc  tlial  tliiy  were  ol)lij;ed  to  row  .ill  the  wa\ .  and 
wr  were  live  d.iys  in  disc  endiiii;  the  luir  fioin  King- 
ston to  Montreal,  exposi-il  to  an  iiili  use  sun  diiiini; 
the  d.iy.  and  at  iiiulit  forced  to  taki  shelter  from  the 
dews  ill  ,mv  inisir.ible  huts  upon  the  banks  ih.it 
would  receive  us  Hut  the  ni.iuiiificeiit  sceneiv  of 
ihe  St.  Lawrence  ri'|i.i\s  .ill  ihisr  illilicullirs.  ()iir 
voya;;eurs  had  f^ooil  voices,  .iiul  san^;  perfi  i  ily  in 
tune  together.  The  oii>;inal  woids  of  the  ail.  to 
which  I  adapted  lliese  sian/.is.  ,ip|.i  ared  to  be  a 
long,  incoherent  siorv.  of  which  I  ( nuld  iimleistaud 
but  little  from  the  barbarous  pioiiuiK  iation  id  ihe 
Canadi.iiis. 

'■  The  slan/.as  .iie  sii|iposcd  to  be  sun:;  b\  tlio^e 
voyajjeiirs  who  !,'o  to  the  lir.iiid  l'oil,ii;e  \<\  the 
Utawas  liver  " 


El     Rkoimi-.n    Cwi! 


u;  I  \Ti  u 


•  ()l   IM  11  I  I  \N. 


? 


Faintly,  as  tolls  the  e\eiiing  chime. 

Our  voices  kii'p   ttiiu  .  and  oui  oais  keep  time, 

Soon  as  the  woods  on  shore  look  dim 

Wi'll  siiiij  at  St.  Ann's  our  parlins;  liviiin 

Row.  brothers,  row.  the  stream  runs  fast. 
The  i.i|iids  are  near,  and  the  daylighl's  past. 

Why  -lioiild  ive  yi  t  our  sail  unfurl  : 

Theie  is  not  a  bie.ilh  the  blue  wave  to  <  iirl  ! 

fliit  when  the  wind  blows  till  the  shore. 

'Ml  '  sweellv  we'll  rest  on  onr  weary  oar. 

Hlow,  bree/es,  blow,  the  sire.im  runs  f.isl, 
Tlf  lapids  ate  near,  and  the  daylight's  p.isi. 

L't.iw.i's  tide  '  this  lieiiibling  moon 

Sliall  see  us  Ijoat  omi  the  surges  scion. 

.Siint  of  this  (rreen  isle  '  heai  our  prayer. 

Ob  '  jriint  lis  ( (lol  hea\''ns  and  favoriny  aii. 
Mlow,  bree/es,  blow,  the  Mrciiii  inns  fast, 
The  rapids  are  ticir,  and  the  daylight's  past. 


We  li,i\i-  tiicl  willi  two  tr.i'islations  of 
Moore's  Ibi.tt  Song  into  Ireni  li,  hut  neither 
ot  ilietn  are  of  tmich  merit. 

Ilesides  these  Moat  Songs,  the  isl.inds  pre- 
seiit  in.tny  poetic  associations  that  give  to 
them  pel  iiliar  interest.  Ihe  late  Calel'  I. yon, 
of  l,\onsd.tle,  many  years  since,  published  a 
poem  si,.  (  ■.'hat  after  the  style  of  liyron's 
■' Isles  111  ( Ireece,"  that  has  been  so  often  re- 
produced that  we  deem  it  proper  tiot  to  in- 
clude it  in  this  volume. 

The  religiciis  meetings  th.it  have  been  held 
upon  Wellesley  Island  h.ive  given  rise  to  some 
poetic  remiiiiscem  es  of  pecttliar  interest,  es- 
pecially those  relating  to  Mr.  Philip  15.  Mliss, 
whose  participation  in  the  Sunday-.Srhool  Par- 
li.tnient,  in  1S76,  was  broitght  sadly  to  m  nd 
by  the  railroad  i  asitalty  that,  l)efore  the  next 
ye.ir.  ended  his  life  at  .\sl)tabtil,t,  Ohio.  This 
event  has  been  mule  the  suliject  of  meinorial 
MTses  li\  Miss  Winslow,  of  {Brooklyn.  The 
lolluwing  are  the  opening  stati/,is  of  this 
poem: 

Last  vear  he  stood  ainonjjst  lis  all, 

.\cknowledL.'e(l  Kiiiy  of  .Sony, 
l.i-t  year  we  heard  his  deep  tones  bill 

The  river  side  alonjj  ; 
We  saw  his  reverend  mien,  we  knew 

1  lis  spii  it  true  and  bold, 
lint  of  our  singer's  innei  life 

The  half  WIS  never  told. 

We  heard  the  siorv,  as  it  llew 

( )n  the  westein  wires  aloiin. 
Willi  bated  bieath  we  heard  it  true, 

(bid  look  onr  King  of  Song  ; 
We  lead  of  tiery  chariot  wheels, 

Of  wintry  waters  cold. 
Hilt  .ingels  saw  the  agony- 

Tlie  half  w.is  iie\er  told. 

Till    "Mil  It.  !i,F,>"  01    (!kKMi/iK,    riiE 
Canadian   Poki.* 

This  poem  extends  through  more  than  fifty 
Stan/, is,  in    which    the  author  lets  his  fancy 


*  loseph  Octave  Crema/.ie,  a  native  of  Lower 
Canada,  was  gifted  with  a  line  poetic  talent,  and  pro- 
duced several  pieres  that  have  been  greatly  admired 
for  the  elegance  of  their  style,  and  the  liighly  poetic 
senliiiieiits  which  the  y  e.xpiess, 

NL  Ciiiiia/ie  w.is  a  inerchant  ,it  Oiiebec,  but  prov- 
ing unsuccessful  in  business,  he  went  (loni  Canada 


II 


1 


(//-."r '/.('(,)•  (U-   nil-:  riiorsAxn  isi.wi^s. 


225 


I 


dwell  upon  what  he  would  do,  wuic  iu-  a  swal- 
low. Ilovould  lly  to  where  the  snowlloi  ks 
tall,  and  make  tiie  wildest  jilaces  echo  lo  lii> 
son:;.  He  would  visit  Spain,  where  the  almond 
blooms;  the  i;ilded  ilonie  of  Ali  a/ar.  and  the 
l<<iy  d  I'alaee  where  the  Caliph  Omar  reigned: 
("ordnva,  and  ( )U1  Castile;  l.enn.  with  its 
liru/AMi  gates,  and  .Se\ille;  the  l-L^curial  anil 
the  Alhamhra,  and  river  hanks  fragrant  with 
opening  llowers.  lie  would  view  tliu  .''v  of 
X'enice,  and  the  Lions  of  St.  Mark;  listen  i  > 
the  serenades  of  an  Italian  summer  evening, 
and.  in  short,  explore  on  liglu  and  rajiid  wing 
whatever  region  or  pla(  e  the  wild  world  offer-. 
—  in  l'',urope,  in  India,  or  in  the  land  of  the 
Nile,  that  awakens  jioetic  sentin.ents,  disi)lays 
|)ictures  of  beauty,  or  recalls  the  memory  ot 
great  events. 

Ha\ingthus  touched,  as  it  were,  a  tluuisand 
islaniK  of  interest  throughf)Ut  the  world,  he 
says: 

'■  Hia  when  with  llnnilsof  liirlu.  tlii'  Ijaliiiy  siniii;:- 
liiui-  foiiu  s,  w'iili  ii-.  iiuluilirs,  its  maniU:  of  unfii 
.iiiil  its  pfifiiiues- its  venuil  xjii:;.-  wiili  tlii' innniinu 
SUM.  ami  all  llu  fre>liiuss  of  awakeniiij;  lifi',  I  woulil 
K'Uim  to  my  ii.Uivc  skits. 

"  Wlun  Kvf  pliii'kiil  tliaili  fioiii  llu  Tue  <jf  Life, 
and  l)ioii};hl  tears  ami  sorrow  ii|ion  larlli,  .Xdarn 
was  driven  out  iiilo  llif  world  to  iiioinii  with  her, 
and  taste  from  the  hiiter  spiinf;  that  we  drink  to 
dav. 

"  Then  ant;c  K  on  tin  ir  wings,  bore  the  silent 
eden  to  the  eternal  spheres  on  high,  and  pi. iced  it  in 
llic  heavens  —  but  in  passing  through  sp.ice,  lliey 
dropped  along  the  way,  lo  mark  their  course,  some 
tlowers  from   the  (i.irden  Divine.      These  llowers  of 


ID   Hia/il.  and   from   thence  to   France,  and   died  at 
llavie,  laniiary  17.  iS;,). 

Mr.  l.areaii,  in  hi-  1  lisloiie  <le  l.i  l.illei.unie  (  ,111.1  ■ 
dienne.  in  speaking  of  the  style  of  ihis  poel,  sa\  s 

"  riiere  is  something  in  ("reni.i/.ie's  talent  that  is 
loiind  only  in  those  of  n.iiive  i;eniiis  it  is  inspira- 
llon.  Hv  sudden  and  passionate  llights,  he  carries 
you  into  the  highest  spheres  of  poetry  .ind  ihoiighl 
lie  adorns  his  stvle  with  coloring  the  most  luilliaiii. 
ami  in  his  hand  everything  is  transformed  .iiid  .mi- 
mated.  He  Invests  the  most  common  of  events  with 
features  tli.ii  elevate  .ind  magnify,  yet  in  this  exuber- 
ance of  coloting.  and  this  wealth  of  words  and  ideas, 
he  in  no  degree  impairs  the  simplicity  of  his  subject, 
riie  poetic  ihoughl  of  his  writings  is  i  leai  and  re 
fined,  ,inil  his  verse  is  ii.iim.il.  and  Hows  fioiii  ui 
.dundant  soiiice." 


'  li.uiging  hues,  falling  into  the  :;'i.ii  livei,  became 
the  riious.ind  Isles  _|h,  p.ii.nlise  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. 

■The  Thous.ind  Isles;  magniliceni  necklace  of 
ili.imond  and  s.ipphire  that  those  of  ilu'  ancient 
world  Would  have  piefeiud  to  the  biiuht  gold  of 
Opliir!  Sublime  and  In  .uilifnl  1  town  that  le-ts 
upon  the  .nnple  luosi-  of  the  Si.  I.iwieiice,  on  her 
throne  of  the  v.ist  I. ikes  tli.ii  displ.iy  the  tinted  rain- 
bow, and  return  the  echoes  of  thundering  .Niagara  ! 
riie  Thousand  Isles  —  chinning  wonder  —o.isis  on 
the  sleeping  waves  -  that  whieh  niii;hl  be  thought  a 
llower  basket  borne  by  a  lo\  ei's  hand!  In  thv  pic- 
tures(|ue  relrc'ais  I  find  naiiglit  but  jie.ice  and 
h.ippiiiess,  and  spend  the  tr.inipiil  days  in  slnjrjug 
the  I.iys  of  .1  heart  content  ! 

"  .Not  proud  .Xiidalusia — luu  the  b.inks  of  I'adi/— 
1101  llie  kingdom  of  the  Moors  s|iarkling  like  rubies 
—  nor  the  poetic  scenes  of  rioreiice  and  Milan  — 
nur  Koine  witli  iis  .ineient  sjdendois  nor  N.iples 
witli  its  volcano —  nor  that  charnieil  sea  where  Staiii- 
boiil  lifts  its  lowers  -nor  the  vales  of  sorrow  where  the 
lieree  Gi.iours  dwell  —  nor  Inilia  in  its  native  wealth, 
where  I'ara  Hrahma  si  :;,es,  or  the  se.is  of  verdure 
til. 11  Kalid.is.i  celebr.iie  nor  the  l.i.nl  of  the  pyra- 
mids —  uoi  ,ill  the  tu'.isures  iif  Miiiipliis  — nor  the 
r.ipids  of  the  Nib.  wlure  we  srek  and  admire  Osiris — 
shall  ever  thy  echoes  repe.it  from  the  notes  of  this 
lyre  which  is  liincd  amid  these  charming  scenes." 

Gl'.ol.DiiV    Of     IIIK   'riKHiSWh    l-l,\\lis. 

There  is  mm  h  geological  interest  in  the 
rock  form.uions  c>f  this  p.irt  of  the  St.  I,a\\- 
reni  e,  .md  in  the  e\  iilences  th.it  they  present 
as  to  the  (  hanges  th.it  the  earth's  >iirfa<c  h.is 
imdergcme  sini  e  the  beginning,  h'or  the  most 
p.irt,  the  islands  consist  of  giK-iss  rock,  be- 
longing to  the  L.iurentian  ,ieriod.  whii  h  here 
form  a  connecting  link  between  the  vast  i'ri- 
m.iry  Region,  so  called,  of  L  pper  Can.id.i, 
and  .in  extensive  ilistrict  of  the  same  in 
Northern  New  York.  'I'his  gneiss  is  gener- 
ally obscurely  stratified,  but  with  much  con- 
fusion in  the  lines  of  origin. il  deposit,  as  if 
the\'  had  been  softeneil  !>>  he.it  .md  distorted 
bv  pressure,  .ind  the  stratiluation,  such  as  it 
is,  is  often  highly  ini  lined.  The  rock  is 
((imposed  l.irgely  of  a  reddish  felds|Mr,  w  itii 
\ari,ible  proportions  of  (pi.irt/  ,ind  horii- 
hlende.  .ind  o(  (  asion.il  p.irti(  les  of  m.igiutic 
iron  ore.  in  some  |)l,i(  es  on  the  New  \'ork 
side  it  is  found  to  (  (int. tin  dykes  of  trap  awA 
ureeiislone,  that    r.unifv    into   thin  veins,  ,is   'f 


I 


2_'6 


. ;  .M »/  • ;  /..\  /u  I  u    I  hi:  >  /■.  / ,  / ;;  av. .\  <  i.  /,•/  /  i.r 


;    ! 


iiiji'i  It'll  ;inilci-  m'lMt  iiri'SMiiT,  .ind  in  ,i  lui- 
li'i  tl\  li(|iil(l  form.  It  .iImi  coiitjin^,  in  Ictln- 
>()n  ami  St.  I.ciwii'in  t'  (oiintu'-.  iim^t  iiUi.Mr-.t- 
ing  irvstaliiiK'  miiu-ral  forms,  in  ^nvit  wirictv 
,111(1  ill  kos--if,  k-.id  u MS  tdiiiiL'rly  iiiiiu'il  111  this 
Mirk  to  a  l.ir^e  .imouiit. 

I'lion  DiH'  (if  till'  'I'lioiis, 111(1  i'-laiuls  o|i|Hi- 
sitc  ( i,inaiioi|uc,  tlK'  niiL-N-;  idck  is  ([iiarricil 
lor  < cmcttMA'  iiioniimciits,  \vhi(  ii  .irc  ■-cni  to 
.Miiiitrc.il  for  iiolisliiiii,',  anil  an-  tlioiii;lit  i)\- 
many  lo  lie  ,w  beautiful  as  the  ri.'(l  S((ii(li 
|4r. mite  tor  iliis  iisi'.  The  roi  k  is  there  al-Mi 
(|iiariieil  f(jr  [laviiii^  Mix  ks,  and  otiicr  iisi.'^. 

.\t  ( i,inanoi[iK',  and  at  v.irioiis  places  .11110111; 
the  isl.inds,  the  Potsdam  sandstone  o((  irs  in 
thick  mas  .  s,  ri-<in_:;  into  (  iilfs  fiftv  leet  or 
mor(.'  alio\c  the  river,  and  at'fordiiii;  a  line 
materiil  for  Imildini;,  beinj;  ea-.ily  worke,] 
wiien  freslily  (inarrieil.  .uid  hardenini;  mion 
exposure  to  the  nir.  A  little  h.ick  from  th.it 
town.  ;^nei>s  form--  the  priin  ip.il  ro(  k.  risin:; 
in  n.iked  ridges,  with  intervening;  plains  that 
indicrti.'  the  presem  e  of  level  str.ita  ol  limv- 
stoiie  or  sandstone  lieiii-ath.  In  ihi>  ri^ion, 
white  (  ryslalline  limestone,  steatite  .md  v.iri- 
oiis  other  minerals  o( cur. 

Hefore  reaching  Hrockville,  and  tor  .1  Ioiil; 
di>t.ince  lielow,  ralciterotis  s.mdstone  ,ind  the 
older  limestones  constitute  the  onlv  ro(  k  in 
situ,  ,ind  afford  (.•\celleiit  ipi.ur  of  liiiildiiiL; 
--tone.  These  ^tr.U.i  are  for  the  most  pait 
level,  and  the  verv  llat  region  in  |effer--on 
count\-,  lyinu  .1  little  ha(  k  from  the  riser,  and 
exteiidinj.;  several  miles  inland,  is  nnderl.iid 
by  this  rock.  It  contains,  in  ni.iny  pi. ices, 
the  organic  remains  of  lower  forms  of  animal 
,ind  vegetable  life,  that  sometimes  ^t.lnd  out 
in  line  relief  upon  we.ilhered  siirf.u  es  of  the 
ro(  k. 

At  Kingston,  and  at  various  points  upon 
both  shores,  and  upon  C.irlton,  W'olle.  Ilowe, 
(irindstone  and  other  isl.imN,  the  l>ir(K'-i.'\-e 
and  Hl.ick  River  limestones  oc(  tir  in  nc.irlv 
hori/ont.il  str.ita,  .ind  in  some  pl.ice--  are  ^een 
resting  dire(  tly  upon  the  giui^s,  wlii(  li  cuiiu'- 
to  the  siirfa(  (',  here  and  there,  and  ol'ten  rises 
to  a  greater  ele\alion  than  the  .idj.n  ent  lime- 
stone. It  would  ajipe.ir  th.it  .it  tlic-c  places 
an  island  existed   it  the  time  when   the  sand- 


stone-., eKeulierc  so  .ibundaiit,  weie  being  de- 
lio--iled,  ,md  ih.ii  ihe  limestones  ucre  loiiiied 
(lirec  il\  o\er  the  -iiei^--.  'I'hi--  liinestoiie  is 
l.irgely  ii--eil  for  building  purjiuM's,  ,it  Kin^s- 
toii  .ind  cKewhere,  .md  it  make--  excellent 
lime.  I'rom  the  lower  .iiiil  impure  stiat.i  of 
thi^  rcK  k,  w.iter-lime,  or  hydraulii:  cement, 
w.i^  loinieiK  m.ide  in  Jefferson  (  oimty. 
These  lime^ioncs  ,it  wirioti--  plates  ( luitain 
tonsil  cor, lis,  sponges,  --helU.  and  other  or- 
gani(  rem.iin-,  p((  iili.ir  to  the  older  Siliiri.in 
luridil.  'Tlie  ISI.u  k  ki\cr  liiiK'^toiie.  in 
W'.itertown.  llrow  n\  ille,  .md  other  pi. ices,  h,is 
exlen--ive  1  ave--,  worn  li\-  i  urrents  of  w.iter  in 
lonner  times.  Tlu^e  ha\e  been  explored  to 
c(in-.iiier.i]i]('  di--t,ini  es.  and  apjKMr  to  h.ive 
been  formed  b\-  the  widening  of  natural 
fi^^ure--  in  the  rot  k.  'Their  set  lion  is  mure  or 
le--^  o\.il  in  form,  sometimo  wider  tli.in  high, 
.md  nearly  uniting  .ilong  the  line  of  the  fissure, 
,ibove  .md  below. 

'The  broken  region,  of  wliit  h  the  'Thousand 
Ni.inds  .lie  ,1  part.  alfonN  mi  either  side  of 
the  ii\fr,  in  wirioii--  pl.ice^.  .1  nuiiiber  of  pic- 
turesi|Me  hikes,  and  uiiliin  .1  di--i.inif  of 
twenty  miles  in  Jefferson  t  oiintv,  there  are  ex- 
ten--i\-e  milieu  of  reil  hem.ilite,  that  have  been 
wrought  for  more  th.m  lifty  ye.irs,  siipplving 
sever. il  iron  furii.u es  in  llieir  vicinitx,  .md  .1 
l.irge  .iinoiiiu  ot  ore  for  export. ition  toother 
poiiiN.  ( 'it'oldgically,  these  iron  ores  occur  in 
tint  k  beds  .ilong  the  junction  of  the  gneiss 
.md  the  older  fo'-siliferoii^  fonn.itions,  and 
thev  --eem  lo  extend  downw.ird  to  .111  unlim- 
ited extent. 

Ill  speaking  of  the  'Tliou^.ind  Nl.intK  as  a 
rieltl  foi'  geologii  ,il  --tudv,  ,1  writer,  who  h.is 
liken  .1  gre.it  interest  in  this  subiei  1.  s,u  >  : 

'■<)iie  of  ilii  iniisi  Kni  1  .\  iclii|iflani>c's  mi  the 
l;1iiI>i'.  is  iliis  iif  ijie  Si.  I.awi t'li'i'.  Iiidct'il.  it  i-< 
.iliiin^i  ilif  (inly  (IMC  llial  li.is  --iii  li  a  vast  niiiiilii'i  nt 
i^liMs.  .ill  iif  rniky  fiinnaliiMi;  lii«li,  licaliln  .  wiiiiiii'il. 
williDiii  ininliK  (ir  iiiai '•liv  slinK"-.  sin.ill  iiiiiiil;Ii  fia 
iiicldiaii-lilili'  v;iiielv  (lci|i,  ii.i\iya!.|(  (  liaiincl-. 
cvcrvwliiic.  .111(1  .il'dve  .ill,  ihe  vci  v  1  nuvii  .md  (;liii  v 
of  lllc  jiicKitcsiiilc.      ■'■■      ■■■■  The  liii  .1111111  1-  one  iif 

(lie  tt'i  v  liisi  f.ir  L'C'ilou'ica!   simh-.      I'lif   I,.iiiic  iiii.in 

s\--|llll     IS     !(•■   kllllC.I     111!      Illiicsl     1    \|.il,.l|M   .    HI     .llllllllj; 

llic  nl.|c-l,  cm  lilt'  L'hili''.      rill-  m.iiiilr  I-  l.iinih  I'diii- 
|iovc|    (if    fi|ils|..n,  .md  Nil  ijiiicis   wKJiiy  from  llic 


>■<■'■ 


In 


w 


\    III  '.I     I  II  I    •'!    i.l;  \M  I 


l;  \  I  .w  |\i,    -  Ml  l\i.    ^Ml  I  , 


'.  i 


, 


r 


I 


i^ 


f, 1:1  >/.()(:)    ()/■■  ///A    / //urs.iMi  />/..i.\/>s. 


-\?9 


i 

i 

s 


failKius  yi,lllilts  lit  N(  w  Ijiyl, 111(1,  111  wliifli  llDiil- 
IjIciuIu  (uriiis  s(j  large  an  fli'imnl,  and  wliicli  aiu 
iiL'.irly  a  triu'  syt'iiilc.  'i'l.c  I'olsilaiii  sandsloiif  line 
lies  diicctly  ii|ioii  llio  giaiiilc.  Mdlli  sliow  WdinK  i- 
fiilly  lilt'  erosion  of  waves  liy  wliirli  ilu-  yrcat  inland 
sea,  of  ancienl  j;eologic.il  ages,  woie  down  lliis  ini- 
tial oiillel  Id  llie  sea.  Holli  sliow,  also,  llie  grindiim 
and  pl.ming  anion  of  llie  glaLial  drift,  which  here 
wroiiuhl  willi  enorinoiis  |jower.  There  are  ilrifl 
s|ri;uor  grooves  here,  cut  inlo  this  '-ard  granite,  some 
of  them  showing  for  several  rods  in  length,  sliaighl 
as  a  line,  and  as  wide  and  deep  as  half  a  hogshead 
divided  leni'tlnvise  of  the  slaves. 

"  .\  block  of  granite,  as  huge  as  .1  small  house, 
held  fast  in  ilu-  under  surface  of  a  moving  sheet  of 
ice,  asa  gla/.ier's  diamond  in  its  steel  handle:  annlher 
sheet  of  ice,  hundreds  of  feel  ihii  k  .ind  ihon-.iiids  of 
miles  wide,  and  creeping  iiiiw.iid  wiih  a  slow  hut 
irresistible  movement  —  what  a  glass-culler  thai  ! 
.\nd  when  thai  whole  sliict  of  ice  is  thickly  studded 
on  its  iiiidei  side  with  such  blocks,  gieal  and  small, 
we  can  gel  .1  comeplion  of  what  ,111  enormous  lasp 
llie  li.ind  of  Omnipotence  wielded  in  pl.ining  and 
polishing  all  thi'  upper  surf.n  es,  especi.illy  the 
northern,  western,  and  noilh-weslern  exposures  of 
ihese  mighty  rocks.  The  loolh  niaiks  of  this  i,|sp 
are  the  glacial  stria-  of  geologists,  and  lliis  is  an  e.\ccl- 
leiil  place  to  study  Ihem. 

"  Tor  hilf  ,1  mile,  fronting  on  I'.el  h,iy,  there  is  an 
.ilino^l  I  (inlinuous  fioiil.ige  of  the  glacier-planed 
101  ks.  .\t  its  western  end,  this  rocky  ridge  breaks 
down  abruptly  in  lofty  piecipices  called  the  '  I'ali- 
sades,'  with  a  de<'p,  navigable  strait  of  the  liver, 
I'allfd  the  '  N'.inows  '  Mere  is  an  admiiable  phue  to 
study  the  cle,ivage  and  fi.ictuie  of  these  rocks,  and 
the  whole  is  one  of  the  tiiiesi  scenic  views  of  tlic 
(ireat  Kivei." 

An  .iiiotivnious  writer,  in  .1  book  of  Tr.iNels 
"  (lodicatid  to  the  W'.iiulercr  liy  one  of  iiis 
li.iss," — liiit  known  to  lie  Jolni  I'.  (',\in|ilieil, 
ot  Islay,  h;ul  his  attention  nun  h  attra<  ted  liy 
^jeolo^ical  |ii)enotnena,  .iiicl  in  noticin;;  i;l.u  ial 
af^encies,  remarks  as  follows  (onierninj;  this 
|iart  of  the  St.  Lawrence  : 

".At  the  foot  of  L.ike  Ontario,  at  Ihnckville,  a  rock 
of  gray  i|uarl/.  in  the  town  is  so  linelv  pulivhed  ih.it 
lines  on  it  weie  invisible,  and  almost  imperceptible, 
till  a  hi'cl-ball  nibbing  broiighl  theni  out.  I'lieir 
main  ditei  lion  is  N.  4?"  I'.ist  (magiietici.  and  large 
polished  grooves,  in  which  sand  lines  oecnr.  ,ire  ti  n 
feel  wide.  .\t  oilier  s|iii|s  on  the  same  loc  k,  lines 
point   north    and   have  othei    be.mngs.  but  tin-  whole 


shape  of  the  country  be.ir-  N.  I'. 


S    \V, 


He 


md     Miockville,    the     Tlions.ind     Isl.iuds    of 


I'.inada,  up  to  the  level  of  Lake  Out. irio,  is  glaciated. 
It  is  striated  in  v,iiious  directions,  hnt  the  lu.iln  lines 
observeil  aimed  fioin  Helleisle  tow,irds  .Ni.ig.ua. 
I'pon  or  ne.ir  the  lock  are  beds  of  s.iiid,  shells, 
gr.ivel,  and  el.iy,  with  laige  and  well  scratched 
bowlders  of  foreign  <rigin.  Higher  ih  111  tin  se  beds 
of  drift  are  more;  beds  of  sand,  shells,  gravel,  clay 
and  bowlders  as  high  up  as  the  lop  of  .Monlieal 
Mountain,  and  the  lop  of  Niagara  l',ills." 

In  noticing  these  phenomena  of  j;la(  ial  ac- 
tion, it  may  lie  remarked  th.it  the  whole  sur- 
face of  the  country  north  and  south,  and  to  a 
^reat  distance,  is  found  strewn  here  and  there 
with  1)0«  Iders,  some  of  them  of  iniinense  si/.e, 
and  in  other  jilaix's  are  moraines  or  ridges  in 
great  abundance.  |)rift-hills  < oniiiosed  of 
sind,  gr.ivel  and  bowlders,  sometimes  ce- 
mented by  (lay  int(j  "  hard  pan,"  are  a  com- 
mon occurrence, 

l,.\Ki    Rnic.i'.s. 

We  may  in  this  connet  tion  notice  the  "  Lake 
Ridges,"  so-i  ailed,  that  occur  on  both  sides  of 
the  lake,  and  various  elevations  above  its 
present  le\el.  These  parti(  ularly  engaged 
the  .ittention  of  Prof.  Charles  I, yell,  the  En- 
glish  geologist,  who,  in  his  jtiurney  in  iS.p, 
stopjietl  at  'Toronto  to  examine  them  as 
they  oc(  iir  northward  from  that  city.  'I'he 
first  of  the  ridges  was  a  mile  inland  —  and 
108  feet  above  the  present  level  of  the  lake. 
It  arose  from  thirty  to  forty  feet  above  the 
level  land  at  its  base,  and  could  be  traced  by 
the  eye  running  a  long  distance  cast  and  west, 
being  marked  by  a  narrow  belt  of  fir-wood, 
while  above  and  liehjw,  the  soil  was  clayey, 
and  bore  other  kinds  of  timber. 

'I'he  second  ridge,  a  mile  and  a  half  further 
inland,  was  joS  feet  above  the  lake  at  its 
base,  as  determined  by  canal  and  r.iilroad 
surveys,  and  arose  fifty  to  seventy  feet  high, 
the  ground  being  tlat  both  above  ami  below, 
and  at  the  foot  lay  a  great  number  of  bowlders, 
which,  from  their  composition,  showed  that 
they  came  from  the  n<irili.  Some  of  these 
bowlders  lay  on  the  top  of  the  ridge,  but  there 
were  but  few  err.ilii  ro(  kson  the  soil  between 


tl 


lese 


rid 


ges. 


Lake  Ontaiio  1  losclv  resemble   gioiips  of   low 


Jll 


jllenli 


iiigli 


•|1 


solid     lot  k     found. Ill 


.\noiher  ri<le  of  two   miles   and   a   half,  in 
>(      .1  northerly  direcliun,  brought   him  to  a  third 


'if 


V'*  < 


^,p 


.•/    .vV/7-  \VA'   ('/•     /'///'   S/.    /.  ;//A7,.\(7     AV  /  7  A'. 


(if 


riilyi',  fix  f  iiiiIl-.  Iiom  ilii- Like  lc>>  (■(iiiM|ii<  li- 
ons th.in  (.•itlicr  of  i!ic  fDrnuT.  lium;^  little 
UKiri'  llian  a  steep  slopL-  ol'  ten  I'eet  1)V  \vl)i(  li 
lite  liij;lier  terrace  was  re. k  lied,  only  eii;lit\ 
I'eet  above  the  haseol"  the  sec  onil  ri(l|;e.  Tliiis 
he  went  on,  jiassiiii;  one  ridnt'  after  another, 
sometimes  ile  iatiii;.^  several  miles  from  the 
direct  course,  to  l"i\  the  continiiitN  of  k'vel, 
.md  oli-^erviii}^  their  i;i'neral  charaitei.  He 
saw  no  less  than  ele\en  of  these  ridges  in  all, 
some  of  which  might  he  calleil  cliffs,  or  the 
al)ni|)t  terminations  of  terraces  of  cLiy,  which 
cover  the  siliirian  rocks  of  that  region  to  a 
great  tlepth,  and  belonging  to  the  drift  or 
bowlder  formation. 

The  higlust  ridge  w.is  .iboiit  ^)8o  feet  above 
the  lake,  the  water-shed  between  I  ,.ikes  (  >nt,irio 
and  Simcoe  being  762  feel.  I'rom  the  sum- 
mit the  slope  towaril  Lake  Simcoe  descends 
2S2  I'eet,  and  along  down  this,  si'ver.il  ridges 
were  found,  -.h-  ving  that  water  had  t'ormerly 
(lowed  to  .1  higher  level  than  the  jiresent. 

Mr.  l.yell  remarks  that  he  had  never  bet'ore 
ob.^erved  so  striking  an  example  of  banks,  ter- 
races, and  accuiiiuLuions  of  stratified  gravel, 
sand  and  clay,  ni.iintainiiig  over  wide  areas  so 
])erfect  a  liori/oni.ilit\-  as  in  this  district  north 
of  Toronto.  He  rem, irks  that  the  h\pothesis 
of  the  successive  breaking  down  of  barriers 
of  an  ancient  Like  or  fresh-water  (x cm  has 
now  been  gener.illy  abandoned,  from  the  im- 
jiossibililN  of  concei\  ing  here,  as  in  the  west 
of  Scoiland,  as  to  where  lands  <apable  of 
ilamming  iij)  the  waters  to  sin  h  height  could 
have  been  situated,  or  how.  if  thev  have  ex- 
isted, they  could  have  disappeared,  while  the 
levels  of  the  ancient  beaches  remained  undis- 
turbed. He,  therefore,  inclines  to  the  belie! 
that  they  were  the  margin  of  the  ancient  sea, 
which  has  changed  level  from  the  u|)heavals 
of  the  continent.  This  must  have  been  inter- 
mittent; so  that  pauses  o(  curred,  diiriiiL'  which 


vei  pcKcpiibly  risin-  lioui  tin'  -^ea  within  the 
histiuic  period,  .It  tile  rate  ot  two  or  three 
feet  a  century.  We  know  too  little  of  the 
laws  that  govern  these  subterranean  iiiove- 
ments.  to  dniv  the  [)ossibility  of  siu  h  inter- 
mittent changes  in  the  levil  of  the  sta. 

While  till'  tdil'f  margins  might  have  been  the 
•  ibrupl  shore  in  an  eMremelv  ancient  pi-riod. 
the  bars  of  sand  on  the  highest  levels  ina\ 
have  been  formed  on  the  inland  margin  of 
sh.illow  waters,  al  si)ine  dist.mce  from  dei')! 
w.itiu'-,  as  may  be  seen  in  course  of  form.ition 
in   some  places  at  tlu'  present  time. 

Diriii   01     rue.  Si.    1,.\\\  ki  nik. —  Tidi—    is 
nil,   I.AKi-. 

The  soundings  in  the  river,  .imong  the 
isl.mds,  indie, ite  a  great  irregiil.irity  of  depth, 
the  bottom  being  generally  rocky,  and  ipiite 
•IS  diversified  as  the  p.irts  that  rise  above  the 
surf.ice.  'I'he  gre.itest  depth  is  1  jo  feet,  but 
the  usual  soundings  are  from  thirty  to  sixty 
t'eet.  .\s  a  general  rule,  the  navig.ition  .imong 
the  inlands  is  entirelv  safe  to  vessels  of  the 
si/e  iisu.ilK  rmploved  upon  these  w.Uers,  and 
.ill  the  d.iiigeroiis  rocks  and  reels  li.ive  their 
jiositions  marked. 

I'he  level  of  the  river  dilfers  one  vear  with 
another,  the  extreme  range  being  about  seven 
feet.  'I'hese  changes  are  not  the  immediate 
el'lei  ts  of  the  exccsivf  r.iins,  such  as  laiise 
lloods  in  other  river-^,  but  appe.ir  to  be  oci  .1- 
sioned  by  the  different  ipi.inlities  of  rain  l.ill- 
ing,  in  some  years  uicu-e  th.in  in  others,  and 
which  finds  its  w.iy  duun  months  afterward. 
.\  series  of  sever.il  yiirs  of  high  water,  an<l 
others  i>f  low  w.iter,  .ire  known  to  occur. 
The  levi-1  of  liie  river  is  .ilso  alTecti'd  by 
strong  previiling  winds,  blowing  up  or  down 
the  lake,  and  several  instances  of  ripid  fall, 
followed  bv  .1  retiirniiiL;  vv.ive  of  extr.iordinarv 
height,  have  beiii  1 


eportt'd.      .Some  li.ive  siip- 
tlie  i oast-line  remained   stationarv  for  cenlu-      posed   these    sudden    changes   of    level    to   be 

c.iused     by    earthipiake-slioi  ks,     but    a    more 
juobable  theory  ajipears   to   be    that    they  iire 


ries,   anil    in    which    tht. 


aves    would    h 


time  to  cut 


hlf^ 


or   throw    up    beaches. 


throw  down    litlor.il    deposits  and  sandbanks      ociasioned  by  the    passage  of  a    water-s|)out. 


near  tlu'  shore. 


or  ,1  tornailo  at    a   distant 


i()int. 


'I'lieri'    is 


In  support  of   this  theorv,  he  cites   tlic  ex-      also  found  to  be  a  slight,  bul  well-m.irked  tide 


i 
J 


ample  of  S(  .uulinavi.i,  wlii(  h  has  been  slowlv. 


the   lakes,  depeiuling  upon    lunar   <  lianges, 


/.'()/    \7'./A7/.s    ('/■     ////      /IIOIS.LX/)    /.s/..L\/)S. 


?.S\ 


•\ 


likf  iliDsc  up<in  the  iHiMii,  (  aii.ihlf  dI  llu- 
saiiU'  |iri'<li<li(in.  .mil  guwriu'il  liv  the  --amc 
l,i\v>.  This  t.ii  I  li.ii  liL'L'ii  inoscd  by  loiiv- 
contimiL'd,  ^L-ir-ircoidiiii;  ohserx  ations.  It 
may  ntu-n  bf  ili>}^iii-.L-il  li\ 'f)><  illatidii  in  tlu' 
level  (irca^iolU'd  by  the  \\  iiuN.  it  was  <ib- 
servcil  by  ('haiU'\  oi\,  in  r;.'!,  that  the  level 
of  the  lake  i  hani^ed  several  tinier  in  a  ilay. 
a-<  ina\  be  si'en  ainwhere  aloni;  the  shore, 
es[)erially  u|Hin  a  i;enll\ -^hipin^  bea(  h.  This 
is  |)rr)bably  due  chielK  Id  the  ac  timi  ol  the 
winds. 

liOUNDAKV    l.i\r>    111   r\\  I  I  \     I  111     'I'ud 
('iiF\  I  !.;\.Mi.\  r^. 

in  Ireinli  ccihinial  times,  llicie  was  nn 
l)Oiin(lary  a<  knowledgcd  by  both  govirnmeiits, 
as  cxistin}^  between  the  I'reiK  h  and  l-!n;jlish 
settlements,  i-'-.u  h  |)arl\  (  l.iniud  t.ir  bevond 
the  point  allowed  by  the  other,  ,ind  the  en- 
croachments of  the  tormer  upon  I., ike  ('ham- 
plain  and  in  the  west  ,irc  well  known  to  have 
led  to  the  w.ii  tli.it  ended  in  17(10.  in  the 
e-^t.iblishment  of  l',n^li--h  .iiithoiity  over  the 
whole. 

The  pro\ini  e  of  (^)uebe(  ,  as  crcited  by 
royal  pro<  him.ilion,  wa^  bounded  on  the 
south,  from  the  (■oiine<  ti(  lit  to  the  Si.  l.aw- 
rt'iice  rivers,  by  the  liii'-  of  45"  norlh  l.ititude, 
and  south-westward  b\  .1  line  riinnmj;  from 
the  point  where  this  line  inlerse(  te(l  the  St. 
I, aw  re  me  to  the  south  end  of  1  ,.ike  Nipessinn. 
.\  sur\ey  of  the  line  of  .\^'  \\a>  begun  in  177-' 
by  John  (lollins,  on  the  p.irt  of  (Jiiebei',  ,ind 
Thomas  Vallentine.on  the  p.ul  ot  New  \'ork, 
but  the  Litter  h,l\inj;  died,  ('laiide  |oseph 
Saiithier  was  appointed  in  his  placi'.  .md  the 
work  was  compleled  (  )<  lober  20,  1774. 

In  the  tre.itv  of  i7.S^,  the  line  of  ihe  river 
,md  I. ikes  w.is  .iilopted  .is  tlu'  bouiuhuN  west- 
ward from  St.  Re;;is,  but  no  siir\i'\s  of  this 
p.irt  were    iindert.iken    until    .iboiit    tliirt\-li\e 


I  line  I.  i7'/>.  In  the  ineanlimc,  the  tlisciis- 
sion  .Is  to  boundaries  (■oiitinue<l,  and  Lieuten- 
.int-(jovernor  j.  (J.  SiiiK  oe,  of  I'jiper  Canada, 
was  p.irtiiiilarly  strenuous  in  insisting;  upon 
.111  .iggressive  adv.ince  of  the  frontier,  that 
should  secure  to  liritish  interests  in  the  inte- 
rior the  ma;:nili(  ellt  empire  \vhi(  h  the  Trench 
h.id  endeavoreil  to  establish.  lie  would  have 
had  Xi.i.nara  the  se.il  f)f  j;overnment  of  this 
Taii;lisli  \meri<  .1,  and  h.id  his  lust  concessions 
iieen  .lUowed.  the  western  boiindarv  of  the 
I'nited  States  would  have  been  the  (lenesec 
river,  and  a  line  extending;  from  its  head- 
w. iters  to  the  sources  of  the  Ohio,  and  thence 
southw.ird,  alonj;  the  .Mlenhenies  to  the  Gulf 
CO, 1st. 

When  this  1  ould  not  be  secured,  he  pro- 
posed .1  line  from  Presipie  Isle  |  I'.rie.  I'a.  |  to 
l'ittsburi;h  ;  then  the  Cuyahoga,  and,  as  a  last 
extremity,  tlie  .Miami  river.  Tl.irly  in  179^,111 
a  long  letter  to  the  home  government,  he 
pointed  out  the  great  ad\ant,iges  th.ii  would 
result  to  Can. id, 1  from  the  adoption  of  a  line 
ih.it  should  run  fr>)m  Lake  ()nt,irio  across  the 
country  to  the  southern  I'ud  of  lake  (!h.mi- 
phiin,  im  hiding  the  disputed  bound, iries  upon 
til, It  hike.  L'ntil  the  last  )iiomenl,  he  had 
clung  to  tlu-  hope  of  attaching  Wrmoni  to 
C'.inad.i,  and  the  correspondeiu  e  of  that 
period  shows  that  an  expeitation  of  this 
result  had  been  encour.iged  by  the  turbulent 
le.iders  in  that  State  as  an  alternative  pre- 
ferred to  submission  to  tiie  authority  of  either 
ol  till.'  I  hiiming  Stales.      He  adds  : 

'■  I  slioiiM  think  Oswejrd,  .im)  |  (jiiislion  wlielliir 
Niagara  would  ikiI  To  a  clieap  saciilice  for  siicli  a 
liiiiil.  wliiili  woiilil  In-  strictly  ilftiMisivi'  on  oiii  pail, 
.mil  r.iliiihileil  lo  |>i(!venl  fiitiiri-  (lisajireeiiionls.  I 
liavi  I'c.iid  llial  ("arllon  ls|;iiul,  the  most  iinporlani 
I'osi  on  l.aki'  Ontario,  is  on  llie  Hiilish  side  of  llio 
Hne  .IS  the  luttir  cIliiiirI  is  l)el\vcen  tlial  and  llic 
soiiiluin  shore   " 

Ag.iin,  in    writing  to   the    Kt.  Hon.    Henry 


vears  .ilterw.irds. 


A 


Til 


e    milit.irx  posts  on   the       Dundas,  November  4,  1792,  he   sayr 


I  be 


merican  side  of  tlu'   boiindar\   were  held   bv       to  send  a 


the  river  St.  Lawrem  e,  that 


tl 


le  liritish    for   the  purpose  of    protei  ting  tlu 


in 


case  of  a  tre.ity  being  entered  into  with  the 


claims    o 


f     Mrilish     Mibii(  Is    until    dcliniielv       United  States,  it   may  plainly  a|ii)ear  of  what 


reiimpiished  under  the   |,i\  treats,  sii: 
xember    19.   1794,  under  which    it    w.is  agn 


No-      (  onseipienre  it  is   to   render   it  eTec  tii; 


(1 


permanent,  that  the  Hritish    boundary  should 


I  \ 


lli.it     lluv    sllOll 


Id 


gnen    up   on   or   bctore 


the  islam 


)f  the  St,  Lawrence. 


i 


./  >('ri/:.\//:  or    nil   s r  i..\\\i<i..\ti    khi-.k. 


I  iiiU-i  ilu-  lir.iiN  III  (llicni,  uIikIi  fiuli'il 
llu-  w.ii  (il  1S12  15,  IV'td  \\.  I'mlir  w.i-,  .ip- 
liointcd  on  llic  |mii  of  tlic  I  nitcil  Si:itt>.  and 
Andix'w  li.ucl.iy  on  iIk-  |p.ui  oI  (Ire. 11  ilriiain. 
as  I  uniini-.sionL'rs  to  run  and  niaik  llir  lini-. 
'I'lu' siirxcy  «.!>  ln'L;iin  in  1S17,  and  ilicir  rc- 
|ioit  was  sij;iuil  lune  iiS,  iSjj,  siilijfcl  to  rali- 
ficalion  by  tlu-ir  res|iertivo  j;o\  rrnnKtils.  'riicir 
opuralions  wltc  1  ondiu  tid  with  mm  li  jirc- 
ci^ion,  and  the  details  \vti\-  ixdin  cd  to  maps 
that  liavf  ni'ver  hcL'n  i>iil)lishi;(l.  (!opics  of 
tlic^c  are  |>ii-si-r\  cd  in  ihi'  of  In  us  of  rciord  ol 
tlic  (ountriL's  ( onccrni'd. 

W'liili'  the  lioiind.irs  survey  was  in  proj^ress, 
Col.  Samuel  ilaukins.  the  at;ent  of  the  Ameri- 
can commission,  j;.ive  a  fete  ehamiieire  upon 
one  of  tile  lower  islands,  to  which  the  mem- 
bers of  the  commission  on  both  side^  uer  ■  in- 
vited. The  ineiiieni  is  described  1>\  Mi. 
Darby,  who  say^^: 

''  The  il.iy  vv.e-  even  on  iIk'  St.  L.iuiiiii  c  iiiuoin- 
inonly  luie.  .nul  amid  ilie  proves  of  ;\s|ien.  wikl- 
I  licrn  anil  limlcii  trees,  llie  scene  seemed  moie 
llian  eaillily.  Mis,  Ilawkin^'  (■rc'-iilec.l,  and  in  the 
liiiwiis  of  tin-  Si.  l.,iuienee  rei.alled  llie  mo-i  piil 
ished  in.mner-  <il  1  ivili/.ed  society  in  tile  eiowded 
■  ily.  At  tlu'  ilose  of  iveninn  Miij'"  lo^ii'li  Del.i- 
lield  and  myself  walked  ovei  llie  island,  ami  in 
fnll  view  of  the  objects  whicli  excited  oui  fedinys, 
conclnded  that  no  spot  on  tlie  ylolir  could  nni'.c  in 
so  small  a  space  more  to  please,  to  .inui-e,  and 
gratify  the  faiicv." 

I'lie  earlier  surveys  between  the  St.  Law- 
rence and  Connecticut  ri\  ers  beinu;  m.ide  with- 
out precision,  were  found  in  iSiSto  be  almo-.t 
everywhere  tipon  a  line  too  tar  north.  \\ 
St.  Re^^is  the  departure  from  the  trui'  latiluile 
of  45"  was  found  to  be  i,,^75  feel;  at  the 
l'"rench  Mills  |  I'Dri  ('()\  in;;toii )  il  wii  15.) 
feet;  at  Ch.iteau^uy  river,  975  I'eet,  and  .it 
Rouse's  i'oint,  4,570  feet. 

The  governinent  of  the  I'niied  Stalo  had 
beL;un  to  erect , I  fort  on  Lake  ( 'hamplain,  near 
what  was  the  supposed  boundary,  soon  .ifter 
the  w.ir  id"  iSi.'-i^,  and  this  w.is  wholh  car- 
ried over  into  ('inada,  bv  the  survey  of  181H. 
It  had  been  christened  "Fort  .Mont.i;omer\,  " 
but  now  in  common  jtariance  w.ts  c. tiled  "  Idri 


crtv.  It  bi'i  ,iiii(  the  ple\  ot  whoever  those  to 
plunder  it  of  materi.iK,  as  needed  for  build- 
iiil;  purposes.  Iiii.illy  b\  the  surveys  ol 
i.S(j.  the  old  line  of  1774  was  t;iken  as  a  com- 
promi-.e,  .ind  the  site  bein^  thus  restored  to 
the  posM'ision  of  the  I'liited  States,  work  was 
resumed  .md  <  .irried,  we  belie\'e,  tu  comple- 
tion uiuler  the  orii^inal  name 

In  the  surveys  made  under  the  Webster- 
.Xshburton  treaty  of  1S42,  J.  15.  liiicknall  I'',st- 
(ourt,  lieutenant-colonel,  was  ;ippointecl  by 
the  l;o\  eminent  of  (lre.it  hritain,  and  .\lbert 
Smith  by  th.it  of  the  I'nited  St.ites.  They 
( (iMl'irined  the  line  in  the  river,  as  it  h.id  been 
loc.ited  under  the  tre.ity  of  Cdient,  .md  the 
old  line  marked  by  \'allentine  and  Collins  be- 
tween the  St.  Lawrence  ;ind  Lake  Chamjilain. 
i'hev  wc-re  able  to  follow  this  line  by  the 
marks  (in  the  trees,  still  visible,  or  found  by 
<uttinj4  into  them;  but  where  these  could  not 
bi'  foiiiul,  or  where  cle.irinj^s  hail  been  in.ide, 
slraij;ht  lines  were  run  between  these  old 
landmarks,  and  iron  monuments  were  set  at 
everv  allele  of  delleetioii,  and  .it  the  crossing' 
of  rivers,  lakes  .md  ro.uU.  The  bound, iry 
line  is.  therefore,  not  on  the  true  |i.irallel  of 
4f,  .  nor  in  the  middle  of  the  ch.mnel. 
but  it  i>  a  cduv  enlioiKil  line,  .ii;reed  upon  by 
both  HON  ermiu'nts,  and  ac(  uratelv  tUdined  by 
moniimenls  .md  rei mils. 

The  l.uuer  isl.mds  in  tin-  St.  Lawrence,  be- 
Icnv  (  )L;densburi;,  li.id  Iohl;  been  settled  under 
St.  l<.i'L;is  Indi.m  litli>,  .md  weri'  occupied  at 
the  time  of  the  suivev  bv  settler--,  who,  up  to 
til, It  time.  Ii.iil  been  rei^.irded  .is  jirilish  sub- 
jects. 

Some  foriv  years  afierw.irds,  the  persons 
who  h.id  sust.iineil  losses  by  this  transter  ap- 
jilied  to  the  State  of  New  \ Ork  for  compens.i- 
tion,  and  their  claims  bei  .ime  the  siibjei  t  id' 
investigation  and  of  legislative  a<:tion  for  their 
leli.-f. 

Ih  nuiii.k  vi'iin  .\i.  anp  Tniocu  viuik  \i, 

S  t  •  K  V  I-  V  s. 
ia<iiisj|   SI  nv  1- vs. 
The  first  surveys  (d'  Lakes  Ontario  and  l'",rie 


I 


\ 


Hlund 


er. 


The  .\mericans  being  unable,  and      were  made  in  the 


siimn 


ler  of  1789,  under  the 


the  Canadians  unwilling  to  protect  the  prop-      direction   of    Mr.    Nilf,    an    engineer. 


ri 


/./(;/r/-//(>rs/:s  ('/■■  nil:  iiiors.ixn  isi.,\.\ns. 


233 


(inly  cmliraccil  tlu-  south  sliure  ot  l,:ike  (.*  '- 
lario,  from  Cark'iun  Island  to  Niagara,  and 
the  s<)\itli  shore  of  Lake  luii',  from  its  fastcrn 
end  to  Detroit. 

Thf  cnj;ineer's  instructions  requirfd  him,  in 
aihlition  to  tiic  soiindint^s,  to  note  the  loca- 
tions [)roper  for  ship-biiihlinj,',  the  i|uality  of 
land  for  settlement,  and  the  kind  of  timbei 
along  the  shores.  It  will  l)e  remembered  that 
tile  wiiole  of  this  region,  now  witliin  tiie 
States,  was  then  still  lield  liy  the  British  mili- 
tary authorities,  and  it  may  be  inferred  from 
the  above  instructions  that  they  were  lookin;^ 
forward  to  a  time  when  it  should  be  |ierma- 
nently  under  their  control. 

Soon  after  the  war  of  1813-15,  -^  survey  of 
the  eastern  end  of  Lake  Ontario  and  of  the 
river  .St.  Lawrence,  as  far  down  as  the  (lallo|) 
Rajiids,  was  nicule  by  Capt.  W.  I''.  W.  Owen, 
of  the  Royal  Navy,  with  soundings,  a  definite 
delineation  of  the  shores  and  islands,  and  some 
topograijliical  details  concerning  the  adjacent 
]),irts.  'Phi  survey  was  completed  in  1818, 
and  published  by  the  Hytlrograjjliical  Office 
of  the  .\dmiralty  in  1828,  forming  a  series  of 
ri\e  <  harts.  These  were  re-engraved,  with 
corrections,  in  1861,  and  are  found  in  the(  ol- 
lections  known  as  the  "  liayfield  CJharls." 
which  in  all  embrace  an  extensive  series  of 
lake  surveys. 

An  el.djorate  survey  of  the  region  around 
Kingston,  including  the  adjacent  islands,  upon 
.1  large  scale,  and  showing  the  contour  of 
surface  and  details  (jf  topograiihy.  with  sjiecial 
reference  to  its  military  defences,  was  pre- 
pared a  few  years  since,  and  a  limited  edition 
printed. 

LfN'irKD  Sr\ri.s  Lakk.  Si:k\kvs. 

For  many  years,  the  survey  of  the  noithern 
•uid  northwestern  lakes  has  been  in  course  of 
execution  by  the  corps  of  engineers  of  the  war 
(le])artinent.  These  trigometrical  and  hydro- 
graphical  surveys  were  begun  U|)on  Lake  On- 
tario and  the  river  St.  Lawrence  about  ten 
years  since,  anil  during  the  years  1871  to 
1875,  were  extended  along  the  river  from  St. 
Regis  to  the  lake,  under  the  direction  of 
Ilrig.-Cien.  C,  I!.  Comstoi  k.     In  1S76,  the  re- 


sults were  published  in  six  (harts,  wlii(  h  rep- 
lesont  the  part  of  the  ri\er  from  St.  Regis  to 
the  loot  of  Wolfe  Inland,  ujion  a  scale  of  1  to 
30,000  or  a  little  more  than  two  miles  to  an 
inch.  They  embrace  the  whole  of  the  river, 
and  the  topography  of  both  shores,  l)ut  do  not 
indicate  the  boundary  line.  A  map  of  the 
eastern  end  of  Lake  Ontario,  being  No.  1  of  a 
separate  series,  on  a  s(  ale  of  i  to  80,000,  or 
about  four-lifths  of  an  in(  h  to  a  mile,  has  also 
been  pui)lished  under  the  same  direction. 
These  (harts  all  have  a  great  nimiber  of  sound- 
ings, with  indications  of  the  nature  of  the  bot- 
tom, the  (  ontour  and  cultivatit)n  of  the  land 
on  the  islands  and  adjacent  shores,  the  place 
of  buildings,  the  lines  of  roads,  and  of  streets 
in  villages,  and  the  character  and  extent  of 
woodlands,  with  an  accuracy  of  detail  that 
proves  the  excellence  of  the  work. 

Light-Houses. 

.\  few  fa(  ts  concerning  the  light-houses 
along  the  St.  Lawrence,  may  not  be  without 
interest  : 

The  .\mf.ric\n'  Light-Houses  are  under 
the  care  of  a  "light-house  board,"  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  the  coasts  and  rivers 
of  the  (  ountry  are  divided  into  fifteen  districts. 
Of  these,  the  tenth  district  extends  from  St. 
Regis  to  Detroit,  with  the  headtjuarters  of 
the  inspector  and  engineer  at  Buffalo.  Within 
this  district,  there  are  sixty-seven  bglit-houses, 
and  about  150  buoys  (spars  and  cans),  an- 
chore('  .io  as  to  show  the  course  of  the  chan- 
nel, or  the  position  of  dangerous  places, 
'i'hese  spars,  etc.,  are  taken  up  at  the  close  of 
navigation,  and  re])laced  after  the  ice  has  dis- 
appeared in  the  spring.  By  their  color  and 
numbers,  tliey  give  information  tliat  all  navi- 
gators must  understand.  There  are  si.K 
American  lights  from  Ogdensburgto  Tibbett's 
Point,  inclusive.  They  have  all  fixed  white 
lights,  with  lens  apparatus  of  the  fourth  or 
sixth  order.  'I'heir  names  uiul  position  are 
as  follows: 

Ogdensburgh,  on  a  rocky  islet,  190  yards 
from  south  shore;  built  in  1834;  refitted  in 
[870;  a  square  tower,  42  feet  high,  with 
keeper's  dwelling. 


234 


A  socv/:\/R  (^/    riir  sr  i.awrf.we  a'Iif.r. 


I 


l<r'l 


it 


('i()>N-iiMi  ULind,  JO  mill's  .ilicnc  (  >i;ili'ns- 
biirg;  .1  tdwci  37  Ici-l  lii^h.on  ki-i'iifr'^  lnii  k 
ilwi'lliiig:  laiiifin  hl.ick:  l)uili  in  1S37;  ni'ittcil 
in  1.S70. 

SistLT  Islanil,  (i\  miles  lurtln'i  up;  .1  towiT 
on  kei'iH'i's  sioMi'  ihM-ilinj:;  l.intirii  Mat  k.  with 
ri<l  diinu';  Imilt  in  1S70:  laiulit.  43  tcil. 

Sunken  R(M  k,  (i  milo  tiirilur  up,  im  liush 
Island,  abniit  a  i|iiarici  ol  1  miU-  nnith  ni 
Alexandria  May;  an  (utaj^iinal  l)ii(  k  lower, 
slicilhcil  with  hoards;  white;  height,  31  li'ct; 
built  in  1.S47;  rililtid  in   iS^^. 

Koi  k  Island,  7  iniKs  luriher  ii|i;  kii|nr's 
dwelling  of  liii(  k,  white,  with  a  low  tower  on 
tc)]);  dome  bl.iek;  heij;lit,  39  iVet ;  biiill  in  1S47; 
refitted  in  1X55,      [Shown  hereilter. ) 

I'lbbetl's  Point,  J3  miles  al)o\e.  at  the  out- 
let ol'  the  lake;  a  stone  buildiiiL;  (  onnei  ted  liy 
covered  w.iy  with  a  round  brie  k  tower  (\',  teet 
hif^h;  white;  built  in  1SJ7;  relllted  in   1X54. 

The  oldest  li;jhtdiouse  on  the  lake  is  that 
near  I'ort  Niagar.i,  built  in  1S13;  the  ni'Xi 
oldejit  is  the  one  on  (lallo  Island,  built  in 
iS.'o.  All  the  liuhts  on  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
the  dreat  lakes  are  iliscontiniied  I'mni 
Jauu.iry  1st  until  the  openint;  ot'  na\i^ation, 
unless  otherwise  spec  ialK  direi  tc'd. 

riu'  l>i)\iiMi>\  lac  II 1- 1  Iiii -r  SysiiM  is 
under  the  1  harue  ol  the  Minister  ol  Marine 
and  fisheries,  and  at  the  be-innin^  ol'  iSSo 
einbrai  e<l  4.SJ  li;.;h!s,  ot  whii  !i  Labrador  had 
4;  \e\N  roundlaiul  3;  (iull  and  Ki\ir  ol  St. 
Lawrenie  140  to  Montreal  n;  trom  tiieiu  e 
to  W'indir.ill  I'dint  near  l'res((Jtt,  and  10  trom 
theiK  e  to  the  lake;  Sa^ueiiav  River  (>;  Kiililieu 
River  5;  Lake  Meiuphramaj^o;:  (r.  Ottawa 
River  iii;  Lake  (  )ntario  2i)\  Lake  .Siinc oe  1; 
Lake  Lrie  15;  Detroit  River  _•;  Lake  St,  (lair 
1;  Lake  Huron  3.';  Lake  Superiorly;  I'rince 
lalward  Isl.md  jij;  Cipe  liri'ton  Island  .•3: 
\<j\a  S( Dti.i  (Atlantii  Coast)  (13;  I'.av  ot 
i'undy  48;  St,  John's  River  13;  Winnipeg  1, 
and  Mritisli  Columbia  7. 

The  (  an;idian  liuhts  trom  I'rescijti  to  I., ike 
Ont.irio  are  as  follows  : 

Cole  Sho.d,  on  a  pier  live  miles  west  ni 
15ro<  k\  iUe. 

(irenadier  Island  (S.  W.  point),  two  miles 
below  Rockport. 


Lmdoe    Island.  Il\e  miles   ui'sl    ol    Roc  kpolt. 

( iaiianoilue  N.iriow  s,  ii\  r  miles  below  ( iana- 
noipie,  (HI   Little  Sl,i\e   Island. 

J.ii  k  Straw  Slmal,  on  a  pier,  north  sule  of 
ch.iunel,  tlilee  miles  below  (  l.iiiain  npie, 

.Spe(  i,i(  le  Shoal,  on  a  pier,  noith  side,  one 
.ind  a  ipiarter  miles  west  ol'(  ian.inoipie, 

Red  lloise  Rii(k,  on  pier,  S.  L.  side  of 
cli.innel,  one  mile  above  Sjiectai  le  Shoals, 

Ihirnt  Isl.ind,  .it  S,  L,  p<iinl  of  island,  north 
siile  of  i  h.ninel,  h.ill  mili'  from  Red  Horse 
Roi  k. 

Wolfe  Isl.md,  on  (Quebec  ,  or  east  ]i(iint  of 
island  and  I'.rown's  or  Kn.ipp's  I'oint,  on 
Uolte  Isl.md. 

'I'liese  .lie  .ill  l"i\ed  sinu;le  lijihts,  with  metal- 
lic rellei  tors,  on  white  si|ii;ite  uooileii  lowers, 
•md  Were  .ill  buill  in  iS^fi,  e\ci']it  Wolfe 
Island  Liiiht  in  iSni.  .ind  tli.it  on  llrowii's 
I'oint  in   1.S74 

Sll    \M      Nwh.AllciN      LTON      I.AKI:     t)Nl.\U|0 
A.M)     I  III      S  r.     L.\W  KI.M  1  . 

The  lirst  ste.imbo.it  ih.il  .ippeared  upon 
this  lake  u  ,is  the  (  >neid,i.  in  1.S17.  The  bo, it 
w.is  110  teet  Ioiil;,  lueiitv-foin  wide,  and 
<iL;lit  deep,  .lud  me.isiiied  .'37  Ions,  .ind  li.ul 
.1  low-pn'ssiire  1  ross-he.id  en;;ine,  and  ,1 
I  hit  t\  -foiir-iiii  h  I  \  Under  u  ii  h  foil  1 -feet  stroke, 
Slie  h.id  two  m.ists,  ,ind  utiI  s.iiN  wlnn  the 
v\iiid  t.iviued.  It  w.is  indeed  .1  lieu  er.i  in 
ii.u  lu.ilion,  and  Hum  this  time  hurhaiu  boats, 
b. lie, Ills,  .111.1  .ill  ihe  pie, IS. lilt  ;isso(  iatiolis 
whii  li  bo.r.  si)nL;s  lei  .ill  were  doomed  to  dis- 
.ip|ii'.ir.  'I'he  new  ste.imboat  w.is  indeed  a 
wdiider  in  this  ]iart  of  the  wurld,  and  ,it  every 
l.indiuu  '  rowds  .iss,iiibled  ficjin  f.i;  ,ind  wide, 
to  (  .it(  h  a  view  ol  till'  ("irst  wreath  of  smoke 
from  her  ^tac  k,  .md  to  w.iti  h  and  wiuider 
.is  she  slow  h  .11  id  111,1  jeslii  .illy  (  ,ime  up,  ,ind  as 
she  independently  ilep.irted  on  In  r  ,i]ipointe<l 
i oiirsi'.  I'",vi'ry  \ill,ii;e  tli.it  could  iniister  a 
1  .mnon,  ,ind  every  steeple  lh,it  h,id  ,1  bell,  an- 
iioiim  ed  the  exeiit,  and  joined  in  the  weh  ome. 
lionfires  .md  illumin,itions,  the  1  on^rituLilioiis 
of  Iriends  and  interchange  of  hospitalities, 
sijfn.ili/ei,!  ihe  event  .ilonj;  the  whole  of  the 
route,  and  the  occ  .ision  was  jotted  down  ,is 
one  to  be  long  reineinbcred.      The  round  trip 


I 


)•■, 


.\. //7i,. /  //('\    ;  \/>  /  /  i//.7/.7\(;. 


-m; 


lioni  ( )(;(li'i)slMiri;li  lo  l,iwi-.lnn  iii|iin(il  tin 
(l.iys.  I'.iri!,  5(i(f  in  ilic  (.ilun,  ,inil  >«!S  on 
(U'ck.  M.istcr,  ('aplaiii  M.ill.iby,  'I'lic  ( iiic- 
iili  iin  till  I'S,;.'.  seldom  inakin;;  nmri-  lli.iii 
l':\i'  nules  at)  hour.  'I'lic  !■  rotitciun:  canic  out 
tioin  Kitij^stoti  ttot  lonn  alttT.  From  tliistimi- 
down,  llic  nutiilirr  lias  bfci)  U'jjion;  Imt  sine  i- 
till'  (()m|ilctiipn  of  ilii;  (ir.ind  Trunk  Raihv.iv, 
the  im|iort,mt  I'  ol'  -.team  ti.ivigation  lias  j^ri'.ilU 
(ictliiud,  and  several  line  steamers  were  taken 
down  llie  ra|iids  never  to  retnrn.* 

I'liii  wliatevei  the  future  inav  determine,  .is 
rej;ard->  the  lines  of  i)Usiiiess  travel,  the  St. 
I.iwrenee  will  always,  in  it-,  islands  and 
Its  r.ipids,  present  an  attr.ietive  route  for  tour- 
ists in  the  sunmier  season.  We  ma\  never 
a;;ain  witness  a  lleit  of  steamer,  as  ma^;iiil'i- 
tetU  as  those  of  the  "  ( )ntario  .ind  St.  I.iw- 
renee Steimlxial  Co.,"  whieh  in  its  lust  ilays 
li.id  elewn  su<  h  in  d.iilv  us,  —  while  the  C.ina- 
ilians  at  the  s.imc  time  had  numerous  elej;.int 
steamers  fully  em|)loyed;  hut  under  the  l.iw 
universally  true  in  Imsiness,  that  the  su[i|ily 
mil  he  ri'^nlaled  liy  the  dem.iiid,  wr  may 
(  oiilidentU  look  for  abundant  comfort  and 
elei;ni(  I'  in  these  steamers  Upon  the  St.  I.aw- 
reiii  e.  The  history  of  steam  navijialion 
se  ir(  ely  presents  a  more  rem  irkahle  freedom 
hom  accidents  than  dcjes  th.it  upiui  this  hike 
,nid  river  —  a  circiinist.inc  e  due  as  well  to  the 
intrllinence  of  those  entrusted  with  their  n.ivi- 
i^alion,  ,is  to  the  sagacity  of  owners,  who  s.ivv 
their  true  interest  to  consist  in  the  cert.iinty 
of  their  eng.igeinents,  rather  than  in  a  rejuita- 
tion  for  extraordinary  achieveiiunts  in  amount 
of  luisiness,  or  hi.nh  r.ite  of  speed. 

The  I'lne   boats   of  the    l''olL;er    lirothers,  as 

*  .\  laiyc  amiHini  of  iiifiiiiii.iiiciii  I'oiiccrniiii;  sicixiii- 
lici^Us  ll|Hin  lllf  lake  will  he  lullllil  Ml  I  loil(.;lrs  |  lisioiy 
cpf  Si.  I.:uviiiico  and  franklin  ('Duntirs  (isf;(l.  ami 
in   ll.idihxk's  History  of  |e(Tersoii  ("diinly  ( iSc);). 

For  many  yc.irs  ("laylon  was  a  noted  place  for 
sleaiiiboat  l)uihlinu.  Soniu  of  tlic  liiiest  sleaiiurs 
thai  ever  appeared  on  iliise  waters  caiiie  from  the 
shipyard  of  Mr.  John  O.uies.  of  tli.il  pl.ire.  Of 
these  the  .New  York  and  the  Hay  Stale,— trnly  mag 
nilicent  in  ilieir  appoinlments,  were  afterwards  em- 
ployed on  novcrninent  service  in   tlie  Sonlli.     Oihi'i 


well  .Is  of  ihi'  Ki(  lielieii  ,ind  ()nt.irio  N.ivig.i- 
liiin  I'omp.iny,  h.ive  lerlainlv  reduced  jire- 
( isioii  to  perfei  lion,  .iiul  .itcidents  to  ;i  mini- 
mum. 

I.ifi'-s.iv  ing  st.ilions  were  first  established 
by  the  ( iov  eriitnent  of  the  I'nited  States  upon 
Lake  Ontario,  in  the  summer  ol  i.S54,  « oii- 
sisting  origin.illy  of  Fr.incis's  .Met.illic  I.ife- 
Hoats,  with  fixtures,  but  without  buildings 
to  shelter,  or  crews  to  m.inat;e  them.  'I'he 
system  li.is  sim  e  been  perfected  .is  tlie  wants 
of  the  servii  e  reipiired. 

The  jirescnt  lines  thr<iu^h  the  I  housand 
Islands  .ire  'piite  numerous,  by  f.ir  the  larger 
part  being  owned  .md  run  by  the  I'oiger  liros., 
of  KmL;ston.  Tluir  boats  .ire  in  every  w.iy 
superior,  .md  really  le.ive  nothing  to  bo  desired. 

l.rMIUUl.M.    IPuN     till;    RlVll;    St.    I,AW- 
KI.Nl  K.. 

In  several  of  the  descriptions  given  in  the 
preceding  pages,  allusitm  is  made  to  wood- 
bind scenes  and  woodmen's  l.ibor.  One  of 
the  earliest  and  most  extensive  operators  in 
this  line  w.ls  Willi, im  Wells,  eldest  son  of 
Thos.  Wells,  from  S.indown,  N.  II.,  who  ( .ime 
to  Cm.id.i  in  17.S7,  .md  began  lumbering 
oper.itious  about  1790,  on  the  island  to  which 
his  name'  is  now  often  ai)|ilied.  He  would 
est.iblish  a  shanty  at  a  <  onvcnient  jioint,  and 
with  llie.iid  of  hired  men,  work  up  into  staves 
.ill  the  timber  suitable  to  his  use  within  con- 
venient reach,  and  when  this  was  exhausted 
he  would  remove  to  another  place.  He  thus 
went  over  the  whole  of  this  island  and  other 
isl.inds  in  the  river,  until  the  business  became 
no  longer  protitable.  His  market  was  I'-ng- 
land,  by  way  of  (Quebec,  to  which  ))lace  his 
stock  was  sent  upon  rafts.  At  a  later  period, 
("arlton  Island  for  a  short  time  became  an 
important  lumber  station,  and  later  still,  Clay- 
ton, where  for  many  years  immense  ipiantities 
of  timber,  brought  down  from  the  upper  lakes 
in  vessels,  were  made  up  into  rafts  in  Freni  h 
Creek,  and  sent  down  to  Quebec.  It  was 
there  again  loaded   into  vessels,  for  the    Kuro- 


.111   markets 


In   recent   vears,  the   foot   of 


laki 


sieanieis    were   used   diirinn  our  l.ue    war    as 


blockade  ninners  on  the  Southern  coast. 


Wolfe  Island,  and  darden  Island,  opposite  to 
Kingston,  have  been  the  princii>.il  lumbering 


=  3S 


./  .v'r/7;.\/A'  ('/•■   /■///■■  >/■.  /../;/-A'A.\( /•.  av;  a.A'. 


II    ! 


st.uicms  1)11  ihc  nviT.  \'\\c  l>u--iiii--.-.  li.i--  Im  .1 
lonj;  tiiiU'  (li'pciulfil  ii|iiin  ^llll|lll^■•^  l)iiMiL;lu 
down  lri)iii  ili^tanl  pdiiiN  m  tin-  \\\st.  aiul  i> 
lunv  ^ir.itly  iidiu  cd  (rom  thr  i\luiii^.lu)ii  of 
bii|ii>lic>. 

Al    I  UMNAI,  SCKM  k\    .i|     rUK    NiiKllilKN 
S  I  A  I  1,>   AMI  Ml    (  '  \\  All  A. 

\\r  D.WL'  iKiliciil  III  the  (k>i  ri|ili(m>  oi  >c\- 
cral  trawlliTs  in  tin-  pict  I'ding  iii};f>  ,111 
alliisit))!  to  the  (oloriiiL;  of  the  fori.'>t>  of 
this  rt'i;i(in  towaiils  ihr  <Ki>c  of  a'.iluiim, 
forinini;,  mdceil,  one  ol'  the  aiirailions 
most  likoly  to  fix  itself  in  the  iiu'iiioiy  in 
the  declining  season  of  the  year.  'I  hi->  was 
most  fully  j;i\en  by  the  Cieniian  traveller.  I  )r. 
Koiil,  whose  account  of  the  islands  will  In- 
found  on  luecediiii;  pa;4cs.  We  will  1  oui- 
nieiii  e  the  (lescri|plion  with  hi->  .'.rrival  at 
Kiiigston,  laic  on  a  warm,  biit;ht,  ri(  hly-col- 
ored  autumnal  afternoon,  w  hen  the  setting;  sun 
presented  a  ino^t  imiiosiiii;  appearani  i..  There 
was  still  enough  of  dayliuhl  hit  to  ^et  a  t'lne 
\iew  of  the  city  and  it-.  suliurb>,  and  he  de- 
parted by  steamer  fiu'  Toronto  the  sanu'  e\e- 
ninL;.  lie  des(  lilies  the  pa-sa,i;e  as  one  of 
e\(Hlisite  beaul\.  the  la-t  l^Iow  of  twili;4ht 
shedtling  a  glor\  omu'  the  apparently  bound- 
less water.  wlii(  h  seemed,  like  the  sea,  w  illiout 
limit.  A^  it  L;rew  dark,  the  waters  I'resented 
the  novel  spectacle  of  moving  lighls  near  the 
short',  where  the  fishermen  were  following 
their  business  by  tt)rchlight  ;  .uid.  Liter  in  the 
night,  the  heavens  were  lit  uji  by  the  aurora 
borealis  with  unusual  splendor. 


It 


niav  almost  be  (pieslioned  as  to  whether, 


d    th 


shitting    s(  enes    of    no' \lty.   our 


worthv    traveller  not    lime  for  .1  moment's  re- 


liir  Ciiliilliln  sliiiulil  ikvi  lii|'  ilsill  III  Mull  .1  I.iiiil  of 
liiisl,  wlii'ii-  llic  [..ill  lU'  of  li.Ume  is  |iiips|i|('il  Willi 
siirli  ;i  v.irii'ly  of  hiicly  yiailiLili  tl  hues  llu'  i  vr  1- 
■•li.ii  |ii'iH'il  10  then  ililli'iinii'-.,  wliili'  in  lioiiii  al  ii- 
HioMS,  wlic'ie  the  cliicf  colors  .ipin'ai  iiiosi  shikinyly. 
llie  si'iisi".  .ir(' d.i//ii  il.  A'-  llie  sun  lost.  I  K  iii.iikiil 
111  Illy  suipii^r  lli.it  llie  leiliicss  of  llic  iiioi  iiili<;  (l.iwii 
li.icl  not  |ias>eil  fioiii  tin-  lioii/oii,  .is  it  coninionly 
Joes,  but  rciiiaineil  lianniiiK  as  a  vciy  cUeitli'd  red 
st'>;iiH'Ml  of  a  ciicli'.  .iiid  tlic  liiyiui  the  ?un  lose,  the 
fiiillicr  il  stretched,  till  lnw.irds  eli  vcri  o'clork  ll  oc- 
iii|iie(l  one-half  of  ll.r  hmi/oii.  while  the  ii|i|Misiic 
side,  which  w.is  of  .1  liulil  Hiayisli  lint,  losi  '.^loiiiid 
more  .mil  nioii'.  .inii  al  Icnjjih  the  sun  appealed  as  a 
radi.tiit  focus  in  (he  i  ciiler  of  an  alinuspliere  of 
liglil,  wliicli,  Willi  few  \  .iii:ilion'-.  p.issed  inio  red  all 
round  llu'  lioii/011.  I  s.iw  ihi-  niiiark.ilile  plinicnu- 
ennn  liere  for  ihe  tiisl  nine,  Imt  .ilurw;iiil>-  lic- 
i|urnllv,  and  learned  that  il  especially  lnli  iiycd  10 
llie  '  liulian  Suininer,'  .nul  was  known  iindci  ihe 
name  of  '  the  pink  iiiisi.' 

A  short  lime  .ifter.  our  tr.iveller.  in  passing 
Tiorthw.ird  from  Toronto,  on  the  route  lo 
I., ike  .Siniiiie.  h.ul  mcasion  to  again  revert  to 
the  glories  of  the  autuinnal  forest,  which  he 
h.ul  .ilread)  noticed  in  jiassing  .imid  the'TlKui- 
sind  Isl.mds.  His  description  has  no  loi  al 
.ipplication.  but  will  f.iiihfiilly  represent  the 
impressions  of  .111  intelligent  oliser\er  in  the 
deciduous  forests  of  any  part  of  the  NoillieMi 
Slates,  and  of  ("anad.i,  in  the  fading  season 
of  the  ye;'.": 

"  .'lie  tries  here  still  yloricd  in  the  rich  cnloriiii; 
of  their  leafnm',  allhoimli  in  (•ueluc.  a  forlniyiil  Le- 
forr.  the  vegi'l.ilion  had  assumed  a  liati-  and  wiiiii\ 
aspect.  'The  clenanl  and  iiiiu  hpii/dd  m.ipli'  w.is 
conspicuous  .nnionu  ihiiii.  as  ii  imisily  is  inCaiiada. 


ives  e.\liil)iled  inon 


Mill 


mil  ^ladaliiiiis 


if  uol 


lU'ii-vellow  anil  ciim 


son  lli.iii   cm  lie   found  in 


Inst  furnished  coloi-lmx.      I'Aim  when  \oii  walk 


aik 


day> 


llu    fiiicsl,   the   liees  slied 


iriuind  you  such  n"ri;< 


•lots  lliai 


>u  ini^hl  ini- 


jiose, 


tor 


his     descripti(Ul     of     llu'     midnight       agine  il  w.is  liriiihl  sunliKlu.      \  011  seem  to  I'l 


.uiror.i,  v  til   Its 


Jc 


iiencils  of  b'^ht.  it> 


coron.i.  an 


d  its   dazzling   .irch,  p 


dire<  tlv 


\)i    in    llie    midst    of    some    magic    siinsel    of    the 
lecliiiing   year.      The   leaves  of  the  ma|de  are,  loo. 


on  the  hike,  tluil 


as   el 


;aiillv   cut   as    iliey   aie 


ichlv    adorned  wilh 


color,  .11111 


llii'  Canadians  pay  them  the  same  lionuge 


as    the    Iiisli    do    ihcir    green 


iioilal     shamrock. 


into  the  jiii  lure  of  .1  inori 
follows  : 

"  Itiit  its  spleiidois  weie  f.u  excecdi  ll  in  lieaulv  liy  Thcv  are  colleiled,    presseil    .md   preserved;  ladies 

llie  tender   lints   of   the  aurora   orienlalis  ih.ii  .ifier-  select  the  most   licauliful    lo  form    natural   gr'ilands 

wards  showed  ihinisilves  on  the  e.isiern  hori/iin.  and  for  their   hall-dresses.      You   see   in    (  anad  i   lahlcs 

ihllu-ii  light.     A  and  other  furniture  inlaid  with  lioinpuis  aiic'  wrealhs 


then  tilled  die  whole   almospheii'  vi 

delic.ile  iiiisl  h.ul  risen   low;ird    sunrise,  and   the  sii 


of  varnis 


led  m.iple  leaves,  ami  you  see  a  1  elegant 


had  made  use  of  lliis  gaii/.y  vei 


laliH  il  wilh  the       sie.mier  with  ihe   n.ime  M.iple  Leaf  painlci 


111  large 


lovelies!  pale   lints.      I  do   iiotwoiiilrith.it   the  l.iste       lellers  on  llie  side.      Somelimes  the  Canadians  wmilil 


I  in:  ni.M  rii.s  or  .u  iimx. 


.isk  liic,  ill  llieir  glorious  woods,  wliclln'i  I  liail  ever 
•iicii  anylliiiii;  like  llioin  in  I'-iiiopi-;  ;ind  if  I  an- 
swcii'd  lli.il,  iIioukIi  ihcir  wodds  were  cs|ii;ii.illy 
liiaiillfMl,  I  liad  cIsL'wlu  ic  oliscrvi'd  red  and  m  How 
.iiiliiiiin  Umvcs.  llifv  wciiild  smile  and  shake  their 
litMils,  as  if  ihey  uicinl  Id  say  ihat  a  sti.in>;ti  could 
never  a|ipreciait'  Iho  heaiilies  of  a  Canadian  fiircsl 
ihns  dvin^  in  t;ohli  n  ll.iinc.  I  have  seen  a  Swiss, 
bom  and  bred  .iinoiiy  the  Alps,  smile  jusi  as  pity 
injjlv  at  the  enthnsia^m  of  sliaiit,'ers  fm  their  inonn- 
l.iin>.  eviilentiv  ie;;ardini;  it  as  a  mere  momentary 
llaie,  and  lliai  ihcy  only  i  oulil  know  how  to  v.dne 
the  chainw  of  a  land  of  inonnlains. 

"The  ina;;n;li(ent  coloiiiiH  of  these  trees  strikes 
\oii  ino'<t,  I  think,  when  the  gilding'  h,is  onlv  just 
liegun.  .md  the  j;reen,  yellow  and  seat  let  tints  arc 
mingled  with  the  most  ilelii  ate  tratisitions.  Some 
limes  II  seem-  as  if  N.iture  were  aninsing  herself 
Willi  till  SI'  tjr.ii'edil  playlhiims,  for  yon  see  aieen 
liec  s  uvisted  about  with  jrailands  of  rich  red  loaves, 
like  wreaths  of  roses,  and  llien  a^'ain  red  liec  s,  wheie 
the  wiialhs  ate  jjrecn.  I  followed  with  delight,  loo, 
the  series  of  changes,  frjin  the  most  biilliaiit  i  lim- 
soii  to  the  darkest  claret  coloi,  then  to  a  rich  hiown, 
which  passed  into  the  i  old  pale  j^iey  of  the  wiiilci. 
It  seems  to  iiK?  evident  that  the  snn  of  this  clim.ite 
has  some  ipiile  pecnliai  power  in  its  be.ims,  and  that 
the  f.iintesi  lini  of  the  antumii  foliage  lias  a  pure  in- 
tensiiv  of  coloi  that  yon  do  mil  see  in  lairope. 
I'ossililv  yon  see  the  climate  and  chaiacler  of  ('an- 
adaniiiioied  in  these  anininn  leaves,  audit  is  the 
r.ipid  and  viulent  iransiiions  of  heal  and  cold  that 
produce  il'.ese  vivid  conliasis. 

■'Che  fiosi  ill, It  sometimes  sets  In  suddenly  afloi 
a  veiy  hoi  i\.\\ .  is  s.ii,|  |,)  |,i;  one  of  the  chief  painters 
of  these  American  wood  .  When  he  docs  hnl  touch 
the  tices  lliey  immediately  blnsli  losy  red.  1  was 
warned,  therefore,  not  to  regard  wh.ii  I  s.iw  this  vear 
.is  the  lie  pins  ultra  of  his  artistic  elloiis,  since  the 
frost  had  come  this  time  very  gradually.  The  snni- 
nK'r  heat  had  'asted  iinnsnally  lom;,  and  the  droiilli 
had  been  eNtiaordinar\ ,  so  that  ihe  leaves  had  be- 
come giadii.illy  div  and  withered,  insleail  of  being 
suddenly  struck  by  the  fiosi  wliile  their  sap  was 
still  .ilnind.iiil,  a  ncc-ess.uv  coiidilion,  it  a|ipears,  for 
this  biilliant  coloring." 

.\s  if  i|ititc'  tmal'li'  to  tear  himself  from  a 
Milijcct  that  had  so  tlmroti^hiy  awakened  his 
atteiuior.,  our  keenly  observant  tr.iveiler,  after 
(lescril)in^'  many  other  scenes  of  Indian  and 
I'ii'iieer  lite,  presented  in  his  northern  jour- 
ney, a>;ain  recurs  to  his  favorite  im|iressions. 
He  had  'i>'eu  so  dften  inlerru|ited  by  imperti- 
nent io.piiries,  ,is  to  who  he  was,  where  he 
was  j^oing,   <in    wh.it    liusiness,   wlieiv   he    in- 


tended to  buy  land,  and  where  he  meant  to 
settle,  tiial  he  I'.td  deviseil  a  ready  means  of 
iretting:  rid  of  ti.  'se  ann(;v.in<es  —  for  when 
he  saw  one  of  tliese  impiisitors  appro.ichiiij^, 
lie  at  once  liej.;. in  a  simrt  biograjihii  ,il  recit.i- 
titjn.  statinj^  wiiere  born,  his  orij^in,  what  he 
had  come  for  and  what  not,  and  so  forth,  end- 
ing; with  the  declaration  that  he  diil  not  in- 
tend to  settle  in  tlie  country,  nor  to  buy  land. 
.\s  soon  as  everyl)ody  knew  who  and  wli.it  he 
was,  tiiey  caret!  little  more  about  him,  and 
having  thus  cheaply  pun  based  a  truce  from 
further  iuipiiry,  he  cnuKl  settie  down  to  the 
c.ilm  enjoyment  <d  the  scenery  before  him. 
He  s.iys  : 

'■  I  would  gl.idly  give  sonn'  ide.i  of  its  beauty,  but 
it  is  oiien  ilillicnll  to  convey  impressions  of  this 
kind,  wiihonl  f.dliiig  into  repetilioiis.  which,  tliough 
often  f.ir  from  iinweh nine  in  nature,  win  re  there  arc 
alwavs  shades  of  dill'erence,  are  verv  apt  to  be  so  in 
books.  To  nie,  there  was  a  never-ending  enjoyment 
ill  g.i/ing  on  the  coloring  of  a  Canadian  foiest  in  its 
.lulninn.d  gloiv.  and  observing  the  niodilicalions  of 
their  colors  proiluced  by  a  greater  or  less  distance. 
From  tile  imniediate  foreground  to  the  remotest 
point  there  was  a  scale  of  a  hundred  digrees.  Tlie 
irces  near  at  'laiid  were  of  .i  full  rose  or  orange  hue. 
and  every  leaf  a  piece  of  glittering  gold,  and  \et 
every  tree  had  something  that  disiingnislied  it  fioin 
all  the  rest,  and  althcnigh  tl:ere  were  only  leaves,  the 
colors  eipialed  those  of  a  tropic  .il  fores!  in  spring, 
when  it  is  covered  with  lilossoms.  r.irtlier  on,  the 
colors  were  melted  together  into  one  general  tint  of 
bright  pink,  then  a  little  blue  mingled  with  il,  and 
there  aiose  s<ver.il  softest  tones  of  lilac  :  soniclimes 
according  to  the  conditions  of  the  atmosphere,  the 
distant  woods  .iiipcired  of  ,i  deep  indigo,  and  then, 
perh.ips,  wouhl  interpose  a  little  island  of  glowing 
red-golr|  upon  an  a/.iirc  ground,  but  if  your  eye  fol- 
lowed the  line  of  forest  to  the  east,  the  colors  as 
well  as  tin;  trees  sliank  together,  and  a  great  wood 
of  leafy  o.ik.  elm  and  maide  would  look  like  a  low 
patch  of  reddish  heath." 

The  poet  Whittier,  in  describing  an  autum- 
nal scene,  strikinj^ly  aiijilicable  to  this  rej^ion, 
although  intended  tor  another,  says  : 

Heneath  the  westward-turning  eye 
.\  thousand  wooded  islands  lie  — 
Oetns  of  the  waters  '  —  with  each  lino 
Of  brightness  set  in  ocean's  blue. 
Kach  bi'.irs  aloft  its  tuft  of  trees 

Touched  by  the  pencil  of  the  frost, 
.And,  with  the  motion  of  each  bree/e, 


I 


H  I 


'! 


J40 


.;  sof  r/:.\/u  c/-  iiii   >  r.  i..n\-h'i  wci   lai  /  h\ 


A  moiiii  Ml  hccii  — a  iiioirn  iii  li)--!  — 
("h.iiinini;  .iiid  liU'iii.  coiifii-^i'd  aiiil  loosed, 
Tin'  liriHlucr  w\\\\  till-  d.iikcr  i  losscd. 
Tlulr  ili'yus.iiul  tints  nl  beamy  glow 


Down  In  tin'  ic^tlc--.-,  w.ivcs  lii'low. 
And  ti(  ndilc  in   (he  snnny  ^kii's, 
V-.  if  fioni  wavinj;  tumuli  to  Imnuli 
Klitttd  tlic  Inrds  of  paradise, 


'i         ( 


THE  ST.  LAWRENCE    REAL    ESTATE   ASSOCIATION. 


1^ 


!  i 


m 


'i'iii>  is  tliL'  naiii!'  (it  .III  isMii  i.itMiii  latch' 
org.ini/L'd  a  Alc\  nulri.i  B.iy.  iluU-  incurpor- 
ati'd  iliuk-r  the  l.uv^  of  tlic  St:iti-  ol"  Now 
Vork. 

'I'lu'  folUnvini;  ,iri-  the  utlK  cr--  tor  iSy,  : 

/•r.-slMlll. 

Wii.l.i  \M  V .  Hi;iiwsi\i.. 

;■,    -j'^.-jii.iit. 

v..  R.  II. MM  s, 

KllU  \KI'  W.   Ill  w  IV. 

Jh.       ,Vr., 

Wll  I   I  \\l    I  '.    HK'  iW  MS'..  ClI  \KI.I  >    I.    Ill    1 1^1  IN. 

(■||\i;li-<i    I''.\iii;n.  I  Wll  -  ( '.  Sii.Ni  I  k. 

\'.\<\\   \l:|i   W.    1)1  Wl  N  (il  .IK'.K  ('.    I<.  II  III  . 

I.,    k.    11'  'I  III   \  I  \MI—    II.    Ol.U  II  \N  I  . 

lii.'PK'.l  M.    I'l    I  I  \1  \N. 

Wll  I  1  \\|   (".  Mk'  'W\i\., 
I..  R    IImim  n, 

I'J'W   Mil'   W.    Dl  >\  I  N  . 

'I'lu'  oliiecls  lor  which  ihi^  \>so(  i.ilion  w,i^ 
lormfil  .irc  ,is  lolh  iw>  : 

I'  list.  I'd  imri  ii,i>c  ami  to  hold  and  oi  i  ii|)\, 
,ind  to  linv  and  sell  .ind  inortn.iLio,  or  to  Ir.iM', 
l.mils  and  real  estate  mi  the  shore  or  on  the 
islands  of  the  St.  Lawrence  ri\er.  ,md  to  th.it 
]iortion  of  said  river  known  as  "  I'he  Thous.ind 
Mands.'" 

Second  i'o  l,iy  oat.  iinproxe  and  lie.intitV 
said  land-,  and  real  est.ite  h\  tile  erection  .ind 
construction  thereon,  or  upon  |)ortions  theretjf, 
a  ciub-hoiis.-  or  c  asino,  and  cottages  and  other 
buildinL^s,  and  |»iers  and  wliaivo.  terrai  c-  and 


|i!e,isure  grounds,  for  the  use  and  oi  ciipation 
of  this  .issoeiation  or  other  |iersons,  or  of  i  lulis 
or  societies  organi/^ed  for  the  proinotion  .ind 
cultivation  of  social  enjo\  uient  and  recreation 
.IS  suiiiiiK-r  residents  of  the  St.  l.iurem  e  ri\er. 
among  said  Thousand  Islands,  to  whom  this 
.issoi  iation  may  sell  or  lease  said  lands  or  re.il 
estate. 

Third.  Kspecid  referem  e  is  hereliy  mide 
to  "The  Thousand  Isl.ind  ('hih,".in  imor- 
por.ited  associ.iiion  under  the  l.,iws  of  the 
.St.ite  of  New  \'ork,  of  which  the  undersigned 
are  members,  to  whom  the  s.iid  lands  and  re.il 
est, lie  [lurchased  .ind  improved,  or  portioiis 
thereof,  m.iy  be  le.ised  or  sold  by  this 
.issociation. 

The  amount  of  the  capital  stock  of  this 
.iss(iciation  sh.ill  be  twenty  thousand  dollars 
(^•o.ooo),  divided  into  two  hundred  (-'oo) 
shares,  of  the  |).ir  v.due  of  one  hundred  dol- 
l.irs  (,s;ioo)  e.ich,  .ill  of  whi>  h  sh.ill  be  c  oiii- 
iiion  stoi  k. 

The  loc.uion  of  its  prim  ipal  oftice  or  iil.u  e 
of  business  Is  in  the  vill.ige  of  .\le\,indri,i  l!a\-, 
wlieri'  the  stockholders,  ilirectors  ,ind  olti(  ers 
of  this  association  may  meet  and  trans. ict  their 
business,  ,is  m.iy  be  provided  ,ind  st.ited  in  the 
bv-laws  ol  this  .issoi  i.iiion,  or  ordered  bv  the 
directors  from  time  to  time. 

The  diir.ition  of  this  Association  sli.ill  be 
fifty  ye.irs. 

'I'lie  number  of  the  directors  of  The  St. 
Lawrence  Ri\er  Re.il  Kst.'te  .Association  shall 
be  nine,  e.uh  of  wIkuii  shall  be  ,i  stockholder. 
ha\  ini;  at  least  live  shares  of  stock. 


lit 


i 


^•'l! 


i-l- 

III 


Till,     rum  .N./.w;   y^s/.j.\ 


D   L/.  I  U. 


^43 


MEMBE 

.Nnnii, 

Kicli.ird  A.  Anlliony.  . 

(li'oryc  C.  Iloldt 

Will.  C.  Mrowninj^  .  .  .  . 

Henry  S.  Chaiuller 

Mi<  had  Cliaiinn')  .  , . . 

Alson  K.  Clark 

Riiyal  v..  Dcaiic 

Edward  W.   Diwcy  .  . . . 

t'harlcs  DohoIuil- 

Charles  Donohiie,  Jr.  . . 

I'Yancis  Donohiie 

Ri<  hard  H.  E,i;gkston  . . 

C:harles  G.  laiiory 

Charles  W.  lla(  heti. . . . 
John  L.  Ilashiouck .... 
Charles  11.  IIayd<.n  . . . . 
William  B.  Hayden  .... 
Henry  R.  Heath 

C.  K.  Hill 

i;.  R.  Holden     

Charles  1.  Hudson 

Xathaniel    W.  Hunt 

James  W.  Jackson 

I'red'k  L.   Kin;; 

Kgljcrt   I.eh'evie 

.Mortimer  G.  Lewis   .    .  . 

D.  C.  Mcllwen 

C.  A.  Meyers 

James  H.  Oliphant 

S.  T.  Pope    

Geo.  .\I.  Pullman 

(iilbert  S.   Rafferty   


RSHIP  OF   THE  THOUSAND   ISLAND   CLUB. 

.\lIIVI:     Mi;.M|;|.;k>. 

ki-shtcri»L-,  ,, 

•  ^''"\;'') '•"""  M'"iii^'nle.  Alexandria  1;. 

•  •^^'"'  ^'"k Waldorf   n,.tel. 

•  •^'^•^^-  '^■^"•k Hopewell    Hall,   AKxandri,.   Il,,v 

•  •'"■"o'<lyn llurence  Island,  ••      ' 

•  ';"'"l<ly" Culm  Mand, 

•  ^I'K^'in" Comlori    Island, 

•  •'^;"'  ^'"l- Mand  Royal, 

•  ■'^'-■^^'  ''"'■l- Dewey  Isle.  «« 

•'''^■'^'  ^'"'"'^ St.  J„i,n  Island. 

•  ^'^'^^^  ^■"'■'^ St.  John  Isl.md, 

^'^■"'  ^'"•■•^ St.  John  Island, 

•"^'-■^^    ^'"'k Idlewild, 

■''^'■."'  ^  "'■'^ <  '■'hnm-t  Mand.  (^layion.  .\.  \. 

^  '"'' St.   L.iwrence    Park. 

■^''■"'  ^'"'■'^ •. Manhattan   Island,  .Mexandria   i: 

<-^'''ii'i'>ii\  <"» Ha\den  Island, 

^'-'"^  Vork Hayden  Island!  " 

"'■""■^lyn NoM.y  Mand,  " 

'"'"''■',^" Wanwinet.  " 


n.   \.   V 
.  \.  V. 


v,  N.  \- 


.New  Viirk 
N'fw  \  ork 
liiookK  11  . 
Plainlkld, 
New  \'ork 
New  \'ork 
.\'ew  N'lirk 
llrookl)n 
\ew  York 


Tlioiisand  Island  Park. 

'I'lie  I,ed,-v.^.         -Ue.xandria    l!,iy, 

-St.  Kliiio  Island, 

■N-   J  .  .  .  .     Ke\\ayden,  " 

Hotel  Westminster,  " 

-Manhattan  Island,  " 

Ildtel  Westminster,  " 

Wildwoo(,l,  '< 

'f"!"-'  I'Vontenat,  Round  Island. 

^"■""•^'y" \emah-l!in,  .Mexandna  11, 

Ogdensburg Welcome  Island, 

<"•''' 'i,i^<' Castle  Rest  « 

PillshurL' 


.\.  Y. 


IV,  X.  Y. 


James  C.  Spencer 
Frank  II.  Taylor  . 
\V.  J.  Townsend  . 
Royal  C.  Vilas... 

K.  P.  Willnir South  lielhl 

•tl 


New  \'ork  .  . 
Philadelphia 
.New  \'ork     s 


Rest, 
i^le  Imperial,  «i 

Manhattan  Island,  " 

Shady  Ledge,  Round  Mand. 


Rollins  H.  Wilbur .South  I! 


W, 


A.  W 


ilbiir Soiill 


•^^■"'  \<'rK     Sunny  Side, 

New  York .  .  Resort  Island, 

eheii.  iport  Island, 

ietlileheiii,.  .  Sport  Island. 

1   llethlelieln.  . 


Alexandria   Mav,  \.  Y. 


iiori 


and 


H.  W.  lierl 


.\-s<H  I  Ml-;   M 


111 


New  \'ork 


Louis  Hasbrouck ...    Ogdi 


r.MIIKRS. 

Hotel  W 


nsbi 


rg- 


Hi 


estminsier,  .Mexindria  Hay,  V.  Y. 


n 


'  f 


guenot  Island, 


244 


m 


' ;   I 


) 


./  S()ri/:.\7A-  <.)/■■  nil.  SI.  /../;/ A7-..\(/.  i<i\  i-.k. 


ISLAND    DIRECTORY. 


Till  liillowiiiH  i"-  ii  '■111'  ifvisid  list  of  islands  and 
puinis,  Willi  ihcir  owiiits'  iiaiiifS,  from  ("1  avion  lo 
tJoosc  IJay,  on  llic  Ann.'iican  siili'; 

Ccmt'iu  Point.  liLMil  of  linndstoiu  Islanil.  owni^d 
by  W.  F.  Ford  and  ollii'is, 

(loose  Island,  two  aires,  owned  Ijy  i;.  S.  Hiooks, 
Urooklyn 

lien  Isl.ind,  one  half  aire,  owned  In-  \V.  I"  M.n- 
gaii,  New  S'ork. 

Oavitts'  Isl.md.  oiie-c|ii. liter  .icre,  owned  liy  II  ll. 
Davilts,  Now  York. 

Carioll  Island,  two  acres,  owned  li\  l.iines  .\, 
Clieney.  Syrac  use. 

MosidIhI  Isl.ind,  one-lialf  ai  le,  owned  \\\  d.  S. 
ilo|ikins.  Kansas. 

Uliiir  Isl.ind.  iwinly  aeres.  owned  by  I..  H  W.isli- 
burn.  New    York. 

Clinton  Isl.md.  .No,  i,  lifteen  ai  les,  owned  hy 
N.  S.  Seely.  New  York. 

(^linton  Island,  No.  2,  llirce  acies  owned  |p\  \.  S. 
Sei  ly,  New  York. 

(iovernor's    Island,  owned    by  Cliailes    (i.    Ijnerv, 
New  Yoik. 
,     (■aliiinel.  owned  byCliarles  (i.  I'.inorv,  New  ^  .nk. 

F.llieiidije,  head  of  Kcnind  Island,  owned  li\  |)i. 
(ieo.  I).  Wlialen,  Syracuse. 

Shady  l,edt;e,  near  fool  of  Round  Island,  ovmuiI 
by   Frank  R.  Taylor.  I'liil.idelplii  1,  I'.i. 

Hrooklyn  llei;;hls,  fool  of  Round  Island,  owned 
by  C.  S.  lolinson,  Hrooklyn. 

I.onj;  Rock,  one  .icre,  owned  bv  W.  F".  Wilson. 
Waterlown. 

Hemlock  Island,  Iweniv  ai  ris,  owned  |]\  \Y,  1". 
Porter  and  \V.  1".  Wilson,  W.iterlown. 

Stewart,  or  jellVrs  Island,  ten  ac  les,  owned  In 
I-;.  P.  Gardinei  and  tweU  e  ollieis,  SMaciise,  and  ollnr 
places. 

Two  in  Eel  M.iy,  two  acres,  owned  by  I)r,  i;.  1.. 
Sargent,  Walerlown. 

Twin  Islands,  one  acre,  owned  by  I.  I..  liiiniinn- 
ton,  Theresa. 

Watch  Island,  one  acre,  owned  bv  S.  I'.  Skinnei, 
New  York. 

Occident  and  Orient,  three  acres,  owned  by  V,.  .\. 
Robinson,  .New  York. 

Isle  of  Pines,  two  acres,  owned  bv  Mrs.  \'..  \. 
Robinson,  New  York. 

Frederick  Island,  two  acres,  owned  by  C  I,. 
Frederick,  Cartliaiie. 


Hay    Side,   one    acre,    owned    by    II.    F.    Mosl 
Watertowii. 

Riverside,    mainland,    one    acre,   owned    by   I    (".  ( 

Lee,  Goiiverneur.  ci,; 


Killain  Point,  in.iinl.ind.  one  ,ii  le,  owneil   bv   .Mr, 
Killian,  I.ockpoii.  .N.   N'. 

Ilollow.iy    Poini.     in.iiiil.ind.    one   .irre,  owned    bv 
N.  Ilollow.iy.   Oniai.  \.    Y 

Fisher's  l.aiidini;,   in.iinl.ind.  l»o  .n  les,  owned   liv 
Mrs.  R.  ("iiinn.  Om.ii.  N.  Y. 

Island    Home,    one    acre,   owned    by    Mis    S.    I) 
I  Iiiimi  rfoid.  .Nd.iins,  N.   Y. 

I  l.innoiiy,  one  ipi.iiter   .icre.  owned   bv    Mis     Hiir- 
gei.  Syi.iciise. 

W.iviiif;  Hranclies,  on  WeIN'  Ul.md,  owiii  il  bv  I), 
( '.  <  iiali,iin  and  nine  ollnis, 

Honnie    ICyrii-,    on    Wi  lU'    Isl.uid.    owned    bv  .Mis 
Peck,   lioonville.   \.    Y, 

'I'liioop's  Dock,  on  W'  lis'   Isl.ind.  owiiril   bv  Drs, 
('.   K    ,iiid   1)    S,  j.   I..iiinier.  N    Y. 

lolly  O.iks.  on  Wells'  Isl.ind,  Iwentv  acies.  owned 
by  joliii   I..   .Norton  and  others  from  (".iiih.ine, 

Hl.uicli    Isl.ui.l,    ten   .ures,    owned    bv  Mis.   .A.    M. 
Kemon,  W.iiertown. 

losepliine,    twenty   ,ii  res.    owned     by    Mis.    .\ ,    M. 
Kenyon,  W.iieilown 

CraiK-Sid.-.  Wills'  Isl.md.  owned  bv  II.  .\.  I.aiiKli- 
lin.  Pitlsbini;,  P.i. 

Coveil  Point,  Wells'  Isbiinl.  owiml  bv  li    j.   .\Iay- 
i-ock,  Hiill.ilo 

•  'aliiimi    |s|,iiid,   (me  half  acre,  owned   bv   Oliver 
!  I.  ( iiien,   liosion. 

\',iii    i'.Ulen.  one   acie.  owned    bvtien.    |.    li.   \'.in 
P.ilieii,  Cl.ivc  i.ick.  N.    \'. 

Point    \'ivi.in.    m.iinl.iiul.   len   acres,  owned   by  R. 
Toyer  .iiid  len  ollieis. 

I.iinliess,     one     ,icre.    owned    by     loliii    I.iiidiess, 
Jersey  ("ity. 

("edar    Isl.md.  one   ,icie,   owned    b\'    |.  M    Ciirlis, 
Cleveland.  ( ). 

Wild  Rose,  one  acre,  owned  by  Hon.  W.  (i.  Rose, 
Clevel.iml,  O, 

\llenh,iiiv   Point,   m.iinland.  one   acre,  owned    by 
I    S.  I.aney,  Pa. 

Plato,  two  .leres,  owneil  by  II.  R.  I  le.illi,  Hiookli  11. 

Seven    Isles,  live    acres,   owned    by   (ien.    Hr.idley 
Winslow,  W.itei'owii. 

I-onisiana  Point,  Wells'  Isl.ind,  three  acres  owned 
by  Hon.  n.  C.  Labatt,  New  Orleans. 

On  this    point    the   Lainbie    Hrolheis  have  elected 
( isi)4)  a  line  cottage. 

Hella    Vista    Lodt'e,   mainland,   three  .icies.   Win. 
Chisholm,  Cleveland,  O. 
ler.  .Nell   Mahbin    Island,   two  acres,  owned  by    lames 


II.  Oiliili.mt.  Hrooklyn. 

omiort  Isl.ind.  two  acres,  owned  bv  \.   V.   Clark, 


Is 


ii 


i's/.,L\/)  />/A'/:(-r<>A']\ 


245 


Warner's  IslamI,  onr  acre,  n«-iii',l  l,y  Mi^.  ||.  || 
Warner,  Koclicslir. 

Wanwiiicl  Islaiiil,  onclialf  acic,  ouMcd  l.vC  l' 
llill.Clii(,M«.), 

Kcway.liM.owrH.lln-  I.W.  [a<ks„n,l'laiiili,l,].  N.J. 
riil>a.  oiicairc,  owncil  by  M    ClLiiinccy.  Mrooklyii. 
Devil's  Ov.'ii.   one  acre,  owned    hy   II.  R.   Ilialli, 
Hnioklvii. 

SMinysule,  Clieiiy  Islan.l,  live  acres.  U,  v.  (.ecine 
Kni  kvvell,  Tarrylown. 

Melrose  Lodtje.  CliiTry  Maiul.  ,nvnid  l,v  A.  H. 
I'lillriian  estate,  Clijcayo. 

In^deslde,  Cherry  Island,  cuviied  liv  Mrs.  (i.  H, 
M.irsh,  Chlcani). 

Stuyvesani  L()dj.o,  Cherry  Island,  ou-ned  i,y  [.  T. 
Kaslon,  Hionklvti. 

Safe  I'.iini,  Wells'  Island,  four  .i.r.s.  K,.v.  K.  ||. 
I'lillinan.   H.iliimore. 

I'ullinan  Island,  thiee  acres,  ouiicil  l,v  (.co.  .M. 
I'ldliiiari,  Chlcajjo. 

Nol.hy  M.md,  thieu  acres,  owned  l.v  II.  k.  Heath, 
Hrooklyn. 

I-Ulle  .\nyel,  one-(|narler  acre,  owned  hy  W.  .\. 
Aliuell,   Chicago. 

i;d«ewood  I'ark,  (liiity  acres,  owned  l,v  S.  \V. 
Sessions,  Cleveland,  (). 

|-.d>,'ewood  Point,  one  acre,  owned  hv  (;.  C.  .Mai. 
tin.  Waterlown. 

West  \'iew.  one  aire,  owned  hy  S.  (J.  I'ope, 
Ot,'(lenshurK. 

Welcome,  one  acie.  owned  hv  S.  C.  l'o|,e, 
OKdcnshuifi. 

Fiiendly  Isl.irnl.  three  acres,  owned  hv  K.  \V, 
Dewey,  New  \ Oik. 

Linlithgow,   one-half   acre,  owned    liy   Mm.   R.     \ 
I.ivinjrston,  New  Voik. 

I'lorence,  two  ..cies,  owned  hy  II.  S.  Chandler, 
New  York. 

St.  i:inu),  three  acies,  owned  hy  N.  W.  limit, 
Hrooklyn. 

Felesneck,  owned  hy  I'.of.  ,\.  (;.  Hopkins  Clj,,. 
Ion.  N.  V. 

I'oinl    Lookout,    one  acre,    owned    bv    Miss  S    I 
Hiillock,  .Adams. 

Viliila  Point,  one-half  acie,  owned  by  ('apt.  F. 
D.iiia. 

Isle  Imperial,  one  acre,  owned  by  (;.  T.  Ratlerlv, 
I'illslnirfj. 

I'ern  Island,  one  acre,  owned  by  J.  Winslow, 
W.iiertown. 

Hart's  Island,  five  acres,  owneil  by  F.  K.  Hart's 
t'slate,  Albion,  N.   V. 

Deshler,    lifteen    acies,  owned    bv  W.  G.  Deshler 
f-oliimbiis  (). 

Netts,  one  acre,  owned  hy  Wm.  H.  Ilavden, 
<  oliimbiis,  (). 

Monny  Castle,  fifteen   acies,  owned    bv  .Mrs.    |.  <; 
lloll.ind,  New  Vork. 


Crescent    Coiiasrc..    „.„    .,^,.rv^,  ,nv„ed    bv    M.    Van 
Wayoner,  .\'i>w  Vork. 

I'oini    Maruneiite,  thirty  acies,  owned    bv  .Mrs    F 
Anthony,  New   S'ork. 

The   LedKes,  owned    by    Mrs    C     [.  ||„dson,  New 
\  ork . 

LoiiK    Ml  and),   ten   acres,    owned    hy    Mrs.    C.   F. 
'I.irk.  Waterlown. 

-NLiidi.iit.m  Island,  five  acres,  owned  bv  Hon.  I.C. 
Spencer.  .New  Nork. 

•\Liple   Island,  si.-c  acres,  owneil   bv  John  L.   Ilas- 
bronck,  .New  N'ink. 

St.  John  Island,  six  acres,  owned  bv  Hon.  Charles 
<>.  Donoluie,  .New  Vork. 

Fairyland  Island,  twenty  acres,  owned  hv  Charles 
•ind  Willi,,,,,  |{.   Hayden.  Cdnnibiis.  o. 

Little    Ftand    Island,  one  half 'acre,  owned    bv    K 
H.    I'ease,  New  Vork. 

HuKuenol    Island,  two  acres,   owned    hy    L.   Has- 
bronck,  OKdensburK. 

Kesorl  Island,  ihiee  a-es,  owned  hv  W.  [.  Lewis 
l'iltsbnr«. 

Deer  Island.  Iwentv  aces,  owned  bv  (Jeo  D 
•MiliiT,  New  Vork. 

Island  .Mary,  two  acres,  owned  bv  .Mrs.  L.  I'.dmer 
Carthajie,  Dakota. 

Walton  Island,  seven  acres,  owned  N.  (.  Robin- 
son, .New  ^■ork. 

Mlewild.  fonr  .icies,  owned  hv  Mrs.  R  H  FcrLrles 
ton.  New  Vork.  '  ' 

Sport  Island,  fonr  acres,  owned  bv  F.  P.  Wilbur 
•Maiich  Chunk,  I'a. 

Little  Lehifrh,  one  acre,  owned  bv  R.  11  Wilbur 
Hethlehem,   I'a. 

Summerside.  two  acres,  owned  bv  VV.  Stevenson 
Sa\re,   I'a. 

Sunin.erland,  (en  .acres,  owned  by  Surnmerland 
.Xssoci.ition,   Rochester. 

Arcadia  and  Ina  Islands,  l\vc  acres,  owned  by  S. 
•A-  Hri^irs.  Ne^v  Vo,k. 

Spuyte,!  Duyvel,  one  acie,  owned  by  Alice  P.  .Sar- 
fe'ent,  .New  Vork. 

Doiijilass,  five  acres,  owned  bv  Douglas  .Miller 
.New  Vork. 

Kit  lirafton,  one  half  acre,  owned  by  .Mrs.  S.  L 
Ceorge.  Waterlown. 

Lookout,  two  acres,  owned  by  Thos.  H.  Mordin. 
New  Vork. 

Flla,  one-half  acre,  owned  by  R.  F.  Ilutigerford, 
Waterlown. 

Little  Charm,  one-(|uarter  acre,  owned  hy  .Mrs.  F. 
W.  Marker,  Alexandria  Hay. 

Frost,  two  acres,  owned  hy  .Mrs.  S.  L,  Frost, 
Waterlown. 

Excelsior  Group,  five  acres,  owned  by  C.  S.  Good- 
^virl,  .New  Vork. 

.Sylv.in  and  Moss  Islands,  three  acres,  owne.l  by 
S,   r.  Woolworlh,  Waterlown. 


V. 


.rir, 


/    '•i>rr/  \/A'  -'/     //// 


I'.li'lili.inl   Uo.  U,  oii...|ii,iilri   .i<  re.  mviicil  Ip\     I      i 

I    hlUfllilcH.    W.IICI  law  II. 

Sum  lie. Mil  ( iiiMi|..  in.i   .icn-    mmi,!  \,\  1 1.  I',  |'|i,  l.m. 

W.llCIInu  II 

Alii  (.'.    IWM  .1.   Ir^.   OVllll'il     tiv'l.l.      \       I.    (     ,1-^1        Siw 

Viiik. 

Sl'InKlllrl  .    M\    ,|rtr>,    lUVIlf  i|     \i\     |.    \      \Vllilr||iiN-i 

Nrw  Ynrk  . 


I.ixl  <il'  l*ti<>|-ol)i*'<'v  iiiiiiiii;;  I  he  i'll4>i|siiiii| 

IxlillKU.    )lll|-(IIU    Ml)'    ScilsOII. 

riiiiis  i-iiiiiiii>tiiiiL'  isi.iiiii. 

t   l.M  Ion, 

kiiiiinl  Island  (summer  mih  I. 

Ill  lUMI'H's  ISIIIIIIIII'I    lllllvl. 

'I  lidusaiul  Ishml  I'.iik. 

li-lii'i  's  I. .1  ml  111;;. 

Si.   1.,uvii'IU-:'  I'.iik  isuiiiiii(.'i  milv  i. 

I'miiiI   \'.viaii  I  •-uiiiiiiri  null  '. 

\V(— iiiiiii'-l(  r  I'aik  i^iiiiiiuii  nnl\  i. 

.All  Nail. hi. I  Hay. 

tjr.ind  \'ic\v  I'.uk  (--iimiiiili  milvi. 


'raltlt'    1)1'    l>ist:)ii)-cs    I'iMtiii     \lf\:iii<lriii 

ltii.\. 

T'l   .M'Miiu  .il I  |->  mil,'. 

'I'l   I  l^'li  iivliiii;;    ;(. 

I  II   Moiiisinu  ;i L>4 

lu   Hl.H  kviilc 24 

I II  '   III  ,>;  I  w.i  li.n 12 

1 1>  r.iiiii  \'r.  i.iii 2 

I'll  St.   I,.nvii  111  !•    I'.ii  k    i 

III  1*  nit'  \'ic\v , I) 

III    I.   I.   I'.iik - 

To  I'l-liLi^'   l..imliiiy - 

In   I'ullm.lll    I  Iniiso -i 

In  (iiaiul  \'i(\v  I'.II  k 12 

I II  knuiiil  Nl.iml |,, 

I  I)   (    I.n  lull 12 

III  l'iii-;iii  I    I'.iik    12 

111    Ul  \"i  I  view 2* » 

In  I  aiUimi  Nlaml 2 ! 

I  u  (..'.i|ii'  \'im,iMil a"* 

I  n  (  i.lli:illi)i|lli- I,) 

I  n    l\  illL:-.|clll     -5  J 

'In   \i  VI,    \'ork jjl 

In   liuslnn j-j,^ 


^ 


■-  /    /  .1 11/:/  \(  /    Av;  /A'. 

I'd  riiil.ii|cl|iliia 117  mill"; 

I  11  Sll  .IKly.l 2  ii)  " 

TM('ll|i.li;n    S|2  " 

I'll   Nl.lU.lia    I'.llN 21,^ 

III    liilDMlii ...  !•<;  " 

I  n  S\  lai  llSf I  22 

I  n   I    lica 11,,  •■ 

I'll   Km  llrsiii 211  " 

\   l'«'\\   "lionl's"  I'tif  l':\riirsMiiii>l>. 

I ''  1^   I     111     in  Inn  j;ii   II  .1  lull  I  \,  VI)  II  uill  HI  I  .iliim; 

IM-H-l  . 

h'N'l  lllsll  In  -ll  1.11  1,0,11,1  llli  sll  .mill  lllllll  Ihi- 
lul^Ni'lmfis  .III-  nil.  .mil  tin  II  Vnll  I.III  iiVt  oil  l.n.llil 
Ullllnlll    lllsliiu^J 

Di'Si  |iu-li,  ami  jam,  ami  rinwil.  rilliiT  111  gniii;; 
a'~linir  111  .ilin.iril.  Mill  oiilv  lilmlci  ami  ilil.n, 

Oiis'i  -io|,  lo  i,'ossi|.  on  I'm  1;. Illy. 1. 1. ink.  il  lilorks 
llii'  |ias-.ii:c  .iml  ilihn^  nilicis. 

Di'N'I'  .11  t  .IS  lllnu;;ll  Mm  lllnllnlil  lli.il  nihil  |.in|,li 
ll.lil   nil  uulllS  ullii  11   \nll    will'  liiiuilil    In   lrs|iLi  |. 

|)||\'l  Ar[  ,is  lllnliull  Mm  In  Inllli  lo  llic  yilllls  Slls, 
11--!   |iro|iIc  lirlirM     il 

DiiN'i  CloVVil  In  lIll-  fniw.llil  |i,ill  nf  lllc  l.o.ll;  llii- 
.illii   |.,iil  |i.issis  the  vaiiir  oliji  I  IS  of  mil  trsl. 

Diis'l  -l.iml  ii|i,  ^n  ill. II  iliii^i-  li.ii  k  ol  yon  c.iii  -rr 
iinlliin;;       il  !■- I  Alirim  K   ill    m.inmuil 

l)ii\'i  II V  lo  uallici  ill  .ill  llir  casv  I  li.iiis  jusi  (m 
yolll    |i,ll  l\         il   Innks  SI  II1..I1. 

I'liN  r  111  ,  niiiinn.illv  i;i  nmliliii^;,  mhi  .iniin\  nlliris 
ami  lin  \  mil  ni.-1  1*  m  1  ^ooil. 

I  )on'  1  Ik-  Inn  11  llii. 1 1  .ilioiil  lllr  I  iiiiiil  111;  nf  llif  lin.il ; 
ill  all   |iinl,.il)ilin  ,  ilii.^r  wlm  |i.i\  c  iliaiyr  of    it  .lie  as 

well    illfnimi  i|    in    Iry.llil    In    llllll    liuslliiss  .is   Mill    ,llr. 

I)iin"i  liii.ilc  an  rm|iloM'  bci  aiise  of  some  f.iiilt 
ynii  lliink  llii'  coiiip.iny  has  cumiiiitlcd  -it  is  iiKori 
sisteiil. 

l)iiNi  l.iil  In  ircal  nthi'ts  with  tli.il  cniisidfialinn 
with  ulllill  ynll  unlllil  llkr  Inh.lVr  lllllll  licit  Mill, 
.mil  thin  .til  will  uo  will. 

\'nii  li.iM'  nlifii  111, ml  il  saiti  ill, It  sill  h  .1  line 
"  I  i.Milil  In:  .1  iiiiuli-iiian,  if  lie  rhni-f;  "  ynii  inay  risl 
,is-.iiitil  ili.ii  if  any  om-  can  In-  .i  ni-ntlemaii  im  lath  1 
111-  III  shf  IS  |irttt\  tilt. nil  to  lit-  one;  sn  wlitn  on  an 
1  Allusion  Ihin'i  Ik;  anylhiii;;  tise,  lest  pcoplf  thiiik- 
\n^  ih.il  Mill  can  lit-  lull  will  not.  attiihute  youi 
ariion  III  imic  ami  iiiiailullfialtil  "  cussedrifss." 
and  tical  you  accuidingly. 


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EARLY  RECOLLECTIONS  OF  ALEXANDRIA  BAY. 


I'V    Wll  1  lAM    KAVtI.,     KSi.i  ,     (n     SI,     l.Oll- 


M(>. 


/Si  l,i;X.\N!)RI.\  MAY,  wlu-n  I  first  knew  it, 
*  t  jti^t  lu'lnrc  tliL-  fxisteiK  o  of  ritilroads  in 
the  liiiti.'tl  States,  was  a  place  of  small  import- 
aine.  It  was  a  depot  for  the  back-country 
merchants  and  new  settlers  who  sent  iiimi)er, 
staves  and  iiotasli,  prin<  ipally  for  shipment  to 
the  (Quebec  market,  and  returned  with  dry 
^  )()ds,  salt,  etc  ,  for  the  village  stores.  Kx(e|)t 
ri\  er  transportation,  the  place  was  side-tracked 
MH  the  landward  side  by  tiie  most  abominable 
loads,  almost  im|passable  in  the  sjirinj;  and 
f.ill,  so  that  for  years  butter  and  cheese  and 
iitiuT  (  ountry  produce  were  under  the  control 
of  < ontraclors,  forw.-rded  to  Watertown  and 
S.n  kets  Harbor,  it  is  true,  over  i)etter  roads, 
but  a  much  longer  route.  ( )wing  to  its  iso- 
l.itetl  situation,  the  Hay,  which  within  a  few 
years  has  attained  a  magical  growth  antl  be- 
(  o;ne  the  central  attraction  of  the  mo.it  popu- 
lar suimner  resort  in  .America,  was,  at  the 
lime  mentioned,  unfrequented  l)y  the  tide  of 
|ileasure  seekers,  except  ])erhaps  a  few  local 
hshermen.  'I'lie  mode  of  transportation  was 
then  by  stage-coach  and  canal.  The  world 
of  fashion  resorted  to  Saratoga  Springs,  the 
(.'atskill  .Mountain  Mouse,  Niagara  Falls,  and 
some  favorite  sea-siile  resorts  nov,-  seldom 
heard  of.  The  most  famous  resorts  and  water- 
ing jilaies  were  brought  into  journalistic  noto- 
riety by  letter  writers,  some  wielding  grac  eful 
pens,  as  N.  1'.  Willis  in  the  New  York  Mirror, 
and  Willis  C.aylord  Clark,  the  "Ollapod  "  of 
the  Knickerbocker  Magazine.  Some  of  these 
descriptions  were  extensively  cojiied,  and 
showed  the  advantages,  as  one  mf)de  of  judi- 
cious advertising,  in  turning  tlie  tide  of  travel 
and  posting  the  public  on  the  charms  and 
striking  beauties  of  the  places  described. 
1    first    saw    Alexandri.i    Hay   in    1832,    the 


cholera  of  that  year  having  stiuck  (,)uebcc, 
the  earliest  outbreak  of  the  dread  pestilence 
on  the  continent,  and  then  following  up  the 
St.  Lawrence,  it  visited  Kingston  anil  the 
large  cities,  leaving  the  Hay  entirely  untouched. 
'I'he  village  (ontained  about  a  dozen  frame 
dwellings  and  shops,  scattered  promiscuously 
among  the  granite  knolls  and  level  grounds, 
wherever  a  favorable  site  offered.  The  only 
store,  a  red  frame  structure,  owned  by  John  W. 
Fuller,  was  at  the  steambo.it  landing  on  the 
lower  point  jutting  into  the  Hay.  The  cmly 
tavern,  a  weather-worn  frame  structure,  at  tie 
end  of  the  main  street,  leading  to  the  right  on 
entering  the  village,  was  kept  by  Smith.  The 
front  was  marked  by  a  (light  of  wooden  stairs 
that  led  to  the  bar-room.  This  imjiortant 
feature,  like  all  country  bar-room^,  had  the 
upper  portion  of  the  bar  shielded  from  out- 
side intrusion  by  a  grating  of  round  wooden 
rods,  through  which  coiilil  be  seen  a  row  of 
flint-glass  decanters,  surmounted  by  heavy 
stopi)ers  of  the  same  material.  The  upper 
shelf  had  round  glass  jars,  containing  sticks  of 
ribbon-colored  candy  and  Jackson  bails. 

'I'he  edibles  consisted  of  small  c  rackers  (two 
for  a  cent),  then  in  universal  use,  and 
"  cookies,"  a  second  cousin  of  the  popular 
ginger-cal.e.  \  box  of  dried  licrrings  was 
also  temptingly  displayed  to  satiate  the  pangs 
of  appetite,  especially  when  irrigated  by 
draughts  of  strong  licpior.  On  wooden  pegs 
in  the  proper  i)lace  were  hung  yellow  sl'Mpers 
for  the  retiring  guests  at  bed-time.  Tavern 
customs  and  the  empire  of  fashion  have  very 
materially  changed  since  those  pristine  days. 
The  open  tavern  shed,  witli  a  loft  for  hay  and 
oats  over  head,  was  located  on  the  Hay  at 
the   extreme  end  of  the  street.      Hetween  the 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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t;i\LTn  and  llu'  store  o\\  tin-  water  tront,  was  a 
lar^ie  woodi'ii  warclioiisc  in  wliicli  the  goods, 
sliipped  to  (oiintiy  mci(  hauls  were  stored 
until  called  for.  in  tlie  ojien  si)aces  near  llie 
warehouse  imniense  pilesof  staves  and  lunilier 
were  cortled  ii]i,  awaitiiii;  shipment,  and  con- 
stituted (jiiite  a  t'e.iture  in  the  river  commerce 
of  the  place. 

In  my  early  recollections  of  tin-  scenery  1 
recall  with  curious  interest  the  intensely  sea- 
green  color  of  the  waters  of  the  I'.ay,  and  the 
beautiful  disjilays  of  graphic  granite  sometimes 
seen  in  the  rounded  granite  knobs. 

The  arrival  of  a  steamer  at  the  wharf  in 
rear  of  I'liller's  store  was  always  an  event 
that  enlivened  the  drowsy  (|uietude  of  the 
vdlage.  .\  fe\v  passengers  would  usually  step 
on  sliore  to  ease  their  sea-legs,  but  the  most 
imiiortant  personage  was  tiie  faultlessly-dressed 
clerk  of  the  steamer  who  stood  on  the  wharf, 
with  a  lot  of  invoices  in  his  hand  noting  down 
or  checking  the  discharge  and  shipment  of 
freight.  'I'o  tlie  boyish  faiK  y  he  was  an  envied 
indivichial,  a  stujiendous  ot'ticial  ( haracter, 
through  whose  deft  fingers  all  business  transac- 
tions between  the  shore  and  steamer  had  to  be 
transmitted  before  the  boat  could  leave  the 
wliarf.  Sometimes  a  glimpse  was  obtained  of 
singular  i)eo|»le  and  outre  characters,  emi- 
grants from  foreign  lands,  making  their  way 
towards  the  illimitable  West.  .\l  a  period 
somewh.it  later  I  saw  twenty  or  thirty  young 
Fren(  h  Canadians  land  from  an  up-bound 
steamer.  They  were  a  lusty  looking  set  of 
youths  in  robust  health,  hardy  visage,  well 
developed,  athletes  in  strength  and  physical 
symmetry  of  form.  They  were  dressed  in  fine 
new  suits,  rather  flashy,  and  wore  their  boot- 
legs outside  uj)  to  the  knees,  bound  on  top 
with  red  morocco,  with  fluttering  tassels  dang- 
ling therefrom.  These  adventurous  young  men 
had  left  their  homes  at  C'hambly,  St.  Johns 
and  .\h)ntreal,  and  were  bound  fordreen  May, 
thence  to  the  fur-trading  town  of  St.  F.ouis, 
Somethirty  years  afterwards,  while  accompany- 
ing the  Indian  Peace  (..'ommissioner  among 
the  Sioux  of  the  Upper  Missouri,  I  en- 
countered an  Indian  interjireter,  who,  as  near 
as  time  and   place  could   be   indentificd,  was 


one  of  the  pai'.y  seen  at  .Me\:inibia  li.iy  at  the 
periotl  mentioned.  This  man,  like  all  the 
Frencli  Canadian  traders  and  interpreters,  had 
an  Indian  wife  and  a  numerous  i)rogeuy.  Our 
interjireter  abandoned  his  Indian  wife  and 
married  a  respectable  white  girl  at  North 
Platte  —  Ceneral  Sherman  and  the  other  com- 
missioners being  invited  to  attend  the  wedding. 
The  relatives  of  the  old  squaw  came  to  kill  the 
inter|u\ter's  hoises  in  revenge  for  his  deser- 
tion of  the  once  attractive  and  duvk\  maiden 
of  his  youthful  days. 

Alexanilria  Bay  was  slow  .n  coming  to  the 
front  as  a  fishing  resort,  owing  to  the  adverse 
causes  mentioned.  In  this  respei  t,  tor  several 
years,  Theresa,  in  the  same  townshi]),  rather 
took  tlie  lead.  The  stream  at  that  then  remote 
\illage  abounded  in  the  spring  with  mullet, 
and  throughout  the  season  that  king  t)f  the 
piscatory  trilx',  the  muscalonge,  came  iiji  the 
Indian  River,  to  the  falls  at  Theresa,  ami  was 
taken  with  the  spear  or  trolling  spoon.  The 
Sixberries  had  long  beaten  uj)  the  ground,  and 
the  Indian  River  with  its  tributary  lakes,  be- 
came the  paradise  of  the  hunter,  trapper  and 
fisherman.  Theresa,  as  the  heaihpiarters  for 
the  outfit  of  boats  and  fishing  tackle,  came 
into  note,  and  was  made  popular  by  the  an- 
nual excursions  down  the  river  from  that 
point,  of  .Mr.  Norris  M.  Woodruff,  of  Water- 
town,  ;ind  his  friends,  who  brought  with  them 
l.oren  Soper,  an  old  fisherman  acipiainted 
with  the  ground,  and  then  the  keeper  of  the 
I'nited  States  .\rsenal  at  Watertown.  There 
was  a  f.iscination  amid  the  scene  antl  haunts 
of  nature,  in  the  wild  scenery  and  freedom 
from  the  publi(-  ga/e  in  a  jaunt  of  this  kind, 
that  a  large  river,  open  to  all  the  world,  did 
not  possess.  No  man  enjoys  reading  iiis 
newspaper  in  the  thronged  thoroughfares. 

In  spite  of  these  little  rivalries  of  neighbor- 
ing fishing  resorts,  Alexandria  Hay,  in  no 
s])irit  of  jealousy,  abideil  its  time.  The  fame 
of  its  waters  in  yielding  abimdance  of  [jickerel 
and  muscalonge  to  the  sportive  fishermen,  be- 
came extended  fiir  and  wide.  Of  the  last 
named  fish  it  was  reported  that  a  big  one,  the 
real  sockdoger,  had  been  (  aptured  by  an  ama- 
teur sportsman  from  Syracuse,  aiul  that  in  his 


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EARi.v  Ri:c)i.i.i:crio\s  ni-  Ai.i-SAxnKiA  hay. 


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vain  nlory  lie  liad  a  full-lcngtli  picliUL'  of  him- 
self taken  by  an  artist,  with  the  hig  fish,  lu-ld 
U])  by  the  j^ills,  painted  by  his  side. 

In  due  time  the  Hay  jjecanie  the  resort  of 
some  famous  nien,  ant!  it  is  !)ut  repeatinj^  a 
twice-told  tale  to  state  tliat  among  these  noted 
characters  were  Silas  Wright  and  Martin  \'an 
Uuren.  Of  these  two  distinguished  men,  I 
may,  in  passing,  be  permitted  to  mention  a 
phase  of  their  personal  trails.  Old  fishermen 
tell  of  the  generosity  of  Silas  Wright,  in 
(juietly  sli[)i)ing  into  their  hands,  on  returning 
from  a  trip,  a  liberal  "  tiji,"  while  Mr.  Van 
Duren,  less  thoughtful,  to  put  it  mildl\'.  ne\er 
exceeded  the  exact  sum  stipulated  in  the  con- 
tract by  dis[)ensing  the  expe<'tetl  doucer  to  his 
boatmen. 

It  is  probable  that  political  friendship,  as 
well  as  the  genial  hospitality  of  the  host. 
rather  than  the  fish,  drew  these  great  men  t(j 
the  Hay.  The  Waltons  stood  high  in  social 
distinction  throughout  that  sei  ti-m.  I  am 
s[)eaking  from  boyhood  impressions.  Thev 
were  the  first  in  a  small  town,  and  in  the 
neighboring  villages  were  regarded  as  su- 
l)erior  beings.  Their  arrival  at  Theresa  on  a 
transient  visit  ]irodiiced  a  sensation,  among 
the  younger  people  especially.  The  head  of 
this  f.imily,  Mr.  A/ariah  Walton,  I  regarded 
as  a  grand  old  man.  by  whom  1  was  always 
treateil  with  kindness  and  coiirlesv.  At  his 
store,  I  frequently  saw  his  massive  figure 
seated  behind  the  counter  employed  in 
thumping  some  refractory  substance  into  use 
for  trolling  spoons. 

'i"he  shelves  in  tiie  rear  were  garnished  with 
lines,  hooks,  bright  brass  spoons  (Uiil  other 
lishing  tackle.  In  one  corner  was  seen  a  for- 
est of  fishing  poles,  some  of  these  being  sus- 
pended by  wooden  supports  overhead,  like 
the  old-time  rille  on  liooks,  in  the  iiunter's 
cabin.  In  the  winter  section,  skates  were 
suspended,  showing  that  a  demand  for  these 
articles  could  be  sui)|)lied  at  all  seasons. 

Mr.  Walton  was  collector  of  customs  for 
the  i)ort.  He  never  disparaged  the  duties  of 
the  otfice,  and  spoke  with  jiride  of  liis  success 
in  (becking  and  finally  putting  an  end  to 
smuggling,    that    formerly    prevailed    to    the 


detriment  of  the  goverment.  He  once  told  me 
that  the  revenue  collected  from  customs  in 
the  (!ape  \'incent  district,  to  which  he  was 
attached,  exceeded  in  amount  that  collected 
in  any  other  port  of  the  riiite<l  States,  as  the 
f)fti(  ial  figures  would  \  erify.  He  was  withal  a 
warm  i)olitical  partisan,  tlit;  leading  Democrat 
in  that  section,  and  though  his  mercantile 
partner.  John  W.  Fuller,  was  a  |)ronounced 
Whig,  no  disputes  on  that  score  seeming  to 
disturb  their  business  relations.  iJut  to  his 
outsitle  political  oii[)onents  he  was  not  spar- 
ing in  his  jibes  and  sarcastic  hits  at  their  ex- 
pense. With  what  unction  would  the  words 
"  VN'hig  "  and  "  Whiggery  "  roll  from  his 
tongue,  in  contemptuous  tones  and  in  utter 
depreciation  of  the  claims  of  that  young  and 
growing  party. 

in  those  anti-Masonic  and  early  Whig  days. 
the  election  was  held  on  three  successive  days 
in  "-eparate  i)recincts.  'I'heresa  was  then  at- 
ta(  lied  to  the  town  of  .Alexandria,  and  when 
the  election  was  held  in  that  precinct, 
Mr,  Walton  always  came  up  in  full  force,  a 
dreaded  o|)ponent,  in  liis  withering  gibes,  to 
the  leading  Whigs,  S<piire  Nathan  M.  I'lower, 
.\nson  Ranney  and  Henjamin  Still.  The  di- 
vi^ion  (jf  the  town  at  length  gave  these  good 
men  a  rest.  Amid  his  multifarous  business 
and  official  duties,  Sipiire  Walton  found  leis- 
ure to  c(jurt  the  poetical  muse.  He  com- 
posed campaign  songs,  -.vliich  were  never 
written  out  or  read;  one  of  these  he  recited 
to  me,  the  burilen  of  which  extolled  in  the 
liopular  rhymes  of  that  d.iy,  "  'I'lie  h'avorite 
S(]n  of  Kinderhook." 

In  closing  this  imperfect  sketch  of  a  notable 
man,  I  desire  to  add,  that  although  a  violent 
partisan,  lie  was  a  [jatriotic  lover  of  his  coun- 
try. When  the  Mexican  war  broke  out,  he 
everywhere,  in  and  out  of  season,  denounced 
the  opposition  to  President  I'olk  and  tlie  war, 
declaring  that  it  was  unpatriotic  in  private 
individuals  and  bar-room  ranters,  to  cpiestion 
the  right  or  wrong  of  the  war,  when  the  honor 
of  tlie  country  was  at  stake. 

His  eldest  son,  George  Walton,  followed  in 
the  footsteps  of  his  father,  as  a  politician,  and 
as  his  active  life,  too  early  cut  off  by  tiie  fell 


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.4  .s-()rr/:.\/A'  i)/'  riir  sr  i  \wri:xi1'  K/rrh-. 


destroyer,  coiiies  within  the  peridd  under 
consideration,  a  word  may  be  added.  Much 
mii^iit  he  said  in  praise  of  this  lientienian  who 
bore  "  tlie  mould  of  beauty  and  of  form,"  hut 
one  incident  only  will  be  };iven,  illustrative  of 
tlie  times,  inhisconnection  with  "  general  train- 
ing day,"  that  great  event  of  mustering  b.itt.il- 
ions  and  parody  on  grim  war.  always  looked 
forward  to  by  wondering  youths  and  ginger- 
bread-vendors as  a  gala  day,  now  gone  into 
desuetiuie,  and  is  only  a  memf>ry  <jf  the  jiasi. 
tieorge  Walton  was  the  colonel  (jf  a  militia 
regiment  ;  and  his  ])rolher-in-la«,  Cieneral 
Archibald  Fisher,  commander  of  the  brigade, 
transferred  the  genera!  muster,  from  .\ntwcr]i. 
where  it  assembled  from  time  immemorial,  to 
Theresa.  Col.  \Valton,  as  the  r.mking  officer, 
superintended  the  customary  evolutions,  and 
towards  evening  he  headed  the  jierspiring 
troops  in  their  march  from  the  Cooper  farm, 
where  the  muster  was  held,  to  the  village. 
The  militia  companies  were  halted,  and  on  be- 
ing massetl  in  regulation  order  for  dismissal, 
the  gallant  colonel  in  a  grandiose  spee<h,  not 
unmixed  with  a  quiet  undercurrent  of  humor, 
wislied  the  men  a  safe  return  to  tlieir  liomes, 
their  waiting  wives  and  children,  and  capjjed 
the  climax  of  dismissal  by  designating  thj 
brigade  as  "  soldiers  of  the  great  American 
Army." 

As  if  to  add  to  tlie  ludicrous  character  of 
the  scene,  an  auctioneer  from  the  (Juaker 
settlement,  named  Kirkbright,  who  had  been 
vending  gingerbread  during  the  day,  brought 
forward  for  sale  a  menagerie  of  wild  and  lame 
sugar  animals.  Having  disposed  of  the  ele- 
phants at  a  fair  valuation,  he  then  held  up 
between  his  thumb  and  finger  a  twcj-cent 
rooster,  with  red  comb  and  gills,  about  the 
size  of  a  small  ball  of  yarn.  The  bids  started 
at  one  cent,  with  no  raise  for  some  lime, 
when  the  auctioneer  shouted  forth  indignantly, 
"  Soldiers  of  the  American  Army  !  How  can 
you  stand  idly  by,  with  arms  in  your  hands, 
and  see  property  thus  sacrificed  in  the  market 
place  ? " 

Recurring  to  matters  at  the  Bay,  I  once,  on 
a  visit  there,  met  with  an  enjoyable  incident, 
characteristic  of  the  chronic  characters  that 


one  irciiiicnily  mrci>  uiiii.  I  was  attracted 
by  two  gcnllcnien  in  lr(jnt  of  the  hotel,  whf) 
a|ipeared  hotly  engaged  in  a  religious  disc  us- 
sion,  -the  one  a  skeptic  ;  the  otlier,  whom  I 
took  to  be  .1  leliuiou-- enthusiast  bythe  warnilh 
uith  which  he  supported  his  side  of  the  argu- 
nienl.  Ciftcd  in  speech,  he  overwhelmed  his 
antagonist  with  a  torienl  of  excellent  advice, 
as  well  as  sound   argument. 

The  revert-nd  gentleman  proxed  to  be  the 
Re\-.  r.  ('.  Ile.idley,  the  author  of  a  populai 
"  l.il'e  of  the  I'linpress  Josephine."  He  was 
then  quite  a  young  looking  man.  He  in- 
I'ormed  me  that  he  was  settled  in  the  ministry 
at  Ailanis,  lefferson  county,  and  was  on  the 
way  to  join  his  brotlier,  Re\ .  J.  'i'.  Headley. 
also  a  wideh-known  aiitlKjron  war  heroes,  for 
a  trip  through  tlie  great  N''irtherii  woods, 
then,  as  may  be  remembered,  unvexed  by 
the  Rev.  Adirondack  .Muvra\-  a.nd  his  fellow- 
tourists.  .Mr.  Headlev  turned  out  to  be  a 
most  genial  conqi.mion,  full  of  animal  spirits, 
and  ready  to  indulge  in  boat  excursions  and 
other  pastinn's,  except  ]ila\ing  billiards,  tlu'n 
a  favorite  anniseiuenl  among  the  freipienters 
of  the  place. 

A  boat  party  was  made  up  to  sail  among 
the  islands,  with  Mr.  Md.  Tanner,  collector  of 
the  ]Kirt.  in  ch.irge.  We  trolled  up  the 
streams,  and  encountering  a  squall,  landed  on 
a  nameless  island.  While  there,  a  l.irge  sail 
boat,  i;  might  be  calle<l  a  yacht,  also  landed 
on  the  island,  dri\en  in  bv  stress  of  weatiier. 
An  elderly,  sturdy-looking  man  came  on  shore 
and  looked  .inxiously  around.  The  new- 
comer proved  to  be  the  famous  Kill  Johnston, 
whose  name  bec.ime  linked  with  the  'I'housand 
Islaiuls. 

I  le  wore  a  blouse,  a  plain-looking  old  gentle- 
man, with  strong  features  and  an  expression  of 
determination  about  the  mouth.  Otherwise  he 
would  be  taken  for  a  verv  ordinar\-  farmer,  in 
general  appearam  c.  He  was  rather  reticent 
and  conver>ed  in  a  low  tone  of  ^'oice,  as  is 
usual  in  men  sup])osed  to  have  some  great 
secrets  locked  up  in  the  breast.  He  was  a 
man  just  to  .Mr.  Ileadley's  hand,  who  |>umi)ed 
the  old  gentleman  as  to  the  historv  of  the 
islands  and  his  connet  tion  with   them   durin-j; 


'lilt 
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IMTTf 


F.AKI.V    KIXiU.l.lA'TlOSS   OF  .11  .l:.\ A M )Kl A    I:AV 


^35 


the  l.ilc  troiihli'-^.  [iilmsioii,  nicantiiiic,  luul  .1 
lai-away  look,  liis  mind  rcvurliiij^  to  lii^  lioai 
and  ihe  condilioii  of  tlu-  wcathci.  After  tlic 
drtcntioii  of  a  iioupk-  of  lioiiis  \vc  ]iartcd,  on  a 
lull  in  the  f^alu. 

liefore  the  extension  of  tele;4ra|ih  lines,  and 
with  limited  postal  conneclicin^  inland,  the 
|ieo|)Ie  of  the  l!ay  were  behind  their  neighbors 
in  j;eltini;  the  news.  I!nt  this  was  not  always 
the  ease,  \ery  iin|iortanl  news  reaching  lliere 
bvri\er  in  advance  of  the  neighboring  villages. 
An  instance  maybegi\en.  About  the  \2\\\ 
of  July,  1850,  going  with  a  party  to  tlu'  l!,i\, 
when  arrived  within  three  miles  nf  the  i)la(  e, 
We  met  old  Iwra  Cornwall,  father  of  (leorge 
\V.  Cornwall  of  Theresa,  (  (iniing  iii'  the  mad 
on  foot,  who  im|iarled  the  intelligence  that 
(leneral  Taylor,  i'resicK'nt  of  the  I'nited  States, 
was  dead.  The  news  was  recci\cd  at  the  Hay 
by  steamer  from  ( )swego,  and  was  unknown  at 
Theresa  until  obtained  from  this  source. 

My  last  \isil  to  Alexandria  IJay  was  in  iS');, 
when,  after  the  absence  of  some  years,  great 
changes  in  the  aspe(  t  of  the  town  were  visible. 
Two  hotels,  the  renowned  (!rossnion  House, 
widely  known,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  Hotel, 
kept  by  Mdward  l''ayel,  assisted  l)y  his  sister, 
Mrs.  Sophia  Si)alsl)urv,  were  in  operation. 
Since  then  a  greater  change,  amounting  to  a 
perfect  "transformation  s(  eiie,"  has  super- 
vened, suijplementing  the  wonders  of  natural 
i)eauty  with  the  improvements  suggested  I))' 
unsparing  wealth,  art  ami  taste.  liut  des])ile 
all  these  enchanting  imi)rovements,  effected  by 
ni.ni,  the  great  natural  features  of  ro(  ky  islands 
and  glorious  ri\er  will  stand  unaltered  till  the 
end  of  time. 

JdNA  1  11  \N    TlldMl'SON. 

Among  the  earliest  to  forst'e  and  urge  the 
advantages  of  the  Th(jusand  islands  as  a  re- 
sf)rt  for  jjleasure  seekers,  and  the  estab- 
lishnK'tit  of  a  hotel  to  entertain  them,  was 
doubtless  Jonathan  Thom|)son,  of  Theresa. 
'I'hompson  was  a  genial  character,  tiuaint  in 
s|ieecli,  or  rather  of  cute  sayings,  a  harmless 
romancer  with  a  brain  fertile  in  ])roiects.  He 
was  a  man  past  middle  age,  buoyant  in  hope  as 
a  grown-u|)  boy,  had    seen    something   of   the 


world,  and,  in  fici,  among  hi--  earlv  expe- 
riences, iiad  "gone  out''  with  the  (Ireen 
Mountain  llovs  in  September,  1.S14.  In 
working  uj)  his  h(  heme  he  had  vi^,ite(l  the 
isl.mds,  >ele(  ted  one  of  tiic  group  to  erect  a 
fishermen's  resort  n|ion.  Hut  the  time  h.ul  not 
come  for  the  realization  of  sueii  an  enterprise. 
Oiliei  more  favcjrable  and  fortuitous  circum- 
stances had  to  arise  before  the  scheme  ( ould 
bei  (jnie  practicable.  Thompson  would  have 
niatle  a  good  second  to  a  man  of  fiiLincial 
ability;  a  good  chief  of  a  restaurant,  and  a 
capital  entertainer  of  guests. 

A  \<:w  years  before  this  time,  Thompson 
had  pit(  lied  upon  one  of  the  most  romantic' 
little  lakes,  situated  between  tlie  Indian  and 
St.  I,,iwreii(e  rivers,  much  nearer  the  first 
named  stream,  as  a  home,  which  he  intended 
to  im|ir(jve.  It  was  an  expanse  of  clear, 
limpid  water,  nestled  among  wood-crowned 
shores,  six  miles  t'rom  any  settlement.  It  had 
lost  its  Indian  name,  the  lake  being  on  the 
main  water  route  followed  by  the  ('.uuulian 
Indians  during  the  FreiK  h  and  Indian  War. 
and  up  to  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  in  their 
predatory  incursions  to  the  Dutch  settlements 
on  the  Mohawk.  In  recent  times  the  hulks 
of  their  abandoned  boats  could  be  seen  lying 
deep  through  the  clear  water  on  the  lake 
bottom.  It  was  known  as  Lake  of  the  Woods, 
latterly  as  Thompson's  Lake,  from  the  new  jiro- 
prietor,  and  was  three  miles  in  length  north 
and  south,  and  from  one  mile  and  a  half  to 
half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

In  a  spirit  of  enterprise  and  unbounded 
hopes  that  ins[iired  visionary  schemes, 
'i'hompson  pre-empted  a  few  acres,  near  the 
western  cove,  which  a  squatter  had  cleared  up 
and  abandoned,  leaving  his  deserted  log  cabin 
among  the  assets  of  the  plac  e.  On  cjbtaining 
possession,  his  criginal  design  was  to  stock  the 
ranch  with  geese,  as  his  (locks  would  have 
the  unlimited  privilege,  like  himself,  of  the 
lake,  I>ut,  owing  to  a  change  in  domestic 
economy  (except  -imong  the  blanket  Indians, 
who  still  adhereil  to  skins  for  bed  clothing), 
feather  beds  began  to  be  discarded,  and  a  de- 
mand for  feathers  consecpiently  ceased.  He, 
therefore,    was    c  ompelled     "  to     feather     his 


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256 


^/    .mT/V-.A/A'    ('/•     ///A"   .s/-.    /    /ffAVACA    A'/fAA", 


nest  "  ill  snmc  ulla-r  morL-  [iri)t"ii  il)lc  inodiu  t. 
\Vlicrcii|)(in.  like  Tliorcui,  llic  licimit  of  Wal- 
(lon  I'diid,  he  (leleniiiiietl  tt>  cullivaled  a  bean 
|i;it<li,  liiKilly  adding  tu  liis  a^ri<:ultural  opera- 
tions (:r()|)s  of  potatoes,  cahhage  and  cucnni- 
iiers.  On  an  adjoining  little  islet,  that  rose 
like  a  wart  ahoxe  tlu'  hosoin  of  the  lake,  the 
only  exeresceni  e  of  the  kind  that  fretted  the 
ripides  into  coinplainini;  niMrnuirs,  he  erected 
a  house  of  primitive  accomnioilation.  In  its 
(.onstniction.  he  was  ably  as-,istetl  by  a 
Waterlown  journalist  (joiin  I'avki.),  who, 
seeking  re(  iiperation  for  broken  health,  found 
jjleasant  recreation  in  the  exercise  o*"  his  con- 
structive talents  upon  very  scant  1.  ..'eria's. 
Poles  were  ferried  across  from  the  opposite 
beach,  and  the  deserted  log-cabin  of  the 
s(piatter  was  dismantled  of  its  boards,  shin- 
gles, nails  and  window  sash,  to  supply  the 
needed  material.  That  house  was  a  "daisy," 
and  rankinl  with  the  common  shanty  in  archi- 
tectural adornment,  having  a  door  swung  on 
hinges,  and  a  window  to  atlmit  l\u:  light.  It 
was  a  large  single  barrack-like  room,  and  for 
years  became  also  the  sleeping  apartment  of 
tired  pleasure-seekers,  who,  rolled  up  in  their 
blankets  on  the  board  floor,  were  hilled  to 
sleep  by  the  monotonous  chafnig  of  the  ripples 
on  the  beach. 

Meantime,  chance  visitors  to  the  lake  re- 
turned with  enchanting  descriptions  of  its  va- 
ried beauties.  Mr.  Thompson,  on  his  return 
to  the  village,  exhausted  the  vocabulary  of 
adjectives  in  extolling  its  wonders.  It  was 
"the  land  of  promise"  spoken  of  in  the  Scri|)- 
tures,  the  original  "  I'"ountain  of  \'outh," 
sought  after  by  i)e  Soto,  "  the  loveliest  spot 
under  the  canopy,"  lo  use  his  favorite  ex- 
pression. In  truth,  his  representations  could 
not  well  exaggerate  the  admitted  beauties  of 
the  lake  and  wild  surroundings. 

Curiosity  was  worked  u])  to  a  high  pitch, 
and  to  gratify  it  by  actual  realization,  an  expe- 
dition was  fitted  out,  composed  of  some  twenty 
or  thirty  citizens,  wiio  descended  the  river  in 
boats.  Mr.  Thompson  took  the  lead  alone  in 
his  little  canoe,  ballasted  with  a  few  sacks  of 
provisions.  As  commodore  of  the  fleet,  he 
issued    instructions,   and    paddled    ahead,    a 


happy  man,  not  unmindful  of  his  glory. 
I'roni  long  experieiu  e  he  be(  auie  .1  marvel  in 
handling  .1  paddle,  which  he  did  as  deftly  as 
an  Indian.  He  protested  against  a  useless 
waste  of  power  and  niisapi)lied  nuncuicnts  of 
the  arm  in  |i,uldling.  "  .\e\er,"  ^aid  he,  "dip 
the  paddle  too  far  ahead,  as  the  force  would 
then  be  expended  in  lifting  up  the  keel  of  the 
1)1), It,  but  when  the  jiaddle  f.ills  in  a  perpen- 
dicular line  with  the  rower's  body,  then  the 
b.ick-push  against  the  resisting  medium  g.ive 
the  only  impulse  forward  to  the  boat."  In 
lii~^  iirogress,  to  show  cilY  his  dexterity  and 
knowledge  of  the  riv^r,  he  sometimes  cut 
across  I  bend,  through  rushes  and  over  lill\- 
pads,  thereby  avoiding  a  long  detour  in  keep- 
ill^  'm  ;!v:  currents.  About  se\  1 11  ii.iles  down 
the  river  a  i.mding  was  made  for  a  marc  h  of 
thri'e  miles  over  the  carrying  jilace  to  the  fool 
of  the  lake.  The  landing  ])l,ice  was  design, i- 
ted  b\'  a  beaccm  seen  from  a  long  distance 
above,  consisting  of  the  stub  of  a  big  tree  on 
the  blulf,  which  h.id  been  sjilintered  by  a 
thunderbolt.  I''rnm  the  I, Hiding  pl,ue  to  the 
laki',  the  labors  of  the  traverse  commenced, 
sometimes  through  thickets  anil  underbrii;^h, 
over  fallen  log^,  ami  across  swails  and  qtiig- 
inires;  but  a  portion  of  the  route  was  un  ib- 
structed.  The  men  started  cheerily  forward, 
lagging  ]iaddles,  llshing  poles,  and  sacks  of 
llour,  salt  pork  and  other  supplies  of  the  ( om- 
missary  department.  Thompson  took  the  leatl 
as  generalissimo  of  the  expedition  overland, 
lim|iing  briskly  forward,  shouting  words  of 
eiicour.igeinent,  and  ready  to  diverge  from  the 
route  to  show  np  some  remarkable  scenery: 
ill  one  of  these,  for  instance,  from  the  brink 
of  a  [ireci|iice,  was  seen,  spread  out  beneath,  a 
vast  marsh,  carpeted  with  tnoss,  extending  for 
miles  towards  the  river. 

.Arriving  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  a  halt  was 
called,  when  the  generalissimo  exiiatiated  on 
the  wonders  of  the  scene  soon  to  o[)en  on  the 
astonished  gaze.  To  many  minds,  striking 
images,  thus  presented  to  the  imagination, 
through  the  ear,  even  when  conveyed  through 
the  medium  of  gushing,  bloviating  rhetoric, 
leave  a  stronger  impression  than  when  con- 
veyed to  the  eye  by  careless  observation. 


I 


i:\Ki  \    h'l  I  ,>///.(■  //iix.s  ,»/■    1/  i:.\.i\/ua.i  /;.!)■ 


-•>/ 


At  till-  |il,i(r  ol  rinlMrk.uidii  nil  tiir  Like  I 'ir  Sal  il  i.ill)  (l,i\ ,  liiin(lrr<K  1)1  \  iMii>r>  ildi  kol 
tlirri'  u,i>  liiil  OIK'  t  .iniR-  ami  Iwn  leaks'  Nkill~.  tu  the  Liki-,  •miihc  to  l'i-.li,  IjiU  iiki^iU  iplliri-,  to 
to  takr  the  p.irty  to  the  Inland  llousi',  the  ^atiicr  liiuklc  (wliortlc)  l)crrics,  liluc-bcriics 
icriiimii^of  their  toils.  When  tired  and  luin;.;ry,  and  rasplierries,  which  aliounded  in  their 
<uriosity  hij;^,  and  the  most  romantic  s<  eiiery  proper  •.ea>on  on  the  hlui'lV  Ani\  in  the  ^uainp-,; 
loses  its  charm.  'The  p.irt\-  di\ided,  some  hut  Mr.  'riioiiipson  rei  eived  little  or  no  reve- 
passinj;  lip  one  side  and  others  on  the  oppo-  nne  I'rom  these  people,  who  ac(  epted  his  hos- 
sitc  side,  to  ihe  nearest  iioint,  until  Mr.  jiitahty  rather  a-,  friemis  th.in  a-,  payiiij;  ^ijuesis. 
'I'hompson,  haviiij;  landed  the  llrst  inst.illinenl  The  lake  aliounded  in  liKu  k  liass,  a  ino>l 
from  the  boats,  (oiild  cross  over  and  take  them  edilile  lish.  He  had  a  lavoriti:  spot,  a  head- 
to  the  island.  The  shouts  of  the  men  in  their  hnid,  for  call  hin;^  tluin,  and  ha\  iiij;  i  aiitnred 
slow  proL;ress  aloiu'  the  lie.uily  wooded  shores,  .i  lot  ol  sinall   fro^s  f(jr  hait  in  the  d.un|i  ^;rass 


/..A^i   -   -- 


i^trnm- 


:_  «»»-^-'  .  -  -1 


ii 


.\N   ici:r."\j,   wiMiu   M|    iSi|.i-<)?, 


and  the  resi)onsive  shouts  Iroin  the  opjiosite 
side,  kept  \\\)  continiiousK  for  several  hours, 
startled  the  three  loons  seen  sailing  on  the 
lake,  causini;  the  bewildered  birds  to  tack  from 
one  point  to  the  other,  for  no  such  yells  had 
stirred  up  the  wikl  varmints  in  th.u  rej,'ion 
since  the  ancient  w.ir-whoop  was  sounded  by 
the  Indian  warriors  tliat  i)assed  throui,'h  on 
their  scalpin.n  exi)editions. 

In  the  course  of  time  boatint;  facilities  were 
increased,  and  some  days,  more  |iarticularl\-  on 


the  eveniiiL;  before,  at  dawn  would  p.iddle  out 
in  his  caiuie,  that  <  ould  be  seen  courtseyint;  in 
the  distance  like  a  dark  bubble,  and  returning 
with  ''  the  beauties."  as  he  called  thein,  had 
them  served  ii|j  tor  breakfast.  On  rainy  days 
he  rowed  to  the  east  side  of  tlie  lake,  where  the 
dee|i  water  was  Idled  with  tiie  branches  of  dead 
cedar  trees  that  had  fallen  in,  and  rowing 
slowly  .lioni;,  in  perhaps  two  hours'  time,  he 
would  return  with  the  bottom  of  his  boat 
covered  by  the  flojiping  lieauties. 


m 


j:,S 


y/  .scr;  /..\7A'  ('/■   ////.  .s7.  /..mh'/:.\(  /■:  /<ii/:r. 


)f 


lie  ii. Ill  .III  inlllii.ili.'  kiuiwk'dj^r  III  the  ll.ilijts 
III  lisli  —  1  111  He  >liiiiikini;treatiircs  l)(.'>t  stiulii'd 
wlirii  Dill  III  ilirir  nili\r  element.  ()l  birds 
.111(1  |H■.I^^^,  he  .iNu  |iiissi'>>,cil  .111  inliin.ite 
kiiiiwl 'd:;!'  Ill  their  li.diits  ami  instinets.  Ue- 
nudmi;  the  |iiiiii>,  to  wliiih  reference  has 
been  made,  lie  believed  with  uld  liiinters  that 
thcv  ciiiild  Hill  be  killed  by  .i  rillc  while  on  the 
w.ilei.  thiiiii;li  he  uiuilil  nut  |ieiiiiit  the  evpeii- 
ment  til  be  tried  111  11)11  I  he  loons  that  lrei|iienieci 
his  l.ike.  The  ir.idiiion  euneerninj;  lhe>c 
\v,ir\  bird>  i>  '.h.it  they  i  .in  docile  a  bullet  .liter 
seeiiiLi  the  ll,i-,li,  lor  iiist.intly  diviiii;  down, 
ihev  rem  lin  lor  Mime  tinv  under  water,  and 
emer,L;e  to  the  >urr.i(  e  a  Ioiil;  distaiue  rrom 
the  ■>|iot  where  they  went  under.  Thoniiison 
said  he  eoiilil  |irediet  a  i  liaiis;e  of  weather 
Iroin  the  movements  uf  hi-.  Inons.  It  w.is  fib- 
served  that  owinn  to  their  heavy  conform, i- 
tion  they  could  not  rise  in  a  calm  imich  above 
the  surface  of  the  lake,  .iiul  when  inclined  to 
change  their  ]iie>ent  h.ibit.it.  thev  llew  aj^ain-^t 
the  wind,  whi(  h  lifted  them  .ilmve  the  woods, 
thus  .ilfordini;  an  exit  beyond  their  old  prison 
limits. 

lie  decl.ired  that  his  loons,  before  a  storm, 
would  s.iil  to  the  head  of  the  Like,  and  when 
the  south  wind  blew  thev  would  rise,  and, 
llililiin^  their  wiiij^s,  seem  to  walk  on  the 
w.iter,  but  rising  gradually,  the  wind  buoying 
them  upward  liigher  ami  higher,  until  thev 
reacheil  the  lower  end  of  the  lake,  three  miles 
distant  from  the  place  of  starting,  they  would 
attain  suel'i  an  ele\.ition  as  to  clear  the  highest 
.  ees,  aiul,  thus  regaining  their  freedom,  seek 
"  fresii    fields    and    pastures    new."       lie    re- 


in.irked  the  curious  I.K  t  lli.it  though  they 
could  dodge  .i  bullet  on  the  w.ive,  they  i  ould 
not  ilodge  a  tree  in  a  (  .dm. 

'!'. liking  about  the  iiistim  Is  of  animals,  he 
oiu  e  reiiKuked  on  a  (  ui  iou-.  habit  of  the  bears. 
( >n  a  heavily  wooded  ridge  along  the  we>l 
side  of  tin:  Like,  there  w  .is  ,i  i  ertain  tree  that 
on  one  side  was  deejily  ga>hed,  as  if  in.ide  by 
some  huge  gnawing  animal.  It  would  heal 
o\ir  for  ,1  time,  like  the  sc.ir  made  on  a  m.iple 
tree  by  the  siig.ir-tapper's  ,i\e,  and  then  it 
Would  exhibit  a  freshened  ajipe.irance,  like 
the  re-opening  of  an  old  wound. 

This  pe<  uliar  phenomenon,  old  hunters  de- 
cl.ire,  w.is  the  work  of  bears,  it  was  a  guide- 
jiost  tf)  them  in  their  journi'ys,  the  same  as 
bi.i/ed  trees  were  to  any  liK  kwoodsman.  The 
bears,  in  tr.iversiiig  the  woods  from  Canada  to 
the  gre.it  northern  wilderness,  thus  left  their 
mark  as  a  guide  to  the  other  bears  which  fol- 
lowed them  on  the  same  |)ath.  \',m\-[  bear  in 
passing  would  stand  on  his  ]ilaniigrade  feet, 
gnaw  out  .1  fresh  (hunk,  to  be  freshened  up 
by  his  successors,  ,ind  thus  the  great  be.ir- 
roiite,  a  genuine  international  line,  was  kept 
open. 

1  once  asked  I'rof.  l^benezer  iMiimons,  the 
geologist  of  our  district,  his  opinion  as  to  the 
truth  of  the  statement.  The  eminent  na'.iir.ilist 
rather  doubted  the  ex])lanation,  ar.d  .ittributed 
gnawing  of  the  tree  to  the  (  iitting  season  of 
thfise  animals. 

.\s  the  novelty  of  Mr  Thompson's  kind  of 
life  wore  awav  he  turned  his  e\e  to  the 
Thoiis.itul  IsLukIs  with  the  outcome  .is  before 
stated. 


I 


>^V  A 


i 


■' '  '  i 


.ill 


I 


'  It 


m 


ALONG  THE  ST.  LAWRENCE  IN  THE  WAR  DAYS  OF  1861-5. 


\:\    I  1 II..     Al.liKK  I     11.    >ll  \W 


OT  all    till'  ?;tirring  events  of  tiie  days  of 
ihc  Circat    Rebellion    took   place  aloiii; 
Mason's   and    Di.xon's    Line.       'I'he    norlhern 
bonier  of   our  country  had   its  experiences  of 
more  of  less  interest  durint;  these  ]ierilous  and 
stirring  times,  between  iS6i    5,  and  especially 
was    this   true    along     the    noble    river    Saint 
Lawrence.        \o     bridles     were     fought,     it 
is     true,     but      many     a     line     of      retreat 
marked    the   passage    of  myriads  of  men    from 
Uncle  Sam's  jiossessions,  seeking   an    asylum 
where    they    might    be     safe     from    dreaded 
"drafts"'  and  the  dangers  before    the   enemy 
in  the  field.      'I'hese  men  loved  life  more  tiian 
they  loved  their  country,  and  rather  than  serve 
in  the   ranks,  they  chose   to  bear   the  ills  of  a 
skidker's  existence    in    Canada,  in    prel'erence 
to  tlying  to  others  they  knew  not  of,  amid  the 
shriek    of    shells    and    the   whizz    of    bullets. 
Some  incidents  connected  with  deserters  dur- 
ing this  period  will  not  be  without  interest,  it 
is  believed,  inasmuch  as  this  ri\er  marks  the 
last  ^tage  of  the  emrance  or  exit  of  deserters  ; 
for.  strange  as  it  may  appear,  I'Jiglish  soldiers 
deserted   to    the    United    States   to   enter  the 
Union    army,    while    .\mericans    ileserted    to 
C'anada  to  get  out    of   the    service!      Most  of 
the  deserters  from   our  army,  it  should  be  ex- 
|)l.uned,  were  soldiers  who  had  been  wounded 
and  allowed  to  come  home  on  furloughs,  and, 
from  brooiling  over  jihysical  sufferings,  became 
unnerved,  and    so  found  it  easier  to  c  ross  the 
St.  Lawrence    into  Canada   than  it  was  to  re- 
turn   to   their    regiments   at    the    front.     'I'he 
life  of  a  "  skedaddler  "  in  Canada  was  far  from 
agreeable.      'I'housands  of  Canadians  ser\ed 
in  the  Union  army,  as  brave  men  as  e\er  car- 


ried a  gun,  and  the  presence  of  Americans 
who  were  known  to  have  "  skip[)ed  "  there  — 
either  as  deserters  or  to  avoid  being  drafted 
—  called  down  upon  their  defenseless  heads 
no  end  of  ridicule  and  contempt.  .\  case  in 
point  will  illustrate  this  fact.  A  deserter  from 
the  then  'I'wentieth  Congressional  district, 
comprising  the  counties  of  Jefferson,  Lewis 
and  Herkimer,  wrote  to  Hon.  Addison  H. 
Lallin,  who  then  represented  it  in  Con- 
gress, saying  that  if  he  could  be  assured  that 
he  might  serve  out  his  time  without  arrest 
or  ]iunisliment,  he  would  at  once  come  back 
and  be  a  good  soldier.  Mr.  Lallin  took  this 
letter  to  the  I'resitlent,  explained  the  circum- 
stances, and  urged  that  the  deserter  be  given 
the  chance  he  sought.  "  Certainly,"  re])lied 
President  Lincoln;  "  when  a  ])oor  fellow  has 
made  a  mistake,  by  all  means  give  him  a 
chance  to  live  it  down.  There  is  good  stuff 
in  that  man,  for  no  coward  would  make  such 
a  |ilea."  The  I'resident  took  a  large  blank 
card  which  lay  on  his  desk  and  wrote  upon  it: 

"  Private  is  herewith    allowed  to  come 

to  me,  wherever  he  may  be,  and  on  his  jirom- 
ising  to  be  a  good  soldier  and  serve  out  his 
time  faithfully,  I  will    pardon  him. 

"  \.  Lincoln." 

It  hai)[)ened  that  there  was  not  room  enough 
on  the  front  of  the  card  to  write  the  above,  so 
it  was  turned  over,  and  the  sentence  com- 
pleted. .As  he  did  so,  a  blot  of  ink  fell  on 
the  card,  ami  afer  using  the  blotter,  the  Presi- 
dent scratched  off  a  part  of  the  ink-stain  with 
his  thumb  nail  !  'i'his  canl  was  sent  to  the 
deserter  by  Mr.  Lallin,  and  in  ipiick  time  the 
soldier   made   his  wav    to   Washiniiton.      Mr. 


262 


./  .s()r;7;.\7A'  ()/■'  riii:  sr.  lawresce  ri\'i:r. 


I,.illin  .11  cDinpanied  him  in  llir  W'iiilo  House.  laniatioii  of   ainiu-st\  lo   (Icsnlcrs  wlio   would 

1111(1    iiUroilui  t'd   liim   t<i   the    I'li-sidoiU.       i'lu'  return    lo    their    rei^iineiUs    was    inunetliately 

cai'd    w.is    iianded    Mr.    I.iinnhi,    who    said:  issued. 

'■  .N[y   dear    leliow,    I    ,iin    -lad    yon    have    re-  The  enamelled  card,  with  the  jilain  tluiinb- 

turned.      I  know  you  ic|iented  of   your  weak-  n.iil  marks  upon  it,  whiih  this  deserter  hronj^lit 

ness  in  goiuL;   lo  C'.in.ula,  ,tnd  that  \iiu  will  lie  li.ick,    he    gave    lo    Mr.     I.allin,    who    had    it 


1-1  u,.  su  \w. 


a   lir.ive    I'm  le    Sam's   boy    now.       Are  thiie  m.niuted  lietween  plate  t^lass,  with  a  t;old  hand 

m  luy    more    like    you    over    thei'e  who   would  alioul  it,  and  it  is  now  a   iirecious   souvenir  of 

(Dine  hack,  if  they  coidd  know  they  would  he  President  i.incoln's  largeness  of   heart,  in  tlic 

pardoned?"     "  N'es,"  f.'|)lied  the  weepiui,' de-  lale   memher's   family.       It    is    interesting    to 

verier,  "lots. riien  1  will   give  them  all   a  know  that  a  great  m.inv  deserters  returned   to 

'  liaiK  e,"  was  the  reply,  and  the   famous  proc-  their  regiments  under  this  olfer,  and     -  so  far 


.U.OXG    THE   ST.  /..UVUhXCK   f\    ////,•   ;,•//,■   jjjys   or    lS6/ 


^^c^^ 


as  known  —  mu  one  of  the  number  ever  went 
to  Canada  again  durini,'  the  war  !  This  inci- 
dent is  wortiiy  of  record,  as  it  sliows  how 
keenly  I'resident  I.incohi  grasped  every  (|ues- 
tion  affecting  the  trials  and  hardships  '  tiie 
private  soldiers.  He  divined,  in  an  instant, 
how  men  home  on  furlongli,  near  the  t^ana- 
dian  border,  while  half  sick,  and  importuned 
by  glib-tongued  false  advisers,  might,  in  a 
moment  of  weakness,  desert;  and  he  saw,  in 
tlie  aijpeal  which  was  brouglit  to  his  notice, 
that  there  was  an  opening  to  get  many  of 
these  deluded  and  reiientant  soldiers  back 
into  the  ranks  again.  The  result  proved  how 
wisely  he  took  in  the  true  situation. 

Dkskktkks  IRON!  Canada. 
During  the  American  war  a  good  many  de- 
serters from  the    English   troops  stationed  in 
Canada,  from  Halifax  to  Toronto,  enlisted  in 
our    army.      Tiie    garrison    at    Kingston    fur- 
nished   quite    a    contingent.      A    well-known 
Canadian   became   somewhat    famous  for  his 
prophetic  forecast   of  coming   visitors  to  the 
Iirovost-marshal's  otilice,  who  wore  the  i;.-  .rlet 
uniform   of  British   soldiers.      His  horoscope 
of  the  stars  was  so  faultless  that  lie  frequently 
foretold  to  an  liour  when  a  S(pKul  of  deserters 
would  make  their  ajjpearance.     Death  having 
removed  any  necessity  for   silence  concerning 
actions  which  were  later  condoned    by  Cana- 
dian otVicials  with  the  full   facts   behjre   them, 
it  is  fit  and  ])roi)er  that  the  name  of  this  brave 
recruit-furnisher  should  be  given  in  this  con- 
nection.     Ceorge    Hriggs,  the   party   in   (pies- 
tion,  was  a  stalwart  six-footer,  very  muscular, 
and    weighed    about    two    hundred     jjounds. 
liorn    on    Long    Island,   just  opi>osite    King- 
ston,   Ontario,    he    knew    every   inch    of   the 
islands    and   river.     He  was  famous    for  his 
personal   courage,  and   few   cared  to    test  the 
size    of  his   clenched    fist.      He    was   a  jolly. 
good-hearted   fellow,  about    twenty-five  years 
of  age,    and    ])ossessed  of  rare  coolness  and 
resources    under    trying    conditions.      As    a 
general,  he   would    have   rivalled  some  of  the 
most    cajiable    cavalry    officers    of    the    war. 
When   three   hundred  dollars   bounty  was  of- 
fered for   volunteers,  Hriggs  saw  his  opportu- 


P'ty.  He  put  himself  in  touch  with  the 
British  soldiers  at  I'ort  Henry,  and  soon 
found  a  way  to  direct  them  how  to  reach  the 
.American  side.  The  deserters  were  always 
treated  according  to  agreement  by  this  fear- 
less director  on  the  underground  road  to  the 
L'nited  States.  Ca|)tain  Kmerson,  the  jirovost- 
marshal  at  Watertown,  always  made  it  a  rule, 
before  enlisting  a  man,  to  explain  to  him  the 
amount  of  bounty  he  was  entitled  to  receive, 
and  insisted  that  the  money  due  him  sliould 
be  paid  to  the  recruit  in  his  presence.  In  no 
instance  did  these  deserters,  brought  over  by 
Hriggs,  refuse  to  promptly  pay  over  to  him 
such  sum  as  they  had  arranged  to  give  him, 
after  receiving  their  bounty.  These  men 
made  fine  soldiers.  The  writer  served  with 
one  of  them  —Charles  I'lemming,  a  member 
of  Co.  .\,  35th  N.  X.  \'ols.  At  the  battle  of 
■■'redericksburg  he  lost  both  legs  by  a  cannon 
shot,  and  died  the  next  day  in  hosi)ital.  He 
had  served  in  India  and  the  Crimea,  and  often 
declared  that  he  never  had  seen  hotter  fight- 
ing than  he  experienced  in  our  regiment. 
lie  lies  in  nn  mimarked  grave  within  siglit  of 
the  bloody  field  on  which  he  received  his 
death  wound.  How  many  thousands — for- 
eigners to  our  soil  —  died  like  Flemming,  f)n 
the  battle-fields  of  our  struggle,  m  helping 
tread  out  the  heresy  of  secession  amid  the 
horrid  havoc  of  contending  armies  ! 

Some  of  the  incidents  attending  the  esca]ie 
of  British  deserters  from  the  47th  Regiment 
of  the  line, at  Kingston,  are  worthy  of  record. 
The  distance  between  the  .Xmerican  shore  and 
Kingston  is  only  sunie  twelve  miles,  but  to 
most  of  the  soldiers  it  was  an  unknown  route. 
Long  Island  intervened,  and  guards  were 
thickly  stationed  on  its  southern  shore  to  in- 
tercept any  deserters  who  might  be  taught 
making  their  way  to  the  Ameri(an  side. 
For  many  months,  during  1.S63-64,  the 
9  o'clock  evening  gun  at  Kingston  was  eagerly 
listened  for,  as  one  gun  each  was  fired  at  that 
hour  fiir  all  deserters,  in  order  that  the  guards 
might  keej)  a  keen  watih  for  them.  A  party 
of  six  deserters  from  the  47th  Regiment 
seized  a  boat  at  Kingston,  late  one  evening, 
and    rowed    away  around   the  head   of   Long 


ii: 


I 


'    I 


fFT 


T 


i 


:o4 


.;  M)/-i7:\/h'  or   rill   si    /./// A'AATA   kixek 


I 


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f 


1>1.1Ih1.  iiililKlln^  Id  l.iliil  .11  tlic  liulit-llDllM'  on 
Tibbi'lt's  I'cjint,  near  (',i|k'  Xinccnt.  I!y  >()inL- 
mist.ikc,  being  st  Mim  is  id  the  rouu ,  iIr'V 
kfpt  too  t'.ir  to  tliL'  wcsiwanl,  and  atu-r  an  i'\- 
haiislinu:  tun  al  the  oars,  an  (.•xrrcisc  tew  o: 
tlu-  soliliiTs  wet",  iisctl  to,  they  mule  land  on 
drenadiei'  Island,  near  its  eastern  point.  See- 
ing; a  lii;ht  in  the  early  ninrnin^;,  one  of  their 
nnnilirr  rautiouslv  approac  hed  it,  awA  lliis 
proved  to  be  in  the  house  ot'  Abrain  (a)oper,  a 
Wealthy  larnier,  and  owner  of  most  of  he 
inland.  'I'he  deserter  nervously  inquired, 
■■  What  [)l,ice  is  thi-,;  is  it  in  Clanada  (jr  the 
I'uiled  Sl.ites^"  "'I'he  United  .States,  and 
\()U  are  al!  rii^ht,"'  was  Cooper's  cordial  i^reet- 
iug,  as  he  took  in  the  situation  at  a  tilanec. 
'I'lirnini^  to  his  (omrades,  who  weue  anxious' 
awaitiiif^  his  report,  he  shouted,  "'Come'  on. 
lio\s,  we  are  all  safe.''  'i'heir  deliL^lit  was  un- 
bouiuk'd,  and  happier  men  never  sal  down  to 
an  ample  breakfast  than  were  those  weary  and 
han  1-blistered  deserters.  The  next  day  .Mr. 
('ooper  a((  ompanietl  tiiem  to  C.ipe  \'inrent, 
where  (jnite  an  e.xcitement  was  (  re.ited  by 
tlii_-ir  appe.iranre  in  bright  se.irlet  uniforms, 
t'ooper,  who  was  ipiite  a  char.icter  in  his  way, 
pom])ouslv  led  the  three  liles  of  sjilendid 
youiiL^  fellows  as  the\  m.irehed  up  to  the 
hoti'l,  ,ind  many  a  joke  was  bandied  over  the 
exrited  civilian  chii-flain  who  w.is  tlauntles^ly 
KailinL;  his  column  to  an  attaik  on — Ljlass- 
I'orlilied  bottles  in  the  hotel  bar  !  Soon 
al'ter  their  arri\al  in  the  village,  several 
otiticers  of  their  rei^iment  (ame  over  to 
trv  and  induce  them  to  return  to  their 
renimenl,  'I'he  citizens  of  (■ai)e  X'iiK  cnt 
m.ide  it  somewhat  imi  ()mf(n-t.d)le  for  these 
oft'n  ers,  and  the  soldiers  would  not  i;o  into 
any  private  room  for  consultation,  but  mak- 
ing; the  interview  \ery  public,  with  any 
amount  of  advice  freelv  interspersed  b\-  the 
ex(  ited  bystanders.  'I'he  change  in  the  rela- 
tions between  these  soKliers  and  the  young 
martinets,  who  a  few  hours  before  were  formal 
and  indirferent  to  them,  was  striking.  The 
deserters  api)reciated  it  keenly,  and  curtly 
refused  all  the  persuasive  ap|)eals  made  to 
them  oil  the  part  of  the  ollicers,  'I'hey  all  at 
once  enlisted  in  oui'  .irm\'.      Tourist  who  pass 


to  oi  from  Kingston  liom  I  ,ipe  \iii<el.t, 
.iround  the  lu-.nl  of  Long  Island,  <  an  easily 
take  in  the  route  of  these  dcserter.s  in  their 
unknown  wav  to  the  freedom  the\'  sought. 
.Another  p.iity  of  ten  deserters  crossi'd  over 
on  the  ice,  t'ollowing  the  lino  of  the  Long 
Isl.md  (!anal.  .Ml  went  well  until  they  i  ame 
to  liig  111),  which  somehow  puzzled  them, 
and  two  of  the  party  became  exhausted 
thr. ii.gii  he, ivy  walking  in  the  deep  snow, 
and  had  to  be  left  behind.  The  others  pressed 
forward,  and  seeing  a  light  on  Carlton  Island 
made  for  this  |)oint.  'I'he  walk  was  a  long 
and  tiresome  one,  and  thev  sor)n  found  that 
they  had  se\eral  miles  to  tramp  before  they 
would  reach  ('a|)e  Vincent.  I'cw  (  ,in  realize 
how  bitter  cold  a  walk  in  the  night  on  tlu- ice 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence  rarel\'  is,  who  lia\c 
had  no  experience;  arid  when  the  night  is 
cold,  and  the  distanie  long,  the  situation  is 
far  from  being  an  agreeable  one.  On  finally 
reaching  the  "  Cipe,"  they  struck  the  shore 
near  the  engine-house,  at  the  railwav,  and 
seeing  a  light,  just  at  the  dawn  of  d.iy.  one  of 
thern  peeped  in,  milch  to  the  surprise  of  the 
night  watchman.  '"  Ls  this  in  ilie  Cniteil 
St, lies?"  was  his  ]>athetic  (piery.  <  >n  being 
assurcil  that  he  was  on  Cncle  Sam's  free  soil 
he  called  to  his  half  fro/en  (:om|ianions  to 
"tJiine  (UT,"  ,ind  a  grateful  coal  lire  never 
seemed  friendlier  to  these  deserters  than  on 
this  oc(  ,ision.  The  following  day  they  en- 
listed al  Waterlown.  I'riggs  was  at  the  Cape 
to  go  with  them  to  headipiarters;  ,iiul  he 
could  not  understand  how  ten  men  (onid 
possibly  make  anv  mistake  in  crossing  direct 
to  Cape  \'ini  ent  after  all  the  object  lessons 
he  had  laiiL'hl  them,  and  all  the  descriptions 
he  had  given  them,  a  day  or  so  before  they 
iiiK  eremoniously  left  their  quarters  in  Kings- 
ton. I'hey  h,id  made  a  sh.irp  deiour  out  of 
.a  direct  course  from  the  can.il  to  C^ajje  \'in- 
cent,  by  turning  to  the  eastward  so  as  to 
touch  at  C,irlton  Island. 

Hriggs  was  fertile  in  his  expedients  in  get- 
ting deserters  across  the  river,  in  summer  as 
Well  as  in  winter.  In  the  winter  of  i,S6^  he 
put  four  deserters  in  an  open  sleigh,  coscred 
them    with    blankets    and    bags   of    bran,   and 


;         ' 


:H 


I 


[r! 


• 


HI 
1^  11 


Slii 


:  U 


m 


.i/.i>\.;   /■///;  sv:  /..iiru/.vi/.  /\   riii    ir.i/:  /'./I'.s  or  /S>''/ 


267 


(liii\r  i1iIiiiil;Ii  iIic  (ii\  .nul  ,i(  ro^^  l'"n;4 
I  il.iiicl.  |i,is-,iii^  lAi)  lodUout  posts  un  llu'  loiilij 
willioiit  troiiUlc,  .iiul  irac  hod  Ciipe  X'inccnt  in 
s.ifcty.  'I'wo  (Livs  KitiT  lif  fe|n'atc<l  llu'  s.iiiu' 
ai  lion,  lull  --i/iivluiu'  ^llsllil  ion  hail  lalleii  on 
liis  plan^,  and.  as  he  drove  out  upon  the  i(\' 
in  Kinl,'■^ton  ii  irlior,  dctrctivcs  in.idc  (  hasc 
with  a  licit  horse.  lirin^s  s<'ented  tlicdaiv^er 
at  oiii  e.  and,  lor^in^  his  fine  sp.iii  of  lleel 
horse>  into  a  run,  made  hot  time  to  the  inland 
and  swept  arross  in  Ljreat  >hape,  until  he 
rea(  hed  "  Tom  Horn's,"  a  noted  hotel  oppo- 
site (^ipe  N'ineenl.  Here  the  llrilish  ]ialrol 
was  ipiarteri'd,  and  as  he  drove  up,  his  horses 
('o\x'i-ed  uitii  foam,  a  ij,uard  asked,  "  What 
have  you  ^ot,  and  why  have  you  run  your 
horses  so'"  "Come  and  see,"  ua->  llrifins' 
reply,  :\ni],  as  the  ;4uard  approached  him,  he 
sei/e'd  the  soldier's  musket,  pushed  him  into 
the  snow,  anii,  iiuttin^  his  liorses  to  their  best 
pace,  was  soon  out  of  the  reach  of  the  shouts 
aiK.  Iiullets  of  the  irate  and  dumlifounded 
j^uard>!  He  knew  that  he  could  uet  awa\'  be- 
fore another  uuard  and  ■j.wn  could  put  in  an  ap- 
pearance, and  in  this  he  made  no  mist.ike. 
He  sent  the  gun  hack  the  next  da\-.  with  his 
regrets  that  he  found  il  necr^sirv  to  liorrow 
it,  and  hoiiing  that  his  sli|jping  down  in  the 
snow  did  not  iticoiueiiience  him  in  the  least  I 
This  hold  adventure  was  rather  a  serious  one. 
as  it  finally  turned  out.  Ilriggs  ( utiUI  not  re- 
turn, the  team  w.is  uiuler  the  lian  ot'(!anadian 
law.  and  so  team  ami  man  found  ipiarters  .it 
('ajie  \'incent  for  a  time.  I)uly  was  paid  on 
tiie  animals,  ,ind  this  nalurali/ed  them,  while 
the  Iiero  of  the  incident  made  merrv  o\er  the 
success  of  his  action.  Hut  it  was  too  hot  in 
Kingston  for  him  for  some  lime.  Cireat  e\- 
(u'tement  |iie\ailed  there.  'I'lie  long  suspicion 
was  at  last  moulded  into  c  ertainiy.  Ilriggs 
had  hecai  the  mysterious  .igeiicy  through  whii  h 
so  many  deserters  had  been  piloted  to  ''  the 
.'>tates,"  ,ind  a  prici'  was  set  on  his  head. 

Cipt.iin  Kidd  and  Claude  Duxal  of  earlier 
times  had  ,1  rival  in  Ceorgc'  liriggs  for  manv 
months.  I).iringto  return  to  Canadi.m  soil, 
after  the  excitement  had  l,irgel\-  subsided,  he 
w,is  arre^ted  and  pi  iced  in  prison,  willuuit 
bail.        Jt     looked    d.uk     fur     the     d.iunlless 


"  (  leorge,"  belli  lid  uiifeijin;;  !)olt>  .llul  b.irs,  in 
strong  w.ilU  (  onlined,  and  the  end  of  his 
c.ireer  a>  a  "  (le-^crler's  pilot  "  w.i-,  supposed 
to  \)A\\]  bicii  re.iched.  Iliit  not  ^o  with 
llrmg^.  He  h.id  no  ide.a  of  l.inguishing  long 
in  pii^on,  anil  li\ing  on  the  plain  fare  of 
I  rimiii.ds.  ()ne  d.i\'  lii^  lather  w.is  .illowed  to 
visit  him,  and  while  he  was  there  l!ri::gs  sud- 
denly but  gently  disarmed  the  guard,  and 
strode  unconcernedly  p.isl  the  sentinels  and 
regained  his  liberty  !  .\  little  later  the  gu.ird 
sounded  an  akirm,  and  when  the  room  w.is 
\  i-.ited,  old  .\Ir.  liriggs  w.is  calmly  looking  out 
of  the  grated  window  I  There  was  revelry  by 
d.iy  for  a  few  minutes,  and  when  the  fai  ts  of 
the  sitii.ition  were  ascertained,  there  was  great 
coni'uotion.  I''ather  ISriggs  was  the  only  cool 
mafi  in  the  room.  He  was  gre.ttly  surprised 
at  seeing  so  m  my  ottii  i.ds  of  the  prison  come 
in.  "Where  is  my  son  ?"  asked  the  fatiier, 
with  iniiidi  feigned  feeling.  "  Where  is  he  I 
was  the  leplv.  "  Wh.it  did  you  do  to  helj) 
him  esc.ipc  ?  "  "l>o|"saiil  the  a|iparentlv 
surprised  lather;  "  wli.it  ilo  \ou  mean? 
Where  is  in\'  son?  I  came  in  to  see  (ieorge 
h.ilf  .111  hour  ago,  and  after  a  little,  he  said  he 
wanted  to  s])eak  with  the  guard  ,1  miniile,  and 
I  looked  out  of  this  window.  It  ap|)eareil 
kind  of  natural,  and  so  I  enjoyed  it  fur  a  \\:w 
inoinents,  and  then  I  heard  a  rumpus  .ind, 
looking  round,  saw  the  guards  rushing  in 
here.  Th.it's  all  I  know  about  it.  Re, illy, 
lias  Ceiiige  gone  tor  good?  "  .\nil.  as  there 
W.IS  no  proof  that  he  had  dont.'  anything  to 
.ibet  his  son's  escape,  he  was  tnially  released. 
The  grim  humor  of  the  escapade  —  to  those 
who  knew  the  cool  cal(ailati(Uis  for  the  event 
—  was  fully  appreciated  bv  all  who  knew 
father  and  son  intimateh'.  ()ld  .Mr.  I'>riggs 
was  ,1  counterpart  of  his  son  in  features 
and  in  burly  I'orm,  ;ind  it  w.is  this  close 
resemblance,  when  similarly  clothed,  that 
made  his  passing  f)f  the  guards  possible 
and  easy.  They  sup])osed  that  the  f.ither  was 
on  his  wa\-  home,  and  so  had  not  the  least  sus- 
picion of  the  real  facts  of  the  case.  .\s  mav 
well  be  imagined,  the  citv  of  Kingston  and 
surrounding  country  were  prot'oundh'  stirred 
by   this  second   adventure  of  the  redoubtable 


T 


:r>s 


./  >(>/r.':xiu  or  ////:  sr  /  iu-a'/xc/-:  Avr/x 


;  I 


i: 


,111(1  iiuxtinj^uish.ililf  liri(,'^s.  lor  n  liiiii',  lu' 
kf|)t  (lilt  of  llu'  Hriiisli  (l(llnini()ll^;  Imi  at 
U'Ugtli  he  rt'tunu'd  to  his  old  hoiiu',  tho  trii'iid 
of  c\t'ryl)ody,  and  a  j;ciK'ial  favorite.  \  ears 
afterwards  In-  set  his  wils  to  work  in  siniij;- 
uliiig  oil  from  the  Slates  into  C'anada,  and  so 
expert  was  he  that  the  Canadian  authorities 
ai  tiially  appointed  him  an  iiispeetor  of  i  iis- 
toms,  thus  luinnini;  to  the  support  ol  the  laws 
one  nf  the  keenest  ot'fenders  ai;ain^t  them. 
This  move  put  an  end  to  this  sort  of  sduil',- 
ylini;.  i)racti(ally.  lew  dared  to  take  the 
chances  of  falling  under  Urigi^s"  veteran  e; 
and  to  the  end  of  hi-^  life  he  did  his  duly  faith- 
fully and  well,  He  was  a  nuble-hearled  friend, 
as  brave  a  man  as  evi'r  li\ed.  and  tinder,  as 
few  are.  to  the  sufferinj^s  of  the  jiour  and 
afllictetl.  The  writer  knew  liiin  uell,  and 
ureatly  admired  the  riiy;^ed  side  of  hi-,  iii,iiil\ 
character.  A^ain  and  a^ain  has  he  listened 
to  the  j;ra|)hic  and  yet  molle^t  recitals  of  the 
adventures  of  this  jolly  and  fe.irless  mm  diir- 
iii^  the  war  period,  which  were  told  in  ,i  m, in- 
ner ])rofuiindly  impressive.  IhiL^^s  was  the 
Kol)  Roy  of  Canada, —  clewr,  of  huundless 
resources,  and  yet  i;entle  .is  a  child  in  the 
presence  of  sorrow  and  ilistress.  Hi-,  i  areer 
was  a  unique  and  remark.ible  one,  as  it 
oiiened  by  his  piloliiii;  many  Hritish  soldiers 
out  of  Canada  to  enlist  in  the  riiion  arms-. 
It  was  continued  by  smujiglinL:;  lari;e  ipiantities 
of  f)il  from  the  States  into  Canad.i,  and  it 
closed  by  his  admirable  services  as  an  excise 
otticer  in  the  service  of  the  C!rown !  His 
name  and  fame  will  lonj;  abide  as  that  of  .1 
man  famous  in  his  day  in  the  circles  where  he 
lived;  and  few  ])ublic  characters  of  his  time, 
along  the  St.  Lawrence  ri\er,  created  a  deeper 
interest,  or  was  more  popular,  than  the  daring, 
erratic  and  chi\alrous  deorge  Hriggs, —  out- 
law, smuggler,  anil  admirable  public  otticer. 

DkSI.KI  KKS,     "  BillN  l\      JlMI'lKS,"    .\M) 
"SkI'.I).\1)I.I.Ks." 

There  were  two  classes  of  deserters  who 
became  well  known  along  the  northern 
frontier,  bordering  on  C'anada,  during  the  war 
days  of  1862-t;.  {'irst  there  was  the  "  bounty 
jumper,"    who    came    over    frcjiii    Canada    to 


enlist,  with  the  sole  piiipo^e  of  securing  a 
l,ir-e  bounty  and  then  m, iking  his  escape 
b.ick  to  I'.inad.i,  only  to  re-a|ipear  at  some 
distant  [joint  in  the  States  to  iepe.it  the 
oper.ition.  "|um|)ing  the  boiiiu\  "  and 
'"bounty  jumpers."  describe  this  prei  ions 
(lass  of  rase, lis  in  the  popular  spee(  h  of  the 
time.  Sei Olid,  then  came  the  mm  h  smaller 
class  .vho  deserted  from  the  front,  or  while 
home  on  furlough,  and  mule  their  way  to 
C.maila,  or.  .is  was  freipieiitly  the  case,  hired 
out  to  I'.irmers  on  ti.e  .\inerican  side  near 
the  border,  so  as  to  easily  cross  into  the 
Hominion.  in  (  .i-nc  of  danger.  The  lirst  (lass 
named  were,  as  a  rule,  a  bad  lot,  without 
p.itriotism  or  i  haracter,  and  mere  robbers  of 
llie  bounty  p.iid  for  the  purpose  of  sei  iiring 
ici  mils  for  our  arnn;  while  ni.i...  ol  tlu'  , 
(111(1  (  la^s,  returning  to  their  homes  along 
the  Cin.idi.m  bdi'ders,  on  si(k-lea\e,  in  a  mo- 
ment of  weakness  and  fear,  wearv  of  the 
dangers  and  luirdships  of  acti\c  service,  and 
not  infreipienily  suffering  iVom  wounds  and 
ill-health,  were  tempted  to  make  their  way 
across  the  St.  Lawrence  River  into  the 
(^>iieen\  I  )oiiiinions.  .\  third  element  of 
sal'eiy  seekers  during  this  period  was  the 
"  skedadler,"  who  ran  away  to  Canada  for 
fear  of  the  dreaded  "dr.ift."  This  was  corn- 
par, iti\el\-  ,1  huge  (lass  —  and  ,1  pitiable  one 
.ilso.  h'.very  young  man  who  left  for  Canada 
WIS  a  marked  object  for  keen  ridicule  by  all 
who  knew  him.  To  admitted  cowardice 
there  was  added  the  sharp  tooth  of  criticism, 
(jf  a  kind  that  made  sure  wreck  of  any  future 
promise  in  the  land  of  his  birth.  l'.\er\  sm  h 
"  skedadler "  dug  his  own  grave  \\  hen  he 
made  Canada  a  shelter  from  duty's  manly 
service.  If  a  record  of  the  arrests  and  at- 
tempti^d  .arrests  of  deserters  along  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  could  be  given,  it  would 
furnish  interesting  matter,  but  onl)'  a  few 
cases  can  be  mentioned  here. 

The  writer  of  this  chapter  was  a  special 
agent  of  the  War  Department  during  the 
period  of  which  this  treats,  and  it  fell  in  the 
line  of  his  duty  to  become  the  ])rinci|)al  actor 
in  several  exciting  scenes  in  this  connection, 
.ilong  the  historic  river  St.  Lawrence. 


. 


.i/j'Xi,    rill:  s r.  i.AWR i:\ri: 


l\     I  III-:    WAR    /),/  YS    Ol-     /A/./    ,- 


2Cm 


'J 


\ 

'i 


Word  iiMilird  the  I'nn  nst-Marsli.il  i 
W'.itcrtou  II,  thai  a  nuiiil)ur  of  df^crlcrs  wtTc 
ill  llic  li,il)il  01  rctuinin^  to  this  side  of 
ihf  liver,  just  below  Millrii',  I!,iy,  and  the 
u  liter  was  ordered  to  Ir)  and  arrest  them. 
'l'akill^  a  soldier  with  him,  lie  went  to 
a  point  on  the  St.  I,awri'iHe,  jiist  o|)|)osite 
('riinneH's  island.  On  the  ("anadian  shore, 
o|i|)osite  this  point,  iiiiite  a  lillle  ( olony  ot 
deserters  liatl  I'oiind  woik  at  small  |iay  on 
(arms  about  the  see  tion,  and  seseral  were  in 
the  habit  of  crossiii};  oser  the  ri\er  to  pay 
viriits  to  relatives  and  friends  who  iiiet  iheiii 
at  the  shore.  Taking  up  ipiarters  with  a 
lainny  named  ( 'ai  ter,  liviiiL;  iiist  opjiosili'  ( Irin- 
nell's  Island,  III!  the  I'nion  shore,  the  de- 
le(ti\es  had  not  long  U\  wait  before  the  wife 
of  a  ileserter  came  down  and  wa\ed  a  signal 
to  her  husband  to  (ome  ac  russ.  The  detec- 
tives were  (  (iin  ealed  in  the  hou.-e,  and  soon 
saw  a  small  boat  put  out  from  the  other  side. 
it  came  o\er,  and,  just  as  il  striu  k  the  bea(  h, 
the  ot'li(  er,  pistol  in  h.iiid,  stejiped  forwarti 
and  ordered  llu'  deserter  to   surrender. 

He  was  sitting  in  his  skiff,  t, liking  to  his 
wife,  so  as  to  be  reatly  for  an\'  surprise,  as  was 
his  custom  ;  and  the  moment  he  was  con- 
fronted by  the  ciltict'r  he  sprang  u]i,  and  wiih 
an  oar  ipiickly  jjushed  his  boat  f)iit  beyond 
re.ich.  Pointing  his  large  (poll's  re\diver  at 
ihe  dese'^ter,  the  oflh  er  c  ommanded  him  to 
I  ome  ashore,  or  he  would  lire.  His  wifi' 
jumped  up  and  down  in  a  half  frantic  mainur, 
and  shouted  shrilly,  ''|)on't  \ini  doit;  don't 
you  dt)  it  ;  let  him  shoot  mui  first  !  "  She, 
at  least,  was  no  coward  ;  her  ringing  words 
and  dramatic  acts  had  a  strange  effei  t  upon 
the  now  pale-fa.ci'd  deserter,  giving  him 
courage  —  the  blind  courage  of  despair;  and 
his  wife's  stirring  wo.'ds,  shrieked  into  his 
ears,  spurred  him  on  in  his  desperate  elfort 
for  freedom.  'I'lie  officer  slu)\ed  off  his 
boat,  and,  being  a  good  oarsman,  soon 
gained  upon  the  retreating  deserter.  The 
wife  kept  up  her  encouraging  apjieals,  while 
the  lady  residents  of  the  solitary  house  on  the 
shore  were  eager  s|)ectators  of  the  comical  and 
yet  serious  race  before  them.  The  deserter 
had  a  small  sail  to  his    skiff,  and  ihis  began  to 


aid  him  ,is  he  pulled  oiitfrinii  iimler  the  sluue 
niln  the  bree/e,  whic  li  h.ippeiied  to  be  fidin 
the  south,  thus  strongly  aiding  him  in  Ins 
efforts  to  escape.  'I'he  ofti(  er  found  that  ihe 
race,  \  luler  the  ((Uiditions  nt  n.irs  ,ind  s.iil, 
was  ,111  uneven  one,  and  in  h.isiilv  glaiu  ing  at 
the  lleeing  fugitive  over  his  shoulder,  to  see 
how  things  were  working,  an  oar  slippetl  ii|i 
on  the  iron  tlio!e-|iin.  uhiili  bent  down,  .md 
over  went  the  (jflic  er  on  his  b.u  k,  in  the  bol- 
loiii  of  the  boat,  with  his  heels  in  the  air  !  .\ 
shout  Went  u|i  I'rom  the  iubilantwife  onshore, 
whi(h  did  not  .idd  to  the  olficer's  good  feel- 
ings: and,  regaining  his  feet  in  the  tollliiig 
bo, It,  he  c.illed  to  the  deserter  tli.it  he  would 
shoot  il  he  did  not  instantly  surrender.  .\'o 
heed  w,is  paid  lo  the  summons,  and  lire  was 
opened  upon  him  in  brisk  f,isliion,  at  lessih„n 
loo  yards  di^iaiu  e. 

liiillet  ,ifler  bullet,  from  ihe  lieavv  Colt's 
revolver,  was  ^ent  piunt  blank  al  the  desper- 
ate man,  who  was  rowing  lor  de.ir  lite  lo  gel 
across  the  rivel',  l^ai  h  sliot  went  (lose  lo 
the  mark,  as  (  oiild  be  seen  ,is  they  spKishtd 
into  the  ri\er  just  bevond  hiin.  .Six  shots 
Were  fired,  when  the  (base  h,i(l  to  be  aband- 
onetl,  and  the  officer  returned  to  the  shore  a 
grealls'  disgusteil  and  be, Hen  num.  The  ile- 
serler's  wife  was  still  on  the  shore  and  greeted 
him  with  stinging  jeers,  but  an  iingallant  and 
yet  foK  ible  threat  that  luT  own  ,irrest  might 
follow,  sileiK  ed  her  nimble  tongue  —  whiili 
was,  perhaps,  not  unn,ilural  under  the  jiecii- 
liar  circiimstani  es.  Later  in  the  o.iy  a  drum 
and  life  were  heard  ac  ross  the  river,  and  by 
the  aiti  ol  a  good  glass  a  gathering  of  men 
coulil  be  seen  there.  Karly  in  the  e\ening  a 
neighbor,  who  had  been  on  the  other  side, 
(  aine  and  told  the  oftu  er  that  an  att.ick  was 
contemplated  from  the  deserteis,  who  had 
sworn  vengeance  for  the  attempt  lo  arrest  one 
of  their  number.  The  officer  and  guard  pre- 
pared to  give  them  a  warm  reception  in  case 
they  should  ( ome.  Their  situation,  h;jwever, 
was  not  at  all  desirable,  in  \iew  of  the  fa(  t 
that  a  do/en  des[)erale  deserters  were  in  easy 
real  h,  and  only  two  men  were  ])resent  to 
meet  any  atlai  k.  Mrs.  Carter  was  a  widow, 
with     two    ilaiiglilers,    li\ing    at    the    landing 


:li.  * 


f 
li 


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,;  sofi/x/u  (>/■  nil    m.  i  iwki  \rr  Kiii-k'. 


Si} 


ii 


II 


.ilnnc,  111(1  Ml  lln'M'  NdiiiiL;  hiiliis  li.id  llir  ir.il 
{iliiik  mil  ((iiii.iuf  111  iMir  liiiiiim-'.  I  In  \ 
vcilunitiMi-d  III  L;n  mil  i.ii  pii  ki.i,  'iiil  lliis  u,is 
iiiil  ini  iiiilli'il.  JliiIKi--  vvfic  I  111  ii|i  mill 
>lii:;^  Ml  .:s  Id  liKikc  ,i  --i  .itlrliiiL;  i  li,ilj;i'.  iIuiiin 
.liul    williloWS    wcTt,'     li.ll  I  ir.lilnl,    ,lllil     .ill     W.ls 

iiiidr  iiMiiy  liir  .1  •■iiiMiiiin  iirlinM'.  I'lu.' 
ilnnii  ami  I'llc  i  milil  Ik-  ]iLiiiil\  licanl  Im  inmi.' 
ill, Ml  .111  liuiir,  .iiiil  wlirn  il.irlviu">>  i  .iiir'  uii  .i 
•>li.ir|i  iiiilliiiilv  \v.i>  kt|ii  lur  ilir  ilirc.iliiuil 
,111.11  k.  Iliil  nniic  (  .inir.  I'i~rirliiiii  \\.i^ 
liclil  III  111.'  IhIUt  ill. ill  liidiM  1(11(111.  |i\-  llic 
ilMU'      iK-Ml  liTS,     .111(1     ullilc     lil.inV     r()im--i'lcd 

'■  w.ir  til  lln'  kiiik',"  llic  niiidiiiN'  liiKillv  riiii- 
cliiiK'il  iinl  III  iii.iki'  .111  .lit  II  k  nil  I'm  If  S.imV 
s()ldii.T--.  I  lie  niulil  |i.i>s(d  \\\\\\  iin  .il.inn. 
.111(1  lllC  IIL'M  (l.iy  lllc  liiKr-^  (il  llu;  I  liiU'il 
St. lies  sik-iilly  .111(1  siiiiR  u  lial  sullunlv  willi- 
dix-\v    -liiMlcn  liiit  not  di^uLu  cd. 

1  his  d(.'--i'i  tiT,  .illri  till'  u.ir,  s, lid  tli.it  (UK- 
hiilk't  |i.is>(.(l  llir(iil;;!i  his  hiir.  ,md  that  srv- 
(.•ral  1)1'  lluin  whi-^lUd  sniic.ir  In  him  lh.it  Ik 
l(.'lt  the  ^ui^h  (if  ihc  :iii-,  and  t'ciri-d  lie  had 
lurll  hit.  Ill'  (Ifil.llid  th.ll  he  \\,i->  tim 
"  --raicd  111  siiiii  ndcr,"  .iiid  ih.il  he  iiai  li.mi- 
I  ally  liHik  lllc  nais,  riiuin;^  au.i\  in  \i;4orniis 
l.ishiiiii,  ill  sluTi'  (lcs]n  iMliiin  liMin  the  first 
iinpuUc  ill. It  r.iiiu'  n\ ,  |-  him,  Tiii^  .idvi  iiliirc 
had  .1  lii.iikrd  illi(  t,  Ik  lu  cVTi,  i:|iiiii  ihr  ai  - 
lions  (if  tli(_'  (K'srrh  T^  li\iii;_'  aiiii---  the  lisii'. 
'I'luy  .11  I  '^t  inaiK-  ,i  L;rc.it  dcil  nl  nni-c  and 
Idiidly  tlircalLiH'd  izicit  ihiiius  Ik  i  .m--i'  ni  this 
atl(.'iii]it  1(1  arrL'>t  one  nl'  tlnir  im'^ir.iiilc  cl.m, 
hut  llicy  tlu.Ti,'allcr  tnnk  j;iMid  <  .in-  in  k(.'i]i 
tlu'iiisi'lws  sal'civ  lai  the  ( '.madian  sidr  nt'  llu- 
n\vv.  The  ()lli(iT  (HI  iiauiiiin-  In  W'.ittTiiiw  n 
was  uniiu'rcil  iilly  hcctoii'd  nvi  r  ihis  raihiic  In 
aiTcst  lliL'  ik'scitL-r.  This  w.i^  nni  in>t,in(  c 
uluic  tlu'  hir(c  of  llu-  I'nilnl  .si.ilcs  wa-^ 
ImI'IIlm!  |i\  tlu'  t.'M  ape  (if  llu'  riiclin,  nil  llir 
."s.iiiit  I  .awri'iici',  diiriiiL;  the  d.us  nflhr  miuiIi- 
v\\\  iclicllinil.  (  )lU'  (  .llisr  of  LJlr-it  -Lit  itlldi.' 
on  the  p. lit  of  till'  ofliccr  I'aihn^;  In  m  ikc  the 
ariX'sl  was  th.ii  nunc  nf  hi>  shots  hit  the  nn- 
tniiuii.itc  dcsi'itcr,  during;  his  di-s|i(.'ialc  (.mi- 
tions  to  ii'.K  h  the  C'anadi.in  slmic.  N'c.irs 
afterwards  the  writer  vi-^iied  this  spot,  ,ind 
mused  over  the  excililiu  si  rlle  cli.icled  there 
iivuiv  \cais   hefore.      It  is   .i    lii\el\    view  I'lniii 


the  >lioii  where  the  deserter  I. Hided  llis  liiial 
(lliniieH's  IsKiiiil,  (dViied  uilli  line  loliaue, 
looked  like  .1  l.ll\^e  I'aiu  l.ild  ,i;eli1  in  the  i  le.ir, 
sweel  ri\el.  while  on  liie  rij^hl,  lookilij^ 
C'an.idaw.ird,  .i  u  ell-u  ooiU'd  jilot  lined  the  tar 
shore  of  the  little  hay.  The  lu'roie  ladies 
uele  i;olie  the  inolhel  dead,  .ind  llie  d.inj;h- 
lels  in.iiiied  ,111(1  all  (h,iiij;ed  .ilmul  the  spot 
(  \i  ept  the  ehai  iiiiiiL:  si  eiiery  ,ilonL;  llie  iioliK' 
livir.  Cnus  sinod  in  the  shallou  s  iie,ir  the 
■-hnii.',  ^entlv  wliiskiiii;  llie  llii'^  fioin  their 
hodies  ,is  ihev  dr. ink  the  swei  I  w.iler,  ,md 
I  nnled  their  leel  ill  its  j^i.ileful  eur.  lit. 
Sin, ill  in  mipnil.iiu  e  .is  tli  ■  im  idelit  w.is.  of 
the  e-e.ipe  nt  llii'  deserter,  il  lilnuj;hl  h.ick 
iiiiiiiories  III  the  u.ir  d.i\s  nl  ninie  ill. in  p.iss- 
iiiLi  iiitere--|  In  niie  nf  tin.'  (  hi(  f  ai  lois  in  llie 
■>ei  io-i  oiiiii    little  dr. una  of  \e.iis  hefore, 

.Xliother  \eiy  intereslin:;  i,'\eiil  h.ippelied 
lint  f.ir  I  rniii  ( 'lavtnn  in  ;lie  f.ill  i,S6.'.  ( '.ipLiiii 
jnhii  A.  Iladdoik,  while  home  floni  the  .55tli 
X.  \'.  \  Ols.,  on  riertiiliiiij;  service.  «  .is  informed 
ill.  1 1  ik'sel  lels  1 1  din  our  ,ii  iii\  li\  iiii;  in  ('an.uht. 
w  ere  (  oiisi.inlh'  (  oiiiin-  o\  er  and  steal  in  j;  poul- 
try, |ii,L;s  .111(1  nilu  r  ihiiius,  uiiMlly  to  the  aiinoy- 
.iiK  e  ot  niif  farmers  alniii;  the  Si.  Lawrence. 
This  w.is  ninre  ih.mlhe  eiieimtie  Il.iddoik 
1  ollld  lie.ir,  .Hid  sn,  with  .1  (let.lil  nf  I'lVi'  snl- 
(liels.  he  W(  111  til  the  --I  elie  of  these  depled.l- 
tiniis.  Ilf  ,1-1  1  rlaiiied  th,it  se\er.il  deserters 
well-  sloppiiiL;  .It  a  point  ne.ir  the  American 
shole,  .mil  he  laid  hi-  pl.llls  in  (  inss  n\er  in 
the  niulil.  (  .Ipllire  them  ,ilid  hliu;;  llielll  liai  k 
with  him.  The  si  luiue  «,is  ,i  Imhl  one — lor 
It  siniph  me, ml  .in  iin.isinn  nf  foreign  lerri- 
lni\.  .ind  the  hiL;li-li.iiideil  arrest  of  men  on 
fnreii;n  soil.  Iliit  ihe  iiei\  i  .ipiain  p.iid  sm.dl 
allelltioll  to  ihesi,'  lri\i,il  i  ollsidrratiolls,  in 
\iew  nl  the  dast.iidly  .Kliniis  of  deserters 
he  lo.ilhed,  A  lillle  lufoic  midiiinht  ('.ip- 
t.iiii  lladdnik  h.iil  his  i  oiiim.md  eiiiliark  in  a 
lin.il  Willi  liiin.  .iiiil.  nuiim  '"  '''*-'  '' *■'  '"  ''"-' 
1  i\  er  liet  w  (■(  11  the  main  land  and  the  isl.ind, 
some  diffuulU  \\,l-  expelieiiied  ill  reaclllllj,' 
the  foot  (if  Idiii;  I -land.  (  )iiee  safely 
l.mded,  .1  i.iicliil  disposition  of  the  force  w.is 
made,  so  as  to  he  sure  tli.it  the  deserters 
klioun  to  he  in  the  house  (duld  nnl  esciiie, 
,uid  a  loud  demand  w.is   made    for   these  men 


!  I 


it 


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p^ 


i 


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I': 
I 


.i/.i>\(,   nil   si:  /. //fAvwy  /\'  riii:  ii-.ia<  i>.ns  or  /S6i 


-\"S 


I'l  iiiiiic    mil   jiiil    -.III  rriidir.       Ilic   (',in,i(li:ui 
li.;lii-li()ii>c  krr|Hi,  at  wIkix-  hoinc  ilic  dL'^fit- 
(.■is    urre   sloppiii,:;,    nislu.'d    mil,   ,i\    in    li.mil. 
.mil    Imsdly    dn  l.iiccl    tli.ii    hr  uiiuld    kill    ,my 
N'.mkiT    iiioIIht's    son  uho    attrniiilcd    in    in- 
vade llir  -^ai  I'rd    sciil   (it    Canada,  in  .in  iinlau- 
lid    cllin-l    III   aiTi'sl    an\    mir    iiiidi.'r   lii^  rnol, 
I  If  ■.imnird  ,iiid    I'.n'rd,  and   iniivnl    lii^   ri.i^lit 
t'>  lie    I  alk'd  lu'.ivc    ,i>  wrll    a>  \,illlalilc  hv    the 
^italuarl  «a\   lir  drtcndcd    lii.nwn  liv  a(  t   and 
>|H'ii  li.      iiiil  llir  iindaiinicd    1  laddi)t  k  rmaliy 
t;iil  Ills  rai,  and  plainly  Icild  liiin  lie  wa--   llicrc 
ti)  ai  lot  the  luo  (KsiTiciN  ;  III, It  lu'  u-,i,  l,a(  kcd 
1)V  I  111'  .irinv  of  Ilk'  rnilcd  Stales  ;  and,  linallv, 
that    Ik-    \v,h    tluTe    to    t.ikc    tliulll  —  wilhoiit 
liloodslud.  \\    jio'^silile  —  in  '•  ,i,;orc',"  it'  ncccs- 
sais'.      This    resolute   sland   (  aiised    the  o\er- 
powcred  Canadian  to  yield,  his  threatenin,i;- a\ 
was    laid    down,    ihe    tuo     Aiiierii  .ni     desert- 
eis    ueie    seized,    and   I  he    Aineiiran     forces 
made  .m  m-derly  letiirn   to   the  main  shore  in 
triumph,  hriuiiini;  their   prisoners  with   them  ! 
Captain   I  laddoik's  bold    and    rash   adsentiire 
created    a    prolonnd     impression    among    the 
Anierii  an  deserters,  alon;.;  the  ri\er  especially. 
They  "  cliiiilied   to    the    rear    luel\-  "  immedi- 
ately afterw.irds,  .is   one  descrilied    il,  liecaiise 
they  were  dreaming  <lreanis  and  seeing  \isions 
ol'   appro, iching    officers    in   search  of    Ifncle 
S.un's    delinquents.      The    hue    and    cry    that 
lollowed  made  no  end  of  talk  .iloiig  the  border 
on  both   sides  of  the   ri\er.      Tig  and  chicken 
ste.ding  on  the  American  shore  ceased  at  once, 
and  one  of   the  sc.ircest   s|)eciniens  seen  for  a 
long  time  of  ihe  genus  homo  was  an  .\merican 
deserter  in  these  parts. 

Iladdoi  k  was  for  a  time  a  typical  dare-tievil 
hero  —  greatly  admired  b\  the  small  bov,  and 
gr.itefiilly  appreciated  by  .ill  haters  of  desert- 
ers and  the  "  blarsled  llritisluus  " — as  the 
]ihrase  went  in  these  esciting  and  turbulent 
days,  N'ot  long  after  this  nun  hdiscussed 
"  invasion,"  Captain  Haddock  leturned  to  his 
regiment  in  N'irginia,  then  in  winter  ipiarters. 
Hut  a  cloud  suddenly  fell  upon  his  short- 
lived glory.  The  Canadian  Cio\ernnient  had 
made  hasle  to  lay  before  the  liritish  foreign 
office  the  f.icis  about  the  unwarranted  arrest 
of  the  two  deserlers  on  llriiish  soil,  and  angrily 


dein.mded  s,iti:,f,i(  tion.       The  liritish  Coveiii 
ineni  iininedi.iteh  nolified  ijie  liritish   Minister 
.It  W'.ishington  to  secure  prompi    ri'drcss  fr(jin 
Sc'cretary    Seward     foi    the     indiguiiy    \\hi(li 
C.ipliiin  Haddock  and  his  merry  soldiers  h.id 
iiilli(le(lon  the  soil  of  Long  Island.     Scnetnrv 
Sew.ird  sent  this  (leniaiul    to  the    Secretary  of 
W.ir,  and   Secretary  Stanton    forwarded   it,  in 
due  course,  to  Capt.iin    lladilock    lor  a  reply. 
The  Captain  had  thought  the  matter  over,  and 
the  c.ise  of  the  Ste.inier   Caroline  which  was 
(  aptiired    many    years    before    at    S(  hlosser's 
Landing,  in  the  Niagara  River,  by  liritish  sub- 
jects—  one  man  being  killed,  and  the  steamer 
set  on  lire  and  sent  over  the  l-'alls -- seemed  to 
him  a  fair  set  off,  inasmuch  as  theai  I  was  highly 
appl.iiiiK'd  by  the  llriiish   (lovernment   at   the 
lime.   What  was  s.une  for  the  goose  he  thought 
might  bes.uice  for  the  gander  —  internationally 
considered,    lint  this  defence  and  explanation 
were  deemed  insiiflicient,  and  a  general  order 
w.is  read  to  the  regiment   dismissing  Captain 
John    .\.  Haddock    from   the   service,   for   his 
midnight    r.iid    into    llriiish    territory  on    the 
St.     I.awren.e     River,    at    the    head     of    five 
bra\e    .\ineri<au   sokliers.      His   official    head 
was    off-- but     he     still      lived.        He     made 
hasle     to    Washington,    ,md    at    once     called 
u|ion    Secretary    Stanton.      "  ( )h."    said     the 
Secretary,  "  you    are   Captain    Haddock,   who 
invaded  Canada  with  a  force  of  five  men  and 
c.iptured   two  American   deserters,  and  whom 
we    ha\e    just     dismissed    from     the     service 
be(  ause   the    llriiish    Minister  demanded  this 
thing  done."     I'ausing  a  moment,  he  added  ; 
"  N'o  matter,  Captain,  we  had    to  dismiss  you 
for  your  act,  under  all  the  circumstances,  but 
I  will  give  you  a  better  i)osition  right   away," 
and   he    had  a  lommission    as    Major   in    the 
Reserve  Corps  issued  and  signed  by  President 
Lincoln  the  same  afternoon.     It   remains  one 
of    the  most  precious  souvenirs  of  the  gallant 
Major  to  this  day.      It  is  evidence  of  the  both 
laughable  and  serious  performance  which  took 
jilace  in   the  jiale  moonlight,  on  an  island  in 
the  St.    Lawrence,  where   a   blow    vvas    struck 
that,    literally,   later   on,   "echoed    round   the 
world."     True,  its  tones  did   not  create  much 
of  a  commotion,  but   they   helped    make    the 


II 


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I'i'! 


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-74 


.;  .s('/'i7;.\7A'  ('/•■  ////■:  si:  i..iwri:.\ci-:  av/'aa'. 


(.li.iii.iMHi  (if  hi>t(iiv.  and  the  event  is  believed 
to  lie  lillini;!)'  wnrthy  of  a  place  in  this 
Sniiveiiii-  hi^tiiiN  of  the  inajestii'  ii\  er  this  same 
Major  Haddiii  k  is  i/ieiianng  lor  the  public. 

l!lia;K  M'HU  Al.    SkKIXH. 

The  following  notice,  taken  from  the  ll'ti/i/- 
lowii  Diiilx  Tiiiirs  ol"  Ajiril  ,5,  1S95,  contains  a 
brief  but  clear  biograiihical  notice  ol  the 
author  of  the  deeiily  inleresiii\L;  cliapter  of  his 
toric  rcinini^cenc  es  which  are  printed  on  the 
preceding  pages.  It  i>  inserted  here  because 
it  tersely  iles(ribcs  in  part,  Col.  Shaw's  ser- 
vices to  the  counlr\  in  war  and  peace. —  [Till-: 
V.\n\o\i. 
An   ICni.mm;   w  i  i  u    ihi,  (lRi:\r.  —  .\    I,  \ki;i-,  .\ri>i- 

I  \i  1:   1  ll.AK^    I'.l  ui.l   K\  r    I'ol;  I  k  A'l  AI  S    111     >ciNn;iU 

I  III'.  Wmki.ii's   1"  Willi  ■-  Ml  \. 

'•  I  1r'  closing  1(  iiiiic  (if  ihf  course  al  ihc  Baptist 
cluiich  l.isi  (  vLMiiiit;  wa>  a  cliarmiii^'  evciil.  I'lic 
liidieiicr  was  laiijc  and  aii]iiccianvc,  and  (heir  .it- 
trniion  never  ll.iiigcil  for  a  nioiiu-nt.  Major  J.  A. 
Ihiddock  prcs.dcd,  and  Mr.  Sfviiiour  Knowlton 
saui;  a  soio  willi  ;_;ieal  Ice  lini;,  and  trave  a  dcliiflufnl 
encore,  cliarniin<4  ihe  .ludience  liy  liis  reinarkalile 
void'.  The  cli.iiiinan  in  inlrodncing  tlie  dis- 
tiui^uislieil  speaker,  said: 

"  Wlien  I  joined  tlie  3?tli  regiment,  it  was  in  the 
tielil.  .\t  I'.ills  Chiircli,  diiiing  our  lirst  winter's 
cantonment,  I  made  llie  acipiaint.uice  of  a  yonng 
m.m  in  Company  "A.'  The  comiiany  contained 
lirob.ililv  more  capable  yonnu;  iiioii  than  any  other 
tliat  went  from  [elleison  county,  perhaps  froir  -iiy 
other  section.  I'poii  its  rolls  were  the  nam,,  of 
C.cn.  Hradley  \Vin>low,  Col.  FCnos.  Col.  I).  M. 
IC\ans,    Capt.     Ileniy    Chittenden,    Lieut.    Morgan, 


("apt.   Heckwith,  Capl.   I.illle.  I.ieit.  (irceiileaf.  and 
others  ei|ually  as  bright,  a  wonderfully  capable   lot 
of  young  men.     'I'his  young  in. hi,  who  was  destined 
to  piove  himself  the  peer  of  the  best  of   l.iese.  had  a 
f.ue   like  an    intci  rogation    poinl.  one    etei:Kil    ipies- 
tion—.ilwav-'  wanting   to  lind  out    somctliing.      \\\> 
pursuit  of  knowledge  w. IS  phenomenal,  an  honorable 
ami  maiked  charaiteristic  to  possess,      lie  ti.imped 
and  foiigiit  with  us  .ill  through  the  habitable  parts  of 
\'irgini.i,  ever   present,  ever  hopeful,  the   racontiiir, 
'le    cliarmmg   storyteller.       lie  was   in   the    thickest 
of  the  light  at  F  ilmoiitli,  .it  rredericksbiirg.  al  Cedar 
Mount. lin.  at   White   Sulphur  Spiings.  at  (iroveton. 
at  Second    Hull  Run.  al   Chanlilly.  al    South   Moun- 
tain.   .11  .\iilic>lam  —  he  w.is  ineveiy  place    where  the 
regiiiienl    w.is,  for    it    never  went    into    cinip    unless 
this  young    man  willi   the    impiiring    face  was   there, 
up  in   lime  with   .,  clean  gun,  and  with  a  hue   lot   of 
ammunition,      lie  sharetl  in  our  ingloricuis  provost 
dutv  for  the  best  part  of  a  loiig  year.      I  hroiigh   the 
Walertown  papers  1  kept  track  of  him,  .uul  after  he 
was  honorably  discharged    \  saw  that  liis  name  was 
in   everv  good  work.      At  last  I  heard  of  him   as  the 
representative  of    this   great    nation    in    one  of    the 
greatest  commercial  cities  of  the  world,  a  city  cele- 
bralHl    even    in    a    whole     kingdom     of    greatness. 
There  he  •  jusiiiicd  the   hoiiois  lie  bad  gained,'  and 
his    associates    in    M.inchester    thought    it    right    to 
shower  upon  him   many  m.irlis  of  well  earned   dis- 
tinction.     In   this   model   soldier,  this   good    citi/.en, 
this  pattern  luisband  and  |)arenl,  this  Christian  gen- 
tleman, wiih  thai    same    impiisilive    face   luriied    to- 
wards  knowledge,   von   will    rccogni/e    my  beloved 
comrade,   Cm..    Shaw,    whom    I   Ik-.vc    the  honor  to 
present  to  this  large  audience  in  intelligent  and  dis- 
criminating  Watertown.     The   colonel    will   talk    to 
you  of  the  men  he  has   met   in   his  long  and  varied 
service  as  a  public  ollicer  of  the   .American  govern- 
ment, not  onlv  in  Canaila,  but  in  the  British  Islands." 


FRANK    H.   TAYLOR. 


Amonc,  the  favored  residents  at  the  pleas- 
ant summer  colony  of  Round  Island  there  are 
none  better  known  01  more  enthusiastic  re- 
garding the  charms  of  the  Thousani  Islands 
th.m  Mr.  Fk ank  II.  I'avi.or.  one  of  the  i^iw 
riiiladelphians  who  spend  their  summer  in 
this  regioti.  After  much  and  varied  tr.ivel  as 
an  illustrator  ,ind  writer,  Mr.  Taylor  came  to 
the  St.  Lawrence  ui)on  a  mission  for  Harper's 
Weekly  in  rS.Si,  and  at  once  recognizing  the 
certainty  of  its  supremacy  as  a  summer  resort. 


he  built  the  pretty  cottage  at  the  foot  of 
Round  Island,  which  he  calls  "  Shady  Ledge." 
Mr.  'i'aylor.  with  his  wife  and  only  son.  who 
is  .dso  ,in  artist,  return  here  each  season  with 
great  regularity  in  June,  and  devote  the  sum- 
mer to  the  congenial  work  of  the  water  color- 
ist.  Mr.  'I'.ivlor's  illustrations  of  islaiul  life, 
accompanied  b\  vi\id  descriptions,  have  ap- 
jicared  in  m.itiy  publications,  .md  have  tlone 
mmh  to  ))opulari/e  the  l)eautiftil  islands 
throughout    the    <()untry.      'I'lie   writer  is  in- 


? 


CN.l.XD    \!/:W   /'.IRK. 


~i  3 


dcbtcd  for  several  pictiucsiiuc  (  ha|ilcrs  in  tliis  lie  ilcsircs  lo  pixsciU.      This   is  a   mo>l  hap|)y 

work   to    Mr.     I'aylor's    facile    pen.      lie    lias  coaibination  of  talent,  as  valu.ible  as  it  is  rare, 

clone    more    to    populari/e   tiio   St.  Lawrence  Mr.  Taylor's  deline.ilions  have  been  delicate 

.Vrchipelago  than  any  other  man.     This  he  has  but   most  expressi\e.      He   is  one  who  brings 

been  enableil  to  do   from   the  fact    that   he  is  the  love  of  nature  into  his  work,  fully  believ- 

not    only  a    line  writer,  but    an   artist   as  well.  inp  that   honest  delineation    of   scenery  niucl'. 

and  can  both  describe  and  delineate  anything  above  an)'  attempt  to  introduce  fancy  effects. 


.i  i 


!'i 


GRAND    VIEW    PARK. 


l'5*\\  the  north-wi'stern  point,  at  the  lie. id  of 
W'ellesle)'  Isl.ind,  is  located  tik WD  \'lKW 
I'akk.  .\  more  apiiroju  i.ile  name  for  this 
charming  spot  it  would  be  diflicidt  to  conceive. 
Nature  has  been  kind  in  its  endowment  of 
(pialities  \,du,d)le  in  a  summer  resort:  jutting 
far  out  into  the  waters,  with  the  C'anadi.in 
main  channel  on  one  side  and  I'.el  Hay  on  the 
other,  it  receives  the  presailing  west  wind 
fresh  and  pure  full  in  its  lace  —  yet  be(  ause  of 
the  thrifty  growth  of  young  forest  trees,  almost 
covering  its  surf.ice,  visitors  at  this  Park  may 
find  shelter  when  ilesirable  from  the  winds, 
blow  whence  they  may. 

The  iirominitory  lies  high  and  di\,  and  frotii 
the  he.ul,  on  \\hi(  h  stands  the  comfijrtable 
(Irand  \'iew  House,  with  its  broad  piaz/.is, 
may  be  seen  both  main  shores  and  many  of  the 
nia/v  islands  lying  between.  (Ir.md  \'iew  be- 
ing .ibout  lour  miles  from  the  .American  and 
three  from  the  C.madi.m  shore.  .\  Tine  sandy 
bathing  be.ich,  extending  gr.ulualh'  into  deep 
water,  rendei-,  bathing  safe  even  ftu'  women 
and  children.  It  is  a(  knowledged  to  be  the 
fmest  beach  among  the  islands,  and  man\- 
yachting  parlies  from  Alexandri.i  Hay,  Round 
Island,  Thousand  Island  I'ark  and  other  re- 
sorts spend  the  afternoon  pleasantly  at  this 
point.  Fishermen  who  sojourn  at  (Irand  View 
I'ark  say  they  are   "  right  in  it." 

.\mong  the  »-ery  desirable  (jualilies  of  the 
pkice  is,  that  bi'ing  in  the  center  of  the  river, 
it  is  ju.it  off  the  great  thoroughfares  of  travel, 
and  hence  affords  ils  guests  and  ( ottagers  the 
much  sought-for  rest,  comfort  and  (piielude 
whicb  ihey  leave  their  l(.)wn  homes  lo  Inid. 

In   conncccion   with  the  hotel   are   sever.d 


annex  ( <jttages  where  m.niy  of  the  guests  lind 
just  the  (piarters  they  most  prefer,  and  fishing 
aiul    boating   ]).irtie>  on    the   ri\er    from  other 


I  i;  \NN   II.  I  \\ :  "U,  I  III    \i;  1 1^1 

point>  I  onie  to  the  hotel  in  great  numbers  lor 
dinner. 

The  inivate  cottages  .is  well  as  hotels  are 
served  with  water  from  the  reservoir  tanks, 
whi(  h  are  frecpiently  llooded  from  the  waters 
of  the  river  pumped  from  beyond  the  head  of 
the  jiark. 

The  post-offlce,  established  three  years  .ig(\ 
receives  and  dispati  lies  mails  twice  ilaily,  ,ind 
,it  the  dock  I'ncle  S.iin's  customs  ofticer 
will  attend  to  the  imposts  and  other  duties  of 
hi^  office.  The  dixks  are  ample  for  tlu'  land 
ing  of   any  of  the    T'olger   bo, its,  and   on  her 


s"r 


I ' '. !  '   i 


I     i 


is  '< 


I 


A  soriKX/R  or  ///a  si:  /.,iir/c/:.\(  /■.  h-ni:h\ 


ramble  .111(1  stMirh  lii;ht^  tiips  tlu;  "  St. 
LawrciHC  "  m.ikcr.  Lmdinj;  here  at'ler 
le.ivinj;  ClaylDii,  mi  all  cK^'a^ion--  tle- 
siied,  while  the  l'ark\  nwn  terrylmal 
iiiaken  fiiiiii  lour  tu  right  loiiiid  trips 
daily  to  'riKiusaiul  l-laiul  I'ark.  where 
coiineetiiin  is  iiiaile  u  iih  ullur  line  ste;iiii- 
ers  lOr  pciints  up  or  ilciwii  the  river. 

'I'he  foiindiiiL;  nt'  (Iraiul  N'iew  I'ark 
was  due  tn  the  rilnii-.  III'  the  uell  known 
Ixjok  jiublisher,  Mr.  llaiiiilidii  ('hihi,  ot 
S\  r.iriise,  N.  \  ..  A  jj,(.'ntleni.in  who  h.id 
tdr  many  \ears  spent  portions  ot  his 
sumiiiers    on    the    water,   .uul    in    more 


recent      years    at      the 
'I'housand  Islands. 

lond  of  fishing  and 
rowing.  In;  li.ul  often 
noticed  in  \\\>  wander- 
ings the  beautiful  loca- 
tion o|'thi>  sight!)-  point 
and  the  ni,ignili( -enl 
\  iews  obtained  from  its 
surface.  liiialh,  in 
1885.  he  jKirc  h.ised  the 
site,  enibr, icing  twentv- 
h\e  acres  of  l.ind.  and 
wiih  the  aid  of  Mr.  V.. 
A.  lloiid,  then  chief 
engineer  nf  tlie  I'lic.i 
and  111. 11  k  l\i\er  Kail- 
road,  lie  surseyed  the 
park  into  blocks  .iiid 
lots,  (\'\\  ided    b\    about 


.ll\II-K    or     rill     iMi'K.    MiANl)    \11\\     lAKk 


two  and   one-ipi. liter  miles    of    a\eniies 
;       and   rambles  —  lU'W   buildings   appe.ired 

—  impro\i'iiieiits    which    are    still   going 
•;       on  e.K  h  ye.ir.      I'ifty-niue  buildings  lots 

are   now   in   pri\.ile   hands,  while  iiearlv 

one  hundred  and  seveiitv  are  yet  in  the 
j      m.irket  for  purchasers. 
I  The  vi>l.is  from  "The  Held,"  "  l!ay- 

I      si<le,"    "Prospect    Point,"   and    "  ( )ver- 

look,"  are  varied  and  charming,  —  from 

the  l.itte-r  point  and  vicinity  the  views 
«-■  K      (■ommand    ne.irly    the    entire    Canadian 

town  of  ( l.inanoipie  —  its  electric  lights 
■«i\*      in    the    cxcniiig.   gl.iring    like   so    many 


ill 


mI 


iiS 


jl 


% 


-I   .1"'  .g^^gagggw 


mmmm 


Ml 
((  I   1 


i 


i  ,i 


i 


\m 


I  i 


I 

:  N   i  I 


III  i 


CfA\l.\7>    I  J i:\l-   I'.IKK. 


ON     I  III      I  AWN.       CHAMi    \ll\\     IIUI  ^K. 


■i  1  i  1  t  f  r  i  n  - 
st.irs.  I'Altv 
lot  ()  II  t  li  i  ■- 
p. Ilk,  w  L'  ,iro 
ill  t'oriiu'il,  !■> 
suitable  lui 
1)  11  i  1  (1  i  n  i; 
upon. 

Ml.  Cliikl. 
w  li  i  1  (.■  r  V  - 
(■(iiinliiiL;  his 
own  L'llurts 
in  uphuildiny 
this  (  oniluri- 
ahh'  and  de- 
lightful resort 
for  tho^L'  who 
make  it  their 
ahidin^  place 
in  \aeatioi) 
time,     reverts 

also  with  commend, Tole  pii(K'  to  the  lahurs  ot  Irom  Henry,  one  ot  the  orii;inal  settlers  under 
his  i;randfather  and  of  his  father  in  connection  William  I'eiin,  then  livin-  near  riiiladeli.hi.i, 
with  the  two  principal  vilhigcs  of  the  island  ra.,(aiuot(j  lirowiuille  in  iSo.^  1>\  tlirec  tion 
region,  Alexandria  11. ly  and  Clayton,  and  a  of  James  1  >.  LeKay  de  C'hauniciiit,  to  i  MiUer 
hrief  account  of  whi(  h  may  not  he  uninterest-  with  his  agent,  Jacoh  llrown,  alierward  (fil- 
ing to  the  general  reader.  Cadwaliader  Child,  eral  of  theAmeri(,in  forces  on  the  northern 
the  grandfather  of  Hamilton,  fourth  in  descent      frontier  in    the    war    of    1812-14.    relative  to 

projec  I  e  d 
roads  Mr. 
Child  was 
to  sursey. 
( )ne  of  his 
first  roads 
was  tlial 
ficiiu  the 
site  of 
1''  r  i  e  n  (1  s' 
settlement 
(  rhiladel- 
p  h  i  a )  to 
_4  the  St. 
Law  reiH  e, 
■-  i  n  (  e 
known  as 
the  "  .\le\- 
.1  n  d  I  i  a 
road,"  and 

I'lAZ/.A    (.UANll    \II.\S     lllHsK,     IIImI^ANH    I:,I.ANI)s.  it       WaS       in 


1|! 


,1'     . 

:t  i 


I 


I 


III 

III 


1  I 


i: 
1  i 


IiO 


./   .v)//7;.\VA'   ('/     ////■:   S/\  /..;  M7v7..\l7.    i<i\  ir. 


thai  same  summer  lio  selected  tlie  site  of  i/ed  a  compain  (if  I'Vieiid-.  wlm  with  ilicir 
Alexandria  Hay  for  a  |iort  and  village,  and  families  returned  and  -.ettleil  in  l'liila(lel|ihia. 
liy  his  recommendation  a  mile  si|uare  was  >et  ( !aihvalladei- ( 'hild  made  the  \\\~,\  clearing;,  and 
a]iart  jjy  Mr.  LeRay  for  that  puriJose.  his  snu  Oliver,  father  of  ILimiMnn.  was  ihe 
( )n  that  survey  he  also  selected  and  rec  om-  --econd  child  horn  in  ihal  town.  lie,  l^o,  he- 
mended  the  site  of  Thero.i  t'oi'  a  villa_tj;e.  He  i  ame  ,i  |.ronnnenl  snrwvoi-  fm'  Mr.  I,eka\ .  and 
afieru.ird  wenl  back    to    I'miibyh  ani.i,  ori^.m-  in   |S;;  he  resur\e\ed  ihi-  vill,ii;e  of  Cl.ivloi). 


WHAT  CAUSED  THE  GREAT  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER.  AND  WHY   DC  ES  IT 

FLOW  WHERE   IT  DOES? 

i'urr\Ki  n  i:\'  i.   \.  immi--.  <  .  k.,  lu   w  \  i  ikrnwx. 

/^r  1  Il'lSE  nrc  questions  that  will  e\er  present       the  law,  ha->  on    the    ra(  il'n     side  —  the  --ide  of 

•      themselves  as  the  majesty  and  immensil\'       the   L;ri.al    ocean  —  the    Kockv    .Mount, iins,  on 
of  tlii>   noble   river  im]>resses   itself   upon  tis.       the   .Xthmtic   -ide   the   low    .Xppalai  hians,  and 

I'rof.  James  1).  Daii.i,  of  Vale  College, 
in  his  Manual  of  Cieok/gv,  declares  it  is 
not  by  ( hance,  or  ,i  hajihazard  circum- 
stance, that  there  is  a  gre,it  water-course 
llowing  thro\igh  a  valley  to  the  eastu.ird 
in  the  middle  of  the  Xorth  .\meri(  an 
continent;  but  that  it  i-.",i  l,iw  of  the 
system  of  surface-forms  of  (ontinents." 
In  his  (  ha])ter  on  Pin >iographi(  Cieoiouy 
he  says  : 

"  lir^l.  The  lontinetits  h.ive  in  gen- 
eral elevatetl  m(  imtain-borders  and  a 
low  or  basin-like  interior. 

"  Secondl>'.  The  highest  border  lace: 
the  l.irger  ocean. 

"  .\  stir\ev  of  the  continents  in  suc- 
cession with  reference  to  this  law  will 
exhibit  l)oth  the  unity  of  system  among 
them  and  the  jieculiarities  of  each,  de- 
pendent on  their  different  relations  to 
tlie  oceans. 

"The  two  .\mericas  are  alike  in  lying 
between  the  Athmtic  and  the  I'acilii  : 
moreoNcr,  South  .\nierica  is  set  so  f,ir  to 
the  east  of  Xorth  Ameri<a  (being  east  of 
the  meridian  of  Niagara  I'alls),  that  ea(  h 
has  .111  almost  entire  ocean-contour. 
Moreover,  each  is  triangular  in  (jutline, 
with  the  widest  part,  or  head,  to  the 
north. 

"  N(jrtli  Ameri(  a,  in  accordance  w  illi 


1  .\l   I  I  .U    AM'    I  Ul/I  . 


i: 


(  ; 


m 


*        I 


I     i 


ill 


i^^ 


ir//.i7  r.us/:/}   riii:  i,i<i:.ir  sr.  /,ni-K/:.\i  /    av/v-.a- 


'■^2, 


l)i-lw(.fii  tliL'  iwo  llicic  is  till.'  j^icat  plain  ul'  llif 
interior. 

"  To  llic  norlli  of  Norlli  America  lies  the 
small  .\r(  tir  ocean,  nuK  h  encuml)ere(l  with 
ianil  ;  and,  ( orrespondinyly,  there  is  no  dis- 
tinct monntain-cliain  facing;  the  ocean. 

"  The  characteristics  of  the  interior  plain  of 
the  continent  are  well  displayed  in  its  river 
system-,  :  the  great  Mississipjii  system  turned 
to  the  south,  and  makin}^  its  exit  into  the  (iiilf 
ot  Me\ico  between  the  ajiproaching  extremi- 
ties ot"  the  eastern  and  western  mountain 
range;  the  St.  Lawrence  sloping  off  north- 
eastward; the  Mackenzie,  to  the  northward; 
the  (  cntral  area  of  the  plain  dividing  the  tliree 
systems  being  only  about  1,700  feet  above  the 
ocean,  a  less  elevation  than  about  the  head- 
waters of  the  Ohio  in  the  State  of  New  \'ork. 
"South  America,  like  North  America,  has. 
its  gieat  western  range  of  mountains,  and  its 
smaller  eastern;  and  the  l!ra/,ilian  line  is 
closely  parallel  ■>  that  of  the  Ap|)alacliians. 
As  the  Andes  fai  e  the  South  Pacifi<-,  a  wiiler 
and  probably  much  deeper  o(  ean  than  the 
North  Pacific,  so  they  are  more  than  twice  the 
height  of  the  Kocky  Mountains,  and.  more- 
oxer,  they  rise  more  abruptly  from  the  ocean, 
with  narrow  shore  jilains. 

"  Unlike  North  America,  South  Ameri(  a  has 
a  broad  ocean  on  the  north- — the  North  At- 
lanti<',  in  its  longest  diameter  ;  and.  ai cord- 
ingly,  this  northern  <  oast  has  its  mountain 
chain  reaching  along  through  \ene/uela  and 
Ciuiana. 

"'I'he  drainage  of  South  America,  as  observed 
by  Professor  Ciuyot,  is  ( losely  parallel  with 
that  of  North  America,  'i'here  are  first,  a 
southern  —  the  l,.i  Plata  —  reaching  the  At- 
lantic towards  the  south,  between  the  converg- 
ing east  and  west  chains,  like  the  .\Iississip[)i; 
second,  an  eastern  system  —  that  of  the  Ama- 
zon—  corresponding  to  the  St.  Lawrence, 
reaching  the  same  ocean  just  north  of  the 
eastern  mountain  border;  and,  third,  a  northern 
system —  that  of  the  Orinoco  —  draining  the 
slo[)es  or  mountains  north  of  the  Amazon 
system.  The  two  Americas  are  tiius  singu- 
larly alike  in  system  of  structure;  they  are 
built  on  one  mo<lel." 


Thus  one  of  tlu'  most  noted  and  most  (  red- 
ited  geologists  of  our  time,  dei  hires  it  to  be 
as  it  were  a  fixed  l,iw,  in  the  fi)rming  of  con- 
tinents, that  there  shoidd  be  a  great  river  sys- 
tem llowing  from  the  middle  portion  of  each 
continent  eastward,  or  toward  the  lesser  ocean. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  ( onditions  of 
this  lo(  ality  in  the  earlier  ages  of  the  world, 
with  regard  to  subsidences  and  elevations  of 
the  earth's  (rust,  it  is  ipiite  jjrobable  that  the 
relation  between  the  river  valley  anil  the  ad- 
joining hills  and  mountains  has  remained 
approximatelv  the  same;  that  is,  it  was  always 
.1  valley. 

Tlu're  is  evidence,  however,  that  there  was 
an  age  when  even  this  might)'  river  was  turned 
ba(  k  upon  itself,  and  the  waters  were  refused 
an  outlet  to  the  sea.  'I'his  evidence  is  found 
in  the  elevated  lake  borders  and  gravel  or 
jiebble  ridges  that  are  to  be  seen  along  the 
adjoining  highlands  in  New  York  State  and 
Ohio. 

Prof.  (1.  I'rederii  k  Wright,  of  Oberlin  t:ol- 
lege,  in  his  book,  "The  Ice  .\ge  in  North 
.America,"  after  discussing  the  |)reseiit  topog- 
raphy of  Ohio,  and  the  evidence  that  glacial 
action  has  changed  the  course  of  manv  ancient 
streams,  says : 

"On  coining  to  the  region  of  the  (Ireat 
Lakes,  the  inlliience  of  ice-l)arriers  in  maintain- 
ing vast  boilies  of  water  at  a  high  level  is  very 
(onspicuous.  .Around  the  south  .shore  of 
I-ake  ICrie  there  i>  an  ascending  series  of 
what  are  called  lake  ridges.  These  are  com- 
])osed  of  sand  and  gravel,  and  consist  largely  of 
lo(  al  material,  and  seem  to  maintain  through- 
out their  entire  length  a  definite  level  with 
reference  to  the  lake,  though  accurate  meas- 
urements have  not  been  made  over  the  whole 
field.  The  a])proxiination,  however,  is  suffi- 
ciently iierfect  to  permit  us  to  speak  of  them 
as  maintaining  a  uniform  level.  These  ridges 
can  be  traced  for  scores  of  miles  in  a  continu- 
ous line,  and  in  the  early  settlement  of  the 
country  were  largely  utilized  for  roads.  In 
Loraine  county,  Ohio,  an  ascending  series  of 
four  ridges  can  be  distinguished  at  different 
levels  above  the  lake.  The  highest  is  from 
200  to  220  feet  above  it  ;  the  next  is  approxi- 


■I 


Il 


184 


.•;  sofi-/:.\7A'  (y-  the  >/:  /..iifk/.xc/-:  u/u-.a'. 


'■'  I 


!;    I 


iiKitcly  150  to  t6o  k'L't ;  tlu'  m'\t  lower  is  t'rnm 
100  to  iiS  Ic'tt,  and  the  iu\i  lowor  less  than 
100  ffil,  while  sonic  apiicar  on  the  islands 
near  Sandusky,  which  arc  not  over  70  feet 
above  the  water  level.  I'.astward  Itdni  lluf- 
lalo  portidiis  (if  tins -.eries  have  been  traced, 
accordiiiL;  to  Ciilheri,  until  ihe\'  (lisa|ipear 
against  the  hii;hlan(l>,  near  Alden.  on  the 
l'',rie  railroad. 

"'I'hat  the  ridijes  on  I.akc  l'".rie  mark  tem- 
porary shore-line^  of  the  lakes  cannot  well  be 
(loul)ted,  for  they  are  not  relatetl  to  an\  great 
natural  lines  of  drainage,  but  follow  the  wind- 
ings of  a  definite  le\'el,  receding  from  the  lake 
wherever  there  is  a  transverse  valley,  and 
forming  in  >ome  1  a>es  i)arallel  iinbankiiienls 
on  either  side  of  such  \alle\',  running  inland 
as  far  as  to  the  general  level  ol  the  se- 
ries, and  then  ritu.iiing  on  il^i'lf  upon  tl:C 
other  side,  to  strike  off  again  jiarallel  with 
the  shore  at  the  same  level.  Their  relation 
to  the  lake  is  aUo  shown  bv  the  local  charac- 
ter of  the  material.  It  is  usually  such  as 
would  wash  U])  on  the  shore  out  of  the  rock 
in  iilace.  In  the  sandstone  region  the  ridges 
arc  largely  m.ide  up  of  sand,  mingled  with 
fragments  from  the  general  glacial  deposit. 
( )vcr  the  regions  of  out-cropping  shales,  the 
ritlges  are  composed  largely  of  the  hanler 
nodules  which  have  suc<'cssfiilly  rcsisteil  the 
attrition  of  the  waves.  ( )ther  evidences  that 
they  are  shore-deposits  are  their  stratit'u  ation, 
the  relative  steepness  of  iheir  sides  toward  the 
lake  and  the  fre<|uent  occurrence  of  the  frag- 
ments of  wood  buried  at  greater  ru' lc>s  dejiths 
on  their  outer  margin. 

It  neeil  not  be  said  that  there  has  l)een 
much  >pe(  ulation  concerning  tlu'  cause  wlii(  h 
iiiaintLiined  the  waters  of  the  lakes  at  the 
levels  indicated  by  these  ritlges,  and  permitted 
them  to  fall  from  the  level  of  one  to  that  of 
another  in  successive  stages,  so  suddenly  as 
they  seem  to  have  done;  for,  from  the  absence 
of  intermediate  deposits,  it  is  e\  ident  that  the 
formation  of  one  ridge  had  no  sooner  been 
comi)leted  than  the  one  at  the  next  lower 
level  began  to  form.  In  the  earlier  stages  of 
glacial  investigation,  before  the  full  ])ovver 
and  flexibility  of  glacial  ice  were  apprec  iated. 


and  before  the  exact  course  of  the  southern 
bound, iry  of  the  ii  e-shei'l  w.is  known,  llie 
elev.ition  of  the  water  to  produce  lhe>e  ridges 
uas  sU|iposeil  to  have  resiilled  either  from  a 
general  subsidence  c>f  the  whole  region  to  the 
oc  e,in  level,  or  from  the  elev.itiiui  of  a  rockv 
barrier  .u  ross  the  outlet.  Ilolli  these  thecuies 
were  .itteiided  with  insuperable  dilliciilties. 
Ill  the  tiist  pi. ice,  there  is  no  such  amount  of 
coU.iler.il  evidence  to  sup|iort  the  theory  of 
general  subsidence  as  there  sliouUl  be  if  it 
really  had  occ  iirred.  The  subsiileiu  e  of  the 
lake  region  to  such  an  extent  would  have  left 
countless  oilier  marks  over  a  wide  eMeiil  of 
country;  but  such  marks  are  not  to  be  t'oiind. 
I'",spec  i.illy  is  there  an  absence  of  evidences  of 
marine  life.  The  c  .iiisc  was  evidently  more 
local  th.in  th.it  of  .1  gener.il  subsidence.  The 
theory  of  the  elevation  of  a  rocky  barrier 
uciiild  also  seem  to  be  ruled  out  of  the  lield 
by  the  fact  that  no  other  direct  evidence  can 
be  found  of  suc;h  leceiit  local  disturbances. 
Such  facts  as  we  have  jioint  to  a  subsidence 
,it  the  east  rather  than  to  an  elevation. 

Hill  a  glance  at  the  course  ol  the  terminal 
moraine,  and  at  the  relation  of  the  outlels  of 
these  lakes  to  the  great  ice  movements  of  the 
glaci.il  period,  brings  to  view  a  most  likelv 
cause  for  this  former  enlargement  and  increase 
in  height  of  the  surface  of  the  lower  lakes.  It 
will  be  noticed  that  the  gl.icial  front  near 
New  \u\k  citv'  was  about  100  miles  further 
south  than  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  liulTalo. 
I  lence  the  natural  outlet  to  the  great  lakes 
though  the  Mohawk  \"alley  would  not  have 
been  opened  until  the  ice-front  over  New 
iMigland  and  I^astern  New  \'ork  had  retreated 
to  till'  north  well-nigh  150  miles.  .A  similar 
amount  of  retreat  of  the  ice-front  from  its 
farthest  extension  in  Cattaraugus  county,  in 
New  \'ork,  would  have  carried  it  back  thirty 
miles  to  the  north  of  Lake  Ontario,  while  a 
simil.ir  amount  of  retreat  from  eastern  ()hio 
vvoulil  have  'eft  nearly  all  the  jiresent  bed  of 
Lake  Mrie  free  from  glacial  ice.  With  little 
doubt,  therefore,  we  have,  in  the  lake  ridges 
of  Upper  ("anada,  New  York  and  Ohio,  evi- 
dence of  the  existence  of  an  ice  barrier  whic  h 
continued    to    till    the  vallev  of   the    Mohawk, 


''Jl 


^  i 

y.'  I 

V  ' 

■/  • 

t  i 


■  f 


'■  t 


1  I 

■I  i 


M 


J 


■  \i' 


/(■////■  (If  s//>  nil   r.Ki  AT  si:  i.iwh-ixtr.  A'/iia'' 


38; 


and  (  Imki-  up  llir  oiitkl  tliroiij^h  tlu'  St.  I,.i\\- 
rcni  I',  Imiij;  alter  iIk;  ^;la(ial  froiU  faitliiT  to 
till.'  west  liad  witlidr.iwii  ilscll  U>  Canada  Miil. 
A  study  1)1  tlicxj  ridges  may  yi't  slu'd  iin|ii)r- 
taiil  linlit  ii|i()ii  the  iLiij^tli  (it  time  during 
wliicii  tins  ill'  barrier  luntiiiiiei!  across  the 
valley  ol    the  .Mnliawk. 

liy  the  work  of  our  lot  al  (  ivil  engineers  in 
and  about  Jelterson  i  oimly,  it  has  been  found 
that  the  gravel  depoNits  and  beds  of  water- 
worn  pebbles  founil  along  the  iir.'^t  estar|iment 
of  the  Rutland  Hills  and  the  Dry  Hills,  so 
i  alleil,  of  Jefferson  ixniiity,  i  orrespoud  in 
actual  elevation  with  about  loo  feet  above  the 
level  of  Lake  Mrie,  and,  therefore,  ipiite  |)rob- 
ably  mark  a  shore-line  of  the  same  lake  re- 
ferred to  by  Professor  Wright,  .is  marked  by 
gravel  ridges  along  the  south  shore  of  Lake 
Mrie  and  as  loo  feet  above  its  level,  and  being 
caused  by  the  damming  u|i  of  both  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  Mohawk  River  valley  >.  In 
this  way  we  can  also  llnd  a  iilausible  theory 
for  the  formation  of  our  own  lower  gravel 
ridges,  in  the  fact  that  after  the  gl, icier  front 
hail  receded  farther,  and  the  Mohawk  \'alley 
was  opened  as  an  outlet,  the  great  iidanil  lake 
was  ilravvn  down  to  a  correspondingly  lower 
level,  and  its  waves  and  surface  motion  lashed 
a  new  shore-line,  and  gave  us  a  new  line  of 
ridges  and  water-worn  pebble.-.. 

The  grooves  ,ind  lines,  and  the  polishing  of 
the  rocks  in  jell'ersou  countv,  show  plaiidy 
that  the  general  direction  of  the  moving  ice  of 
this  locality  was  in  parallel  lines  with  the  gen- 
er.d  direction  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  only 
the  ice  was  moving  up-stream  or  to  the  south- 
east. The  streams  and  valleys  of  jelferson 
aiul  St.  Lawrence  counties  also  in  general 
follow  the  same  trend.  The  ()swegatihie 
and  the  Indian  Rivers  (low  first  southwesterly 
and  then,  making  a  sharp  turn,  each  How 
!)aik  .ilmosl  parallel  with  their  former  course 
and  with  the  guiding  trend  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Even  the  (Irassand  Raquette  Rivers, 
further  east,  I'md  themselves  swung  around 
into  this  general  course.  The  same  course  is 
followed  in  the  ileej)  valley  known  as  Rutland 
Hollow,  about  three  miles  east  of  the  city  of 
Watertown,  and   the  .Sandy  ("reek  and  Stony 


llrook  m  the  southerly  |i.irt  ol  Jefferson 
roiinty  follow  the  same  gener.d  ciuir^e.  The 
lilack  River  itself,  from  the  (ire, it  ISend  to 
U'atcrtovv  11,  takes  the  same  i  otirse,  and  a  v.il- 
ley  now  oct  upied  by  low,  ■^wampv  l.iiul  con- 
tinues the  same  direction  to  the  lake,  though 
the  rivir  itsell,  from  W.itirtowu  citv,  t.ikes  a 
lower  and  shorter  ilirei  tioii  through  rocky 
gorges  to  its  present   mouth    .it   Hexter. 

I'uring  the  period  of  this  higher  glacial  lake 
the  mouth  of  the  lil.ick  River  must  have  been 
ne.ir  Carth.ige,  .md  the  great  sand  dejiosits  in 
the  towns  of  LeRay  and.  W'ilna,  known  as  the 
I'ine  Plains,  were  probably  the  shoal  water  or 
sand-bar  formation,  su<  h  as  usti.illy  oceurs  at 
the  mouth  of  a  strc.im  where  it  enters  a  lake 
or  sea.  There  w.is  also,  probably,  a  glacier 
coming  down  the  IJl.u  k  River  X'.illey  and  join- 
ing in,  and  following  along  with,  the  greater 
St.  Livvrence  X'.illey  glacier,  heretofore  de- 
scribed, as  moving  to  the  south-west.  The 
.diDve  l.ii  t  is  proven  by  the  well-ilet'med  me- 
di.il  luor.iine,  extending  lYom  near  Carthage 
through  near  Tylerville  and  the  towns  of 
Roilm.in  .ind  i'lllisburg,  to  the  lake  just  south 
of  LUis  village.  This  moraine  is  almost  en- 
tirely of  granitii-  stones  and  bowlders,  the 
characteristic  rock  of  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rlack  River  X'.iUey,  and  the  moraine  itself 
from  Carthage  to  the  lake  is  exactly  i)arallel 
with  the  St.  Lawrence  river. 

.\  glance  al  the  map  of  the  Thousand 
Islands  shows  the  general  outline  of  the 
islands  to  be  long  and  narrow,  ami  laid 
lengthwise  of  the  river.  .An  inspection  of  the 
rocks  ,uul  ledges,  and  hills  and  valleys  of  the 
adjoining  shores,  and  the  surface  of  the 
isl.uids  themselves,  develops  the  fact  that  all 
have  followed  the  same  law  of  direction. 

The  ice  age  no  doubt  has  wrought  great 
changes  in  the  present  surface  forms,  and  to 
its  inlluence  we  may  jiroperly  ascribe  the 
rounded  and  smoothed  surfaces  of  the  hard 
rocks  and  ledges,  but  it  is  also  probable  that 
there  was  a  general  direction  given  when  the 
.Azoic  and  Laurentian  rocks  were  cooled  off 
from  the  great  molten  mass,  and  that  the  St. 
Lawrence  X'.dlev,  with  its  adjacent  uplands, 
was  an  early  anil  original  form  of  the  surface, 


!  1 


2SS 


.•/  .v'//-/'A7A'  ('/'  rill-.  SI'.  i..\wi<i\yci.  h'/i'/h' 


1.    ' 


1 

■    I 

r- 

. 

i       ■ 


iii 


ami  that    tlir   dircci  mii    nl    the    i;lai  irr    iini\i'-  |^(li(lll■^.  ami    liic   filliii-    ii|iiif    old   (  lianiicls, 

mciil   hcfc  '.vas   diU'   In    lliis   dri^iiial   i(inl'iL:ii-  and  ihc  dt'inisiliiiL;  nt  lnii^  liiu'^  nl    ^tnms  awi] 

ration.  Imu  Idci^,  iDri'i^ii   tu    tlir    Kk  alit\    u  !u  ii    tlnv 

'riiu    i)aralK'lism,    liourvii.    ul    ilu'    ^irraiii>  arr  Uuiml.  and  the  drimsitiiiL;  of  larm' .irc.i^  of 

and  \allcvs  ol   llu-   adjoining  ii>unii\ ,  and  ilii'  saml-lnds  —  all  llicsc,  and  many  otluT  iValnrcs, 

i;rooving  and  wearing  ull    ol    tiic    rot  k_\    inn-  arc,  beyond  doubt,  the  work  ut   a  giaci.d  aLj,c. 


THE   TECHNIQUE   OF    FISHING. 


I\  (loxF.KN'iR  .\l,\  i>Kn'~  nio^I  intni.--.lin- and 
instru(  ti\c  artK  Ics  \i|Hin  tbe  liirai  Rixcr. 
1k'  lias  much  to  say  about  the  "  men  he  ha^ 
met,''  and  he  speaks  of  all  of  them  more  a-- 
beloved  comr.ides  than  as  mere  ae;|uaintanees 
or  as  the  passinL;  \isitors  of  an  hour  ;  but  he 
does  not  say  much  abnut  the  tec  hiii'|ue,  the 
apjilianees,  the  methods  of  lishin-.  itur-ell 
an  amateur,  we  base  not  failed  to  si.-ek  inlor- 
niatioii  upon  the  pnints  indicated:  and,  like 
all  .imateurs,  we  try  tn  belii've  that  there  i^ 
some  "  royal  road  to  learning;,"  b\  pur-^uiiiL; 
which  we  may  e\(  eptionalh  "  ,L;et  there  " 
without  tl'.e  labor  and  im  on\  enieiiee-  ot  learn- 
im;  1>\'  experience.  l  rom  the  ;.;reat  i/.\\is 
\\'\i,i<i.\  him-^elf  tlown  to  our  own  dav,  and 
takini^  our  distini,'uislKcl  ( iovi-.KM  u;  .\i.\.iki) 
as  one  of  the  brii^htest  te.u  hers  of  modern 
times  in  all  arts  piscatorid.  the  methods,  the 
little  incidentals  by  which  the  a-ile  w.iter- 
deni/ens  are  lured  into  the  vorac  iou^  tryiiiL;- 
l),in,  have  been  much  disputed  —  this  i^rand 
"faculty"  of  beeomini,'  ,in  expert  li->herm,in 
beint;  as  elusive,  \arious,  and  sometimes  as 
intricate  as  wooini;  one  cil'  the  lair  ^e\,  who,,' 
moods  are  often  as  contr.idic  tory  as  are  those 
of  the  most  artful  musealoii-e  or  ba^s,  and 
yet,  when  captured,  are  aluuist  "  loo  sweet 
for  anvthing."  Frotn  the  crookedest  tree- 
limb,  with  a  i)iece  of  twine  at  its  end,  to  the 
jointed  and  polished  rod,  with  linen  line  and 
silver  reel,   the  inaigin  is  wide  and  expensive. 

I'he  poorest  and  the  best  of  these  ajipliauces 
have  each  won  great  renown,  bitt  generally  in 
the  hatids  of  those  who  knc)w  how  to  use 
them,  the  fish  being  largely  democ  r.itic,  and 
as    willing  to   take   a   wrii'gling  wcuin   from  a 

pin-hook  as  from  one  of  hkinner  s  be■^t  treble- 


arranged,  fe  ither-decovated  devices.  .\s  in 
all  good  things,  in  fishing  there  aie  man\ 
methods  ;  but  in  all  lisliing,  good  b.iit  is  an 
inc.lispeiisable  adjunct.  With  it  you  feel  .is  a 
soldier  feels  with  a  good  gun  in  his  hand  ;  it 
is  his  giiarantv  of  prob.ible  success. 

'I'he  improvements  in  I'ishine  tac  kle  have 
been  immense  iluring  the  past  forl\  year-.. 
In  iS.p;,  the  writer  s.iw  the  elder  \\  alton,  long 
--inc  e  dead,  at  work  upon  spoon>  th.it  could 
not  now  be  gi\c'n  away  —  yet  of  tho-.e  rude 
.iiteinpts  he  (cinld  dispose  reailil\'  of  ,is  in.mv 
.IS  he  could  put  together.  Cliapm.m,  at 
Theresa  and  Rc)c  hester,  li,i>  made  ni,in\  beau- 
tiful and  successful  I'lshing  ap|ili,iuc  es.  Hut 
the  nio^t  -ucce-sful  man  in  the  business  for 
the  |),ist  ten  xe.'rs  h.is  been  Mr.  (',.  M. 
Skinner,  cif  Cl.iyton,  who->e  .^oocU  are  now 
known  all  ovei'  the  I'nited  St.ites  and  ('.inada. 
He  began  to  ^tnih'  the  art  piscatorial  upon  the 
(ireat  RiMr  il--elf,  liasing  been  long  a  resident 
of  ( l.inaiio'pie,  (Intario,  in  his  earU'  \otith. 
lie  fiuallv  located  .it  Clavton,  a  place  |K)s--ess- 
ing  some  advantages  not  appartait  to  the 
superficial  c)bser\er,  among  them  being  a 
prominent  .mgling  resort  .ind  the  print.'ipal 
gatew.iy  for  tourists  coming  lo  the  ri\er  o\er 
the  ciiiK  avenue  on  t'le  .\merican  side.  \i/.: 
the  N.  X.  ('.  Sv-tciu,  comprising  the  R.,  \V.  .V 
()..ancl  I.',  cS,-  r..  R.  R.  R.  It  is  tin-  distribut- 
ing |>oint  for  those  desiring  to  reach,  by 
watt  r,  the  numerous  isktnds  and  p.trks  in  its 
immecliate  \icinity,  and.  also,  the  fashion, ible 
resort,  twelve  miles  down  the  river,  ol  .\le\- 
andria  I'.av. 

In  this  rom.mtic  and  f.nored  vicinit\'  he 
servetl  his  ai)prenti(a'ship  in  fishing  and  ex- 
perimenting with  all  sorts,  sizes  ,ind  shapes  of 


1  ^' 


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////•;  Ti:cn\i(U-F.  m-  /■■/s//i.\ii. 


?9i 


.iiiilK  i.il  l).iil->  i)l)t;iiiial)lc.  lie  was  not  content, 
but  strove  to  (tinstrurt  ,i  spofjn  for  liis  own  use, 
whi<li  slioul(J  liave  deciiled  advanlaj^es  over 
any  used.  As  a  result  of  such  effort,  two 
corruj^ated  or  tinted  s|)Oons  were  inaile;  one 
being  given  to  a  t'lshing  (:om[)anion,  the  other 
lie  rcLiiined  for  jiis  own  use.  In  numerous 
practical  trials,  these  two  spoons  gave  satis- 
factory evidence  of  having  unconmion  merit, 
notably  in  the  ca[)ture,  by  his  wife  and  self, 
of  a  niiiscalonge,  measuring  four  feet  eleven 
in(  lies  in  length  and  weighing  forty  pounds. 

Mr.  Skinner  himself  says:  "  I  have  been  fre- 
quently asked,  what  I  C(jnsidered  a  spoon  to 
re|iresent,  as  revolving  while  fishing,  and  uhy 
are  I'lsh  attracted  by  them  to  such  an  extent 
that  they  will  sei/,e  them,  even  when  unpro- 
vided with  any  other  attraction  save  the  glint 
of  the  cold  nutal.  In  re])ly,  I  offer  those  of 
an  impiisitive  turn  my  humble  opinion  that 
the  motion  or  action  of  a  revoking  lure,  un- 
(piestionablv  simulates  or  means,  lite — prey, 
to  fish,  and  as  a  natural  scpience,  life  means 
food  —  sustenance." 

Mr.  Skinner  also  relates  the  following;  ".\ 
party  from  Clayton  went  to  Hay  Hay,  liay  of 
(Juinte,  to  fish  for  muscalonge.  The  water  in 
H.iy  r>.iy  is  not  very  deep  where  the  fish  .irc 
caught  and  the  weeds  come  very  ne.ir  the  sur- 
face. To  pre\'eut  the  trolling-s]>oon  fouling,  a 
gangcjf  naked  hooks  is  attached  to  the  line  some 


dist.UK  e  ahead  of  the  spo(Ml,  which  bre.iks  off 
or  pidls  up  the  weeds  and  .illows  the  spoon  U) 
go  free.  .Messrs.  I).  Pratt  and  Kdwiti  .Sey- 
mour, of  Syracuse,  were  fishing  in  one  boat. 
Mr.  Seymour,  in  letting  out  line,  felt  a  tug 
when  the  line  was  out  but  a  few  yards.  'I'urn- 
ing  he  saw  the  water  break  where  the  naked 
hook  was  and  commenced  to  haul  in,  finding 
he  had  (aught  a  nuiscahuige  upon  the  n.tked 
or  weed-guard  hook. 

"One  of  the  party  trolling  with  two  hand 
lines  caught  a  large  pike  uiid.ei  somewhat  un- 
usual circumstances.  The  voracious  fish  had 
ca])tured  one  troll  and  made  a  race  for  and 
secured  the  other,  having  both  of  them  se- 
curely hooked  in  his   mouth  when  hauled   in. 

"  A  most  unusual  occurrence  I  would  like 
to  jiku  e  on  record.  In  .August,  iScSj,  Miss 
Annie  l.ce,  at  th.it  time  eleven  years  of  age, 
while  trolling  near  ("layton  for  bass,  with  a 
No.  ^  gold  tinted  s|)oon,  which  size  is  fitted 
with  ,1  Xo.  2  hook,  struck  ami  successfully 
brought  to  boat  a  muscalonge  weighing 
thirty-six  pounds,  measuring  four  feet  six 
inches  in  length.  In  the  effort  to  secure  this 
luge  t'lsh  the  guide's  galf  was  broken,  show- 
ing the  enormous  strength  ','  the  fish,  yet  it 
was  finally  secured,  brought  in  and  exhibited 
with  those  slight  hooks  still  fast  in  its  ca|)a- 
cious  mouth  —  an  evidence  not  only  of  good 
tackle,  but  of  skillful  handling." 


l\ 


rf^^         CANADA 

1874 

"^^ 

^ 

J 

o 

z 

1  UO   OK    0.    M.    bKlNM  R's 

OMIIINAI  lUN 

liAll 

CARLTON   ISLAND  IN  THE   REVOLUTION. 


[ 

!! 


Ill  I    :   1 


!:ii:i 


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Id: 


n 


[The  following  ski  icli  (if  an  liisloru'   spot  in  tlii'  St. 
will  1)0  lead  with  pliMMirc  by  ,ill  lonrisis.      It  isfioinllif 
of  Fort  Lric,  Ontario.      This  article  is  in  no  sense  ailu| 
liiit  contains  imicli  that  is  entirely  new. J 

/^  1 1  !•',  im|iort,iiue  of  iiuiint.iiiiiiij;  :i  military 
^1  liii>t  (111  "  Isle  ,iux  Cliovreaiix,"  as  it  was 
II. lined  by  the  I'reiicli,  variously  translated  by 
lin<^lish  traders  as  "  Buck  "  or  "  Deer  Island," 
was  rceogni/.ed  by  (leneral  Halditiiaiid  itniiiedi- 
ately  after  iiis  arriv.il  at  (Jiiebee  to  assume  the 
office  of  Clovernor-(  leneral.  Traders  lor  some 
years  past  had  been  in  the  habit  of  depositing 
their  stores  at  this  i)lace  until  they  could  be 
re-slii|)|)cd  in  the  '"  King's  vessels''  for  N'iai^ara, 
and  their  b.itteaux  re<  eived  the  peltry  on  its 
w.iy  from  the  "I'liper  Posts ""  to  Montre.il. 
It  was  the  great  "  enlre|iot  "  of  the  fitr  trade 
since  the  deciy  ami  eva<  itation  of  Oswego. 
In  this  \va\-  merchandise  valued  at  $100,000 
h,id  been  accumulated  at  this  place,  where  it 
remained  entirely  unprotected,  and  exposed 
to  attack  during  the  winter  of  1777-8;  mean- 
wliile  of  forty  or  fifty  traders  formerly  estab- 
lished at  ( )swego,  but  one  remained. 

In  the  summer  of  1778,  he  accordingly 
desjiatched  ('apt.  Thos.  .Vulirey  with  a  detach- 
ment of  the  47th  Regitnent  to  occupy  the 
islanii,  ai companied  by  I.ieiit.  James  (llenie 
of  the  Royal  l-'.ngineers.  who  had  instructions 
to  (  onstriict  a  small  fortification  for  the  pro- 
tection of  vessels  and  stores.  It  was  intended 
as  a  general  depot  and  base  of  supplies  for  all 
the  posts  a',)ove.  He  selected  a  site  near  the 
upper  end  of  the  island  (  oinnianding  the  road- 
stead used  by  the  vessels,  and  a  small  redoubt 
was  traced  which  he  called  Fort  Haldimand, 
in  lienor  of  the  (lovernor,  while  the  island 
w  IS  re-named  "  ('arlton  "  after  his  distin- 
guished predecessor. 


Lawrence  River,  furnishes  very  interesting  data,  ami 
pen  of  till'  C^anailian  Historian,  fc;K.M>i  Cki  ikmi  \nk, 
ilicatioii  of  a  previons  article  upon  tlie  same  subject, 


The  correspondence  of  I'raiK  is  (ioring, 
f.t(  tor  for  (leorge  Forsyth  at  Niagara,  gives 
stray  glimpses  of  life  on  the  island  at  this 
time. 

On  the  1st  June,  177S,  .\rchibald  Cunning- 
ham writes  to  him: 

"There  are  upwards  of  forty  ( anoes  of  In- 
dians on  the  ground  at  present,  having  come 
in  the  otherclay.  Two  small  parties  are  now 
singing  the  war  song,  to  go  on  a  scouting 
party  to  I'ort  .Stanwi.x,  and  the  remaiiuler 
wait  for  their  presents." 

On  the  2(1  .August,  Cunningham  writes, igain: 

''  I..  I'arlow,  sent  by  our  (oinmand.int  with 
a  part)-  to  bring  off  his  family  and  elfects 
from  ( )swego,  but  on  his  arrival,  found  that 
his  buildings  hail,  .d)out  fourteen  days  be- 
fore, been  burnt  by  the  rebels,  who  took  most 
of  his  effects,  even  the  handkerchief  from  his 
lady's  neck,  and  his  son  prisoner.  Wt  he 
had  the  good  fortune  to  find  tk.ey  had  missed 
his  bag  of  jiiasters,  two  milch  i  ows,  his  wife 
and  two  daughters,  with  which  he  made  his 
retreat  to  this  place." 

.\ubrey's  letters  during  September,  detail 
the  ])rogress  of  the  works,  and  some  weeks 
late  he  reports  having  received  and  planted 
t  .eiity  ap[ile  trees.  In  December,  the  garrison 
was  alarmed  by  the  arriv.il  of  Indians  from 
Onondaga  with  information  that  a  body  of 
Americans  from  Fort  Stanwix  was  about  to 
attack  the  island.  .\  second  message  warned 
Aubrey  that  the  enemy  intended  to  occupy 
Oswego,  but  a  scouting  party  sent  to  I'ort 
Stanwix,    returned    with  a  prisoner    who    as- 


r. /A7  /()\-    /.s/   i\/,    /x 


HIE  h'J:i  o/.rr/ox. 


293 


siiifd    him    ili:ii    tluTf   w.is   no    truth    in    this 
ri-pDit. 

Ill  May.  Aiihrcy  siiled  tor  Niagara,  and 
UM-,  siic(  ccik'd  in  < oininand  liy  (.'ajit.  ( ;c()l\l;L■ 
M(■I  )iiugall,  who  on  thf  lOth.  chronicles  ilic 
arrival  of  a  scouting  party  with  six  scalps, 
having  unhappily  hccn  obliged  to  kill  two 
prisoners  to  enable  themselves  to  ev.ide  cap- 
tur(.'. 

A  lev/  (lays  later  he  mentions  that  Hawton, 
Joiinston  and  l.a.Mothe,  otti(  ers  of  the  Indian 
Department,  had  man  hod  lor  lort  Stanwix. 
at  the  head  of  140  warriors.  A  gunboat  was 
cmplove<l  in  patroling  the  (oasi  ot'  the  island, 
and  till- garrison  were  engaged  in  gar<lening 
on  the  "neck  of  land."  A  detachment  of 
Sir  |()!ni  Johnson's  Royal  Regiment  of  New 
\'ork  had  arrived,  the  wiuks  were  being 
sirengihened  and  every  precaution  taken 
against,  surprise  which  there  was  all  the  more 
icMMiii  to  fear  since  several  men  had  re(  eiitl\ 
<leserlrd  from  the  guard. 

On  the  ,^1  June,  the  scouts  returned  with  a 
prisoner    Ironi    P'ort    Sianwix. 

I>;i  the  10th,  James  ( 'lark  writes  to  Cur 
'".^^  "  \\'''  •'!■<■  i>'pLMledly  alarmed  bv  the 
enemy  s  scouts,  who  a  \v\\  days  ago  took  away 
two  men  from  the  isl.ind  not  one  hundred 
>ards  I'ron)  the  fort,  and  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning  Tp  i],e  whole  of  last  night  by 
alarms."  .M.Dougall  blamed  the  Indians  for 
the  negligent  watch  kept  by  them,  and  threat- 
ened to  hold  their  I  hiefs  resi)onsible  for  this 
misfortune.  A  p.irtv  sent  in  pursuit  of  the 
enemy  returned  without  having  overtaken 
them. 

About  the  ist  of  July.  Captain  .McDougall 
w, IS  superseded  by  .M.ijor  Xairne,  who  brought 
a  strong  reinforcement,  h.iving  on  his  way  up 
the  river  from  .Moiitre.d,  dismantled  (  Iswegat- 
chie  and  Fort  William  .\ugusliis,  and  removed 
the  serviceable  cannon. 

In  September,  a  considerable  body  of 
troops,  consisting  of  detachments  of  the  _54th 
Kcgt.,  Hanau  Jagcrs,  and  the  Royal  Regt.  of 
N'ew  York,  intended  for  an  expedition  to  the 
Mohawk  River,  w.is  assend)led  here  under  Sir 
John  Johnson.  They  were  joined  by  two  or 
three    hundred    Indians    from  Canada,  com- 


manded by  ('apt.  .Mex.mder  I'raser,  and  pro- 
reeded  to  Oswego  about  the  end  t)f  October, 
but  returned  almost  innnediately. 

Capt.  Fraser  succeeded  to  the  ccjinmand  in 
Novembe'-,  having  in  the  garrison  two  (om- 
jianies  of  Ilesse-Hanaii  J.igers  under  Count 
Wittgenstein,  who  had  refused  to  work  on  the 
fortifications  at  l-'ort  Niagara,  besides  detach- 
ments of  the  34th  and  New  York  regiments. 
The  winter  of  1779-80  was  memorable  for 
its  severity,  but  s<oiits  were  kept  out,  and  the 
Indians  |)erfornied  this  service  cheerfully, 
"thanks  to  Tice  and  the  Indian  ofticers," 
I'raser  wrote,  "  but  chielly  to  Molly  lirant,  who 
has  more  inlluence  than  all  the  chiefs  i)ut  to- 
gether ;  insatiable  in  her  demands  for  her  own 
tail'      ,  but  (hecks  the  demands  of  others." 

A  ship  yard  was  established  and  a  vessel 
larger  than  any  yet  afloat  on  the  lake  was 
built,  and  named  the  ( )ntario. 

In  the  sjiring,  the   partisan  w.irfare  was  re- 
sumed with  increased   a(tivity.      On    the  joth 
April.    JM-aser   reported    the   arrival   of  iaeut. 
Crawford     from    Johnstown     with     seventeen 
prisoners,    and    in    a   few  days    he    went    out 
again  with  three  other  otticers  and  seventy-one 
Indians.      lie  returned  about  the   isl  of  lune 
with    sixteen    iirisoners.   taken    ne.ir    C.majo- 
harie.      All  parties  sent  (nit  were  accompanied 
l)y  white    men,   "  distinguislied  loyalists  who 
would   be    hung   if  caught."     Thirty  soldiers 
deserted  in  a  body  from  I'ort  Stanwi.x.     They 
were   pursued   and   overtaken   by   a   jiarty  of 
Oneidas  in   the  .American   service.      Fourteen 
were   killed  after  a  desperate   resistance  ;    the 
remainder  escaped    and    made   their    way    to 
Carlton    Island,   where  they   immediately  en- 
listed  in    Sir  John  Johnson's   regiment.     On 
the  2ist    and  29th  June,  the   return  of  s(oiits 
with  scali)s  is  recoriled,  but    the  commandant 
is  busily  engaged  in  clearing  land   for  farming 
jiurposes. 

In  SeiUember.  Sir  John  Johnson  touches  at 
the  island,  when  on  his  way  to  harry  the  Mo- 
hawk Valley,  and  I'raser  laments  that  he  is  not 
allowed  to  accompany  him  on  this  errand  of 
destruction.  Scouts  report  a  deserted  land, 
with  wheat  unthreshed  and  Indian  corn  un^^ 
gathered. 


'     1 

I    V. 


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-94 


A    Siifl  /-.V/h'  i>/'    I  III.   ST.   l.A\yRl..\Ll.   Kll'I.R, 


A  iK-I.K  licil  hou-'C  had  hccn  liiiill  near  tlir 
l)aiia(ks  loi  Mi^^  .\I(j11\'  ( ISraiit).  ami  ii|m>ii 
takiiij^  poisessiiin  ol  licr  ikw  home  >ln.'  si'i'iirhI 
"  Ijcttcr  ^aUsTied  tliaii  evor  Ih'Idii'." 

( )ii  tlic  ,^otli  ot  N'()\  c'liihcT.  Major  John 
Ross,  of  the  34th  Rcs^imeiit,  arrived  witli  100 
men  and  assnnud  thi' <ommand.  'I'lie  weather 
continued  nnuinally  fine  for  a  month,  and  llie 
new  commander  uliii/ed  it  to  ^tren!;lhen  the 
works  until  he  was  alile  to  write  "they  cannot 
he  stormed,  and  I  hope  never  to  lie  Mirpri-M'd. ' 

On  the  ,^olii  of  January,  17.S1,  ('rawl'ord 
accompanied  by  Lieut.  Arden.  a  youicj;  sui>- 
alti'rn  of  the  .Vl'l'.  went  olf  on  a  sconi  to  ihe 
Moh.f.vk.  Al'U'r  the  absence  of  nearl\  a  month 
tiiey  relumed  without  a  [irisoner.  all  the  iu- 
hahitanls  havin;^  shut  tluan-^eUes  up  in  ihr 
forts,  ('rawford  had  made  his  way  into  one 
of  these.  fr(jm  which  all  the  men  had  run  away, 
anil  learneil  from  the  women  that  there  wa-, 
no  talk  of  an  expediliou  aLjain^t  the  inland. 

In  M,iy,  the  same  indefatii^alile  partisan  \.as 
the  lir^t  to  discover  thai  I'orl  Sianwix  had 
been  abandcuieil,  and  entered  the  jila,  e  while 
the  barra(  ks  were  still  >mouiderin,n. 

Ross  relates  ill  at  I  weh  e  M  issassaui^a  Indians 
leil  by  l)avid  \an  der  Heyden,  a  ^ol(ner  of 
Johnson's  ri'Ljimenl,  met  and  riuiird  a  ]iarty 
of  twenly-rive  mililia,  killiii!.' ( 'aptain  l-'Jlsworlh 
and  two  others  and  in akini;  three  i)risoners. 

In  Au^u^t,  ( 'rawford  made  another  imur- 
sion  toihe  Mohawk  Ri\er,  where  he  d;>l  ro\eil 
:j  mill  and  settlement   lifleen  mdes  below  lorl 


llerkii.ier,  driving  a  inurh  superior  number  of 
militia  into  ilieir  forl^.  A  s|)y  named  Jacob 
Serv(js,  who  succeeded  in  [gaining  the  conli- 
dence  of  iIk;  enemy  in  the  };uise  of  a  deserter, 
relumed  about  the  same  time  with  valuable 
information,  haviiitj;  visited  e\ery  fori i lied  jiost 
in  the  \alley  with  one  t'xci-ption. 

Ro^s  then  planned  a  raid  upon  the  sellle- 
nuMit  of  I  >uaneslioid',  whu  h  he  ]iroposed  to 
the  ( iovernor  lo  le.ul  in  person.  Permission 
ha\inj;  been  seciiri'il,  he  sailed  for  ( Jswej^o  on 
ihe  4lh  of  (  )<  l(jber  with  J50  troops  and  sixty 
Indians,  and  was  joined  there  by  t'aptain 
lluilerwiih  150  ran_i;ers  and  about  100  In- 
diiiis.  MinhiiiL;  from  (  )sweL;o  on  the  iitli, 
he  made  his  wa\-  to  the  Mohawk  River  by  a 
\ery  (  in  iiiious  route,  and  deslroved  the  lloiir- 
ishinn  selllemeul  (if  Warrensboro',  wlii(  h  had 
hilherlo  escaped  the  ra\'aL;es  of  war.  I'ur- 
siied  by  ( 'ol.  Willell,  lie  was  obli_i;e(l  to  light 
lie  ir  Johuslown,  and  repulsed  him.  His  rear 
guard  was  again  altat  ked  at  ihe  crossing  of 
Canad.i  Creek,  where  Capt.iin  Waller  Under 
w.is  killed,  bat  otherwise  escaped  with  slight 
loss,  and  the  fori  e  returned  lo  Carlton  Isl.ind 
on  ihe  71I1  November.  The  winter  passed 
uiie\eiilful,  the  garrison  being  0(  cnpied  in 
building  stockades  and  ilearing  l.md  for  (  ul- 
livaiion.  (  )n  the  lilli  Ajiril,  1782,  Ross  took 
possessiuii  iif  (  )swego,  leaving  Caiitain  .Ander- 
son of  ihe  riiiriv-foiirlh  in  cinnmand  of  j-'orl 
I  l.ihlim.nid.  and  there  the  lei  ord  pr.n  tii  ally 
ends. 


THE   ANGLERS'   ASSOCIATION    OF   THE   ST.    LAWRENCE    RIVER. 


Ol  I  II  ia;s. 
/V,t/,/,'«/-II.  II.  \V\KMii,  Roclicsiii.  N,  V 

l-'int  till-  riYiii/i'lll—W  A'.  HuoU  M.Ni,,   |ii-  HiDiilllr 

stici't,  New  York. 

.\,oiiJ  ri,i:l'n'yi,/,-iif^\\.    K.    lIiATil,    V',  i   W'asli- 

iiifftoii  avenue,  Hrouklxii.  N.  V. 

.s.  rcA/ri' — W.  II.  Tuii\ii~()\,  .Mcx.iii.lii.i  Hiv,  N.N' 
y'iY.isiiiyr  —  \i.  I'.  (;uANl,  ClaylDii.   .\.  V. 

F.\i  CI  1 1\  I.  Cn\i\il  I  I  la:. 

A.  C.  roriiwall.  Alexanilria  Hay.  N.  V.;  (i  II. 
Siroiigli.  Cl;ivl()n.  N.  V.;  K.  II.  I'lilliiiaii,  H.iliiMioic. 
M(l.;  W.  T.  M.isioiii,  Alexandria  H.iy,  .N.  V.:  (i.   1. 


Raferiv.  riiishiiri:,  I'.i.;  F.  j.  .Xiiisiii'ii,  RiKiicslcr, 
N.  N'  ;  K.  I',  Waurin.iii.  OKiJcnsluiri;,  N.  N'.;  (;.  M. 
Skitnui,  ClayloM.  \.  \'  :  (".  (i.  Kmciv,  .New  Yoik; 
I  ).   T.  Markev,  New  York. 


'I'm.  .\I.\riKi.\i.   liK.Niai  IS  III'  I''isii   Protic- 

liiiN. 

The  sole  aim  of  the  organizers  of  ihe  .\n- 
glers'  ,\ssoci.ition  of  the  Si.  Lawrence  Ri\er 
in  1SS5.  was  Ihe  iireserxalion.  protection 
and    periietiiation  of  game   fishing  in    the  St. 


\ 


*^ 


k 


i  I' 


1 


l''1''l<    Isl.Wll    1  liwri     l|nl,|.,    NKAU    I  ISM 


r,U  S    I.ANMlINc; 


■I  ' 


V':  \  ! 


if 


U  i 


,   ! 


rill.    A.W'.I.I.RS   ASSOCIA  I  IO.\   OF    I  III:    M.    J.A  URhXt  I:    AV/'AA'. 


^<jr 


% 


l,:i\\  icnci'  KuiT.  I'lohibly 
nu  oiif  ot  the  |iersons  lu  live 
in  its  nrjj;ani/.ati()n  liad  any 
otIiL-r  idf.i  in  \iew;  Init  tlio\ 
buiiilud  Ijittcr  llian  ilicy 
knew. 

At  liio  time,  niatters  f)n 
the  St.  Lawrence  Kivei 
were  at  a  stand-still;  there 
were  very  lew  persuns  iininj^ 
tiiere  for  the  sake  of  the 
I'lsliin^,  for  the  siniple  re.u 
soii  tliat,  owinj;  tu  the  ac- 
tivity of  tile  netlers,  it  had 
been  almost  destruved  lliil 
a  small  number  of  the  is- 
lands had  <  ()ttai;es  biiil' 
upon  them.  'I'here  wtue  a 
few  people  who  passed 
down  the  river  on  lourists' 
tickets  from  Nia^.ir.i  I'alls 
to  Montreal,  but  there  were 
no  inducements  for  them  to 
stop  over  on  the  way.  Some 
of  the  aiii^iers  wlio  had  re- 
sorted to  ti)e  river  for  many 
years  lor  llsliinj;  still  con- 
tinued their  yearlv  \isiis. 
'I'he  orf^aniz.ition  of  the 
.•\ni;lers'  .Xssoci.ition  cre- 
ated a  sort  of  e\(  itnient  in 
refereiK  c  to  the  iiossibililies 
to  be  accomplished  by  it, 
so  that  its  members  lived 
for  two  or  three  years  upon 
faith,  believinj^  that  the 
iffortsof  the  .\ssO(  iaiion  in 
ridilinn  the  river  of  netters, 
would  Very  soon  ha\e  its 
elTe(  t  in  much  better  lisli- 
\n'^.  Its  members  continued 
to  visit  the  ri\er  \ear  after 
year,  and  t'>  induce  their 
friends  to  do  the  same.  The 
results  of  tiie  exertions  of 
the  .'Xni^lers'  .Association  are 
now  known  to  every  one 
who  is  interested,  and  its 
efforts  have  been  attended 


!    I 


III  iiui>aii\ 

|inliriil^ 


Mrsr\T.o\r,F. 

CM  .,in     1'^    J.wn  ~    II.   MWMN'..    Ill      \m;anv.    n.  v., 

I  liper  li;i\'.  si.  (..nMeiue  l<i\cr.  on  Moiulitv.  Au^usi  ji,  i^.s--. 
l.uiiKlh,  4  fuel  ami  >' iialics.     (iirtli,  i^'i;  jikIius.     Spreail  hi  Uil 


W.-iL'lll. 

1  luol. 


i 


r:i 


I  > 


I 

I 


[■ 


11 


f: 


198 


.■/  sD/i /■:.\7/\'  ('/■  ////■;  .v/'.  /. /;/A7.  \(7.  u/r/.u. 


witli  so  giLMi  success  that  it  is  now  |)ossil)ic, 
aiul  lias  i)ccn  tor  liic  last  three  years,  for 
any  angler  to  i)i)tain  ail  the  game  fish  he 
ilesires.  The  object  of  the  orgini/alion  of 
the  Assoi  iatioii  has  lluis  been  effected  in  i>art 
by  increasing  the  siipiily  of  game  fish  in  the 
river,  and  in  part  by  ridding  the  riser  of  the 
fish  |)irates.  Its  efforts  in  preventing  net  fish- 
ing will  not  be  at  all  ^hn  kened,  but  uill,  f)ii 
the  contrary,  be  in(  reaseil. 

The  material  benefits  which  h  ive<(Mne  from 
the  efforts  of  the  Anglers'  Association  of  the 
Si.  Lawrence  River  have  been  entirely  unex- 
pected, but  they  are,  however,  no  less  wel- 
<()me.  As  an  objei  t  lesson  which  should  be 
carefully  read,  marked  and  inwardly  digested, 
tile  following  facts  are  given,  showing  the 
material  benelits  whii  h  liase  come  to  Jeffer- 
son county  from  the  orgaiii/.ilion  of  the  An- 
glers' Association  of   the  St.   Lawrence    Ri\er. 

Jefferson  county,  the  count)'  l>ing  along  the 
St.  Lawrence  River  from  Cape  X'inceiit  to  a 
point  fifteen  inile^  below  Alexandria  I'.ay,  io\- 
ering  a  distam  e  of  over  |ort\  miles,  cmbrai  ing 
the  celebrated  Tliousand  Islands,  is  natuially 
one  of  the  most  attractive  regions  in  the 
country  for  the  tourist  and  sportsman.  Its 
e\i|uisite  river  scenery,  ils  banks  and  islands 
and  ils  delighlful  .lir,  leave  nothing  to  be  de- 
sired, if   the  fishing  is  good. 

There  were  in  1.S94  about  600  persons  eni- 
|iloyed  as  oarsmen  on  the  river;  in  1SS5  there 
were  perh.ips  a  hundred.  In  1S94  there  were 
about  250  employed  in  connection  with  steam 
and  other  boats  ;  in  iiS8_5  there  may  have  been 
thirty.  'I'here  were  last  summer  forty  hotels, 
capable  of  accommodating  5,000  people.  Six 
years  ago  the  hotels  could  accommotlale 
scarcely  a  thousand  liesides  these  there  are 
now  thirty  boarding-houses,  with  a  cai)a<ity 
of  500  guests  ;  there  are  between  600  and  700 
cottages  used  exclusively  by  summer  residents. 


!■  rom  5>;i,ooo,ooo  lo  ?'i,.'5o,ooo  were  s])ent  on 
the  river  List  sumuur  by  tourists,  exi  liisive  of 
railro.id  fines.  .\  l.irge  and  increasing  lni-<i- 
ness  li.is  also  grown  up  in  building  ste.im 
\a(  Ills  and  the  (  I'hbr.ited  St.  1 ,  iwrem  e  skilfs. 

Here,  then,  is  a  \-erit.ible  gold  mine  lying 
at  the  feet  of  jrlfersoii  countv,  bv  whii  li  e\ery 
resident  of  the  <  ciunt\-  is  benefited  either  b\'  a 
redni  lion  in  his  taxes,  bv  being  gixen  emplo\- 
mmt,  or  in  his  bu^illes^.  The  population  of 
|rlf(TMUi  county  is  60,000,  rver\' one  iif  whom 
is  (onstantly  being  beiielited  bv  the  .\nglers' 
.Association.  That  is  om-  side  of  the  i|ueslion. 
'I'lie  other  i^  this:  there  were  during  the  Hel- 
ling season  of  iSSS  about  sixl\  o|-  sc\enty 
persons  engaged  in  ilk'gal  net  fishing  w  iihin 
the  limils  of  the  loiinU',  and  of  this  nuinber 
liKUe  th.in  olU'-h.ill  were  non-residi'iits.  When 
it  is  borne  in  iiiintl  that  these  net  fislurs  do 
not  make  nearly  as  much  if  allowed  '.o  (  arr\' 
on  their  iiclting  as  ordinar\-  farm  woikers,  it 
uill  at  oiii  e  be  apparent  that  Jellerson  counl\- 
(  ould,  as  a  business  speculation,  al'ford  to  liire 
and  pay  them  a  fair  s.ilarx  to  remain  peifectK 
idle,  and  to  ]iensioii  them  in  their  nld  age. 

rile  tot.il  tax  assessed  against  the  town  ol' 
.Mexandria  (the  leiitial  jioint  on  the  ri\ei) 
was  ,'^10,906.97,  of  which  ,■«;.>,  55  I  .jS  was  |iaid 
by  summer  projierty  holders.  In  other  words, 
iiearU-  22  per  cent,  of  the  taxes  of  the  town 
ol  .Mexandria  was  jiaid  by  suinmer  ]iro|ierty 
owners.  The  assessed  value  of  summer  hotels 
and  island  property  in  the  town  of  .Alexandria 
in  iS.SS  was  ,-;|iJ56,ooo,  the  basis  of  assi'ssnienl 
being  one-third  of  the  actual  value,  while  tiie 
t(jtal  amount  .assessed  was  ,'«;i  ,2  18.0^9. 

The  organi/.ition  of  I'lsh  protei  lion  associa- 
tions ac(:om|)lishes  three  distim  t  things,  pro- 
tects the  lisli,  furnishes  the  people  with  cliea|i 
fish  food,  and  last,  but  not  least,  is  of  en- 
f)rmoiis  material  beiielil  to  the  surrounding 
country. 


/■///.    I'IIA.\  li)M   Ml. WOW. 


299 


THE   PHANTOM    MINNOW, 


l:V     .1.     \l.     (   I.AKK. 


i 


I  \  Older  to  m:iki-  liail-rnsliii^  .111  incK-|,un(lini 
I      sjHjrl  and  to  plac-  it  side  i.y  side  uitli  ih,. 
i)caiitilul   and   llioniii^lily  scientific  ait  o|    llv- 
(Msting.  the   lisiieinian   sliould   recoj^ni/e  very 
miny  arlifi(  iai    allures    and    iin|.ro\ised    l.ail's 
that  <  an  ol'ieii  i)e  elTednaJiy  used  when  indulg- 
\\v^  in  the  lascinaliny  paslinie.     The  I'jiantom 
niiniaiw    is    a    takinj^   allure    for    the   salmon, 
iHdi.k  trout  and  Mac  k  l.ass.  toudlicr  with   all 
members  of  the  pike  family.      lis  ori-in  dates 
l)a<k  at^es  and  aj,'es  before  tlu'  advent  of  mod- 
ern   bait   castiiii,',  and   as   it    has   maintained  a 
re|. Illation  thnjii-h  all  thf,e  years,  we  (  ertainly 
can    look   upon   it  as  a  snccesMul   allure.      I'.ut 
ill  order  to  make  il  a  desirable  bait  to  use  in 
this   sport,  the   consiru(  tion    should   be  some- 
what moderni/ed.      In   this  sport  the  line  silk 
hue  becomes  a  very  prominent  factf)r,  and  the 
j^reat  aim  of  the   fisherman   should  be  to  keep 
the  line  in  a  perfe(  I  ( (indition  for  casting  the 
bait,  and  as  the   threat  effectiveness  of  this  al- 
lure—  same  as  the  trollini^-spoon  —  lays  in  the 
fact  of  its  i)erfect  spinning  <pialities,  this  very 
important  feature  in   the  construction  should 
be  most  faithfully  carried  out  l)y  supplying  it 
with   ample  swivel   accoinmochition.  that   will 
make  it  a  perfect  spinner  beyoml  all  manner 
of  doubt,  so  it  will  not  twist  or  kink  the  cast- 
ing line.     '|"he  original   i)hantom   is  provided 
with  three  gangs  of  treble    hooks,  and    many 
sportsmen  who  fully  recognize  the  wonderful 
killing  properties  of  this  allure  take  exceptions 
to  this  feature  of  the  construction,  and   right- 
fully object  to  it  as  a  scientific  angler's  bait,  on 
the   ground    of    its    giving   the   fish   no   show 
whatever.      However,   this  again    speaks  well 
for  the  merits  of  the  Phantom,  and  if  we  can 
smooth  over  this   unfavorable   feature  in   the 
construction,  it   will   be  admitted   a    jiractical 
bait  has  been   secured.      This  can  be  accomp- 
lished  by  reducing  the  number  of  hooks  and 
yet  not  harm  the  minnow  a  particle  when  used 


in  connection  with  the  scientific  methods  em- 
Jiloyed  by  the  modern   bait  caster. 

As  a  bait  lor  the  black  i)ass,  and  parti(  ularly 
the  large-inoiiih   species,  the  meadow  or  grass 
Hog  is  decidedly  the  par  excellence  of  baits, 
and    if   the   smaller   sjieciinen  of   this  frog  be 
used,  \W-  distinction    between    the   large  and 
sm.dl-niniiih  bass  (  annot  he  considered  when 
re(  (.mmending  this  allure.     In   fact,  some  of 
the   l.irg.'st   cat.hes   of   the   small  mouth    bass 
ever  made  were  taken  with  the  small   meadow 
frog  when  using    it    as   a   cas<     g  bait.      How- 
ever,   it  is  sometimes   diiTicult    to   obiain    the 
frog  even   if  the  fisherman  be  convinced  it  is 
the  best  allure  for  the  occasion,  and  if  its  pro- 
totyjie   can    be   supjilied    in    the    fi>rm    of   the 
luminous  ariifi(  ial  frog,  the  fisherman  and  bait- 
caster  has  decidedly  scored  another  point   in 
the  shape  of  an  independent  allure. 

One  reason  why  the  use  of  artific  ial  allures 
and  improvised  baits  are  freipiently  con- 
demned is  owing  to  the  fact  of  their  not  being 
proj.erly  worked,  and  the  iiait-caster  should 
study  this  important  feature  very  carefully, 
and  aim  to  infuse  a  life-like  motion  to  the  al- 
lure. This  being  the  case,  a  chapter  of  inter- 
est is  added  to  the  sport  of  angling,  as  the 
fisherman  who  is  a  skillful  manipulator  of 
artificial  and  improvised  baits,  and  who  makes 
a  positive  success  f)f  their  use,  will  take  more 
pleasure  and  pastime  in  the  art  of  modern 
bait-casting  than  will  the  individual  who  fol- 
lows out  a  positive  rule  of  using  only  the  live 
minnow  or  the  natural  frog,  as  skill  is  added 
to  skill  when  inanimate  baits  are  introduced 
and  made  successful  in  this  sport. 

In  further  following  out  our  design  tn  shed 
some  slight  light  upon  the  methods  jjursued 
by  experienced  fishermen,  we  insert  the  fol- 
lowing well-written  remarks  upon  "Minnow- 
Casting  for  niack  Jiass,"  by  Dr.  James  A. 
Ilenshall,  in  "Clark's  Anglers'  (iuide  :  " 


^ 


\nc 


.J  .SVT/V  \7A'   ('/•    /•//,'■   >•/■    /  .1 II  /,•/  \ir   AV/VAV 


i,    1 


'■J   ■' 


^i! 


'J 


I  ■ 


M       i 


!l 


m 


"  I  lie  rt"  arc  v.iiioiis  \v,i\  •.  .iii'l  iin  .ms  ni  .iii>;liiiy, 
r.ic  li  111  wliii  li  IS  s.iijsl.ii  lui  \  iM  lis  |i.iilirul.ii  |ira(li- 
iHiricis  .ici  iM'liij;;  In  ihc  li|;lil  .iikI  i  X|iii  icim  i  llifv 
li.ivr  li.iil.  .AikI  ilirsi'  v%mvs  .mil  imaiis  .111  as  ilivirsi' 
as  lliDsf  III  oilii'i  |piitsiiils  or  plcasiins.  Km  llir  «a\ 
III  iililani  llii'  iii.iMiiiiiiii  .iiiiniiiii  .i(  riiiii\  nil  m  m  .my 

IIIcIIiikI,  III  W.IV  nl  .muling,  imislsl'.  in  llir  u^r  i,t 
Still.lllll'    MIC. Ills    l<<    lll.ll   Cllll. 

"  Fly  tisliiii;;  r.iiinul  lir  s.ilisf.nlorllv  |ii,iriiccil  wllli 
a  li.iil  mil  .mil  ,1  iiiiilli{>lyliiL,'   nil,  nm   cm   bail  lisli 

in^    lie    Slli;ccss(l|||v    |llllsl|ril    Willi    .1    ll\     Iml.   I  111   k    111  I 

ami  cii.iiiicli'il  Ijiir  ;  ami  wliilr  it  Is  iiiii'  ih.ii  li-h  1  .111 
111-  i'.i|ilmii|  ill  I  iiliii  w.iy,  il  I'.  Mil  less  Hue  lll.ll  lliry 
can  .ilsii  In'  l.iki  II  Willi  llic  s|,r.ii  ,ii   III  I 

"  ('i)lililli;  .11  nine  In  lllc  c.iiillnll  nl  llii-.  .illirlc, 
MlillMilW-e.lSllll:;  fill  lll.ll  k  li.iss  1  .111  ollls  lir  lllllv  I'll- 
jnycil  liv  llic  use  nf  siii|.il,|e  (aclje.  .\  111  1  \e.iis  nf 
|i.ilieiil  am!  r\li.iii-ln  c  e\|ii  iniieiils  I  ileiin  nisli.ili  d. 
In  iiiv  iiwii  iiiitnl.  lll.ll  llie  Ii'.ii'-I  siiilalile  in.l  fni  .ill 
Ihe  I  \iL;inries  nf  111  iiiiinw  I'asi  iiiir  s|i,,|i|i|  |ji  eii;lil 
feel  lliici'  inches  In  linylli  ami  ei^jlil  mimes  in 
weiylii.  anil  nf  ,1  ileyri  e  nf  Ilex iliiliiy  ami  rcsilieiny 
lll.ll  wniilil  .nliiiii  nf  linih  I  .isiinu  llie  niinnnw  ami  nf 
|il.i\ini;  llie  li,i-s  win  n  ImnkeiJ.  Tins  wniilil.  in 
-linii.  nie.m  .1  mil  lli.il  in  pILiin'v  wmiM  cmne  ln- 
Iwecii  ,1  liniil  liail-inil  .111(1  .1  linnl  lly-ind.  Tills  Idea 
is  now  lia|i|)ily  Impressed  in  ilio  lleiisliall  milsnf  ilie 
I  e-l  in.ikers.  will)  iniifniiii  lo  llio  speeiricaliniis  fiir- 
iii^lieil.  Snine  makers,  by  very  caicfnl  selei  linn  nf 
nialeii.ils  .iiiil  excellini'C  nf  rniisli  inllnn.  r.ni  lidnre 
llie  weiulil  In  seven  niim  1^  in  --iilil  baiulmn.  I  liis 
n.iliiially  im'li  .e-eS  llle  1  nSI  nf  llle  mil,  lull  In  lllnse 
will)  cm  alinul  il.  il  Is  money  well  s|ienl. 

"  While  a  siill  rnd  will,  in  snine  liainls,  cis|  a  mill- 
nn»v  .IS  fai,  nr  f.irlhei.  ill. in  a  nime  |ili.il)li  mie.  il  is 
iini  -n  well  ail.iplPil  lor  playiiii;  a  li-.li.  nr  In  i|iiiiiiii-li 
llie  .-Ir.iin  oil  line  or  le.nler  as  ihe  lallei  ami  .1  mil 
llial  is  Inn  williv  or  ItcNihle  does  nnl  cis|  well  iini 
Hlvc  llle  aiii;ler  iiunli  cnniiiiand  over  llii  lish.  Il  is 
liclweeii  lliese  cxlreines,  llien.  lli.il  nne  shiuilil 
rlii)i)..e. 

"  111  iniilliplviiig  lecK  for  niiiinow-casiinjf  ihe  best 
is  ihe  chc.ipesi,  as  llic  best  is  the  iiinsi  siiiiable;  niic 
lll.ll  inns  Willi  llie  least  friction,  and  is  so  riiiely  ad- 
jii--lcd  as  In  admit  of  llie  leasl  amuiinl  of  losi  mniinii, 
is  the  one  In  use  if  llie  angler's  purse  will  justify  ihc 
expciisi',  for  il  will  rnsi  as  iiiucli  as  a  ;ronil  walcli. 
Such  a  reel,  with  careful  use.  is  liic.ip  In  the  end,  fnr 
it  will  answer  as  Innj;  as  ihe  angler  is  capable  of  lisli- 
iiiLr.  ami  will  do  K'>'>i1  service  iiiilo  llie  secniid  and 
lliird  jjeneralion. 

"Till'  line  should  be  of  silk,  lirnily  and  closely 
bi.iided.nol  larger  than  si/eti.and  preferably  of  si/e 
II.  It  slinuld  be  iiiilher  oiled  nor  enameled.  \ 
line  of  tills  cliaracler  will  clln^r  10  the  reel  in  uniform 
coils,  will  not  absorb  niucli  water,  and  will  cast 
alinosl  as  well  wel  .is  when  drv.  Willi  a  pll.ible  rnd 
the  II  line  is  slroiij;  enough  for  any  black   bass  that 


swim-.,  .iml  i~  ii'l.iinly  ilu  In -.1  Im  i.i-linu,  ami 
niciipii-  li-^  ^p.ii  1-  nil  llie  nil  lliaii  nne  nl  l.ui'ei 
si/e. 

"  .\s     In     linnks,     ihe     Spln.il      is     bes|      willl      llle 

o'.Shaiijjhiii  ssy   a   n I    semml.     As    .1    mle isi 

annlci"  use  ion  l.iiue  honks  m  b.m  li»)iiii^  nu  black 
b.iss,  Ml. my  illi;ilnym;{  -l/r\  .i-,  l.liyr  .is  in,  'liii' 
iiumber  J  Spmal   i^   l.irne   1  iii)ii;;li.  .ml  even  sm.ijlii 

si/cs   iii.iy    bo   Used,   .mil    will    be    finiiiil    much    le 

s.ilisf.iiinry  .ifler  .1  lii.il  by  llinse  .icciisiomed  In  l.iiHir 
hnnks.  The  sinallei  the  hook  llie  b  ss  iiijiiiinU'-  In 
I  In  live  inmiinw;  .mil  sn  f.ir  .is  surn^iji  is  coiirei  m  d 
a  iiumbei    I  Spio.ii   will   kill  .1  lliiiiv  pniind   -.ilinmi. 

linnks  shiillld  be  lied  In  sili^'le  mil,  .lliv.iys,  m 
ininnnw-cisiinjr, 

"Isii.illy  I'll  sinker   is   nipilied   bevnml   .1   small 

bl.ISS  sUImI.  In  willl  h  IS  In  jii  .illixrd  lie  slliil  .11 
line  end  .iiid  llle  reel  line  .i|  llie  nllni.  iin  b  iili  1 
III  lilt;  iisi  (I.  If  .1  sinki  1  is  fiiuiid  iiei  1  s-.ii\  m  keep 
llie  ininiinu  brm  .iih  llie  snii.iceof  ihe  w.iiei.only 
the  sin.illesi  sl/e  shniild  be  1  niplnyed,  .mil  shmilil  be 
all.ii  lied  frnin  six  in  twelve  Inches  above  ihe  swivel. 

"  In  sn  liiiii  .111  .iilicle  ,|s  ihis  II  wniild  be  useless 
In  (ull\  desnibe  llie  mellin.l  nf  1  .isiiii"  ihe  iniimnw, 
.mil,  iimreovei.  llie  '  inodu-  npi  i.inili  '  Is  pii  llv  well 
iindeisionil  .it  llils  il.n .  The  ulmle  s(  1  u  |  ins  in 
'  ihuiiibiiij;  '  llie  spnnl  nf  ihe  II  li  ill  sill  II  a  m.mni  r 
llial  iiisl  the  ilulil  picssuie  Is  ni.iiiilalned  In  allnw  of 
the  flee  iiinniiii;  of  the  line,  and  .il  llie  s.ime  lime  In 
picvent  lis  nvci-i  iiiinlni,'  nr  b.u  kd.islilny ,  Wlieii 
lliis  cm  be  ilniic  11  is  niil\  a  ipiesiinn  III  pi.iclice  as 
In  llir  lellj:lll  nl  llle  r.lsl.  'I  he  biHlnnel  sunul.l  be 
s.ilislied  willl  veiy  slinri  c.isis,  sav  Iweiilv  feel,  and 
use  bill  llllle  foice  in  the  cllnrl.  The  1  nilcivm 
slinuld  lie  10  cisl  ihe  llliuilnw  .is  diiii  .ilclv  .|s  pnssl- 
ble.  .ind  In  prniluie  ,is  liiile  spl.isliiiiL;  iipnn  i|s  .iliylil- 
Iiil;  nil  ihi  w.iiei  as  may  be,  lalliei  lli.m  In  make 
Iniiir.  n  iis\   c.isis. 

■  Whelher  wadliij;  llic  slieani.  nr  lishiin;  fmni  a 
bnat  or  llie  b.mk.llie  angler  should  make  fiei|ueiii 
c.isis  over  llle  likeliesi  spois.  allnwini,'  the  miiinnw 
In  sink  In  iiiid-w.uer.  beiweeii  the  bnlloin  and  llic 
surface,  and  If  the  mliinow  is  not  vei\  lively,  in  reel 
llie  line  slnwly.  In  nidei  lo  keep  II  ill  iiinlinii.  If 
llicre  is  111)  response  within  lifticn  mi  omls,  a  new 
c.ist  slioiil.l  be  made,  the  inlunovv  bi  ini;  leiied  in 
slowiv.  and  llic  md.  ine.inwiiile,  i;l\iiiL;  il  a  /iy-/.iy 
motinii  In  siiiiiil.ile  somewiial  llie  naiiiial  iiinlions  of 
a  free  minnow  —  it  bt iiii;  premised  ilial  llic  b.iil  Is 
honked  lliioiii;h  llle  lips.  These  diiccllnns  apply  In 
pnnls.  or  rather  deep  water  near  and  over  shoals, 
rocks,  elc;  bill  wdieii  lishlnj;  lilllcs  or  shallow  falls, 
the  miniinw  should  be  kept  nil  the  surface,  no  sinker 
belli};  used. 

"  In  llle  usual  hshinif  seasons  it  is  useless  lo  lish 
waters  of  any  jircat  depth,  say  of  more  than  iwtlvc 
or  lifleen  feci.  .\t  other  linns,  when  Ihe  bass  are 
near  their  winter  i|iiarters,  or  during  excessive  heals 


I 


-~\ 


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l;|i.    \U  ^-l  AI.ijMjI'.  —  45    I'lHMll.K. 


»■-.,.   


mmmmmm 


h 

B  > 
Hi 

in    i 
[  i 
i!  ■! 


THE   SrORTSM.WS   SOXo. 


303 


of  siimimi.  ility  ate  Iniind  in  d'(|)cr  walir  --  l.nit  I 
iiiiiijiiiic  lli.il  no  iiiiL  angler  carfs  to  lisli  for  iIkmij 
umiui  ilicse  riKaimslaiicus. 

••■|"li.-  Iiait  shoul.l  not  be  100  lai<;c:  iiiirinou-s  from 
ivvoand  a  half  to  tliicc  iticlu'S  in  lun-ll,  arc  afmni 
liulil  for  liirht  tackle.  If  one  is  lishinj,  for  pike  or 
pickeicl,  larjjir  bails  may  he  nsecl,  as  ilic  i,i<  u.,  vill 
likely  Ijc  heavier,  and   the  liooks  larger  and  lied  to 


«iinp  l.nt  this  is  not  hlack-bass  tishinK.  It  shonld 
be  the  aim  of  every  black-bass  angler  to  elevate  and 
advance  the  art  by  enipioving  light,  elegant  and 
suitable  tools,  tackle  and  appliances,  and,  in  fact,  to 
place  it  upon  an  erp.al  plane  with  brook-trout  fishing 
as  practiced  in  Canada,  Maine  and  the  Lake  Superior 
region.  .\s  to  Catskill  rods  and  the  tiny  trout 
streams.  '  that,'  as  Kipling  says,  'is  another  story."' 


THE   SPORTSMAN'S   SONG. 

l;V    MAI   KICK     IIIOMI'siiN. 

Ho!  for  ihe  marshes,  green  with  spring, 

Where  the  bitterns  croak  and  the  plovers  pipe. 
Where  the  Maunt  old  heron  spre.ids  hi^■  wing 

Above  the  haunt  of  the  rail  and  snipe; 
For  my  gun  is  clean  and  my  roil's  in  trim 

And  the  old,  wild  longing  is  roused  in  nie- 
llo: for  the  bass-pools  cool  and  dim— 

llo!  lor  the  swales  of  the  Kankakee 

Is  there  other  joy  like  the  joy  of  a  man 

Free  for  a  season  with  rod  and  gun. 
With  the  sun  to  tan  and  the  winds  to  f.in, 

And  the  waters  to  lull,  and  never  a  one 
Of  the  cares  of  life  to  follow  him, 

Or  to  shadow  his  mind  while  he  wanders  free  ? 
Hoi  for  the  currents  slow  and  dim! 

Ilo'  for  the  fens  of  the  Kankakee! 

A  hut  by  the  river,  a  light  canoe, 

My  rod  and  my  gun,  and  a  sennight  fair— 
A  wind  from  the  south  and  the  wild  fowl  due  — 

He  mine!     Alls  well'     Comes  never  a  rare! 
A  strain  of  the  savage  (ires  my  blood, 

And  the  ,(est  of  friedom  is  keen  in  me; 
Ilo!  for  the  marsh  ;ind  Ihe  lilied  Hood! 

Ilo!  for  the  tarns  of  the  Kankakee' 

(iive  me  to  stand  wheie  the  swift  cm  rents  rush, 

With  my  rod  all  astiain  and  a  bass  coming  in. 
Orgive  me  the  marsh,  with  the   blown  snipe  alliish. 

And  my  gun's  sudden  il.ishes  and  resonant  din 
For  I'm  tired  of  .he  desk  ami  lired  of  the  town. 

And  I  long  to  he  out.  and  I  long  to  be  free. 
Ilo!  for  the  marsh!  with  the  birds  whirling  down! 

Ilo!  for  the  pools  of  the  Kankakee! 


^'1 


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■  ■  1: 
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t, 


CANANOQIK      PASr  AM)   PRESENT. 


/^P  ill',  |ili  1^,111 1  \  ill  iL;r  (M  >  '..iii.iiii  11  |ii,,  u  ith  .1 
I  |ii  iiiuLiI  lull  cii  .il.iMii  Idiir  lliciii-., 111(1  >,iiiN, 
silu.iud  (111  llif  iiiUlll  nIkhi'  (iI  tile  St.  i,.iu- 
IX'IK  I',  (il'IMi^iu-  ('l.iMdii.  and  .It  the  (iiithl  (il 
( ;,in,iiH)ini(.  I\i\  ii.  Is  ,1  iij.ii  I'  (if  111)  --111. ill  iiu- 
|iiirl,iii(  I'  ,1-'  ,1  iii.iniila(  till  iiii;  (•L'nt(.r.  It  li.i^ 
an  i'\(  (.■Uciit  Water  ikiwci,  a;.;i;rt'i;alinL;  many 
himdu'ds  (il  iKHso-piiu  if,  mill  h  i  no  re  i  it  u  lii(  li 
iiiij;ht  1)1.'  iitili/cd  lor  iiiamita(  turiiii;  |iur]n)scs. 
As  a  place  ot  Miiiiiiier  resort,  rl  |>os-.esM'> 
eve]iti()nal  ad\aiitaj;es  ill  the  u.i\'  ol  Im  alitv. 
Il>  |ii)-i!inii  at  the  foot  ot'  tlie  "  Adiuiralt) 
Ciriia])"  of  islands,  in  \\iii(li  is  "  llost  ui(  k 
( 'li.iniU'l,''  tiie  finest  in  many  r(.s]iei  is  of  iiiy 
of  the  island  (  !ianiu-ls  in  the  ri\er  (tlie  entire 
uroii])  hiiiii;  made  up  of  islands  in  themselves 
e\i  ee(linL;U  pi(  tiiresipu),  is,  in  ils  eiitirctv, 
one  of  ^reat  lieaniy  and  attiaa  liveiiess.  Al- 
ready (  olla-cs  are  ere(  ted  on  mam  ol'  the 
islands,  and  as  the  i;real  desirahleness  ot  the 
li)(  ality  lie(  limes  lietler  kiioun,  the  nui.ilu  r  of 
these  <  aniiol  f.iil  to  iiu  rease;  and  still  iiiori' 
so,  if  the  present  \ery  iiniust  .iiid  im  (insistent 
poli(  y  of  the  Ottawa  government  slmul,!  In. 
modilied,  as,  indeed,  it  should  lie  for  the 
heiielil  of  the  village  of  ( lanaiioipie  ilselt'. 

The  ninie  "  ( 1  iiianoipie  "  is  evii  ntlv  of 
Indian  ori;,;in;  but  which  of  two  Indi.m  names 
as  t'lrst  .ipplied  to  the  hx.dilv  is  to  he  consid- 
ered as  liaviiij;  uiven  rise  to  the  present  :i,im(.'. 
is  ,1  matter  of  some  doiilit.  'I'he  oii,;iiial  or- 
thoj^r.ipliv  o  the  word  was  '  (  adanoi  v  liipia," 
meaning  the  '"  I'lai  e  of  llealtli."  or  what  vv.is 
evideiitlv  .1  sv  iionv  iiiotis  phrase  "  Ko(  ks-Seeti- 
l  iider- kiiiinin;,;-\\'ater,"  both  of  wlii(h  are 
des(  riptive  of  the  locality,  so  f,ir  as  iihvsi(  al 
( Duditioiis  ,111(1  ,1  n.itural  I'act  .ire  ( oik  eriied. 
On    the    other    h.iiid,   the    llurons    (.died   the 


pl.ii  e  "  ( ian.iiioipii,"  \vlii(  h  tne.ins  "'I'he 
I'laceiil  the  lleer."  Another  tiilie  Ir.uislates 
tlieir  term  to  nie.m  "A  me.idow-  risin;^  out  of 
liie  waters,"  so  til, it  the  re, d  sduri  e  from  whi(li 
tlie  pies(.ait  ii.ime  is  derived  is  .i  matter  of 
-mile  doulil.  He  tli.it  .is  it  mav,  the  .Missis- 
saiiu.i  n.iiiie  "  ( ',i(i.iiioryli(iu,i ''  vv.is  for  several 
ve,iis  ri't. lined  in  ol,','i.il  documents,  .md  it 
w.is  not  until  .ifter  the  \e.ir  i  ,Soo  that  the 
n.ime  "  ( 'i.m.moipie  "  (  .inie  into  use.  .\t  the 
time  of  the  survey  of  Leeds,  the  n.iine  of 
the  ( 'i.in.in(i((  le  River  was  chanued  to  " 'I'lie 
'I'll, lines,"  1)111  it  never  was  nenerallv  used;  in 
t,i(  t  It  oiilv  ,ippe,irs  in  a  |iro(  l.tm.ition  of  I  .ord 
|tor(lu-iir  (,-sir  (liiy  Carlton)  while  for  the 
siMond  time  ( iovernor-t'ieneral  of  C.inad.i,  in 
I7,SS. 

I'rom  the  varietv  .111(1  extent  of  its  I  laiui- 
l,i(tuiin-  iiitertsts,  ( ;.in,ino(|ue  lias  been,  not 
iu.ipilv,  n.imed  the  I)irminj;h,im  of  ('an.ida, 
.aid  .Is  ,1  sittlemenl  li.is  now  entered  upon 
tliL.-econd  (  eiitury  of  its  cvisteiu  e.  ,\  brief 
skel(  h  ol  ils  e.uly  settlement  m.iv  be  of  some 
ink  rest  to  the  nencr.il  re.ider.  .md  is  theret'orc 
siilijoined.  Two  men.  Sir  John  Johnson,  .in 
offn  er  of  the  ilritish  army  during  the  W'.ir  of 
the  kev  (ilulioii,  .It  which  time  he  (  (imm.inded 
.111  oruani/.ition  of  lovalists  pojiuhirlv  known 
as  "Johnson's  Royal  (Ireens,"  and  Colonel 
Joel  Stone,  were  the  I'irst  to  re(  eive  grants  of 
1,111.1  whu  h  ( (ivered  the  entire  limits  of  the 
vill.ige,  .111(1  more,  .is  it  now  stands.  ( )f  tluse 
two,  ( 'ol.  Stoiu  was  the  first  settler,  coming 
up  the  river  trom  Cornw.ill  in  the  siitmiK  r  ol 
\'<)2.  t. iking  p.issage  in  a  b.itteau  wlii(li  was 
bound  to  Kingston.  These  gr.ints  of  lind 
were  m.ide  in  17(>J,  and  the  ii.itent  to  Col. 
Stone    was    issiUMl    December    51,     17(^8,    .iiul 


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u.i.y.i.yoii//-:  -/•.>>/•  ja'/>  /'A7-..s/..\-/-. 


30/- 


(■(jvers  "A  i  crtain  tti;in,L;ul.:ir  tract  hikjii  tlic 
kivi-r  (,'a(l;mur)lii|iKi,"  etc.,  wliicli  was  Im  atcd 
oil  llic  west  side  of  tlic  ii\cr.  Sir  Juim  Joiin- 
sun's  tract  was  located  on  the  east  side  ot  tiie 
river,  hut  iiis  |)ateiit  was  not  issued  until  May 
17,  iSoj.  Ivtcl)  grant  extended  tcj  'lie  1  enter 
of  the  (lananoi|iie  River,  then  known  l)y  its 
Indian  name  as  above. 

(!ol.  Stijne's  ]iatent  was  (oniputod  to  con- 
tain 700  acres  of  hind,  to  whitii  were  added, 
later,  two  additional  patents  of  200  acres  each, 
making  in  all  1,100  acres;  wliile  ('<ji.  John- 
son's grant  covered  1,5,54  ai  res.  At  the  time 
of  (!ol.  Stone's  arrival,  a  h'renclnnan,  n.uni'd 
Carev,  livetl  on  'I'idd's  Isi.ind,  now  I'renioni 
I'.uk,  with  whom  he  fcjrmed  a  temporary  part- 
nersliip,  erecting  a  shanty  on  the  mainland,  on 
tile  point  iKjw  01  (  ujiied  ii\-  a  lumber  vard. 
H.iviiig  secured  a  couple  of  cows,  their sliantv 
w,is  opened  as  a  house  of  entertainment,  being 
the  first  tavern  for  many  miles  ahnig  the  Cana- 
dian shore  of  the  St.  Lawrenie.  l)iiringtlie 
absence  of  the  pro|)rietors  one  day,  the  hotel 
biirnotl  and  the  partnership  ended,  e:i(  h  of 
them  entering  into  business  tor  himself.  Mr. 
.Stone  ])roceeded  to  clear  a  plot  of  land  on 
wh.it  is  know  King  street,  on  wliii  h  he  erected 
a  log-house,  it  being,  with  the  exception  of 
the  sli.inty  above  spoken  of,  the  first  house 
erected  in  (iananoipie.  His  next  enterprise 
was  the  building  of  a  schooner  of  forty  tons 
measurement,  1  ailed  the  "l.ei'ils  Trader," 
which  ran  on  the  lake  and  ri\er  lor  many 
years,  Tlien  he  built  ,1  s.iw-mill,  whi(  h  stuod 
on  the  site  of  the  present  l-'dei  tri<  Light  C'om- 
panv's  building;  following  that  with  a  frame 
house  of  two  stc)ries  in  heiglit.  fastened  with 
wrought  nails  brought  from  l'',ngl.ind.  It  w.is 
erected  in  i7</i,  and  for  half  a  century  it 
was  known  as  the  "  Red  House,"  h.iving  been 
painted  that  color.  'I'his  was  built  on  the 
point  near  where  the  iipjier  end  of  the  lumber 
yaril  wh.irf  is  now.  Where  the  steel  and  w  ire 
shop  now  is,  Mr.  Stone  built  another  Irame 
house,  known  as  the  "  N'ellow  House,"  ,ind 
which  becr.me  his  residence,  after  his 
marri.ige  to  .Mrs.  D.ivton.  Later,  he  l)uilt  a 
long,  low  frame  house  with  a  \erand.i  along 
its  entire    front,  just  west  of  the  "  West   End 


Store."  which  he  in.ide  his  residence  as  long 
as  he  lived.  The  building  was  binned  only 
thirteen  years  ago,  and  the  lot  where  it  stood 
is  yet  \ac,int.  In  1852,  the  late  John  llulger 
toredoun  the  ''  Red  House,"  and  the  fr.uiie 
was  re-erecied  on  (larden  street.  It  is  the 
house  now  occupied  liy  Mr.  I.mies  Jle.iltw 
I'he  "  \'ellow  llouse  "  was  bunud  in    1S50. 

Col.  Stone  was  evidently  a  m.in  of  great 
energy,  and  was  unceasing  in  his  efforts  to  im- 
prove his  holdings,  kee[iing  ,ill  the  lime  ,m 
eye  to  tlie  '' main  chance, "  as  did  his  ances- 
tors, and  as  he  himself  had  been  trained  todo 
in  the  sc-hool  ot  actual  business.  His  pruci- 
dure   w.is   in  direct  eonlr.ist    with   th.it   if  Sir 


lulin  Johnson,  who  p.iid  no  attention  wliat- 
e\er  to  his  estate,  only  ihroiigh  .111  agent;  in 
tail,  it  is  aipiestion  whether  he  e\er\isited 
his  possessions  in  pcTson,  so  that  to  ( 'ol.  Stone 
belongs  all  llie  hniKJis  of  ,1  fust  Settler:  and 
hence  a  brief  biogr.ipliii  ,il  sketch  mav  pro\e 
interesting. 

Joel  Stone  was  born  in  (luilford,  Connecti- 
cut, .\iigiist  7,  i7(<7.  lietore  he  was  two 
years  of  age,  his  f.itlier  removed  to  Litchfield, 
where,  "  by  indef.itigable  l.ibor  and  industry, 
he  im])roved  a  competency  of  Kind  of  uliic  h 
he  w.is  proprieto,-."  During  his  minority, 
Joel  laborec'  on  tile  "  conipetency,"  but  when 
he  became  ot   age,  he  adopted   a  more  active 


;us 


yi  so[i-/:.\7/:  ('/•    ////:  sv  /..///av-.  ava,  av/v.A'. 


h 

j   ;, 

1 
'    1 

I 

pC 


iiiMilr  lit'  life,  ami  liriMiiK'  a  iravillinn  mii- 
(lianl;  nr,  in  llir  m.i  iiai  iilar  of  llmsr  ila_\sa 
"  \'aiilsrr  |ic,lillri."  W'illiin  ihrt'L'  yrais  lu- 
tr.uclliMl  ii\iT  \ci\  inMiiy  tlu'  wlioK'  u\  llic 
llu'ii  -M'tlU'il  pcpi  iu)n>  lit  \\\v  (  iiimlrv.  return- 
iiiL;  uiili  a  1ii'l;i'  aniniiiit  nt'  ]iiii|nrt\.  In 
1771.   Ik-    rnliTi'il    Hitii   a     nua t  ant i Jo   imiIikt- 

■>Ili|)  wllll  J.ll.iV  llariill.  Ill  \\'nii(llilll\-,  ('(Hill., 
tlicii  an  ulc-.  Ill  (  ii|.at  liui>lii|i  liiii(lin;j,  tin  in 
till  >i\  \  (•  11^  a^  1  ii|iartiuis  in  "  Mm  liandi/iiii; 
aiiil  all  tliiii^->  thcrttii  iKJiinuinu;  anilinliii\- 
in.;,  SI  lliiiL;.  \>.iii!inu  and  rutailmu  all  MUts  nt 
UKiiiU.  wairs  and  i  (iiriniiiiliiu's  u  IkUmk  \  ci." 
'I'licso  aiiii  Ics  111'  I  ii|iariiu  r^lii|i  ,iic  \i:l  in  t-s- 
i-ilcni  r.  This  |i  irliiLaslii|,  ilmii  islird.  and  tlic 
paitiiLTs  lui  anic  ua-altlu:  luit  tlir  Inrakini; 
out  ol'  llir  Kivuliiiiiinaiy  War  viidrd  llic 
paitiiri  >lii|i  and  one  ol  iIk'Iii  a-suiiied  the 
ha/  iiiU  and  ulmifs  i,\  a  iiiililai\'  lilc. 

Ml.  Slniii'  atlrlii|iU-d  Im  a  tililrtii  Irliiain 
luiilral  and  trade  uitli  Imtii  |iartii's,  iIkuihIi 
lii-.  >\iii|ialli\  uas  willi  tlir  l<o\  alibis.  llui  In- 
was  siMiii  olili^cd  liiddlarc  liinisell  lor  one 
•ide  iir  the  other.  i'n  rein.iin  iieiilr.il,  was  to 
li  ■  siispec  led  \<y  I'lilii.  and  in  177'!  he  w.is 
|ierelii|itorilv  111  deled  liVthe  1  it'lii  ials  1  it  ('ull- 
Ule^s  to  del  1,11  e  ininiedi.iteK  u  hether  he  u  oiild 
t  ike  ii|i  ,11111s  ,i^aiiisi  ilie  r,iiii>li  l;ii\  einnieiit, 
or  turnisli  ,1  sulisiiinie.  lie  lel'iised  to  do 
eitlni;  .ind  heinu  \v, lined  lleit  lie  would  he 
I  ,llled    In  ,1   sliii  I     ,h  I  oiinl,    he   tied   hliniedh    to 

N'evv  \'oik.  uhii  h  u  as  ilun  liild  lis  the  liiilish 
lories,  ,ind  whiih  ln'  le.nhed  in  s,ifetv;  ,ind 
on  the  j>jth  ol'  June.  1777,  he  W.IS  I  nrolli  d  in 
(io\ernoi'  W'eiii  worili's  1  1  Jinni.md,  li\  ,1  i  oiu- 
inission  d.lled  .\jiiil  Id.  177S.  lie  111  illited 
liltvfoiir  men  or  more  for  two  viMrs'  sei\iie, 
uii.lir  I  omm and  o|  Sir  Willi, iin  Ilowe.  lie 
Weill  on  this  iiii~siijii  to  1 1  untiii_i;liin,  I.oiiu; 
I~l.ini!,  where  he  was  surprised  while  asleep 
.ind  taken  |irisoner,  .Ma\  ij.  1  7  7S,  li\-  a  coin- 
|i.in\  (it  wh,ilelio,il  men,  and  coiueved  to 
rairli'ld,  ('onne(  IK  lit.  I  ie  w  ,is  held  in  <  lose 
(  usioih  .nid  1  h  irued  wiih  hii;h  tre.ison.  I!ut 
he  m,in,lL;eiI  to  es(  .qie  on  the  2]i\  ol  JiiK.  ,ilid 
.1  week  IiterwMs  link  on   I.oiil;  Iskiiul. 

In  the  meantinie,  ihe  srlei  tnien,  tin'  (du- 
st.1  hies,   li,ii  lilt's,  ,ind  the  I  oil  I  ts  1  i|('(iniie(  ti<  lit 


li\  .Mr.  Stone  wluri  he  iK  d  to  N'ew  \'oik.  llv 
due  iiKKX'ss  (if  law,  as  it  then  ohl, lined,  hi-, 
re.il  and  jicrsonal  estate  w.is  ( ()nlis(  ,ited,  .ind 
the  iiroeeeds,  alter  deiliM  tin,i,'  costs,  were  leii- 
deled  for  luUelit  of  the  Si. He,  Not  ollU  did 
iIk'  ni.iL;isli.ites  and  ('iniiit\  ('ouil  .idjiidii  .ite 
111  the  111. liter  and  issue  evecutions,  Ian  the 
I'ldli.ile  Court  was  ,ilso  <  .ilkd  into  (i|ier.ilioii, 
,is  de.ilm.L;  with  the  effei  Is  ol' one  who  w.is  de- 
si  rilied  ill  the  iinentory  ,is  "  {Hi|iii(  .illy  de.id.  " 
The  |ierson.il  |irii]ii  rl\'  tliii^  esi  In  .iled  .i|i]ie.iis 
1>\  the  reliirns  to  li.ive  .iinounted  to  _/,'  |(;  1  :  (1:  (^, 
".It  the  r.ite  of  tw  eiit  \-eiL;lil  shilliiejs  foi'  .111 
l-'.nuhsli  j;iiiiii,i,  or  six  shillings  f.ir  .1  S|i,inisii 
milled  doll.ir."  The  re.il  est.iiew.is  .ippi  .list  ,1 
Ulid'r  0,1th  .It  ,{  i.sl-  l.r  '•  '  'I'e  |iiei  e  of 
1.111(1,  in  wliii  h  Mr.  .•sloin-  h  id  ,1  (iiie-h.ill  inli  i- 
(st.  in  the  tiiwnslii[i  of  W  iii(he-.|er,  w  is  iiol 
iin  hided,  for  the  iiMson.  |ir(i|i,dih,  lli,it  his 
IHir^in  Is  hid  no  knowledge  ol'   il,      .\(  1  ordiiiL; 

10  .\li.    .Spine's    own    st.iteim  nt.    the     firm    of 

11  noil  iV  Sioiie  h.id  .1  (  .ipii.il  ol' y,' I  j,(  (  .'J  sler- 
liii,u  in  siiM  k;  .ind  th.il  in  ,iii(litioii  In  his  sji.ire 
(it  til, It,  his  hooks,  lioiids  ,ind  ,ill  his  |ieiscai,il 
ellt  1  Is  w  ere  (  oiitisi  .ii((|. 

Ihiriiii;  his  re-i(l(  ik  e  in  Ni  w  \oik,  .Mr. 
.■sloiie  toinied  .111  ,i(  i|ii.iiiil,iin  .■  w  il!i  the  l.imiU 
ol  Willi, nil  .Moore,  .i  se.i  1  ,i|ii.iin,  .ind  on  the 
J  jd  of  .M.iiih.  i7'-^i--.  he  w,is  m.iiried  111  l.(,ili 
Moore,  the  (,i|il, Mil's  (l,Mi^lil(i.  Tlie  ni,il- 
ii.iL;e  (  eremoiu'  w  ,is  (  elehr.ited  |i\  Isi  w  (  'h,irl(  s 
ln;.^lis,  who  W.IS  iin  11  n  (  tor  ol  I'linitv  (  Iiuk  h, 
.\(W   \'(irk. 

In  .nldltioll  to  his  iieiisiiiii.  Ml.  .S|oiic,  ni 
I  oiiinion  with  .ill  wlio  li.nl  seisid  llie  Kin^  in 
the  l\e\  ohil  lon.ii  y  W.ir,  w.is  (iililleil  lo  ,1 
;;iaiit  ol  kind.  .Xnd  .liter  his  .iriiv.il  .il  (Jin- 
hei  ,  he  (  llde.lS  OK  (I  li\  ini|lliries  .1111!  |ie|s()iial 
iii\  eslii^.ilion  to  ,i-(  ert.iiu  wh.it  would  he  the 
iniisl  siiil,ilile  lo(  ,ility. 

Mr.    Sloiie    siitled    in    ('oinw.ill     with     his 

f.inilU.  lliell  '  llsi^liir.;  ol  his  wile,  hi-,  son, 
Willi. nil  Moore  .Sloiic,  ,111(1  his  d.iin^hler,  .M.iiy. 
lie  I  111  11  li.ised  soiiie  kind  at  ( 'ornu  all,  .ind  e.\- 
|i((ti(l  to  dr.iw  iSoo  or  i,oeo  a(  ri's  besides. 
lie  ere(  ted  a  dwelliiiL;  and  still  house,  and 
otherwise  elide, i\ol"ed  to  |iro\i(h'  ,1  |ienn.inenl 
home.      I'liit  he  w.is  iin.ihle  to  -,  i  ure    ,is    niiii  II 


ll.ld   lieen  alU  ndiii;;  to  the    i.roiierly  lei  I    there       laiul  .i-:  he  w,inled.      Most  ol    il  ha.d  heeii  pre- 


my^, 


;' 


f 


'    *! 


IliihJ 


■•■.!! 


Ill 

111 , 


'ill 


I 


G.i.y.ixonc/':     /:isy  .ix/>  /•/^/:s/:.\v\ 


311 


(•m|)tcil    bcloiu  lie  arrived,  and  lie  was,  tlicrc- 
U)W,  cominllcd   lo  <()iiu'  liiitluM-  towards  tlic 
west  in  search  of  unclaimed  territory.    lie  went 
to  (^»iiel)ec  and  sjient  some  lime  in  an  elfort  to 
se(  ure  all  the  land  alonj;  the  ( ;anano(iue  River, 
lint  .Sir  John  Johnson  brouj^ht  siit'ti<  ient  influ- 
en(  e  to  hear  npon  the  t^overnment  to  cause  a 
compromise  of  claims.     It  was  decided  that  -Sir 
John  shoidd  be  awarded  all  the  land  on  the  east 
side  of  the  (;anano(|\ie    River,  and  Mi.  .Stone 
all  on  the  west  side,  the  boiind.iry  of  each   to 
be  the  center  of   the    river.      Just    when    this 
de(  ision  was  arrived  at  is  not  set  down.      Hut 
Mr.   Stone  took   possession  of   his  portion   in 
I  79-',  and  the  patent  was  issued  six  years  later. 
In    1791,  Col.   Stone  went    to    Conne(  tii  ut 
with    his    two    children,    Willi. iiu   and    .Mary, 
wliom  he  placed  at  s(  hool  in  I  lartford.  haviiiL; 
jireviously  placed  a  sou  at  school  in  .Mcuitre.il, 
I.e.ih,  his  wile,  died  at   Cornwall,  about    179,;, 
but  the  exact    date    is   not   known.      In    i79,S, 
Mr.   Stone,   wiio   had   then    been  five   years   a 
widower,     and     h.ul     established     iiimself    at 
(lananocpie,  decided  to   marry  a  second   time, 
and    made    formal   proposal    to    Mrs.    .Vbiyail 
Dayton,  widow,  who  lived  in  the  township  of 
i'.urfoiil,  in  Cpper  Canada. 

Sutfu  e  it  to  say,  that  the  wooer  prosecuted 
his  suit  with  vigor,  and  in  time,  the  fair  ob- 
ject (jf  his  affections  surrendered  at  discretion, 
but  not  in  liaste.  They  were  married  in  the 
summer  of  1799,  removing  to  the  residence  of 
(■'"].  Stone,  at  (Janano(pie. 

l''roin  th.it  time  on,  the  i)articnlars  of  .Mr. 
Stone's  life  are  so  much  a  part  of  the  progress 
A\u\  growth  of  Ci.mann.pie  as  to  belong  more 
properly  to  the  history  of  the  town.  He  filled 
numerous  oflic  es  both  under  the  government 
and  by  local  ai>pointment.  He  was  the  first 
Collector  of  Customs:  a  Commissioner,  or 
Justice  of  the  Peace;  Chairman  of  the  Court 
of  (ieneral  Sessions  of  the  I'eace  for  the 
Johnstown  District;  Commissioner  for  ad- 
ministering the  0,1th  to  half-pay  ot'ticers;  Re- 
turning Otiicer  at  County  election  of  Member 
of  Parliament  in  1812;  a  member  of  the  Land 
l!o:ircl  for  District  of  Johnston,  established  in 
1.S19  for  loc.iting  settlers;  and  Road  ( )verseer 
loi  the    Township  of  Leeds. 


Hy  a  commission  d.itcd  3d  Janu.uy,  1S09, 
under  the  hand  and  seal  of  I'ranc  is  (iore, 
Lieut. -(iovernor  of  Upper  C:anada,  he  was 
appointed  colonel  in  the  jcl  Regiment  of 
Militia  tor  the  County  of  Leeds,  and  was 
thereafter  known  as  Colonel  Stone.  This 
oltice  he  resigned  in  Janu.iry,  i,Sj2. 

Three  children  were  born  to  .Mr.  Stone 
during  the  life  of  his  first  wife.  His  eldest 
son  William,  who  is  referred  to  as  "  Hilly  "  in 
.Mr.  Stone's  letters,  grew  to  iiuiliirity  at 
Cananocpie,  assisting  in  the  general  affairs  of 
his  father,  and  for  a  time  holding  the  position 
of  Deputy  Collector  of  Customs.  He  died  in 
1.S09,  aged  twenty-eight  years. 

In  the  fall  of  183,5,  llie  Colonel  caught  a 
severe  c  cjld,  and  tlied  on  the  joth  Nciveinber, 
in  the  eighty-fifth  year  of  his  age.  Mrs.  Stone 
survived  him  by  nearly  ten  ye.irs,  and  died 
August  .(,   1.S43,  in  her  ninety-third  ye.ir. 

The  events  of  his  settlement  in  (;anano(pie 
have  already  been  alluded  to,  but  we  will  add 
one  brief  letter,  which  sets  lurth  the  energy 
and  thrift  of  Col.  Sicuie,  better  by  f.ir  than 
any  desc  rijition  could: 

M'lM  KI.M  ,  if.lli   Inly,   iSdi. 
Mv  1)1. \i;;-  I  rc'Ciivi'd  vdiii   leiici  il.ncd    tlie    next 

day   aflcr    I    I,  li    1 e,  71I1    lun.-,  about    llucc^    .lays 

|i.isl  by  iiKR'  arcideiii.  I  ni.itU  well  llic  ,  ,,,Urius 
lliiTcof.  apiMDve  ,if  what  yoii  liavi-  dorjc,  and  must 
Willi  lileasuic  siiImiiIi  t..  ywiir  nsvu  wNdciii  1,,  do  as 
yon  tliink  best  iiiihl  I  cm  yet  home,  which  I  do  not 
iiUemI  sh.ill  hu  loriii,  belt  I  have;  not  yc'l  Ihm-ii  able  |o 
deliver  .ITU  of  my  Imards  and  plank.  .Xndrew, 
William  aud  David  will  sett  oil'  lo-moirou-  morninjr' 
with  Ihe  b.Mt  loaded  with  the  fcdhnviiiH  |Mcka-,s 
and  articles  a-rec^ble  to  ilc  enclosed  bills:  One 
lar-c  e.isk  wiiu',  two  trunks,  one  small  trunk,  ihc> 
bo.\  01  ehesi.  two  barrells,  two  k<'gs  unie  best  Made- 
ira wine,  one  cider  vinejjarl,  one  cask  nails,  two 
small  hales,  one  shovel,  one  s|.,ide.  i;nclose<|  [ 
send  yon  four  kc^vs,  one  lo  each  of  ihe  Iriinks,  .tikI 
one  to  the  chest.  Please  lo  be  careful  in  unpack injr 
the  pork  barred.  It  has  a  bottle  of  castor  oil  and  a 
lihial  of  pickery  roped  up  in  the  blankets. 

Ill  thc>  barrels,  and  in  your  chisi,  voii  will  lind  a 
number  of  articles  we  had  „i\  board  the  raft,  two  or 
Ihiee  axes,  .Vc  ,  and  voii  will  hnd  tobacco  and  sniilF 
(vi^.l,  2  lbs.  suMildnlv;  also  Hohea  tea  In  one  of  the 
casks,  and  Hyson  tea  in  one  of  the  laruc  trunks. 
The  Hohea  tea  is  fis.  per  Ih.  in  rase  you  sell  any,  and 
'lie  tobacco  3s.  Please  lo  put  the  tobacco  in  some 
inciist  [ilace. 


a-JlJU-l.l«JiJ.UUlJM 


3i: 


,/  >■(>/■/■/  \/A'  .'/    ////    ,./    /  .nth'/  \i  /    un  IK 


%x: 


ill  •!  ;  I 

MA 


\\i 


Till' oilier  .mil  lis  I  liavr  iii.iiUiil  ilic  I'li.iM.i  sril 
al  III  llli'  lulls  ill  lii\   own    li.iinl  u'iiIiiil;.       [    iiri.l    imi 

I'.lllliilll  VDII  I'l  '■ill  f'll  I  .l-.ll  clllll  ,  I  \1  1  pi  U  III  w  \M 
(iwc  .mil  111  p. I\  (.11  wll.ll  U'l'  lllll'-l  liliv.  I  lir  l.liui' 
rask  of  Willi-  in.iy  tii'  vciy  unoij  In  iliiiilc  .is  uim  .iinl 
walrr,  anil  vmi  may  sell  il  al  fs  pn  ^.illuii  ilMm  i  .hi, 
lull   I  tiiiii^lil  1 1  Willi  .1  vii'W  III    iii.ikiii;;  K  III!  :;.ii    niilv . 

I  ^,Mvi'  IS  per  ii.illiiii  fill   il.      'I'lir  anil  lis  in  lln-  l.iiyr 

I I  link  ulicic  llir  II  y  Si  111  1 1  .1  is  .iir  ii.ii  iii.ii  kdl,  iim  i- 
till'  liill  -ciit.  V.Mi  will  liii'l  I'm  I  iiiiilon's  i||ii].s  III 
lllc  iMlIlk  wllrll-  lllr  ll\>.ill  II  .1  i>,  wllirh  Viul  III. IV 
sell  al  5s  pii  liollli',  luil  lliii--r  i:i  llic  pnk  ImihI. 
1  lijli-  plii.ils  keep  fill  Viiur  own  lis.'.  Vmi  will  mi 
llir  priipli-  .11  Willi;  .IS  \iiii  iiiil  imisi  iiii-iss.iiy  iiiiiil 
I  uil  111  mil'.  I  II  111 '■I,  if  pii-'~ilili'.  Ill  mil:  iliiwii  .nil  1 1  hi  i 
i.ifl  lliis  si-aSDii.  t  )M  Ml.  I 'li.iplr  will  lie  ii|.  a^.ilii 
a''  sunn  as  lie  li.is  lioiu'  visiiniu  liis  fiit'iul-. 

I  .1111  inv  ili'.ir  in  yifat  liasic,  willi  a  \'\\  li.n!  pin 
.iinl  ink  .unl  m\   In  -I  i  \i  iiinns, 

Viiiil   iniisl  .illcrliim.ilr, 

lull     S  I '  iM  . 

l''iir  iniu'li  111'  till'  iii-iUiT  ri'i.il  iiii;  In  (nl. 
SliilU',  wo  .ire  indrlitril  tn  I  Kl  I  M  \  \  r.ki  II  I  i\, 
l'',si|.,  cilitni'  111'  tiic  •'  (  l.iii.miii|ilt'   Ri  liiil'U'l." 

So  I'.ir  as  till'  iniiu'dvi'iiu'nt  nl"  his  u.itci'- 
1  lower  w.is  I  .iiHcriicd.  ( 'ill.  ."sloiie  iliil  Inil  liltlr 
iDW.irds  il,  IcMsiiii;  it  finally  tu  lii^  son-iii-l.iw. 
Cli.ii'k's  Ml  1  )iin.ilil,  wild,  in  i.^ij.  lu'-.in  In 
cirry  im  .m  i'\irii-.i\  c  liusincs-,.  lie  Imilt  .i 
saw-mill,  .mil  a  sm.ill  ;4iisi-mill,  ami  in^.i^i'il 
l.ir;.^i'ly  in  llic  himlicr  li'.nK',  sliiiijiin;^  l.irur 
i|ii,intities  to  ( jiu-lin  ,  ami  .iNo  siiii|ilyiiiL;  llir 
yox-frniiR'nt  wiiii  slii|i  tiinlirr,  scmt.iI  w.ir 
vcssrls  liL'ini;  (in  the  storks  ,it  Kim;stiin,  .il 
tiiat  tiiiii,'.  In  iSi;,  ('hi-..  Mi  !)iin.ilil  u.is 
joincil  liv  liis  Iniiilur  jnlin.  .iinl  l.itri'  li\  ,in- 
otJR-r  lirollu'r  ('nlliii;  .iiid  in  i.Sjd,  tin.'  linii  nl 
"C.  \-  J.  MiDnnald  .md  I'.iiiilur "  iici  tid 
the  Lii'^cst  llmirin^  mill  in  llir  I'lmmii'.  Tu 
siijiplv  this  mill,  i;i".iin  w  ,is  lirminlii  in  schiniii- 
eis  from  the  \\\"-t;  .md  owiii^  to  its  i  a]iaiil\' 
of  J50  barrels  ]K'r  day,  was  fur  niiiu  \r,n> 
enabled  to  siipiily  one-i|iiarter  of  .dl  the  llmir 
received  at  .Monirr.il.  The  iloiir  u.i>  mhi 
down  in  l).itteau\  and  |)iirh,im  boat--,  a  b.it- 
teaii  load  lieinii  from  150  lo  200  birreK, 
while  a  |)iirh.im  bo.it  i  arried  .(50  birrrls. 
'I'he  forw.irdiiiL;  liiisiness  .it  ih.il  time  wa-,  in 
the  hands  of  II.  \'  S.  Jones.  'I'he  blmk 
houses  built  al  ( 'i,m.inoi|iie,  and  on  ('hiii.'.es 
Island,  were  built  for  ilu;  ;_;o\ernment  bv 
t:harles  McDonald. 


The  first  ■.lore  111  ( 'i,m.moi|iie  w.is  opened  in 
i.Mj  li\  (hi...  .\|(  I  »onalil,  .md  the  .Mi  I  )on.iliN 
.iImi  buih  liie  lils|  I  hull  h  ill  the  pi. 11  e.  1 1 
«  .1-,  free  fill  .ill  ilein  iinm.ilion-.,  .md  w  .Is  I  rei  ltd 
ill  i.S^j.  .Some  loin  01  Ine  \e.iis  l.iiii.  the 
Ml  ihodisl-,  rreeli'd  .1  '-mill  wooden  building 
nil  ihesileof  theple-.enl  ihunli.  This  de- 
nomin.ilion  lllini'-hed  liie  I'll-.!  lenill.ir  seiviies 
ill  the  vill,l;;e.  The  lllst  re^idelil  millisU  r  W.IS 
Ue\.  William  ('.Uson.  .■\mnni;  the  first  settlers 
nf  the  \ill.iue  w.is  r'.|ihr.iiin  Webster,  who  was 
.illeru  .lid    c  olie    tor  nf    iilslonis    al    l'.lnik\llle. 

In  i.'s.ji,  the  sleaiiier  William  I  \'  w.is  built  at 
(l.in.iiioipie  by  a  joint  >to(  k  lomp.nu.  This 
u. Is  the  sle. liner  th.i'  the  noted  Ihll  bi'inslon 
ind  his  followers  .illeiupled  lo  1  .ipliiie  iliiring 
the  sii-i  .ilh'd  I'.urint  w.ir,  \>\  slieliiiiiiL;  a 
(li.iin  .11  loss  , I  narrow  1  h.iimel  belvMeii  two 
isl.imU.  The  .illempl  l.iiled,  bill  u  .is  siic- 
II  ssliil  ,i>  lo  ihe  .Sir  Robeil  I'eel,  lel.ited  eNe- 
u  here. 

The  writer's  ,i(  know  Il'(l^menls  are  due  lo 
his  honor  ihe  m.iyoi  ami  sever. il  .ihlernu'ii  for 
lu.mv  f.i\ors  in  ihe  w.i\  nf  inl'orin.ilioii  .if- 
1 1  111  led.  bill  espei  l.lIK  lo  till'  I  loll,  (  '.  I''.,  lil.'jl  - 
liiN,  whose  interest  m  ihe  welfare  of  his  town 
is  siroiiL;  and  .ibidiii::. 

In  (  iiui  liidiiiL;  lliis  brief  sketch  of  the  e.iily 
hisiorv  of  ( l,in.iniii|iie,  ihe  wriler  di'sires  lo 
.idil.  ill  il  sieps  .ire  now  brim;  l.iken  to  build 
.111  ilei  trie  r.iilw.iy  lioin  lli.il  \ill,iL;e  to  the 
iil\-  of  Kinnston.  In  but  iluie  is  at  this 
wiiiiiiL;  .1  bill  beloie  IViili.imenl  .iskiiii;  lor  an 
at  I  of  im  orpnr.iiion,  wliii  h  will  no  doubt  1  e 
,L;r,mt('d.  Its  ^iiu.nion,  iis  w.iter  power,  ils 
cnmmerii.il  o|ipnrl  imil  ies,  iis  man  iilai  iiiriin; 
pri\ileL;es,  enlille  (i.m.moipie  lo  .1  |iopul,iiion 
ol  I  iilly  I  :;,ooo  soiiK;  ,1111 1  this  it  i  anno!  i.iil  lo 
re.di/e.  unless  its  le.idiiiL;  1  ili/eiis,  li\  injudi- 
cious ,ii:is,  sji, ill  ret.ird  ihe  onw.iiil  man  h  of 
iinproveiU'.'iil,  .mil  par.ily/e  progress.  .-X  };ii'.it 
nimiberof  I. ikes  in  its  re.ir  mil  only  guarantee 
the  pierpetuity  of  its  water  |iower,  but  make 
the  vill,i-e  ihe  L,Mlew.i\  to  ihe  liiiesl  lis|iinir 
and  hunliui;  i;roimds  in  .\iiieric,i.  Th.ii  (l.m- 
■  inoipie  is  destined  to  bei  oiue  one  of  the 
lhri\ini;  1  ities  ol  ihe  St.  I.iwreme  region 
.idmils  of  bill  slight  ('oubt. 

.\    biiel     liioL;rapliii  ,il     skeli  h    of    the    other 


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K''iii'<''"    I"    llii'    IiikK    which    (  (iii,iitiiir     ih.'  lirnri.il,"    .iiii]    ' '  1 11  ,|  ,(■(  tor-Cifivral . "   o;'     ih.' 

|irf,t'iit   >,iic  (il    (;.iii,iiuii|uc.  iii.i\  |,in\c   iiitn-  Six  N.itiun  ,  .m,l  ihnr  i  (mtiilri.itc-.,  .iiid  iiT  ;i|| 

clmji  to  ihi'  iiMilii.     \\r  1,1(1,  (,f  luiiiM',  In  ihc  IikIi.iii  NiiKiii-,  iiih.ihilin-  tlic  I'rovincc  ol 

Sii  Jnhii  Joliiison.  iS.ir'l.  (Jiirhfc    ,111,1    Ih,-    Kmiiiici^  ;i    iioMtioii  whi.  1, 

This    (li.liii-iii-hctl     l.i.y.ih>l    u,i>    th,'    only  he  h, 'hi  Cur   iii.uiv  Vcirs.       \\  \\\r   <  I,,,,'  of   thr 

son  ol    Sir  Wilh.iiii   Johnson,  liy  his   liist  wih',  w.ir   hi'  sutUf,!  in   Cin.hl.i,  whcr,'   h,'  iccriv,',! 

('Mlhi'mif    WiM'nlnTj^.      lie    u.i-,   l,,,iii    ;it    his  ^T.ints  of  l.ini!  hoin  ihr   <  roun,  ,m,l  where,  in 

l.ilhcr's     reNiihnce     on    ih,'     ,Moh,u\k     l\i\i'r,  a,lilition  lo  other   oHi,es,  h,hl    hy  him,  he  w.is 

Noveiiilier    S'     1 7  I-'-       lie    \\,i>    .sliK.iieil    in  r,,loii,|   ,,r    ihe    si\    iiiihii.i    JMli.ihoii^  ol    ihe 

'■"'"kI'II"'.  ;ii"l  "'lili'  on  ,1    \i-,itlo  ih,'  inothiT  ,.ist,rii    |o\vnshi|is   ol'    Lower  ('aiKid.i,    .ind   a 

eoiinlrv,    .\o\,nilhr    jj,    17(15,    "'•i''    knigliled  iiuml'er  of  tiie  Legislative  ('()iin<il. 

l>y    Cor';.'    Ill     in    lii^   l.itlier\    lil'eliiiie    as    a  Hiirini^his   loir^  ami   hii^y  iil',',  th,'    liaronet 

iiMik   ol    lavor    to    th,'    lallu'r.      II,'    iii,irrie,l  ha, 1  no  lised  alio,!,',  l.iit  resided  al    M.intreal. 

Mary     W.itts,    ilaiinhtir    ,if    ih,-    lloii.    John  Larliine,  Kin^-,ton,  etc.,  as  his  fancy  diiialed. 

\\'al!-,,of  His  Mai,'siy'.,C,,iiii,  il,  liin,',;^,  177  >,  lie     had    a    slio,.tiii-    1h,x    at    a    spot     railed 

and  on  the  ile.ith  of  his  lallu'r  he  sue,  e,-deil  to  "  .\!,)iint  Johns, m,"  in  the  coiinly  of  Iberville, 

Johnson's    ILill,  an,l  l.iri^e   1  in, led   estates   ,>n  ami  a  ,,.nntryseat  at  'I'wi,  kenhain,  i;iii;lan(l. 

the  M,. hawk,  twent\-foiir  mil.  ^  11,1111  S,  heiie,-  II,'    ,lie,l    at     the    resiilenc,-    of    his    daii'L;hter, 

tady,  and  to  his  fallur's  rank  ,if  niaj-ir-j^emral  Mr-..  i!ow,r>,  in  the  ,  ity  of  .Montre.il,  lannary 

ill  the  New  WnV.  militi.i.  .j.   i,S;o,  in  the  ei-hly-ninth  \  ear  of  his  a-e. 

it   w.is  only    naliir.il    th.il   ,1    l.iiinly    ulii<h  

IkuI  ivceived  s,>  many  l.iv,.r,  lr,>m  th,'  .  n.wn,  '|  h,'    m.iniif.utunis   ,if  (;anano(|iie    are  as 

shoiiM  remain   loy.il;  an,l    lun,  ,■    th,-   ,li^lrll•^t  f,,ll,,us:    Th,'  ( ;.iii.ino,|ii,.  ( "arriane  ( 'o.,  whi,  h 

wiihwhi,  h   his  every  a.t  W.1-,  vi.'w,',!,  h.ulin-  h.i-,    a    l.r.m,  h    ,it     llro,  kville;    tl?e   Thousand 

t,.  Ih,'  exulion  of   |,le,l-es  f,,r  his  fiiiiire  con-  M,,iul     Carria-,'     C,,.,    l.oih    ,,f    wlii,  h     turn 

dii.l,    whi,h    he,   ,.f    ,,mrM-,    refiis,',l   t,.   i;i\,'.  ,,„t    a    lar-e   number   of    handsome    velii,  les; 

Le,irnii),t^   tl   it  St,]!-,  h.i,l  l„.en  tak,n  t,.  .i|,|,r,-  M,-.  (;,.„ruc  ( iillies.  manufacturer  of  bolts  and' 

hen,l    him,    he   suminone,!    a    niiinb.r   of    his  nm.   ,;n,l    sa,l,llery    hardw.ire;     I'.irmenter    \- 

tenants  and  some  ,,f   hi-,  nei-hlM,rs  w  ho    m  in-  |!iill,„k,  manufa,  turers   of    rivets,    wire    nails 

patlii/ed  with  him,  ami   t,.-eth,  r  they  tlid    1,,  md   ,1   v.iriety  of  small    articles;   tlu- Ontario 

C:anada.      On  hi.  ariiv,.i,  he  w.i,   at  on.  e   .ip-  Uhe.l  Comp.my,  which  turns  out  ,in  immense 

pointed  a  <  .il,)nel    in    the    Ilrili.h   servi,  ,•,  and  niiml),r  of  carri.ijre-whcls    annually;   the  St. 

proceeded  to  or-ani/ea  corps  of  tw,)  battalions  I.awien,e  Steel  and  Wire  Comiiany,  manufac- 

whi,  h  w.is  known  as  the  "  R,)y,il  Re-iment  of  turers   of  eors,.t    steels,    ,  rin,>line    steels   and 

New    York,"    and    as     the     "(^)ueen's    Loyal  arti,  les  ,,f  that  nature.      The  mxt  is  the  Klec- 

Americans;"    but    popularly,    the   corps    was  trie  Li^ht   Station,  one  of   the    ino.i  <  .imjiletc 

known   as  "  Johnson's  R,)yal   C.reens."     This  stations  of  an\  town  its  si/e  anywhere.   Cross- 

re-iment  formed  a  part  of  the  force  under  the  in-  the  r.iilway  brid-e,  voii  ,  ,.me  to  to  Cowan 

command  of  Lieut. -C,)l.   Harry   St.  Le-er,  in  \-    llrilton,    manufacturers    of    naiU,    hin-es, 

his    campaign     against     Lort    Stanwi.v    (now  butts  and    special    arti,  le.    in    iron  aiul   steel; 

Rome,  N.  v.),  the  defeat  of  whom  did  not  in  ().  I).  Cowan  manuf.u  turer   of   <  lotlus  wring- 

tlie  least  diminish  his  intense  bitterness  against  ers,  harrows  ami  ele(  tii,  il  fixtures;   Skinner  \' 

his  neighbors  in    the    Mohawk   Valley,  whose  C,).,    m.miifacturers     ,,f    hames,    snaths    and 

d(miains    he    ravaged  with    lire  and  sword   in  woo.len  goo,ls;  C.mano.pie    Spring  and   Axle 

17.S0,    though    defeated    at    Lox's    Mills,   and  Company,  m.nuif.i,  turers   of   carriage   springs 

forced  to   make  a  hasty,  if  not   inglorious   re-  and  carriage  axles  on  a  large  s,ale;   the  D.  F. 

'""'•"•  Jonjs    M.iniifictiiiing  Company,  manufactur- 

On   the    14th  of    ^Llrch,    17,^2,  he   was   ap-  crs  of  spades  and  shovels;  C.inano.pie    Fiirni- 

pointed    "Commissioner,"    "Suiierintendent-  lure  Company,  manufacturers  of   furniture  of 


' 


3'^' 


,;  .si>rr/:.\7u  >>/-  riii:  <v  /..i  ii/:/  xc/    ri\  i  r. 


all     (l^.^(  ri|ilii)Hs:     ('i.iiianiM|nL-     KnlU'i      I-loiii  ls.i)U\,i\    (■'nii,iii\,    iii.iki'-    (  (.inu  (  ;  h  m--    \uiii 

Mill;    Mill  hell    \    WINciii,  |iKiniiiL;    milN    and  all  |ia-.^iiimi  I  iain>  ci^i  .iiid  u  est  <iu  i  In   (,    I 

(iinlrai  tills;   (  •.   \'.    ( imili'lic,    iiirncil    wooilcn  K.,  and  niu-  .  a  llir  nid^i  i  lau' nn  ni   |..iiii^l(a 

j;iM)(K   ol    all    diM  ri|ilii)ns;    'riuiiisanil    Inland  (  liii   lun  and  iIh    u  (  si. 


i 

I    f   I 

[  1!! 


I'  I 


il, 


I        Mill 
1    ' 


Till-     "  SKW    Isl.ANIi    WANIMKIU." 

Iluloii;--  to  lln■•rll"ll^tlllc|  l-l;iiia  suMiiili. ,,il  I  |i.inv.  makiiij  Dinlv  l-lxmr  mn';  iininri'j  iIm-  Ishmas      siinim  i     ■  l-l.n  ,i  lii  II.     .  i     .ui.'  I.iir. 

innki"-  cl'.iilv  t^'|l^  I'l  •  l_''hci^liiiri; 





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BKOCKVILLE, 


THE    GATE-CITY   TO    THE    THOUSAND    ISLANDS. 


s 


rST  ;U  tlie  foot  of  llu'  'I'hoiisand  Islamls, 
126  miles  west  of  Montrcil,  and  liftv 
miles  east  of  Kini^nton,  stands  the  heaiitifiil 
town  of  Hrockv  ille.  Its  history  is  one  of  inter- 
est, as  being  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in 
Ontario,  and  as  one  which  has  not  stood  still, 
hut  has  made  a  steady  [irogress,  a  solid  sub- 
stantial [growth,  in  step  and  cadence  with 
modern  improxement.  The  modern  "  booms," 
with  their  (:onsei|uenl  reac  tionjiave  never  been 
inllii  ted  upon  Hro(  kville,  and  in  consecpience 
it  has  tell  none  of  the  enervatinL;  inllueiices 
seipient  upon  perifids  of  undue  inllation. 

In  17S4,  one  hundred  and  eleven  years  ago, 
Adam  Cole,  havinj;  left  the  United  States,  and 
being  still  desirous  of  remaining  under  the 
protection  of  the  ilritish  (lag,  to  which  he 
deemed  his  allegiance  due,  sailed  uji  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  landed  on  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent city  of  l{ro(  kville;  but  from  the  lac  t  that 
to  him  the  land  seemed  rough  and  imiin  iling, 
he  pushed  on  to  a  point  six  niile^  above,  and 
lui ally  settled  at  what  is  now  known  as  ("ole's 
l-'erry.  In  the  following  year,  another  enthu- 
siastic U.  Iv  Loyalist.  William  Ihicll,  located 
on  the  lot  where  a  large  part  of  the  we>tern 
portion  of  the  citv  now  stands.  Shortly  after- 
ward, (Charles  Jones,  following  in  the  footsteps 
ot  his  predecessor,  took  up  the  adjoining  lot 
on  llie  east.  These  first  settlers  were  of 
course  subjected  to  all  the  inconvenience^  in- 
cident to  pioneer  life;  but  in  a  short  time  ihe 
little  settlement  beianie  a  (li^tribulmg  point 
lot  government  stores,  wliich  wcic  --npplied 
to  settleis  in  the  shape  of  pro\  isions  and  im- 
plements, ,ind  ipiite  soon  it  s|i|-.i,im  mio  some 
prominence,  and  beg.m  to  grow. 


The  surrounding  township  was  named 
Lli/abethtown,  and  for  a  number  of  years  the 
village  was  known  by  that  name,  and  also  by 
the  name  of  liuell's  Hay.  Finally,  the  resi- 
dents began  to  favor  a  more  dignified  title, 
and  then  no  little  difference  of  opinion  arose 
(oncerning  the  name  of  the  place,  which,  as 
is  almost  always  the  case,  resulted  in  a  pa- 
tronymic bestowed  by  outsiders,  which  was 
far  more  expressive  as  to  fact,  than  coiuluc  ive 
to  dignity.  Mr.  Ihiell  and  his  friends  were 
extremely  desirous  of  naming  it  "  Williams- 
town,"  in  honor  of  William  Ihiell,  the  first 
settler.  On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  [ones  iind 
his  adherents,  insisted  that  "  ( 'harlestown  " 
should  be  the  name,  after  Mr.  Charles  [ones; 
and  between  the  factions  sui  h  a  strife  was 
engendered,  and  so  bitter  was  this  miniature 
war  of  the  rival  roses,  that  the  outlving  resi- 
dents i)econiing  disgusted  with  the  endless 
bickerings,  incontinently  bestowed  the  ni(  k- 
nanie  of  "  Snarleytown  "  upon  the  place,  which 
adhered  to  it  for  a  long  time. 

In  iSii.  however,  a  new  system  of"  grand 
la<  tiis  was  introdui  ed  into  the  local  war,  and 
.Mr.  IJuell  demonstrated  his  abdily  as  a  tac- 
tician by  having  his  pro])erty  surveved  and 
laid  out  into  town  lots,  setting  aside  ground  - 
for  a  ])ublic  scpian^,  (  ourt-house,  etc  ..  of  whic  h 
he  had  a  map  published  on  which  was  duly 
set  forth  desirable  properties  for  sah:,  thus  in- 
augurating for  that  dav  and  age  a  verit.ible 
appioach  to  the  moclern  "boom,"  or,  at  all 
events,  ,is  near  to  one  as  liroi  k\ille  has  ever 
experienced.  Pesirous  of  becoming  a  large 
landed  proprietor,  Mr.  Jones  was  averse  to 
disposing  of  his  property  in  like  manner,  .md 


if 


II 


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,■;  ;.('/■ //.A /A'  I'/    /'///:  >/.  /..I ifu/:\'<7   av/VwV. 


J  ! 


llirlil<  no     |i|.l(  th  .lllv     .11  klliiu  lid^rd     tll.ll     ill'  ^(lliiiilU'l     JmIm,   .lllil     I  ui  i     llllli^li     \  (.s-.cls.   1  he 

was    niit-i;i.iuiMK(l,  liul    lir  \\.i^    by  im    inc. ins  |''..iil    <i|    Mdii.i    .ind  ilu'    l>iikc  nl    (  IIhik  I'^tcr, 

(k'li'.iU'd.       Tlic    t.ii  liiiii^  i;rcv\   .iiid    miilliiilud  \\.u\  ,in  nii^ji^i  inriil    (p|i|iiisHc  dn    Inwn.  uliicli 

in    niimlur--.  ,111(1  llic   lend    in    inli  n^ii  \ ,  li  ir  a  l,i-.ii  d  Im  I  liu  r  Iimiii-',  <  r,i-.mj;  li\  inni  lul  (  mi- 

dn  .idc,  uiilil  it   -rciiU'd  a  IcJie^i >iu' <  ihicIm^ii iii  >onl    ulirii    daikiu-^i    rami     mi,  iicillu  i     |miI\ 

llial    "  Snaik\  liiwn  "    \va->    111, civ     ici    Income  liaviiiL;    ^iilkTcd    any  m.iUTi.il  dainam^  ;  —  an 

tlk'    [H  iin  iiu-nl    di-^iL^n.ii  inn    nl     tin-    Im  .ilily.  cnii'lialii     and  sinhil'icant    coinmint    npmi   llu' 

r'inallv.  in    i  Sj  i ,  ( l.is  ..'i  ikh-I  Iriinal    Sir   I^aac  skill  (if  Imih  |Mrlirs  in  the  ii^c  nt'  all  illnv .     On 

IliiK  k,  luiiiL;  in  lln     |.|,i(  f.  tin    dl■^|'llU■  was  ii-  llir  ni-hl  ol    tin-  dlli  nl     l<  iuiiaix.    iSi  5,  ('.i|it. 

fiTird  In  him.  .md  lu'    innnrdi.ilrl  v  M'ttlcd  the  l'()r-.\ih.  nl    llic    Kilh-..    llim    (  nmm.inckinl    al 

dillnnhs     lis   lH--lnuin:;    hi--    nun    ii.mu.'    iijinn  (  >;.;di.n>liiiiu,  m  ik  lied  up  the    ii>ri   tn  Mniiis- 

tlii'    pl.K  r.       It   w.is  .1   li.lpli\'  lhnlli;lit,  and    hkr  Inuii.  ,ind,  (  ln^-,in-     nn     tlu      11  r,   tnnk     |in:,--c.s- 


ilf'ti 


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1  U'  iKI  \'  ,    1    \  ■  I     I  !,■  'M      ,1,'    Mil,    «  \  I  1  I,  I  I  '\\  ■ 


i\',     '  .1      W  1  \  I  I  I       1  -■)  I    ■(  = 


^!i  f! 


|inniin'4    nil    n|inn    trmiMrd  w  ilcis,  it    1   ilimd  --inn    ii(    the    tnwn,     (aptniiin^    --i\ci.il    nl     its 

the    --tmin    \i\   s.iti^lvini:   thr    i  nnicndiiiL;    I.k  |ii(iininint  i  iti/rn^.  and  iclci^mL;  ^r\  n  il  pris- 

iimi>.     wlin     mrrL;id     ihcir    ilitloii'iK  is     inin  niui  s  I  inin  die  j.iil,  inn-.|  i.r  wlmm  wnc  Aiini  i- 

"  r.in(  k\  illi."  ,1  11,1 11  a-  <.\i'l'  siiK  o  irl,iiiu'd,  and  1,1  n^  wlin  h,'d    In  en  Liken    piisniieis  and   <  mi- 

,-ne    In  lie    |i|iiild   nl.       A-.    .111    nid    resident    nl  lined  lllele.       1 1   is  rel.lti'd     tll,ltC',l|it.    jnlsNth 

the    c  lt\     lelil, liked    In    the  Wliter:    "  It    w,i-    ,1  lel'11-.ed    tn  reliMse    a    lirisnner  wlin  \\,ls    iii<  .ir- 

^hieuil     i\eiii|ilili(  .ilinn    nl"    the    tahle    nl    ihe  eeiated  mi  a  1  h.ii -e  nT  murder;    lull   in  his  de- 

innnkex.    the    1  .it^     and     tin-    i  heese       Imt     it  feii-e  his  counsel   M)iii;lil  In  win  ,1  pnint  in    his 

worked   uiil  ,ind  -.ili--lied  ,ill  |Mllies.'"  l.ivnr    li\   estalilishiiiLi    the  tut    tli.it,  while   lie 

niirillL;   the  u.irol     \>^\:    1^.   lUnikulle  w.i--  iniuhl  lia\ f  eseaped.  he  wmihl  imt,  llnis«re,il- 

nllen    the  ^(  elle  nf    I  i  \  el\    ( i|  1.  r  1 1  inns.       ()ntlie  ill:;  ,1  st  rnllL;  inlerelli  e  nt    hi.,    inniK  em  e.        He 

.'ijth    nl  Jiih.    i.Sij,  the    I   iiiteil    .St, ites  aimed  w.i-.  iie\crt  liele--  ,  (  nn\  ii  ted  .ind  h.in^ed. 


• 


I'-yrr 


if: 


l!  >:. 


«?« 


O 


M       i 


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Ill 


THE  n  ROCK  I'll.  LE  OE    TO-DAV. 


i^i 


l''ifty-t\v()  [irisoncrs,  wiili  a  large  amount  of 
stores  ami  amintmition,  was  tlie  result  of  the 
capture  of  lirot  kville,  ami  ;in  e(iual  number  of 
American  prisoners  was  tiie  result  of  a  re- 
prisal whicli  immediately  followed,  in  which 
t'ajit.  Forsyth  was  badly  beaten  at  Ogdensburg 
by  the  C!anadian  volunteers  under  ("apt.  Mc- 
Donnell, who,  in  addition  to  the  prisoners,  caj)- 
tared  a  large  amount  of  military  stores,  several 
l)ie('es  of  artillery,  sonii;  small  arms,  besides 
destroying  tlie  barracks.  'I'he  Americans  lost 
twenty-three  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  were 


toward  the  dignity  and  importance  of  a  city. 
The  old  methods  of  n.ivigation  on  tiie  St. 
Lawrence,  batleaux  and  Durham  boats,  have 
given  way  to  elegant  steamers,  which  have  re- 
duced the  time  from  Montreal  from  weeks  \.o 
hours.  Railways  have  replaced  the  uncertain 
stage  coach,  and  now  few  towns  are  more 
favorably  situated  than  is  Urockville,  as  regards 
connections  both  by  water  and  by  rail.  Tiie 
main  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  runs 
through  the  town,  and  has  been  an  important 
factor  in  its  development.     Direct  communi- 


r» 


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nil 


vmtr 


TUl.    SN<IU     IN    ■-IKKl.rs    (Pl     W  Al  l-.RmWN,   WISrKR    Ol'    l^f)^-C)^. 


\ 


forced  to  retreat  to  HIai  k  Lake.  Since  the 
senseless  and  un<  alli-d  for  (li^turban(  e  of  1837, 
which  culminated  in  the  surreiuler  of  the  rebels 
at  the  Windmill,  and  the  ripi)le  ( aused  by  the 
Fenian  Raid,  Hrockville  has  enjoyed  uninter- 
ru|ited  pea(  c,  and  has  steadily  thriven,  pursu- 
ing the  even  tenor  of  its  way,  until  now  we 
have 

The  Hk(KKvii.i.i.  of  To-Dav. 

Willi    a   population  of  very   nearly,   if  not 
quite    ro,ooo,  Hrockville  is  fairly  on  the  road 


cation  with  Ottawa,  the  capital  of  the  Do- 
minion, only  seventy-four  miles  distant,  is  af- 
forded by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
which  absorbed  into  its  gigantic  system  the 
old  Hrockville  and  Ottawa  Railway.  Already 
the  Hrockville,  Westport  and  Sault  St.  Marie 
Railway  has  been  completed  to  Westport,  and 
in  addition  to  making  a  large  section  of  coun- 
try tributary  to  Rrockville,  when  completed 
to  the  "  Soo,"  and  connecting  there  with  the 
.\merican  railways,  this  will  become  one  of 
the  great  trunk  lines,  connecting  the  Atlantic 


.;! 


! 


!■ 


iir   ' 


nil: 

i  ■ 
i 


;-4 


.7  :>i>rr/-.\7A'  ('/■    ////.  .' /.  /.,;;/A7..\( /,  av  ;/,/>•. 


se.iho.ird  with  the  (irial  West.  I'n'sitles.  there 
is  MOW  jirnjec  ted  an  eleetrie  railway  to  rim 
lietwee'i  l!rn(k\ille  and  ()tla\\a,  wliich  uill 
npen  the  Kideia  <  nimtry.  and  be  nf  ureal 
benefit  tn  that  entiri-  seeiicin.  I'y  ste.iin  lerry 
to  Mori  i^tiiw  II,  iiiiineetion  is  hid  with  the 
RoiiK'.  W'aterlciwn  and  (  )^deiiibiirj;  Kailwa\-, 
whi' h  loim-  a  part  ol'  the  L;r<.Mt  Central  -.ss- 
teiii  1)1  Neu  \iiik;  the  larue^t  on  the  Ameri- 
can cunlineiit  and  now  it  is  |i|i  ipo.sed  to 
Imihl  a  bridge  ai:ro>>  the  St.  Lawremc  at  tiiis 
])oint,to  coniui  t  the  Canadian  and  American 
systems,  the  prehiniiMry  steps  to  whi(  h  have 
alreadv  been  taken,  (  harters  sec  nred  in  both 
countries,  .mil  it  is  cdnridenlly  e\pe<ted  ih.il 
active  sti'ps  in  the  way  ot' rcuistrncticm  uill  he 
t.ikeii  within  .i  leu   niunihs  at  tlie  t'.irthest, 

I  )iirinj;  the  season  ol  niviuation,  the  steamer 
servile  is  cMellent.  I'he  sti-amers  ol'  the 
Richelieu  and  ()ni.irio  .\'a\  i;^ation  Coinpaiu 
c.ill  dailv  on  their  trips  bi'tween  I'uront'i  .md 
Montre.il  and  xaiimis  American  ports  .mioiij; 
the  'ihoiisaiul  Isl.mds.  Ilesides  these,  the 
(  >i  ean,  \le\andria,  ( 'iib.i,  etc.,  do  a  larj;e 
liei^ht  and  ii,is>enj;er  business,  so  that  uater 
tai  ilities  .ire  ol  the  best  (lu.iilty,  .md  le  idilv 
av.iil.ible  .It  the  minimimi  ol  dela\.  I'iie 
ste.imer  ser\  ice  to  the  'I'Iiohs.iikI  Islands  has 
of  Lite  ye  irs  been  supplied  b\  the  |ohn  lia-- 
_L;arl,  .1  i  onimodious  \essel,  well  adapted  to  the 
purpose. 

.\s  .1  siinmier  resort,  r)rock\ille  offers  ex- 
ception,il  ailvantaL;es.  The  .^re.il  Anieric  .111 
resorts  amoiii;  the  islands  .ire  within  e.isy 
re.K  1),  being  onlv  from  twent\-li\e  to  thirtv 
miles  .iw.iv.  .and  e.isilv  re.iclied  !)\'  ,my  one  of 
tlie  d.lily  line  of  stciiiiers  which  plv  diiriii;; 
the  w.iterin^  season.  Hesides  these,  the  haii- 
|)ire  St.ite.  Ainern.i  and  St.  I..iwrenie.  all 
splendid  steamers,  make  almost  d.iily  e\i  ur- 
sions.  'I'liese  steamers  belom,'  to  the  Thou- 
sand island  Ste.imbo.it  Co:mi.U)\'  line,  .1  i  0111- 
pany  that  is  sparine;  no  pains  nor  expense  to 
lurnish  .1  ri\er  service  on  the  St.  Lawrence 
which  c.innot  be  e\i  i.Ued.  Diirinj^  the  past 
decuK-  some  eleu  int  resorts  li.ive  s|inini; 
liji  on  the  Can.idian  side  ol  the  river;  amon^' 
whii  h  .lie  I-'ernb.iiik.  Mill  Cresi,  ,md  Cnion 
I'.irk,    while    between    these    iie.irly    e'.ery   fa- 


vored spot  is  taken  iiii,  .md  c\ery\e.ir  s(  es 
Hew  and  be.iiiiirul  smniner  homes  spiin^  inio 
view.  Residents  nl  New  \'olk,  ()tl,iw.i  .mil 
Montre.il,  leioj^ni/mi;  the  beauties  ol  these 
locuions.  ha\i.'  .ilread\  erei  lid  line  summer 
residences,  or  .ire  prepared  to  tlo  so  in  the 
near  future. 

between  llrockville  .md  I'nion  I'. irk,  seven 
miles  above,  a  sle.muT  m.ikis  lour  round  trips 
daily,  so  tliat  business  men  i  .111  .itteiid  to  ihiar 
duties  diiriiiL;  the  d.iy,  returniiii;  to  their  cot- 
t.iL;e  homes  in  the  eveniiij,'.  In  addition  loits 
river  .itlrai  tions,  Uroekxille  li.is  some  be  iiili- 
fiil  dri\es,  prominent  amoiii;  which,  for  be. uily 
and  |iictiiiesipieness,  is  the  drive  to  fernbaiik 
I'ark  ,ind  the  villaije  of  Lynn,  five  miles  aw.iv. 
The  best  known  and  p,itroni/ed,  liowe\er,  is 
ill. It  Id  l'res(olt,  a  dist.mce  ol  twehe  miles 
.iIoiil;  the  b.iiik  of  the  river.  llro(k\ille  is 
supplied  with  water  tliroUL;h  the  celebr.ited 
UolU  "  system,  .md  it  li.is  an  e\Ci.'llent  sys- 
tem of  sewer. i_ue,  so  th.it  .is  .1  pi. ice  ol  excel- 
lent s.init.ition  it  is  unexcelled.  'l"he  streets 
.ire  well  liiihted  with  both  l;.is  ami  elei  trii  ity, 
or  r.iiher  .1  <  ombination  of  the  two.  They 
intersei  t  .it  riitht  .iiiLtles,  ,ind  for  the  nio-t  p.irt 
.lie  beaiilifiillv  shaded,  so  ih.il  one  miL;ht  aptly 
name  broi  k\  iUe  the  "  Forest  City,"  and  not 
go  far  .istr.u. 

Li  relii^ioiis  and  ediiciti  nal  matters,  llrock- 
ville stands  deser\edh-  high.  Some  of  llie 
church  edi  flies  are  mannilicent  and  i  ostlv  tri- 
umphs of  architectural  skill.  There  are  three 
I  oiiLireg.itidns  df  the  (,'luin  h  of  Lngl.md,  two 
I'resljyteri.m,  twii  .Methodist,  one  Ifiptist.  and 
one  Kom.iii  ('.itholie,  besiik's  some  smaller 
sei  ts.  'I'heir  p.istors  are  men  of  m. irked 
.ibility.  The  schools  of  iiroikxille  are  of  a 
hiuh  order.  i'he  public  schools  ((insist  oi 
a(enlral  ili;.;h  s(  hool,  known  .as  the  \'i(  loria 
Si  hool,  and  foiirW.ird  Si  lnuils.  'I'he  Separate 
.Si  hddl  is  ,1  Urge  .md  lommodioiis  siinitiire, 
provided  with  all  the  modern  appliances,  'i'he 
('onvent  lie  N'otre  D.ime  is  a  superior  ladies' 
school.  'I'llere  is  ,ilso  .in  exi  client  Kin- 
derg.irten  in  successful  oper.ition,  together 
with  some  llrst-dass  priv.ite  si  Iiools.  'i'lie 
Collegiate  Institute  is  one  of  the  best  higher 
ediication.d  institutions  in  the  I'rovini  e.      Siti- 


<« 


I 


i 


i    I : 


II 


i 


■  I 


I 


liROCKVIl.I.E  IXSAXi:  ASVIAM. 


i 


(k'nts  are  here  i)repare(l  for  matriculation  in 
the  various  coUetjes,  and  for  entering  upon 
any  of  the  professions.  Urockville  lias  also  a 
Business  College  eijual  to  any  in  the  country 
in  its  methods  and  in  the  thoroughness  of  its 
work.  Last,  but  by  no  means  least  among  the 
educational  institutions  of  tin:  town,  is  liie 
Art  School.  This  has  attained  a  proviiu  ial 
reputation  from  the  excellence  of  tlio  work 
exhibited  by  its  pu|)ils  in  ((impetilion  with 
other  Art  schools  in  Ontario.  The  Mec  lianics' 
Institute,  with  its  library  of  many  thousand 
volumes,  its  am|)le  and  well-supplied  reailing- 
room,  filled  witii  .dl  the  current  reading  matter 
of  the  day,  is  surely  an  educator  whose  inllu- 
eiice  upon  the  masses  can  hardly  i)e  over- 
estimated. In  this  respect,  Hrockville  is  but 
another  demonstration  of  the  well-known 
fact  that,  given  a  good,  well-selected  library, 
and  a  reading-room  abundantly  supplied  witli 
the  literature  of  the  day,  a  community  will 
stand  infinitely  higher,  morally  and  intel- 
lectually, than  will  one  de|)rived  of  those 
privileges.  Hrockville  has  two  excellent 
newspapers,  the  Times  and  Recorder,  both  of 
which  are  live  sheets  and  fully  up  to  date,  not 
only  as  regards  the  news  in  general,  but  also 
fully  alive  to  the  interests  of  their  town. 
There  are  many  enterprising  manufa<  luring 
firms,  but  lack  of  space  prevents  the  insertion 
of  a  list. 

For  the  care  of  the  sick  and  afflicted,  Hrock- 
ville has  two  excellent  hospitals,  the  Itrockville 
(ieneral  Hospital  and  the  St.  N'incent  de  I'aul 
I  lospital,  both  being  fully  e(pii])i)ed  and  well 
managed.  The  crowning  institution,  however, 
is  the  newly  erected 

Hroc  Kviii  K  Insank.  Asvi.um. 

This  is  an  elegant  structure,  standing  on  a 
commanding  site  on  what  was  known  as  the 
Pickens  I'oint  property,  at  the  left  of  the  i'res- 
cott  road.  From  it,  the  view  across  and  down 
the  St.  Lawrence  is  magnificent.  The  ])rcmises 
contain  207  acres.  The  main  building  stands 
about  .550  yards  north  of  the  Prescott  road. 
It  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  being  three 
stories  high  in  the  center  and  two  stories  in 
the  v.ings,  having  a  frontage  of  400  feet.    The 


front  of  the  central  part  is  suriuduiiled  by  a 
tower  i2cS  feet  in  height.  The  central  part  of 
the  main  building  |irojects  to  the  rear  200  feet. 
There  are  ample  basements,  storage  rooms, 
coal  vaults,  laundries,  sewing  rooms,  ofli(  es, 
dining  rooms,  kit(  hens,  patients'  rooms,  bath 
rooms, linen  rooms.with  ample .i<  ('oiiiiiiod.iiion^ 
in  the  main  buikling  for  240  patients.  In 
short,  the  building  is  provided  with  e\ery  ap- 
pliance that  s(  ience,  skill  and  experience  (oulil 
suggest  as  being  beneficial  in  an  institution  of 
the  kind.  Six  cottages,  each  forty  by  sixty 
feet,  two  stories  high,  with  all  the  ap[)liances 
to  accommodate  sixty  patients  each,  are  also  a 
])art  of  this  institution.  Although  interesting, 
space  forbitls  an  extended  description  of  this 
fine  public  institution,  so  likely  to  prove  one 
of  the  attractions  of  Hrockville. 

The  Canadian  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
river,  it  will  be  noticed,  is,  in  the  m.iin.  bluff 
and  rocky,  and  in  many  pla<  es  exceedingly 
l)recipitous,  with  here  and  there  occasional 
breaks,  where  the  land  slopes  giiitiv  to  the 
water's  idge.  It  is  in  one  of  these  breaks  that 
lirockville  is  situated,  with  high  bluffs  ab(>\e 
and  below  and  high  ground  to  the  rear.  I'roin 
the  river  the  place  presents  a  very  fine  .ip- 
pearance.  The  bluff  at  the  east  end  of  the 
town  rises  to  a  height  of  fully  fifty  feet,  and  is 
commonly  known  as  "  High  Roi  ks,"  which, 
with  its  overhanging  shelves,  clinging  vines 
and  wild  honeysuckles  draped  over  the  en- 
trances many  small  caves,  presents  a  charm- 
ing bit  of  s<encry  to  the  eye  of  the  river  tour- 
ist, but  whi(  h  is  scarcely  appreciated  by  the 
citizens  themselves.  This  beautiful  spot  is  the 
home  of  a  legend  or  tale  which  may  be  too 
true  in  fact,  to  relegate  to  the  regions  of 
romance  or  legend.  He  that  as  it  ma\-,  it  is 
here  "set  down,"   the  reader  to  be  the  judge. 

TlIK    I.KOKNn      U'    THK    Cl.llF. 

At  a  point  where  the  face  tjf  the  (liff  is 
comparatively  smooth,  may  be  seen  traces  of 
a  painting  which  is  now  nearly  obliterated, 
but  which,  until  within  a  few  years  past,  was 
visited  every  spring  by  a  band  of  Indians, 
who,  with  weired  ceremonies  and  incantations, 
brightened   the  picture   with   fresh  paint  and 


I 


\v 


111 


338 


./  sorr/ \7n'  t^r  rin   > r  i.iuh-iSi/   /ai/h\ 


! 


1 1 


\\\ 


■■  I 


I  :l 


(U'li.irtcci.  Tlu'  piciini'  WIS  .1  iiiiij:h  rcprc. 
si'iitation  III  .1  r.moi',  |irn|KllL'<l  liy  sfvoril 
Imli.ms,  out  III  will!  li  ivvn  wliitr  iiirn  wirf 
t.lllill^;.  'I'lic  lri;iMl(l  111, Ill's  lli.it  in  llir  imiK 
(l.iys  (it  tlu-  Iri'iirh  ()(ru|i.itiiin  (il  ( '.m.id.i  li\ 
('i)UiU  I''roiitrn;ic,  tlu'if  was  a  loiitiiuial 
stnii;i;lr  butwccii  tlic  Nru  !•  imip  i'  .mil  ilir 
Ni'W  i'Jijil.uul,  as  In  «llicli  sliolllii  si'<  lllr  the 
alli.iiico  of  the  liuliaii  trilii's-.  .iml  .illlhuiuli 
nominally  I'Vimc  ami  Ijiiilaiiil  wvrv  ,it  ihmm', 
tlKTf  is  no  (loiilit  that  l'',ni;li»li  nHiici-  sta- 
tioned ill  the  rolonies,  did  all  m  llu  ir  iiourv 
to  forward  this  mmh-to-lie-desired  <  onsiimma- 
tioii.  The  l''reiii  h  had  .^ll(:(  I'l'drd  in  si'cniini; 
the  alliani  e  of  the  .\l;;oiii|uins  ami  lluroiis, 
but  the  ^;reat  <  onfeder.ic)  of  ihe  Iroqimis  held 
aloof  from  any  eiitan^liii};  alliam  r- ,  ihemuif, 
it  is  iiresiiined,  l)e(  .iiise  they  were  deadU  \tn-^ 
to  lioth  Hurons  and  AI,L;oni|iiiiis.  the  fmmer 
of  whirh  Were  scttKil  around  lakes  lluioii 
and  Superior,  while  the  AluoiKpiiiis  weie  the 
tribes  of  the  east.  The  Iluroiis,  id  ira(  h  the 
{,'reat  tur  marki'ts  of  Moiiiieal  and  (Judiei  , 
were  obliged  to  ])ass  through  the  eouiitrv  nf 
the  Iroipiois,  «hi(  h  that  confedeiaey  pKjmplU 
opposed,  and  so  great  was  the  terror  inspiied 
bv  the  I  roipioi^,  thai  Count  I'runli  na<  ,  then 
(iovernor  of  the  New  I'ram  e,  dii  itled  to  jiro- 
tei  t  his  allies,  and  administer  such  a  rebuke 
to  their  foes  thai  thev  would  loiii;  remember 
it.  I'lie  Count's  expedilion,  howewi,  was  not 
an  iimpialified  siieci-ss;  ami  thoui;li  heliroiiuht 
off  many  jirisoners,  he  returned  with  his  army 
li.idlv  (rippled,  a  fai  t  of  which  the  Iroipiois 
were  well  aware. 

At  all  events,  ainoiiL;  the  prisoivrs  c.iii- 
tured  by  the  l-'rem  h  were  .i  ( ample  of  lMi,i;lish 
officers,  who  belonged,  so  history  informs  us, 
to  the  garrison  at  ()swi'go;  for  uji  to  this 
point,  dear  reader,  our  relation  is  but  a  verita- 
ble iiistorieal  fact,  or  fa(  Is,  if  you  so  choose. 
'I'hese  ottii  ars  were  placed  in  1  are  of  a  party  of 
Indians,  who  were  to  take    them  to  .Montreal. 


I'jiibarking  111  a  iam>r,  thev  priHcedi.l  dnwn 
the    St.  I,awren((      ind,  wheii    al   a  p'unt    |u-.| 

■  ibove  I'lliM  kville,  tiiey  Wire  stru(k  b\  .1  tilll- 
ble  storm,  .111(1  being  lie,l\  ll\  lo.ided  llic\  t.is.cd 
the  llriti^h  'iliiieis  o\  erlm.inl,  not  onh  lo 
lighten  the  (  .inoi',  bill  lo  app(  .isc  the  sloim- 
gnd  bv  .1  hum. Ill  s.icrifii  e.  I!nl  the  sliirm-god 
w.is  nut  apiie.i>ed.  The  g.ile  im  rc.i-.cd  in 
intcn■^itv,  .iml  the  storm  king  hnwhd  .md 
shrieked  in  the  e.ii>  nl  the  now  di^m.l\^(l  In- 
dians, whn  begin  to  leg, ltd  their  a(tion^  in 
throwing  the  two  nun  oviiboaid  ;k  ( owarilb . 
'I'hcv  fell  that  the  (iici'  Spirit  wniild  punish 
them  lor  the  .u  t.  .iml  mi  the  w.iil  ol  their  dcalh 
songs,  mingled  with  the  shriiks  of  the  tem- 
pest, .ind  when  opposile  the  lli^h  Km  ks  llie 
(.inoeweiii  down  wiih  all  its  hum. in  Ireight. 
.imong  whom  wis  .i  di^linguishcd  cliiel.  'I  he 
iudgment  w  .e.  weli  de^ei  <.  cd.  (  •!  1  oiii^e,  llin  .e 
s.u.igesdid  not  intend  to  rele.lM'  lluir  |iris- 
oneis.  bill  iusi  to  torlure  iheiii  .il  the  si. ike. 
Il.id  tlie\  nol  been  su  1  1 1\\  .iidh  .is  lo  throw 
ihein  o'  erbii.ird  In  diown.  lwn\  nnii  h  ple.isuie 
lhe\  ini-lil  ll.ive  .ifforded  the  whole  tube,  .ind 
what  horillile  tullllles,  so  de.ir  lo  the  :-.i\.i-e 
he.irt,  they  ini-hl  ha\e  subiei  led  iluan  lo. 
bill  tlie\'  drowned  tin  ir  I'lisciners  insie.ul,  ,in  I 
w  ere  iheniseb  cs  dinw  ned.  Served  tin  111  right, 
lor  more  lli.in  a  hundred  years  ,1  b.ind  of 
Indi.ins  h.is  repainted  tlie  |iii  lure  cai  h  spriiiL;, 
at  the  s.inie  lime  pi  irornung  incantations  to 
the  (oe.it  Spiiil,  VI  hose  anger,  bee, luse  thev 
drowned  the  olln  lus    iiiste.id  nf  burninL;  ihem 

■  It  the  si. ike.  niiisi  be  ap|ie.i->ed.  As  il  has 
now  been  >evii.il  \e.ir>  since  the  picture  has 
been  renewed,  let  Us  hope  ih.it  the  Indi.m 
deil  V   is  s.itislicd. 

l''or  mm  11  inlorm.iiion  1  oncerning  llroi  k- 
ville,  the  w  liter  Is  iiideliled  to  Mr.  R.  I  vin- 
I  vw,  of  ihe  I?roikville  'rimes,  and  lo  Mi. 
Ciiii.  I'.  CikAii  vvi,  of  the  Recorder,  genial  gen- 
tlemen both,  and  fully  alive  tu  the  interests  of 
lluir  tow  n. 


''  I    '1 


A^   ACk 


i 


I  HI      Mil  1.1  K    l;l;n|  III  l;-.,     MNH'-IciN,    o\t. 


': 


iM- 


Mi; 

El  ill 


rut:  /'I >/.(;/:/■;  /iR<>////.RS. 


33' 


THE   FOLCER   BROTHERS. 


Tins  widely  known  firm,  nf  Kingston,  ()n- 
t  irio,  wliosc  iiortraits  i)ri'<i'dt' this  skotcli,  con- 
sists of  r..  W.  I'oiM.i.k,  born  in  i8,?S;  Hknkv 
loi.iiKU,  in  1S42,  and  F.  A.  [•'oi.t.KU,  in  1851, 
all  at  Cape  \in<ent,  Jilferson  ( ounly,  N.  \'. 
i'liey  wore  sons  of  1''ki.1)i;ku  k  A.  Foi.c.Kk 
and  L/MkA  FtiidK.K,  tin-  father  lieirn,'  a  de- 
scendant of  Captain  Maitiikw  I'mci-K,  of 
NantU(  ket,  Mass.  Their  mother  was  a  Mi-^s 
ISrick,  a  sister  of  tlie  junior  partner  in  tlie 
tlan.adian  firm  of  Calvin  i\:  I5reck.  Fre(leri(  k 
A.  Folger  emigrated  to  Cape  Vincent  just 
after  the  War  of  iSi.;-i5,  and  cast  his  lot 
at  that  sniall  country  village  on  the  St.  I,au- 
rence  River,  near  its  source.  He  was  a  man 
of  fine  intellectual  girth  and  grain,  and  a 
poetic  vein  ran  through  his  composition.  He 
was  a  ready  writer,  an  exi  client  critit  of  liter- 
arv  work,  and  full  of  appret  iative  knowledge 
of  the  value  of  good  liooks.  He  jiossessed 
business  talents  of  a  high  order,  and  had  he 
settled  in  a  large  town,  lu-  would  have  grasped 
every  sound  opiiortunity  to  lay  the  solid  foun- 
dation of  a  large  fortune.  His  hunenled 
death,  at  the  early  age  of  4.5.  was  a  sad  closing 
of  a  most  promising  career;  and  the  t'ollow- 
ing  tribute  from  a  contemporary  ULWsjiaper 
will  show  in  what  high  esteem  !.e  was  held  by 
those  who  knew  his  worth  and  mourned  his 
loss:  "Died,  on  the  2Sth  of  September,  at 
Cape  Vincent,  in  the  4.?d  year  of  his  age, 
F.  A.  Folger,  Ks(p,  t!.e  idol  of  his  family,  the 
ornament  of  the  social  (  ir(  le,  the  useful  citi- 
zen, the  benefactor  of  the  poor,  the  friend  of 
man.  Cut  off  in  the  midst  of  his  years  and 
his  labors  for  the  public  good,  his  death  will 
be  universally  and  deeply  deplored."  This 
tribute  i)rovcs  how  strong  a  place  he  had  won 
in  the  hearts  of  the  people  where  he  lived  and 
died.  .As  he  was  the  father  of  a  family  that 
is  no  doubt  destined  to  fill  a  large  place  in 
the  history  of  commercial  and  general  affairs 
in  the  section  where  they  were  born,  it  will 
be  in  order  to  .  r  to  the  early  history  of  its 
pioneers.     'I'he    following    is   copied    from   a 


Nantucket   newspaper,  and  shows  the  origin 
and    fame  of   the  Folgers,  in  connection  with 
that    historic    town:    "Nantucket    has    been 
wonderfullv  jirolific  of  great  men  and  women. 
Among  the  first    f.imilies   on   the   island  were 
the  Mai  vs.     The    Folgers    are   another  note- 
worthy   race.        The    only    <  hild    of    '  I'eter 
Folger,'  born  after  his  removal  from  .Martha's 
Vineyard   to    XantU(  ket,  was   Abiah,  who,   in 
her   young   maidenhood,  removed   to   Boston 
and  m.irried  Jonah  Franklin,  the  tallow  (hand- 
ler.     The  fifteenth  1  hild  by  this  marriage  was 
llenjamin    Franklin,    the    philosopher.      The 
mother  in  talent   and  worth    is   said   to   liave 
been  every  way  worthy  of  her  illustrious  son. 
Another  member  of  this  family  was  Charles  J. 
Folger,  the  present  Secretary  of  the  T'e.isury, 
«  ho  was  born  in  N.intucket,  in  a  house  which 
stood  on  the   site  of   the    [jresent   Shcrbourne 
House,  on  Orange  street."     I'aiUain  Matthew 
Folger,    the    grandfather    of    the    subjects    of 
this  biographic  al   notice,  was   an    adventurous 
spirit  of  hisst'rring  'iuies,  and  figured  conspic- 
uously in  marine  matters.     The    I'olger  Hros. 
inherit  the  lo\  e  of  marine  affairs,  for  the  name 
of  Folger  has  long  been  iirominent  in  this  line. 
It  w.is  a  Folger  who  gave  the   best   theory  of 
the  (lulf  Stream;   it  was  a  C,ii)tain  Folger  who 
rescued  the  mutineers  of  the  "  Hounty  "  from 
l'it(  airn  [slantl.     Miss  lireck,  who  became  the 
haiipy  and  worthy  wife  of  Frederick  \.  Folger, 
was  largely  endowed  with    gentle   and  loving 
ipialities  of  head  and  heart,  and  her  infiuence 
in  moulding   the    character    of  her  boys  was 
jiure  and  commanding.      She  still  lives,  in  the 
full  possession  of  all  Iter   faculties,  to  enjoy 
the  well  won  success   of   her   fatherless  sons. 
These    brothers  were  led  to  locate  in   the 
Canadian  <  ity  of  Kingston   in   1862,  and  were 
no   doubt    influenced  to  do  so   through   their 
relationship  to   Mr.    Hreck,  through   the  mar- 
riage of  his  sister  to  their  father.     He  was  the 
lunior  partner  in  the  famous  firm  of  Calvin  tV 
Kreck,  who  were  for  years  lords  of  the  river 
on  the  Cmudian  side,  in  steamboat  and  raft- 


\<  ! 


f! 

• 

W 

Mi! 


J  ;i    , 


.1.1- 


./  .s>'//7-.\/A'  (V    /■///:  s/:  A./nviV-.-.WA  av/va*. 


iiil;  i>|Hr,uiiins.  Tlicir  In'a(li|ii;irtfrs  wtrc  at 
(i.irdcn  I->l,iiicl,  .111(1  liDin  till-,  [loiiii  in.iin  mil- 
lions of  (loll, lis  uoriliiit'  limhiT  Wire  |iiit  m 
sliapi-  ti)  in-  r.ifliMl  iIdwii  the  i,i|ii(ls  nl  tlie  St. 
1  ..i\vi\'ii(  (•  lor  ii'sliipmi-nt  to  l'',uro|u-.  It  iii.ix 
not  l)f  griu'ially  known  tiial  soiiu-  of  the  oak 
wlii(  li  i-nlcrcd  into  tlu'  construe  tion  of  Nel- 
son's ilai;slii|),  the  immortal  "X'iitoiy,"  ami 
on  whose'  dec  k  the  ^reat  ICiighsh  nasal  hero 
re(  eived  his  tleath  wound  at  TrafalLiar.  was 
eut  Iron)  the  sonthi-rn  liank  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence between  Cape  Vincent  and  Clayton,  and 
put  into  rafts  at  the  foot  of  I.oiil;  Isl.md  for 
ito.iting  to  (Quebec.  Sui  h  is  the  iiilerislin^ 
historic  f.u  t,  and  the  old  piers  i  .m  slill  lie  seen 
at  this  ])oint  which  were  used  in  the  raftin^L 
(jper.itions  of  that  time. 

I'ront  iS()j  III  the  [iresent  d.i\  the  firm  of 
Koljier  liros.  has  been  the  best  known  and 
most  a<  ti\  e  of  any  liusiness  house  in  KinLjston. 
i'heir  hislorv  I'.as  lieeii  one  continuous  ^mu  ih 
in  many  lines  cif  business.  With  their  banking; 
business,  I'lrsi  estalilished,  they  li.ive  l.irge  m- 
terests  now  in  the  l'.le(  trie  Street  R.iib\av 
Coinpanv  of  Kingston,  the  (las  and  I'.leitiii 
l.ij^iit  Company,  the  Kingston  Real  l!si.ite 
Company,  the  Kingston  and  Pembroke  Rail- 
w.iv  Con)pan\,  North  .\meri(,ni  i'elegi.iph 
('omp.iny  .mil  the  Si.  I.,iwrenie  River  and 
'I'hous.md  Island  .Steanibo.it  (omp.niies. 
Tliese  l.irge  ,uid  import, lut  businesses  .ire  .dl 
in  first  rate  condition,  ami  are  proof  of  the 
business  energy  and  tact  of  the  llrolhers 
Kolger.  They  are  known  over  ,i  wide  sei  lion 
of  Canaila  and  the  Stales  for  their  upright  .md 
downriglit  business  w.ivs,  their  grtat  enter- 
prise .md  far-seeini;  <;al<  ul.itions  as  to  com- 
mercial affairs.  These  brothers  have  always 
held  eipial  interests  in  their  business  concerns, 
and  present  a  remarkable  instance  of  family 
concord  of  the  most  intimate  and  cofdi.i!  <  har- 
acter.  extending  from  childhood  up  to  the 
present  time.  'I'here  are  not  now,  nor  have 
there  ever  lieen,  the  slightest  differences  in 
their  family  cir  business  associations;  and  the 
result  is  shown  in  great  industrial  enterprises 
carried  on  by  them  in  all  the  harmony  and 
smoothness  of  .i  single  master-mind.  If  thev 
were  to  express  an  opinion   as  lo  the   reason 


loi  their  siic-cess  in  life,  lhe\  'A  oiild  cpiitc  likely 
atlribule  it  lo  the  strong  laiiiily  lies  'vliii  h 
ha\i'  mule  lliem  all  wmk  together  >\ith  the 
_ieatcst  /cmI  anil  li.irmoiiv.  ( )wing  no  doubt 
lo  the  trait  of  ch.ir.ic  tc'r  cK\eloped  so  fully  in 
their  lalernal  gr.iudfalluT,  they  take  a  lively 
interest  in  the  .St.  Lawrence  Ri\er  and  Thou- 
sand Isl.md  Ste.imlioat  Companies.  They  fust 
deMloiKil  ,ind  c  (insolid.iied  .iiul  systematized 
the  l.irge  tourist  and  gener.il  traflic  on  the 
upper  re.ic  lies  of  llu'  noble  ri\er.  Tln-y  li.ue 
c  irned  over  5.000,000  of  people  on  their 
ste,iiiiei>,  and  neVcT  wet  ,1  foot  or  injiirid  a 
p,ls>engel.  Thi^  reliiai  k.llile  record  is  .IS 
iiiii(|iie  as  ii  i,  I  rcclit.ible  lo  llie  safe  and  wise 
manlier  in  which  this  v.isi  human  c  nninierc  i- 
li, IS  been  c  ,11  I  led  oil  lor  so  lU.LlU  Ve.irs.  No 
cApeiisc'  or  p.iins  .ire  spared  to  s.ilelv  .ind 
siiii.iblv  1  '|uip  .md  ni.m  thc-ir  passenger  sleani- 
ers,  ,ind  their  n.inic-s  ,irc-  .m  .issurance  ot 
llioughtliil  ,iiid  ccimpc-teiit  iii.m.igcaiic'ul  Imni 
dec  k  hand  lo  c  .ijilaiti.  (  >f  the  three  brothers- 
each  with  special  c  h.iractcaislic  s  i;,  a  bu-iness 
\\.i\ — lleiir\  Icilger  is  perhaps  ihe  l»'^t  kiiown 
oillside  of  the  immediate  business-  in.lil.igeluelU 
111  .Old  .ilioiil  kmg^lon.  lie  genei.ilh  repre- 
sents the  linn  ill  all  oiiiside  111. liters,  lie-  is  ,i 
geiillcnian  of  fine  ac  1  .mipli -hiiienl--,  aiiil  a 
gre.it  lover  ol  books.  Hisciicleol  Irieiiclsin- 
c  liicles  m.my  of  the  le.lcling  public  niell  of  the 
liomiiiioii  ;  lid  Cif  the  Lniiecl  St, lies,  and  he-  is 
highlv  respected  bv  all.  1 1  is  -eni'roiis  inlirests 
in  ilic-  poor  .md  iiec-ch  ,ire  siuh  as  to  ende.ir 
Iiiiii  to  those  who  aic-  lamili.ir  with  his  imos. 
tent  It  iolls  c  h.irities.        lie   ill--likes    notorielv    of 

.inv  sort,  .md  his  modest  hi  nel.ic  tioiis  .ire 
in  c  iiiiseipieiic  e  iu-\er  heralded  .ilioiil. 

The  following  iiilerc-siing  sketc  h  from  tlie 
( )ttaw.i  "  Cili/cti,"  a  le.lcling  ( '.in.idian  iouni.il, 
published  .it  the  capital  of  the  Itomiiiiou,  in 
speaking  of  the  rumor  lh.it  lie  w.is  to  be  .ip- 
pointed  to  an  im|iort.int  position,  s.iid  : 

"  riw  KinusiDii  .News  aniiomut's  that  Mi.  ilci.rv 
I'nlucr,  cif  lli.it  aiuic'iil  c  il\,  is  to  lic!  :i;iiiiiiiit  'il  ^;c'iic-- 
i.il  niaiianc'i  >>(  llic  Keliclic  11  \  <»iilaiii)  .N.ivi;;.iiiiiii 
< 'iiiiipaiiv.  Mi.  I'ol^jcr  is  a  iiniiilicr  of  llu-  tiiiii  of 
f'liluc'i  Unillicrs,  wlm  luiitinl  llie  ;;.is,  clciliie  li;;til 
:micI  sIT'cI  r.iilway  c(iiii|iaMies  in  KiiiKslcui.  who  ciwti 
llic  ishiiicl  fcnii's  lIuTe,  aic  |iiiiici|)al  sloe  kholilcrs  m 
Ihi'  St.    Lawrence'    Kivur  N.ivigalion   (Jeiiiip.iiiy,   aie 


4 


. 


"'IT 


I 


':  :i 


I 


Mm 
.  ill 

Mi; 


Till-:  ORH'.IX  OF  rRIXTIXC  ON   THE  SHORKS  OF  TIIF  ST.  LA  WRFXCF.       335 


•* 


largely  cnj;.i);cd  in  mining  in  the  coiinly  of  Fronic- 
nac,  and  manage  the  Kingston  \'  Pembroke  Railway 
as  representatives  of  the  Kliiwer  interest.  He  is  a 
particularly  shrewd  and  capable  business  inan,  far- 
sighted  and  sagacious,  fertile  in  resources,  with  tact 
to  win  men  and  talent  to  govern  men;  possessed, 
moreover,  with  the  genuine  Yankee  spirit  of  restless 
inlerprise.  Should  he  assume  the  management  of 
the  Richelieu  Ctompany,  th'!  great  opportunities 
wliich  that  organisation  possesses  of  attracting  travel 
to  the  splendid  and  une(|ualled  water  route  down  the 
great  lakes  from  Toronto  to  (Juebei'  will  be  devel- 
oped to  the  utmost,  and  a  new  era  will  open  up  for 
the  travelling  multitudes  as  well  as  for  the  stock- 
holders. Mr.  Folger  is  known  in  private  as  a  wit 
and  epigrammatist,  and  in  i)ublic  as  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  after-dinner  si>eakeis  in  I'anada.  lie  pos- 
sesses a  taste  for  literature  and  an  acipiaintance  with 
the  best  authors,  as  well  as  discriminating  insight 
into  their  work,  which  are  seldom  met  with  in  such  a 
sharp  and  energetic  man  of  allairs." 

Tliis  liit^h  loinmendation  was  merited,  and 
is  re[)ro{luced  in  tiiis  connection  :is  independ- 
ent testimony  of  a  valiial)le  kind,  as  sliowini; 
tiie  esteem  in  which  lie  is  hekl  b\  tiie  first 
authorities  in  tlie  cuitnty  where  he  now  resides. 

Several  years  ago,  \\.\S.  Kolger,  tiie  senior 
lueinber  of  the  firm,  distinguished  himself  hy 


tlie  vigorous  manner  in  which  he  resented  a 
discourtesy  to  the  American  flag  in  Canada. 
It  is  the  special  aim  of  this  member  of  tlie 
firm  to  watch  every  minute  detail  of  the  \ari- 
ous  businesses  in  wiiich  tliey  are  interested. 
Cool  in  judgment,  keen  in  iiis  knowledge  of 
men  and  affairs,  and  of  wide  resources  in  a 
business  way,  the  senior  member  is  a  rare 
hel[)er  in  all  tiiat  pertains  to  their  pubhc  enter- 
prises. l''red  I'olger,  the  youngest  of  the  firm, 
combines  the  good  qualities  of  his  brothers,  is 
very  poi)ular,  and  has  ability  of  a  high  order. 
If  he  is  less-widely  known  than  his  brothers,  it 
is  Only  because  he  is  younger,  for  in  all  higii 
business  ec|uipinent  he  is  their  peer.  He  will 
not  fail  to  bear  aloft  tiie  linn's  banner  of 
untiring  /eal  and  un(|uestioned  integrity,  so 
long  as  he  is  spared  to  do  so.  This  strong 
trio  of  brotiiers  liave  made  for  themselves,  l)e- 
fore  the  cliiiuictericof  life  has  been  reached,  a 
good  and  famous  name  and  history  worthy  of 
emulatif)n,  and  an  honor  to  the  environments 
in  whi<-h  their  business  lot  and  livt'S  ha\e  been 
(  ast.  'I'iieir  e.xaniple  is  worthy  of  tiie  highest 
praise.  A.  n.  s. 


THE    ORIGIN   OF   PRINTING    ON   THE   SHORES  OF  THE  ST.  LAWRENCE. 


l:v   J.    I,.    Ill  i;Kur   NKllsiiN,    M.   11.,  k. 

IN  the  year  1749  a  learned  Swede,  I'eter 
Kalni,  professor  in  a  Swedish  l-niversity, 
a  disci|)le  of  tiie  great  I.innaeus,  visited  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  He  informs  us, 
in  the  interesting  volumes  of  travel  which  lie 
subsequently  published,  that  tiiere  was  then 
no  printing  press  in  Canada.  He  was  told, 
though,  that  at  one  time  there  had  l)een  one. 
This  bit  of  information  appears,  however,  to 
have  been  not  in  accord  with  fa(  t.  Ralm 
adds:  "AH  books  are  brought  from  I'rance, 
anil  all  the  orders  ma-'  •  in  the  country  are 
written,  which  extends  n  to  the  paper  cur- 
renc  y.  'I'liey  iiretend  th.a  the  press  is  not  yet 
introduced  here,  lest  it  should  lie  the  means 
of  pri)|iagating  libels  against  the  government 
and  religion.      I'lit  the  true  reason  seems  to 


I  .    A.,   HI  11  M'N     srui.l  IIS    (.KM'KAl  . 

be  in  tiie  poorness  of  tlie  count r\',  as  no 
printer  < ould  put  olf  a  sufficient  niiinber  of 
books  for  his  subsistence;  and  another  reason 
may  be  that  France  may  have  the  profit  aris- 
ing from  the  exportation  of  liooks  hither." 

Wliutcver  the  cause  may  liave  been,  and  all 
seems  to  indicate  tliat  reasons  of  state  policy 
were  the  true  cause,  a  public  press  was  an 
absolutely  unknown  quantity  in  Canada  from 
the  foundation  of  Quebec,  in  1609,  until  after 
the  conquest  by  the  liritish  arms  and  final 
cession  in  17^13.  It  had  licen  very  different 
over  the  border  in  the  New  England  provin- 
ces. \\  itiiin  twenty  years  of  the  landing  of 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers  a  press  had  been  estab- 
lished at  Cambridge  in  1638,  by  Steven  Daye. 
.\t  first,  and  for  many  years,  small  works  of  a 


./  .'.('/  \  /  Mk  I'/    /■///•   > /-.  /  /;CA7.\(7    h-/r/ h\ 


i  'i^i^ 


itio 


( ioilh  1  liai.M  Il'i  wrio  il^  oiilv  ontimi.  (ii.iiln- 
ally  inittiT^  ol  .1  mnir  wdililly  n.itnii'  writ,- 
siTvod  li\  II.  liiii  11  w.w  not  uiilil  1701  ih.il 
such  .1  M'(  111  11  olijn  I  .1-.  a  iu'\\  s|i;i|ior  in.iilr  11^ 
apln'.iMiu  c.  anil  mrt  willi  suliii  ii-lit  |iiililii 
Mi|i|i()il  ami  apprfi  lalion.  It  is  bilicvi'd  thai 
as  (•  iiK  a>  15  J5  a  iniiitinjj,  pruss  was  opcr.itfd 

ill   lllr  cilN    lit'  Ml  \ii  o. 

Well,  in  tlif  \iar  1765  —  it  hcini;  made 
knuwii  to  till'  wdild  that  Canada  \va^  to  lie 
irri.'\  III  ililv  attarlu'd  to  ilir  lititi-'h  ( 'rnwn 
it  ociuni'il  U)  OIK'  Willi. nil  Jtrnun,  a  ynmv^ 
printer  in  I'hiladelphia,  tlial  Canada  inii;lil 
lie  a  new  Ik-Id  uorlh  tr\inj;.  ( 'anada  wa^ 
still  under  inililary  rule.  After  a  short  1  m- 
rcspr)nden('e  with  tlii'  then  ('io\ernor  (ieneril, 
James  Murrav,  Inr  llie  douMe  purpo-e  ot 
makini;  ^nx'  that  his  srheine  wnuld  noi  oiil\ 
he  perniilled  but  favored  li\  the  .illlhorilii  >, 
Ik"  ilid  noi  hesitate  to  put  his  small  savings 
into  I  he  \  e  11 1 11  re, 

Willi  111)  llrowii,  like  so  many  other  leaders 
a'lionn  men,  pioneers  and  lienef  k  tors  of  their 
\\\(^:,  was  a  native  of  Sc  o'land.  lie  was  lioi  n 
i.i  Kirki  uill)ri:;hlshire.  prosiine  ol  (lallow.u, 
in  I7S7-  lli--  father.  J  ilin  Itrown,  ua--  laird 
of  Nunion,  111  the  parish  of  Tu  \nliohii.  and  ^t 
l.aiv^lands,  111  l'.ori;ue.  William,  lieiu:;  a 
vounger  son,  \\a>  miiI  to  paU'rnal  relatives  in 
X'irginia,  to  111  ike  his  fort  11  nc  as  liesi  he  (  on  Id. 
Ill  1.S51  -.'  -5  we  lind  him  ~tud\ini,'  the  c  la^sii  > 
and  inalhemalio  at  William  and  Mar\('ol- 
lei;e,  in  William>liiirL;li.  The  \ear  followiiii; 
he  had  entered  a  counliiiL;  hou>e  .i^  1  lerk,  lail 
soon  there  came  the  se\  en-years'  war;  the  iK'- 
feat  of  ISraddoi  k  at  Mommgahela  was  fol- 
lowed l)v  (ommeiiial  di->lo(.alion  and  a  liiian- 
I'ial  crash  wliii  h  lirou^hl  an  end  to  llrown\ 
incipient  career  a>  a  hank  clerk. 

Cneinplo\ed,  stranded,  and  with  hut  slen- 
der means  in  hand,  \iMing  Hrown  hetliouglit 
liim^eir  of  a  trade,  uliich  possessed  greater 
elements  of  stahility  than  hanking  in  those 
tempeNtiioiis  lime-..  The  printing  hiiiiness, 
moreover,  seemed  to  him  congeni.il.  He  a( - 
<:ordingly  directed  his  ste[)S  towards  IMiihulel- 
phia,  with  a  view  of  there  acipiiring  the  art  of 
jirinting.  lie  lir>t  served  as  ap|irentice  in  the 
cclelirated  eslahlishmeni  ol  William  lliadloid. 


wlliili  then  existed  il  the  comer  of  Hl.ii  k 
lloi^e  .illev.  Il  i>  tradition, il,  Iiouimi,  that 
he  liiiishcd  hi-,  liiiie  vvilh  I'lanklin  iV  llall, 
then    piihlisher^  ol    the   reiin-,\  h  am  1  (i.i/etlc. 

In  i75Slu'liad  li.m^leired  hi-,  si  r\  i(  e-,  to 
Willi. un  I  iiinkip,  a  print-  1  u  ho  »  ,is  ,iKo  1  ir;;eK 
interested  in  hookselliiig.  I'liiiLip  Ii.hI  m.ir- 
rieil  ,1  rel.itive  of  Hi-ni.iiiiin  l  r.mklin's  u  ile, 
,ind  through  this  f.imiU  connei  lion  Ii.kI  re- 
<enllv  heen  ap|ioiiite(l  postm.l■^ler  ol  I'hil.idel- 
phi.i.  In  I  7(10  he  u  .11  lor , I  -liorl  tune  paiiiur 
to  J.ime>.  kivingtou  in  the  hook--,elllhg  hiis:- 
ne^s  in  New  N  ork.  'I'heir  hook  store  w.i^  at 
the  lou  er  end  of  W'.ill  -,1  icel .  II row  11  soon  wilh- 
dleU,  rclllllUcl  to  I'iul  idelphi  I,  .111(1  liigetlul 
with  .1  liephiw,  lolin  lliinl.lp,  iiei.iliie  hii^i- 
111-11  ni.in.igers  ol  the  ekler  |)unl.i|i's  i  on- 
1  em.  In  tli.il  i.ipaiilv  w-e  I'liid  him  iieM 
reiiding  for  two  \e.irs  in  riiidgetoun.  I;,ir- 
hadoei,  w-inding  up  .i  hookielling  ,ind  punt- 
ing eiilerpriie  wliiili  |)i|iil.ip  had  theri-.  Il 
w,!-,  oil  hii  return  Iroin  h.irh.idoes,  in  17(15. 
th.ii  he  fomii-d  the  prujeii  ol  Irving  his  I'or- 
lunc  in  ( '.in.id.i,  I  le  ■>elei  ti-il  .!■>  p.il  tiler  oiii- 
I'hoiii.ii  (iilinore,  .1  native  of  the  north  ol 
I  rel.iiiil.  1  rt-l.itive  of  I  )iml.ip'i,  w  ho  geiu-roiish 
liiil-iered  up  the  venture  of  his  two  voiing 
liu-ndi  to  the  i-\tenl  of^'.j^^o. 

<  >li  till-  <itll  .if  August  he  left  I'hil. idelphi. I 
lor  lloitoii.  lie  iiilorms  ii-,,  in  hii  "  di.irv,  " 
ill  It  lie  met  with  di->.ipp()inliiK-nt  in  not  lind- 
ing  lli(-re  .1  veisel  hound  for  t^iiehei  .  Ile 
li.id  no  1  lioice  left  hut  to  |iiiriliaie  a  liorie 
.iiid  111. ike  his  wiv  as  he-sl  he  (  oiild  ti.w.irds 
(Jiiehec,  vi,i  Alh.iin,  Lake  ( 'h.imiil.iin,  Moii- 
tre.il  .111(1  (low  11  tin-  St.  I,.iw  reie  (■  to  <,>iiehei  . 
Iliown'i  di.iiy  il  ri-plete  with  dt-lails  of  ihii 
iournev,  now  of  gre.il  interest,  hut  sp.u  e  pro- 
liihils  (piotatioiis.  While  lirowii  was  pro(  ei-d- 
iiig  overland,  (iilniore  w. is  sent  to  Loiuhui  to 
pur(  h.ise  the  pri->i,  tyjie  and  p.iper  for  the 
new  (^lichee  printing  ot'tice,  the  whole  to  he 
hronght  out  hy  'he  lirsl  vessel  the  following 
spring. 

Mrowii,  ,ilier  adventures  whii  h  would  he 
well  worth  repeating,  fiiLilly  re.u  Ik-i1  (^)ui  hi-c 
on  tin-  jolh  of  Si-|il(-inlK'r,  i7''i,;.  'I'lu-  ensu- 
ing .iiitumn  and  wint(-r  moiilhs  he  devoted  lo 
perlei  ting  himself  ill  the  knovvh-dgi-  of  |''reii(  h. 


«F 


mp 


«. 


////.  oA'/i,/y  (>/■  /'Avx/vxi;  (\v  r//r  >7AVvV;>  o/-  ////•;  s/:  i.  iwRiwcr.     v>9 


r,inv,i->'-inL;  im-  siilis<'rilii'is.  ili-,tiiliulinj^  liis 
|ir(»s|)u(  tiis,  and  in.ikinfi  tliinj^s  ri'udy  for  tlic 
in-.l,ill.ilir)n  of  iln-  pn-'ss.  Wn  Iku'  si-ciiri'd  a 
small  liuii-,r  "m  I'.iilmii  siicrt,  in  tlir  Ujiiicr 
Town,  ,1  liillf  .ilin\i>  tile  l!ish()[i's  I'.il.uc." 
(iilnioir  ,iriivi-(l  i.uly  in  June,  with  :i  hiand- 
ncvv  lijiid  press  and  cxcclK'nl  type,  uhiih  he 
h.Hl  secuieil  finn)  Kenri(  k  I'ei  k,  (jf  Lfindon. 
lie  was  ,dsi)  pinvided  with  a  su(ti(  ienl  sup;  'v 
of  paper,  ink  .md  oilier  necessaries.  CJn  the 
J I  si  of  June,  i7''4.  the  t'nsl  niiinlier  of  the 
l,>uel)ee  (  la/ette  was  olfered  tcj  the  puli'ir. 

It  will  thus  he  seen  that  to  these  <;iti/ens  of 
old  i'liiladelphia  i-;  due  the  honor  anil  jilorv 
of  h.iving  planleii  the  firs;  press  in  iN  si,tei 
(  olony  on  the  shores  of  the  St.  I.awreme.  in 
ihe  now  vasi  and  prosperoii-,  I  loniinii Jii  of 
(' Hilda.  ,\  word  of  the  worthy  Willi, nil  Dun- 
lap,  rraiiklin's  relali\e,  who  was  in  a  wav  ihe 
sponsor  ,ind  finaiK  iai  hacker  of  IWoun  .nid 
(iihiiore's  \'enliire,  mav  iiol  lie  out  (jf  ]i|a(  e. 
I'ly  tr.ide  lie  had  hecai  a  ioli  ] nin I er,  Ixiok seller 
and  p.ipei  111  luiifai  turer,  and,  in  i;;'^,  sU( - 
I  esMir  to  Willi  nil  li.mklin  a--  postni.ister  of 
I'hil.uK'Iphi.i.  |)iinlap  had  aUo  a  i>riniiiii; 
and  bookselling'  e^Iahlislunenl  in  I'larhadoes. 
lie  was  also  interested  in  the  jiarliadoes  Mer- 
<  iiry.  1 1  is  ai^ent  there  wa>  (leor.i;e  I'Ninoiid, 
who  so  nej;lei  ted  his  p.itioii's  inieresi  ih.ii,  in 
17*15,  hunlap  had  to  f;o  there  liinisell',  and 
there  he  spent  two  ye.irs  m  vain  attempts  to 
olit.iin  a  -.ettleiiieni  of  hi^  alfaiis.  Wliih-  in 
r>lidj;etown,  altlioiij;li  .id\Mni  ed  in  \ear•^,  he 
decided  to  devote  liim^elf  to  the  ministry  ol 
the  Chiireh  ol'  l'',ni;land,  eommein cd  his  then- 
logical  studies,  .\nd,  in  ij'i;,  went  to  London 
to  he  ord, lined.  He  then  returned  to  i'iiila- 
di'lpiii.i,  his  wife  liavin-,  nuanuhile,  lieioiiie 
insane.  John  I  >unlap,  his  nephew ,  took  c  harne 
of  the  interesis  whii  h  he  still  retained  in  the 
l'liiia(lei|)lii,i  ]nintiiiL;  and  liookselliiiL;  est.ih- 
lishineiu.  This  firm  contimied  to  furnish  sii|>- 
jilies  of  printiiij;  paper,  slatioiierw  eti  .,  to 
jirown  an<l  Ciilmore  in  (Vi-li  'c  until  the  oiii- 
lireak  of  the  Ri'volutionar\'  war.  These  ,i;oo(ls 
were  usnall\  fiH-warded  to  tliem  liv  sailing 
vessels  \  ia  tlu'  (lulf  of  the  St.  I.awreme. 
I'liil  they  looked  for  more  th.m  inert  siipplie-^ 
from   riiil.idelphia.       I  ipiote  from  ,1  loii^  h.ilf- 


liusiiu's-.,  li,ilfalTe(  lion, lie  letter  uiiiteii  li\ 
lirown  to  the  Re\ .  Wilh.im  Duiil.ip,  on  .\|.m1 
.•<>   .76,S: 

"*  *  '  li.iv  inn  ln'in  limn  I'liih.ii  lasM'd  ivitli  C.iri.i 
ili.Tii  Hms.isiiH  Ilia!  stM\,iiits  alicim  ihr  I'nnmii;  ( )lli(:e. 
will)  will  111)1  cny.iuc  for  ,iiiy  cniisider.iMc  tiiiii'  ,iii>l 
as  somi  as  tin  y  lunl  llieiiiselvis  useful  .iiij>lliiiii  lln  11 
wanes  ami  lierDiiie  mlnlei.ililv  iiisnlciil.  ivr  .ur.il  l.i^i 

I  HMie  10  a  KesiilllliDn  n(  |I\  iMi,'  111  i;r|  ,1  Nix'rn  liu>, 
wlieiefori  we  lit'K  yon  will  I'lule.n  cmii  Id  imih  ll.isi- 
uMe  liir  lis,  liclweeii  15  ami  io years  iiriij;e  in  in  pul  In 
I'm  ^s,  will)  li.is  liail  llii-  Sm.ill  f'ii\,  Is  rounliy  lioiii 
.mil  ciii  lie  rii  oiiimemleil  fill  his  lloneMv;  wewniild 
Mill  liiHiiulne  .1  [irelly  yuod  I'liic  for  siiili  .i  likeU 
.\ci.'Mi  (ir  if  VDii  slioidd  lie  i  111- 1  ill  rd  in  |mii  h  nh  \niii 
Itnv  I'll, nulls  we  unuld  lie  uki'l  I"  liavi  hiiii  and 
wniilil    lie   nl.id    111   t'ive    wli.il    would    lit:     iudyed    a 

II  isnualile  |iiiie  for  liiiii.  We  piay  you  mav  lr\  and 
I'lni  uu'  us  nni;  sn  llial  lie  lll.iy  le.u  li  us  lieie  111  llic 
t.ill;  ami  as  snnu  as  you  shall  In-  rerlalii  of  liiiii  iir 
'lileimiiied  In  [Mil  Willi  yniir  nwn  we  lny  \in\  m.iv 
Inns,  m>  I'liiie  in  ai-iiuaiiiliun  us  nf  llir  I'li.  e.  wliiili 
wi-  will  imaiedialelv  leiiiil  In  \()u  nil  .1  HmI  on  York 
isic  I  as  we  shall  kii|i  the  .  ,isli  le.idy  Iill  we  hear 
frmii  ynii.  Slinuld  il  lie  Ino  lale  for  an  o|i|ioiiuMilv 
liniii  I'hil.iil'  I  ;an.i  llieie  h.is  alw.iys  lurn  v(  sscl-, 
Imm  \'ipik  ill  \u,:us|  and  Si;aii.  ,iml  we  dniilil  iml 
lli.il  III!  le  will  111-  ihis  Viai.  ■■■  ■■■'  *"  Ilia  I'.  >  hi' 
.iilils:  •■  1(  yiu  .lie  sn  lucUv  as  m  yet  us  a  .\i),'ii>. 
Iiifnii-   Mill    eiiiliaik    him  we  Ihj;  he  Iliav  lie  /;/.//;.,/." 

Willi, 111!  hunl.ip  evideiith  took  ihe  most 
kindly,  e\en  f.itlurly,  interest  in  his  two  pro- 
le_:;es  in  (^Mieliee,  jud^inL;  from  the  many  ielters 
he  \\role  tliein,  sever. il  of  whic  h  ,ire  in  iiu 
possession.  .A  son  n.imeil  Toiny  appe.irs  to 
h.ive  lieetl  ,it  this  period  with  the  printers  in 
•  Jueliee,  for  he  more  th.m  onre  refers  to  liim. 
I  le  alw.iys  suliserilied  himself,  "I  ,iin,  de.ir 
Hentleinen,  N'our  .ilfeetion.ite  W.  Diinlap. " 
His  ( (intldenee  in  them  w.is  not  mispl.u  (.il. 
for  tli.it  very  \e,ir  they  rep.iid  him  in  full  his 
.uKanec  of  ,{.150,  with  interest  .it  six  per  eent. 
There  beinj;  none  or  few  rej^iilar  banks  in 
existence  in  the  N'orlli  .Ameiie.in  pnuimes, 
remittiiii^  money  was  boih  ,1  dillii  ult  .md  1  ostly 
111, liter.  ( )piiorliinities  of  pun  h.isiiij;  a  bill 
ot  exchani^e  on  ,1  good,  solvent  liriii  or  indi- 
\  idii.il  were  few  ,ind  f.ir  between,  .\boiit  this 
lime,  176S,  W.  hunlap  severed  his  connection 
\\\\\\  business  to  become  reclor  of  the  [larish 
of  Str.itton  in  Km,i;  and  (^)ueen's  eoimty,  \'ir- 
uini.i,  while.  I  presume,  he  ended  li-  varied 
e.irtiiK-  (  .ireer. 


;      I 


lil 


i       '■ 


fi 

I 

h 


.>4''' 


./  S(Ui/:\/h'  (>/■  riir  sr.  /.iii-k'/-:\c/-  kii-fr. 


I'«rn\vii  .V  CiiliUMrc  Ii.kI  <  .ili  uLiinl  dh  ,i 
silliM  ri|itlun  ll-t  (il  ;U  Ir.i^i  150;  wlicll  tlu'  lll->t 
nnml)cr  .ipin-Mri'd.  unU  wo  li.id  ^imii  in  llicir 
n.uiU's.  (  u'McimI  Mhiimv  miI.x  rili'd  for  ini 
iii|iics  aiiil  iwu  dill.  I  iiltiri.iU  live  r.ii  l\, 
AtiiiiiiL;  lIu'M'  Mil  iMiiiis  iitit  iiiiirr  ill  in  ,1 
(I'l/rii  I'liiii  li  n.iiiii  >  (111  1m-  iDuinl.  iiiii>i  nl 
liir^c  uorc  )iiU'^i>.  riu'  |i,i|ht  wis  |iriii|i  il  mi 
aliilin  sluTt,  uiih  r.iMi  i|iiiiliK'-i  iihiiiiii  I'.il;"'^, 
iiiU'  (  Mliiinn  liriii4  I'.iiL^li^li  liic  ii|i|iii^iir  (iiu- ,1 
li,m>l.iii(in  iiitii  I  mil  h.      A  1  \'.\  ut'  th,'    km.il 

Anils  llClilcil  !hi'  |i.l|'l  r.  til  iillr  ~lilr  III  ullli  II 
W.ls  llic  lilir.  "  I  r  (^>'|i  jiri  (  i.l/iilr, "  »  111  ir  nil 
IIk'  nlliir  u  ,l>  llir  I'lilli  ll  tilli  ,  "  I  ,1  (  i.i/illi  clr 
(^>iiclu'i  ."  \!  llir  tun;  111'  tlir  rmiilli  |il^r  u.i^ 
till-  I  I  ill  i|  ill.  nil  •.  "  (^)iicl'.  I  ,   I  I  llitcil   l.v    I'.i.  i\\  11  ,\ 

(■.iliii.iii.    .It    till-    |irintiiiL;     .iHiir    111     I'.nl.iiii 

Stl'CTl,    111    the    I'lijii  r   'I'lin  11,      I     liltlr     ,lliil\i-     llir 

Hisllop'-.  |i.ll.n'c.  u  liiTr  smIim  I  i]itiiiii-^  I.  if  llil-- 
li.iprr  ,ilo  l,ikcii  in:  .iihi  1 :  i-.i'iiicnl>  .i|  1  iihkIi- 
iMti'  K'liijlli  (in  our  1,111^11,1^1-)  iii-.i-riiil  I'nr  I'l^i- 
sliilliliu'^  1 1,ilir,i\.  ilii-  rii-~l  ut-rk  aiiil  iiiii-  -^liil- 
lilli;  i-.ii  ll  Wrik  ilti-i;  11  in  Imtli  1.iiil;ii,Ii;i-s 
-.i'\i'ii  -^liilliiiiis  ,iiiil  --i\  |i(.'ii(  I-  ll,ilili\,  llu- 
Tir^i  \M-.-k  111. I  !i  ill  ,1  (J. ill, 11  I  ,i<  ll  \vi-.-k  iH'T; 
.111.1  .ill  kin  U  III  |iniitin-  ilmii-  in  tin-  nr.it.  ^l 
111  iiiiii-r,  uiili  I  .in-  .nil!  .-viiriiii  icm."  |i  ,i|. 
]ic.iii-il  mil  I'  .1  wr.-k,  mi    I'linr^iliv  ^. 

'I'll.'  lv\  1 1  I'li'^t  iMi:!--- I  I  iiilain.-il  liiii-i_;n  I'iiiiii- 
lu-.in  lu-u -,  --i-Klmii    li->-.  til. in  ^is   \vi-ik--  nr  lun 

lIKintlls    111.!;    nil  .l^imi.ll     itt-lll-.     lil.ltill^    In    tin- 

iHMi:liliniiim  l'iii\ini  IS  ,111.1  .-Ml, 11  I--  li..in  tli.ir 
in-w  |i,i].i  r- :  ilicii  Inllnwiil  -i.iniv  .illiisiniis 
to  iiKitli-r-^  111  111!  .ll  inhirst  ;  ih.-  ilmil  .m.l 
fmirlli  |i.i;;<'s  wrli-  filliii  uilli  nltiiLiI  pini- 
kiiiMlimis.  l;ii\  .  rnniriii  .iinl  piix.iU-  .iiImiIim-- 
liit-nt-.  iii.inv  lit  ui.irli  inn\e\'  iiirimis  .mil 
iiniinrlaiu  iiilniin.il  imi.  Ili.iun  .i|i|n-.irs  to 
h.nr  lii-(-n  tlu-  liii-~iiK-ss  Iu-.hI  -cilitnr  and 
niaii.iL;cr  —  of  tiir  (hihi-Tii;  lir  .in.l  ('riliimri- 
li.nl  i-\idrnth-  ln-cn  Ir.inu-d  at  an  r\i  rlK-nt 
S(  linnj  ;  w  iliiijs-.  the  I  ori'.i  Iiu'Ss  and  iu-aln.->s 
of  l!i.-ir  work.  Uf.iun  u.i-.  tin-  rs-^riir.-  .it 
rr;;iil.iril\'  .ind    jUfcisinii    in    all    lii->   work;   lii^ 

di.ifx,  his  letters,  lii^  ol'tii  .-  1 ks,  d.ninL;  fmni 

his  arri\Ml  in  C.in.uLi  until  his  death,  detailing 
every  liiisiness  ir.insactions  i\\  the  |irinlini; 
office  .md  ever\'  item  ol  his  own  |iers.in,il  ex- 
pense"-  from    1765   to    ij.'si^,  .ire   written    most 


<  irefully  111  rmiiuled  hand;  they  are  .ill  pre- 
served ainonu  the  1  olleeiimis  of  liie  wriler  of 
this  sketi  \\. 

|!ro,uIsidi-s.  |i.implileis  .md  sni.dl  \iiliimes 
s.  inn  tollnuecl  the  ,ippe,ir.mi  e  of  the  "  (^liieliee 
li.i/.tte:"  the  lirst  w.is  the  "  rK-si-ntnieiil  " 
ol  the  rii-.t  ( 'iiiidi.m  nr.ind  ini\-,  ,,  sm.ill 
.|ii.irto  ol  foity-l«ii  p.i.ui-s,  ,in  iiiiporlant  and 
iiniipie  doeiitiuiit;  hnl  one  i  opv  is  ktiown  to 
lAist,  ,iiiil  th.ii  Is  to  lie  fmiml  in  the  writer's 
I  nil. 'I  til  HI.  'rill-  si-roiid  volume  w  .Is  "  1 ,1-  ( '.iie- 
.  Iiisine  dii  I  »iii(ese  de  .Sens  in  1  7'>5 ;''  a  iiniipu- 
I  np\  is  ill  ihe  possession  of  the  I  loiior.ilile 
I'lilL^e  li.iliv  ot'  Mnii'.re.il. 

\  luiimis  .Mill  now  e\(  essiv  il\  r.ire  lionk, 
I'lmli-il  li\  r.imvn  .V  tiiliiinre  in  1767,  is  the 
"  \.-iiii.i-I  riiiui,"  .1  sill. ill  .S\i).  i\\  ijli  \\A'j,cs, 
pimti-.l  with  i;ie,it  III -itness  ,ind  linetvp.-  liiit 
eiilireU  ill  the  M.iiit.iL;ii.iis  l.mu;ii,ii;e.  It  is  .1 
pr.i\.r  iiiink,  I  .iti-c  lilsiii,  i-ti.,  (  ninpnsi-d  tor 
tl.e  liiiliiiis  iif  the  S.ii^uen.iy  \.llli\  li\  iheir 
'  eleliriled  ,ind  s.iiniK  m:ssionar\',  l-'.illu-r  I..1 
I'.lnssi-,  ,1  jes'iil,  whose  lile-unik  and  d.-.lth 
111  the  siiluei  t  nf  iiinr.  ih.ili  olu-  lej;end,  re- 
pi-,ili-i|  with  ri-\eienie  to  this  d.iv  anioiiL;  tin- 
inili.iiis  ,111(1  jii-.is.inis  ol  the  lower  St.  I,,iw- 
liliee.  Mis^  M. II  liar  o|  Kinnslnii  mil  (i.iii- 
.111. 1.  j:ii-,  timili.ir  to  m,in\-  re.idi-i--  under  tln- 
"  11. iiii  lie  plume  "  I''i(K-li.,  lias  re( cntlv  reiid- 
■  red  line  (it  these  I  .,1  I'lii  isse  legends  in  (  h.irm- 
ill;^  velsc,  J,  ( '.  I'illiiii;  in  his  "  llililioL;r,iph\ 
of  llie  .Mumii  |ili.in  I  .,inj4U.i:;es,'"  pnl  ilislud  li\ 
the  Smilhsiiiiiin  liistiiutimi  in  1  .^(j  1 ,  .;ives  a 
i;.iod  description  nl  lather  l,,i  liidsse's  u  lit- 
mus .111(1  woiks.  Tlu-  l.dior  ot  ( oniposin.,;  .mil 
re\isinj;  the  |irn(ils  ol'  sin  h  .1  lio.ik  must  li.ive 
t,i\ed  t!ie  p.itience  and  titiu-  ol  the  printer  to 
their  \a-i\    utmiisl,\et  he  (  h.irj^etl  liut^/,|;  Im 

2.000  cnjiies   nl    ()   slu-ets,    .S\-(). 

l'.tlo!li;h  of  tlu-  (-.iiK  issues  of  the  (  hii  ln-c 
pr.-ss  more  umild  1  e.ise  to  inti-rest  the  j;en- 
(-r.il  readi-r.  Ihown  \  (lilniore  remained  in 
p.irtnerslnp  for  nearly  ten  \e,irs  when,  in  177,^ 
riiom.is  (iilniore  di.d,  Durini;  the  two  or 
three  \i-. Us  ]Ueie(lin;4  hisd.-a'.li  he  had  been 
iin.ilile  to  withst.md  the  temptations  .itt.-ndin^ 
prosperitv,  he  h.ul  fallen  into  loose  h.iliits,  nej^- 
lected  his  w(^irk,  o\  erdr.iwn  his  Kiouiit  -in 
f.ii  I,   h.ul    become    a    thorn    in    Brown's    side. 


i. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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riii:  ok'/ii/.x  or  /w/y/vxi;  cv  ////■:  s/zoaw-s  or  r/zr  sr.  /..i  ifrrxor.    343 


i  / 


Brown  conlinucd  llie  business  alone,  bill  in  a 
very  careful  and  conservative  manner.  At 
this  time  much  sympathy  was  felt  throuj^hout 
Canada  for  the  \'i(tims  of  the  lioston  mas- 
sacre and  their  tamilies;  subscriptions  were 
( ollected  for  the  latter.  Hrown  contributed 
X50  to  this  fund,  a  very  handsome  sum  in 
those  days. 

Then  came  the  time  when  the  old  ]''rench 
province  was  invaded  by  the  Congressional 
army,  when  the  citadel  <  ity  of  (Juebec  re- 
mained the  last  foothold  of  ICnylaml  in  Canada. 
I'.rown's  sentiments  of  loyalty  to  the  Jiritish 
crown  and  institutions  were  too  decjj  rooted 
to  permit  him  to  sympathise  with  men  whom 
he  considered  to  be  rebels.  He  shouldered 
his  musket  and  serwd  devotedly  as  a  militia- 
man, on  the  walls  of  liie  citv,  at  the  battle  of 
the3istof  Uecember,  1775.  when  Montgomery 
was  killed,  and  \inlil  the  end  of  the  siege  in 
May  following,  when  the  retreat  of  ilu-  besieg- 
ers under  (leneral  Woosler  became  ,1  rout. 
After  the  beginning  of  the  siege  in  December, 
1775,  all  affairs  were  at  a  stand-still  and  the 
"(Quebec  da/ette  "  ceaseil  to  apjiear  until  the 
.Viigust  following,  when  the  countrv  had  re- 
covered, to  some  extent,  its  normal  con<lition. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  a  second  press  made 
its  appearance  in  Canada.  'J'lic  iirinters  were 
Fleury  Mesplet  and  Charles  lierger,  both  jirinl- 
ers  originallv  from  old  ]•' ranee.  They  had  set- 
tled in  I'hiladelphia;  there  thev  had  been  picked 
tip  by  Franklin  who,  together  with  Samuel 
Chase  and  John  and  Charles  Cairf)ll  of  Carroll- 
ton,  had  been  deputed  to  Canada  as  ("ommis- 
sionersof  Congress,  for  thepur])ose  of  inducing 
the  French  Canadians  to  es|)ouse  the  Revolu- 
tionary cause.  It  was  deemed  tlun  I'Vench 
printers  would  be  important  factors  ir  dissemin- 
ating tile  offers  and  blandishments  of  ( 'ongress, 
and  with  tliat  object  in  \iew  these  two  n'en  and 
a  press  followed  on  the  heels  of  tiic Commission. 
'I"he  Commissioners  perceiving  their  mission  a 
failure,  wisely  recrossed  the  borders,  but  left 
i)ehind  their  printers,  press  and  materials. 
These  two  w(jrthies  first  o])ened  an  office  in 
(,)iiebec,  and  their  first  output  was  a  \olume 
of  l''ren<;h  hymns  Soon  after  thev  returned 
to  Montreal,  where  they  jjrinted  several  small 


works  of  a  religious  character.  Meanwhile, 
Charles  Berger  disappears  from  the  scene, 
lea\ing  I'leury  Mes]jlet  alone  to  jiroseciite  his 
trade.  He  signalized  himself,  in  177S,  by 
])ublishing  the  first  l''rench  ncwspa|ier  in  Can- 
ada, "  I, a  Cazette  Litteraire,"  also  a  small 
almanac  for  1778  and  1779,  both  of  extreme 
rarity.  At  this  time  his  labors  were  violently 
interrupted;  he  was  aicused  of  republican 
s)'mpathies,  seilition,  etc..  and  thrtiwn  into 
])rison  in  (^)uebec  There  he  remained  incar- 
cerateil  in  the  Recollet  convent  until  the  peace 
of  1783,  when  the  mother  countr\  and  her 
daughter  agreed  to  live  apart.  Mesi^let,  set 
free,  lost  ikj  time  in  rei  riminations,  but 
founded  the  "Montreal  da/ette,"  which, 
.illhough  still  extant,  had  at  first  a  very  fitful 
.■in<l  uncertain  iwistence  in  the  hands  of  sev- 
eral masters,  \i/.:  Mesplet,  I..  \:  1.  Roy,  I'aI- 
wartl  Fdwards,  James  Brown  a  iieplu-w  of 
William  Brown,  and  others 

Meanwhile  our  friend  \\illian\  Brown  and 
his  (^)uebec  (la/ette  conlinut'd  the  e\en  tenor 
of  their  ways.  The  large  number  of  lroo[)s 
stationed  in  or  coming  through  Canada  during 
the  war,  and  when  peace  came,  the  renewal  of 
commercial  activity  brought  sid)scribers, 
lirinting  orders,  and  gold  into  his  strongbox. 
Previous  t(i  1779  annual  sheet  calendars  had 
been  found  amph'  sufficient  for  the  needs  of 
the  country.  Brown  now  judged  that  alma- 
nacs would  be  appreciated  bv  the  ])iiblic,  and 
that  year  was  issue<l  the  (Quebec  .\lmanack 
t'or  1780,  the  fust  of  that  most  im[)ortant 
series  of  almanacs  which  ( ontinued  to  appear 
year  after  \ear  until  1841.  The  older  num- 
bers arc  now  exceedingly  scarce  —  they  are 
\alued  by  collectors  at  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
dollars  apiece  —  all  are  rare  and  much  sought 
after  on  account  of  the  curious  and  imjiortant 
rei'ords  they  contain. 

William  P>rown  died  suddenly  on  the  22(1 
of  March,  1789,  aged  about  fifty-three.  He 
was  buried  in  St.  Matthew's  Cemetery,  John 
street,  (Quebec.  He  had  never  married.  Four 
years  before  his  death  he  had  jjrevailed  (jn 
his  widowed  sister  in  Scotland.  Mrs.  Isabel 
Brown  Neilson,  to  confide  to  him  the  future 
of  her  son   Samuel.     Subsequently  John  fol- 


? 


Sk'T'i 


I! 


Mi'     i 


if! 


■f 


344 


./    >■(>('    ;  7;.  \  7  A-    (>/      ////:    S/\     /./;/7>7  .\(  /     A7/7  A'. 


lowed  lii-<  luolluT.  .\lllionn;ii  IiuIhi.Tl'  Iii>\> 
.11  ilic  liinr  ol  their  iini  Ic's  deal  li,  iIk-v  cuii- 
timieil  Id  iii.iiia^e  his  piiiuin^  business,  llie 
Ga/.elle,  his  i;(i\  eriuiieiit  (oniiac  N,  in  a  wuid, 
his  large  estate,  in  their  own  helialf  ami  aUo 
tor  the  lieiielit  (ilUlhiT  heii-,in  S(  nilaiid,  foi- 
iiidwii  had  died  intestate.  Samuel  survived 
his  uiK  le  1)111  Iniir  )ear->.  i  [e  dieil  in  jaiiuarv. 
179,^  His  death  was  a  di^timt  1(j>^  to  tlie 
Province,  for  tew  men  aie  tndnweil  with  uiure 
liraelieal  and  brilli.uit  i|iiahlie-<  than  he  had. 
Me  w.is  a  jjarlic  uhir  t'.iMirite  at  the  ('hate, in 
S.iint  l.ouis  and  in  soii.il  (  iri  les.  II.  R.  11. 
rriiue  i'alward  (Duke  of  Kent,  father  of 
(Jueen  X'ictoria)  honoied  him  with  hi-,  frieiid- 
siiip  —  he  was  then  (  olonel  of  the  7th  I'lisi- 
leers  in  garrison  at  (Jiie]ie(.  It  is  >,iid  th.it 
Saimiel  N'eilson  (ontra<li'd  the  i old  wliich 
caused  his  de.ith  while  enjo\  ing  a  i.mdeni  sleigh 
dri\e  with  the  juim  e  Andre  M  ic  h.iiid.  the 
hot.mi^t.  mentions  him  in  las  memoii>  ,i>  l.eing 
.1  man  of  siirinising  scientil'n    att.iinnient  s. 

The  young  XeiNon^  showed  enti  rpri-'e  ,ind 
push  enough,  lirst.  to  found  the  '■  <juel>e( 
.Magazine,"  in  1791,  .1  monilih-  i-.-.ue  (siune 
luinihers  illust  r.Ued );  it  died  for  want  of  sup- 
port after  its  third  \oliime,  -.hoitl)  .ifier  tlie 
death  ol' S.imuel;  second,  to  Imy  out  the  -.lock 
in  tf.ule,  pre-<s,  etc.,  of  ,1  -.mall  riv.d  sheet 
which  h.id  been  in  existem  e  .1  lew  \e,ii^  in 
(^hiebec.  The)  sent  ihi^  m.iteii.il  ,niil  one  of 
their  foremen,  n. lined  I.iuin  Ro\  ,  in  fouiul  .i 
priming  ol'lice  ,ind  newsp.iper  .it  New  \rk.  on 
the  N'iagar.i  Ki\er.  the  new  t  ,ipil  il  ol  the  new 
province  of  I'pper  (".in.ida,  in  1  7'),v  I  hi- 
L"iJper  ( '.inada  ( la/elte  or  .\mei  ic  .111  <  >i.ii  le." 
.Vpril  i.S,  171;^,  w.is  th','  result  of  their  eniei- 
prise,  the  pioneer  pre^s  of  the  west.  l.ouis 
Roy,  however,  left  alone  to  him'>elf,  dis.ip- 
poinlcil  his  p.itrons,  abandoned  his  post,  and 
returned  lo  .Montreal  the  ye.ir  following, 
(i.  4'il1any  picked  up  the  work  where  Rov 
had  dropped  it.  and  1  oniiniieil  the  public.uion 
of  the  L'.  ('.  Ci.i/ette  until  its  transfer  to  York 
(nnw  Toroiiio)  in  1799,  wlnu'e  il  u.is  printed 
bv'  W.  Waters  and  T.  (;.  Simons.  Tlie-e 
printers  |)rove(l  une(pial  to  the  task.  4'his 
gave  John  N'eilson,  of  the  (Quebec  (i.i/.ette.  a 
second  opiJorlunity  of  opening  a  branch  print- 


ing esl.iblishmenl  in  l'[>per  ( 'anad.i.  lie  se- 
lected for  th.it  purpose  his  trusted  loreman. 
John  llcainetl,  .iiicl  supplied  him  with  ,1  lair 
ciiuipiiuait  from  his  ol'lice.  Ilennett  st.irled 
liom  (Jueliec  ill  June,  I  So  1 .  It  took  him  one 
month  and  three  d.ivs  to  re.ich  \'ork.  On 
the  jliIi  of  August  he  wrote  to  John  Ncilson: 
""  ■'■  ■"■  1  w.iited  on  the  (ioveriior  (Sir  Peter 
lliiiiter.nic  k-n.imed  lilue  Peter),  when  llisl^x- 
c  cllency  ap]iointed  me  "  King's  Printji'  for  I  'p- 
pc  r  (  '.mad. I.''  and  Sin  rift'  .M.ic  I  )onell  sent  with 
iiie  to  tlem.ind  the  types  from  mv  predec  es- 
sois.  who  h.id  not  the  le.ist  wind  of  the  biisi- 
iies...  .Mr.  Simons  is  a  \ciung  man  of  siune 
.ibilitics,  and  inuc  h  believes  in  \'oik's  future, 
but  il  .ippe.us  his  sentiments  were  r.ither 
inimic  il  to  government.  Waters,  whom  I 
h.ne  now  to  .issist  nie.  is  as  honest,  good- 
n.iturcc!  .1  tellou  .IS  I  would  wish  tc)  see,  onlv 
he  likc's  to  Like  ;i  hearty  twist  at  tlie  bottle, 
etc.  '"  "■■■'  '■'  Simons  has  .Ic  cpiired  a  genteel 
piopeitv  since  he  h.is  been  in  government  em- 
]i|o\.    Old  W.ilcis  is  ,i|so    possessed    of    some." 

bcuiiuai  took  .cvcr  the  public  .iticui  of  the 
I  ppei  f'an.id.i  (i.i/ette.  .ind  set  iinniedi.itelv 
.iboiit  printing  ihe  liisi  v  olume  of  the  "  |our- 
nils  of  the  Ibiiise  of  Assembly  of  Upper 
•  .iiLicl.c."  in  i.Siji,  .1  ipi.irto  of  ;,)  ]iages.  The 
"Statutes"  followed  in  i.Soj:  a  bcaiilifullv 
printc'cl  "Almanack''  lor  i  So  ^.  etc. .  etc  .;  all 
whic  h  .ire  of  i\c  c.ccling  scire  ity.  Ijennett, 
iinloi  tun.itelv  b\  c ontamin.ition,  or  natiii.il  in- 
c  lin.ition.  diiftc-cl  into  h.diit-^  similar  lo  those  of 
liis  , Issist. ml.  Waters.  He  neglected  his  busi- 
ness: he'  bee  a  me  inv  c;lv  cd  in  all  scu  ts  of  I  rouble; 
tin. ill),  John  Neilscjn,  in  1S07-S,  h.ul  |c)  c  cune 
to  \  cnk  to  (luse  in  disgust  his  (  cmnectiim 
with    the-  printing  business   in    I'pper  ( '.m.ida, 

.\l  the  end  of  last  century,  (1.  and  Sylvester 
Tiffaii)-  continued  printing  at  Niagara.  Their 
p.ipcu'  W.IS  known  as  the  "  C'onstell.ition." 
They  issued  an  almanac  in  1S03.  The  other 
|iioiieers  of  ilu'  press,  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
I-.iwrence.  were:  II.  .Mvles,  who  fcuinded  the 
"Kingston  'i.i/ette"  in  1810,  at  Kingston, 
now  represented  b)'  the  "  D.iily  News."  The 
same  printer  started  the  "  Prescott  Tc'legraph  " 
in  1S25.  The  "Hrockville  Recorder"  was 
originated  in  i  cSao. 


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lihH:R.\ri[ICAI.   SKh.TCII  oj--  /.  I..   H.  .\-/://.S(  >.y. 


347 


i 


Tlic  |Hi|iul,uion  (if  bntli  Canadas  now  in- 
creased with  rapid  strides,  and  witii  it  innii- 
nicrahlr  presses  and  periodicals  of  all  sorts — 
some  possessed  of  vitality;  others  of  tlie  mush- 
room tribe,  and  t'phemeral  in  nature,  arose, 
lived  anil  vanished  in  every  new  villaf^e. 

To  return  to  the  old  Qiiehec  press.  After 
the  death  of  his  brother  Samuel,  in  1795, 
J  )hn  Neilson  ((nitinued  the  publiratinn  of  the 
(Quebec  (la/ette.  L'nder  his  editorship  and 
manai^ement  it  gained  in  inlluence  and  im- 
p  irtince;  addressing  itself  in  its  l''renrh  and 
ICnglish  columns  to  both  nationalities,  with  n(. 
serious  rival  in  sight,  it  became  a  power  in  the 
land,  while,  at  the  same  time,  it  was  the  vehicle 
of  government  pro(  lamations  and  mandates. 
John  Neilson  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in 
iSiy.  and  he  occupiied  a  seat  in  the  councils 
of  the  nation  until  his  death.  His  great  abili- 
ties, his  integrity,  his  devotion  to  the  public 
weal,  his  ehxpience,  his  ])owerful  editorials  in 
his  i)aper,  soon  brought  him  to  the  front  rank 
.among  the  |)ublic  men  of  his  day.  'i'hrice 
he  was  deputed  to  London  bv  his  fellow 
(  iii/.ens  to  watch  over  their  interests,  and 
on  one  occasion  to  ])resent  petitions  for  re- 
dress at  the  foot  of  the  throne.     He  died  in 


1.S48,  aged  7j,  regretted,  loveil  and  revered 
bv  all. 

'I'lie  (Jueliec  (la/ette  celebrated  its  centen- 
nial sixteen  years  after  his  death,  in  iSf.|. 
Thiily-one  years  ha\e  since  then  elapsetl,  and 
the  (Quebec  (la/ette  continues  to  .ij)pe.ir.  Its 
last  number,  now  before  me,  is  dated  Wednes- 
day, May  1,  1895,  No.  u,,;;!,  \ol.  c.wiv.  For 
some  years  jiast  it  h.is  been  practically  the 
weekly  edition  of  the  (Quebec  Chronicle,  and 
owned  by  the  same  pro|irietor.  it  is  twc.ty- 
three  years  older  than  the  London  Times,  and 
now  one  of  the  oldest  newsjiaijers  in  the 
worhl.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  the  readers 
of  this  historic.il  sket(  h  to  kncjw  that  its 
writer  has  in  his  collection  a  complete  fde  of 
the  (  hiebec  (!i/ette,  from  its  prospectus  and 
first  number,  on.  June  Ji,  1 7O4.  u|)  to  1850, 
the  subseiiuent  years  are  unfortunately  not 
quite  ->o  complete.  Su(  h  as  it  is,  this  loni: 
Series  ot  nles  of  the  s.ime  newspaper,  covering 
nearly  a  <  entury  and  a  half  of  time,  is  believed 
to  lie  uni'|ue. 

It  is  safe  to  ^tate  that  the  precedmg  |iages 
embody  more  facts  relating  to  the  origin  of 
printing  in  (.Canada  than  has  yet  been  given  to 
the  public  by  any  other  writer  on  this  subject. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCH    OF    J.    L.    H.    NEILSON. 


-M.     O..    K.    1  .     A.  ,     in.i' 

Few,  if  .iny,  officers  at  present  in  the  mili- 
tary service  of  Canada,  ha\e  experienced  suih 
varied  war  service  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
-Shortly  after  graduating  as  M.  |).,  he  w.is  ap- 
[loint'd  assistant  surgeon  to  the  l\o\al  .\rtil- 
lery  in  Canad.i,  in  October,  1S69.  In  April, 
1870,  he  was  selected  to  form  p.irt  of  the 
medical  staff  of  the  small  aruiv  sent  under 
colonel  (now  Lord  Wolseley),  to  suppress  the 
first  Red  River  rebellion.  This  proved  to  be 
one  of  the  most  difficult  and  arduous  e^  [)edi- 
tions  ever  undertaken  by  British  troops,  but 
attended  with  comiilete  suciess.  He  re- 
mained eighteen  months  attached  to  the  mili- 
tary service  in  the  north-west,  volunteering 
meanwhile  to  attend  the  victims  of  a  frightful 


i '  r  \'   s  I  R  (1 1;  0  X  -  ( ;  I :  N  K  Is  .M . . 

small-po\  epidemic  which  raged  amon'^  the 
Indians  on  the  plains.  In  the  autumn  of  187  1, 
he  was  recalled  to  (!an,i(la  to  assist  in  the  organ- 
ization of  .\  and  15  I'.atteries  of  regular  Cana- 
dian .\rtillery,  and  since  that  lime  !;as  re- 
luained  connected  with  the  artiller\-  .'^cTvic-e. 
He  accompanied  his  corps  in  several  bloody 
encounters  with  the  mobs  of  the  ancient 
c;a])it.il  during  the  l.d)or  riots  from  1872-7. 
.\t  this  time  he  was  attached  to  the  .Army 
Medical  School  at  Netley,  in  Kngland.  Dur- 
ing the  Ru.sso-Turkish  campaign  in  the  ISal- 
kans,  he  volunteered  in  the  Red  Cross 
ambulances.  .At  the  close  of  the  campaign 
he  returned  to  his  former  duties  in  Canada. 
During  the  winter  of   1879-So,  he  spent  some 


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,4S 


./  .s(>rr/:v//:  (>/■    ////    s/\  /.,///•/>■/  \.y    lai'iK. 


wcL'k^  in  \\',i>liin;4iii:i.  ■.iiulviiij,  liir   iijiiiir.ilili'  iir;;,ini/iii:;,    ('i|iii|i|Mni;,   disciplining   :nul    cun- 

iiu'tlic.il    orn.mi/.alion    ol     the    I'mtiil     StaUs  ihuiin;.',    to    the    land   of    the    I'liaranlis    tliiM- 

Army,  then  under  llio    aMc   adniiiu^iiatmii   nl'  n)UL;h,  hall-wild  ii.ukwoodsincn    and   lndi,in>, 

lliosf    war     veterans,     (iencrals     l>. lines     ind  |jre\i()i;^!\    unarciistdnud    to    re^lranit  or  (on- 

(.'rane.  irol   cif  aiiv  sort  ;   \et,  wiilini   si\    weeks  of  the 

In  1884.  when   it  wa-'  dec  ided   lo  sele(  t    tiie  i->->iie  nl    the   l"ir>t   <  ,ilili'    order,  4S0    voyaj;enrs 

Nile  route  for   the   (lordon    rijief  expedition,  were  landed   in  Alexandria,  and  ten  days  later 


4^-       t\ 


J.     I..    HI'UnKT    Niai.SoV.    l;Si,i.,    M.     D.,  R.    C.     a.,    niai    IV    si   Kr,|..(iN.i;|M.KAL 

Lord    W'olseley    ealled    to    hi>    .lul   the    hardv  they  weje  at  work  m  the  Soudan.     After  liisar- 

Canatiian    voyai;eurs    to    assist    the    troops    in  ri\al  in  I'jgypt,  Dr.  Neilson  w,is  attached  to  the 

overcoming   tiie  cataracts    and   rapid>   of    the  fir--t  field  hosjiital.      I  le  followed  the  troops  in 

Nile.      Lord  W'olseley   specially    selected    Col.  their  arditoiis  111. irch  across  the  Hayuda  desert, 

Denison  and    Dr.    Neilson,  whom  he   remein-  was  present  at  .Mm  Klea,  etc.      'I'hen  later  he 

bered  favorably  duriiii;  the  Red  Ri\er  expedi-  w.is   sent   to  Sitakim,  on    the    Red   Sea   coast. 

tion  of  1870-71,  for  the  purpose  (jf  recruiting,  For  these  services  in   Kgypt,  he  was  specially 


1 


Li 


Ill' 


ill 


'■iM 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCH  01'  J.    L.  H.  XEILSON. 


351 


mentioned  in  Lord  Wnlcslov's  dcsii^itchcs,  ;is 
publislied  in  tlu'  LoiulDn  r)lti(i,ii  ( ia/ultc  df 
August  25,  1SS5.  Ho  uas  rcuardcil  with  llic 
ICgyiitiiin  war  medal  witii  two  clasps,  the 
Khcdivial  liron/c  star  anil  made  Knight  ol' 
the  Royal  ( >rdcr  ol"  Milusinu,  Inr  special  ser- 
vices gratuitously  given  to  Christian  refugees, 
who  had  lied  from  Khartoum  before  the  siege 
( Dmmenced. 

Since  that  dati'.  Dr.  N'eilson  has  served  in 
])eace,  cliielly  ns  medi<  il  ot'ti(  er  of  the  Royal 
Military  College  of  Kingston,  ('anada  (see 
page  2iS  of  this  volume),  ami  of  the  garrison 
of  Kingston  as  Chairman  of  the  Hoard  on 
Militia  Medical  Organi/.uion,  etc..  etc  . 

([e  lias  found  lime  between  his  many  pro- 
fessional callings  to  follow  hi->  natural  bent 
towards  historical  research.  His  library  of 
hooks,  MSS.,  mai)>,  jiortraits  and  reviews-  re- 
lating to  the  history  of  America,  and  of  Canada 
in  ])articnlar — is  one  of  if  not  the  largest  pos- 
sessed b)'  any  jiriwite  indi\i(lual;  in  fact,  it  is 
ipiile  iniicpie.  This  famous  library  was  com- 
menced in  I  So  I,  when  his  grandfather,  the  late 
Honorable  John  Neilson,  of  the  (Juebec  da- 
/elte.  purchased  the  greater  [lart  of  the  rare 
books  and  MSS.  belonging  to  the  old  .'esuit 
College  in  (Juebec  when  it  was  sold  by  order 
of  the  CrovernTuent.  To  these  beginnings 
ha\e  been  added  the  collections  of  three  lives. 
We  might  enumerate  a  few  of  the  MSS.: 
One  was  written  by  I'ere  Mar(|uette  in  1671, 
the  discoverer  of  the  Mississippi,  entitled 
"  I'rx'ces  lUinicae,"  written  in  the  dia.lect  of 
the  Illinois  Indians;  it  is  thouglit  to  be  all  that 
remains  extant  of  this  language.  The  I'ere 
Sylvie  M.S.  of  about  1680,  is  a  iliclionary  of 
the  Montagnais  language,  and  philologically 
important,  as  well  as  four  other  old  Jesuit 
MSS.  All  the  "iVm.  lirown  (nrrespondence 
with  I'hiladelphi.i,  relating  to  the  origin  of 
printing  in  Canada,  his  diary,  and  all  his 
account  books  from  1764-S9,  and  the  office 
books  of  the  Xeilscms  and  their  corres])ondence 
until  1S50,  containing  all  their  printing  trans- 
actions; an  enormous  number  of  correspond- 
ence and  letters  of  ])ublic  men,  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  middle  of  the  jiresent  century, 


printed,  books  are  a  complete  file  of  the  Que- 
bei  (!a/etle  from  June,  I7'i4,  to  the  present 
day;  fifty. live  years  of  the  (Quebec  Almanacks 
from  17S1  to  1841  — by  far  the  most  complete 
series  known;  the  presentment  of  the  grand 
jury,  (^)uebei ,  1765  ;  the  St. imp  .\(  t,  (Quebec, 
1765;  l.abrasse's  Xehiro-Irenui,  1 767;  Cugnet's 
Laws,  (Quebec,  1775;  the  Traite  des  Mes- 
sieurs. (Juebec,  177.';  the  Mohawk  Prayer 
I'.ook,  <Juebec,  1780;  Regleinent  de  la  Con- 
frerie  .Mesjjlet,  .Montreal.  1776  (first  book 
luinted  in  Montreal);  the  U|)per  Canada 
.\lman.ii  k,  \ Ork,  iSoj,  together  with  all  of 
Hennelt's  and  Louis  Roy's  correspondence 
relating  to  the  early  I'pjier  C^anada  press;  the 
•  Quebec  Directory,  i7<)0;  the  Quebec  Maga- 
zine, thrc  e  \ohiiiu-s,  1  79  i-j  ;  the  Hritish-.Ameri- 
(  ,in  Register,  (hiebec,  1S05;  the  Canadian. 
1807-10,  etc.,  etc. ;  the  (U'iginal  Jesuit  rela- 
tions, Cham|)lain,  1619;  Lescarbot,  1611; 
Sagard,  i<\\o;  Di'Lact,  1O40,  are  representetl 
by  choice  examples.  To  these  \alue  is  added 
by  the  binder's  best  efforts.  This  collection 
is  also  exceptionally  rich  in  early  Canadian 
]iainphlets. 

Dr.  N'eilson  has  supplied  the  press  and 
maga/.ines  with  many  artic  les  enibod\ing  his 
researches:  "The  Ro\al  CaiKidian  X'olunteers, 
1794-1802;"  "The  Diary  of  a  French  Cana- 
dian Ofticer  during  the  war  of  .-12;"  "The 
List  Days  of  Fort  Frontenac  under  the  I'leur 
de  Lis,"  are  historical  sketches  of  real  merit. 
The  article  on  the  "Origin  of  Printing  on 
the  Shores  of  the  St.  Lawrence,"  in  this 
volume,  is  from  his  pen.  Dr.  Neilson  has. 
for  years,  given  much  attention  and  labor  to 
the  collection  of  material  for  a  history  of  the 
origin  of  the  press  in  Canada,  and  a  biblio- 
graphy of  the  early  Canadia  printers  up  to 
1S20,  and  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  his 
volume  may  ajipear  before  many  months. 

Dr.  Neilson  is  one  of  the  founders  and  first 
vice-president  of  the  Kingston  Historical  So- 
ciety and  for  the  second  time  president  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute;  he  is  honorary  member 
of  the  Numismatic  and  Historical  Society  of 
Montreal;  of  the  Societa  Araldicae  Historica  of 
Rome;  of  the  Institut  de  Psychologic  of  Paris, 


etc.,  etc.,  form  ))art  of  its  riches.     Among  the      etc.,  etc.      He   is    hereditary  Seigneur    of  tht. 


ii 


M 


I'M; 


:  :.  !  I 


I  '  I 

I  ll 


.^52 


./  si>ri-/:.v/u  01    nil-  si\  i..\WRi:\ri.  i<i\-er. 


Sci-tiiiirv  ')f  1 1  111  in  I,  in   the  pioMiK  c   of  (,>Mr-  .111  ii  Ir^  Im  ihc  '•  Krviii.'  (Ic  I'l  h  piioi  I'^m,"  pnli- 

1„.(.       Ills    piiv.ilr     irsiiliiKc    Is    Crlciuliiiii.il,  lislicd  ill   I'.iris,  "lii' ll  li.ivc  ntlr.ii  led  ,ilti-nli()ii 

Ncilsdinillf,  I'.  (J.  .11)111,1(1 

Hi,     iiudu.il    -['111  |-c<    iif    arlidii     i^    stiidlv  1  )i .  NoiUim  is  im.issiimin^,  r.isily  ,i|i|ii  n.u  h- 

liniiird    Id    ill"    iiiilit.irv  uiidii-   Ills   iiniiudi.ili'  nl,  .1  tii.iii  dl  ni.inv  .uliiui  ,iliK'  ir.iits  ul'  i  Ii.ii.k - 

(h.ii-f.      I'ldk-ssiiuMl  rr.idin;;  oniiicissrs  iiiiK  ll  irr.      As  ,1   liil.li,i,ur,t|ilu'r    lir    h.   pmlMliU   iidi 

iifiiis  liiiu',  lifin-  f.ivdird  uiih  an  oi>cn.  liliri    1  cMrllcd    m    ilic   (iniiiny.       Itdiii    liis    lil.r.nv 

,111(1   indriJcndnU   mind        iinli,niiiicriMl  liy  tli:'  liivc   1  cmu'    llir    rMillcnl    |iu  iiirrs    ul   Cniiiit 

ddi^iiiJlii- Icit  liiii^s  (]|  s(  lidiils  —  new  idr.is  and  i  rdiiuaiac  and    llic  Cju'valicr  1  ,a    Sallr,  uliiih 

nrw  MK'tluids  I'lilist  Ills   s\iiiiialli\-,  and    ii   I'ds-  aii.'  rcprodiK  cd  in  tliis  vdlimic  ;     two    jiic  Iiiu's 

s 'ssrd    of    nu'iit    arc   add|itcd    livliim:   iu-  lias  1 'lal  wmiltl  Ik"  ditiiiadt  Id  diiiili(  air  in  Canada, 

ihus   l)L'((inii'   an  adrpl  df  tlu'  sysiciii  df  iiHMli-  1  l.piiiy  Siii-rdn-Cirniial   Xcilscin's   srivin'sin 

cine    kiidwn    as    lliir'^rasvian   "i    1  idsimclric  t'lc  field  lia\<'  wdii  tdi-  him  nicritcd  |irnindli(in, 

he  lias  tdi- \cars  iiucsiiuaud  tlu'    ipplicalidn  ,  if  l.iil  liis  real  woilli  is  licsl  appreciated  hs' lluise 

ihpndlisin   Id  llie  ircilnieiii  df  (crt  lin  fdinis  wiili  wlidin  he    has    sersid,  and    |i\    those  who 

of  disease.     I.   nder  ihishe.id  lie  ll.is  I  (intrilailed  know   him   hest. 


MTLZAR     FOWLER. 


Mll,/\1-:  1-'m\\i  I  1;.  ndw  diily  diiiilv  leliieii.- 
bi.Ted  liy  the  dlder  ju-dpl,-  ..f  Jeffersdii  .  (iimly. 
N.  \..  w.is  lidin  ill  l-'.dinliiirnh,  Saratdi;.! 
<(iiint\-.  X.  \  .,  in  I  So^,  .md  c  ime  td  I  lepaii- 
vilK.'  ill  the  e.irly  tui'ii:  ies  wit  h  his  p.iieiils, 
Ansdii  jduler  .iiul  Mirii  l".sselst\h  luwlei. 
liis  sister  j.inc.ilsd  aci  diiip.inied  thciii(she 
sulisequently  in,iir\iii_'  l'.ldridi;e  (i.  Meriikl. 
and  lier  lirdther  jdhn.  The  f.ithci  <  din 
nicnccd  a  mcrc.iiiliie  lnisiness  in  I  )ep.iii\  ille.  .1 
new  settlement  \\hii  h  had  ji-t  lieunn  to  ilc- 
\elop  its  Inmlieriiii;  iiitcicsi.  This  scidemcn' 
w. is  on  the  rapids  of  (  '  il  lish  I 'n  ek.  uhii  h  at 
that  lime  w.is  ,1  stream  m|  iiir  'c.  uitii  siiiti- 
(  iciit  w.Uer  Id  ild.it  timlur  ddun  id  rs  mduili 
at  1. . ike  ( Inland  —  nol  ,il  .ill  lesc  niMin^  ilu' 
j4ie.ill_\'  diminished  sirc.im  il  iidw  .ippe.iis,  .ilicr 
having  its  hanks,  .iloii.;  il-  uholc  (inirse,  ile- 
nuded  df  limber.  Thee, lie  df  I  his  1  aisiiiess 
earlv  fell  upnii  Mel/. 11,  liie  eldest  sun,  and 
when  he  was  .ihuul  lueiiU  \e.iis  ui  age  he 
bore  the  rcsponsibilit)-  df  his  lather's  mere  ,in- 
lile    .affairs. 

After    some    ye.us,    wishinj;   td   evieiid    his 
oper.iliolls,     Mel/.ir     esl.dilished      .1      slole      .il 
lirownville,  ami  went  there  to  l:\e,  still   m.iin- 
taining  the  supervision  of  the  store  at    Mepaii 
ville.      His  vonnjicr   brother.  John,  <ilso  (  .nie 


Id  lliiiu  n\  ilh  as  a  clerk,  ,ind  was  given  an 
inha-cst   in  the  bilsiiiess. 

At  th.it  lime  one  InMiiih  df  Mr.  hnwler's 
nil  ic  anlile  business  was  the  111. iniif.n  lure  ol 
pell!    ash     Iroin   wood     .ishes.        The     tolt'sls    111 

bUersd;!  cdiinlv  fiirnislu'd  the  didy  fuel  in 
tlidse  di\s,  .111(1  the  pedple  iif  the  country 
s.i\-eil  their  aslu-s  and  suhl  ihiaii  to  him,  and, 
iii.i  building  fdr  the  purpose,  he'  (diiveited 
these  .Ishes  into  pearl  ash,  which  w.is  an  im- 
]idrtinl  .irli(le  df  I  diiiivaae,  and  found  sle.idy 
111.11  kel   in   New  \  (Uk. 

Siidrilv  after  csi.iMishing  himself  .it  Ibdun- 
\i'ile,  Mel/.ir  m, lined  .M  iss  ( 'kiriss.i  Spi(  er,  a 
si-li  iiif  Ml.  Sil.is  Spi(  i-r,  ol  l'er(  h  Ki\er.  .iiul 
(luriiiL;  their  icsideni  e  iIkuc  their  twn  (  liild- 
leii.  I'.hlrid.ue  .ind  Nettie,  were  born.  During 
these  \e.irs  Mel/.ir  enl.irged  his  field  of  opera- 
lions  .It  Djp.iuville  by  engaging  with  Mr. 
Ml  rii  k  in  the  business  of  gelling  out  oak 
liiiilier  .ind  I  ifting  it  to  the  (,)iiebe(  market. 
In  the  spring  of  i.S;^  he  moved  his  family  lo 
1 1 'p.rnille,  giving  up  the  business  in  lirowii- 
\iile,  in  order  tiiat  he  might  give  his  entire 
.iitiiiiiiui  lo  liie  1  >ep.iiiville  ope'rations,  and  be 
wiih  his  aged  parents,  while  John  went  to 
('livldii  in  til"  interest  of  .Smith  \-   ^[erick. 

.\l   ill, It  e.irl}  day,  Watcrtown  was,  as  it    is 


1 


1 


f^ 


MMi, 


t|;| 

llii; 


m 


mmmm. 


yo//x  X.    fnwi.ER. 


JJ3 


now,  tl.c  business  renter  for  the  surroiuulinj^ 
country,  the  only  tnctliod  of  travel  being  by 
private  conveyance.  It  was-.viiile  going  tiiero 
on  business  in  August,  1835,  soon  after  the 
family  moved  to  Depauville,  that  Mr.  I'owler 
had  the  great  misfortune  to  have  a  ])air  of 
horses,  one  of  whieii  was  vicious  and  unre- 
liable. 

He  stoi)i)ed  at  a  liotel,  and  when  it  came 
time  to  feed  the  animal  the  hostler  was  afraid 
to  enter  the  stall,  and  called  Mr.  Fowler  from 
the  hotel,  wi.-)  at  once  took  the  feed-measure 
in  his  hand  and  entered  the  stall.  The  vic- 
ious horse,  not  recognizing  his  master,  dealt 
him  a  blow  with  one  of  his  forefeet,  whi(  li 
proved  fatal  in  three  days.  l':verything  was 
done  for  Mr.  Fowler  that  could  be  known, 
but  the  blow  had  produced  an  internal 
rupture. 

Thus  died,  in  the  llower  of  his  youth,  and 
in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness,  one  who  had 
the  warm  regard  of  all  his  business  associates, 
and  whose  morning  of  life  was  full  of  promise. 
It  is  remembered  of  Mr.  J'owler  that  manv 
farmers  brought  their  sons  to  him  to  edu(  ate 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  so  great  was  their  con- 
fidence in  his  possessing  all  the  traits  that 
would  bring  such  youths  into  an  earnest  and 
successfid  manhood. 

His   death,  so   sudden,    so  tragii  ,d,  elicited 


universal  regret  and  sympathy.  His  wife  and 
her  two  children  remained  at  Depauville,  but 
the  faithful  nujther  never  was  herself  again. 
A  woman  of  superior  mental  abililv  and  per- 
sonal beauty,  and  with  a  natural  refmement 
nuu-h  beyonil  most  ,jf  those  by  whom  she  was 
surroimded,  her  loss  wore  upon  her  energies, 
and  she  survived  her  husband  only  seviai  \ears. 
The  two  children,  Kldridge  and  Nettie, 
thus  left  orphans  at  the  age  of  nine  and  se\en 
years,  respectively,  were  tenderly  (  arcd  for  by 
their  grandmolher  Fowler  and  iheir  urn  le, 
lion.  I-;.  (1.  Merick. 

Fbidge  went  Liter  to  live  in  the  family  of 
Mr.  Hugh  Smith,  of  I'erch  River,  and  after- 
wards with  his  uncle  John  P'owler  until  <-om- 
mg  of  age,  when  he  went  West,  where  he  has 
since  lived  ^.nd  become  indentilied  with  larue 
hunber  and  land  mterests  in  Michigan,  Min- 
nesota and  Canada. 

The  daughter  ';rew  to  womanhood  in  the 
liome  01  lier  grandparents  and  her  uncle  and 
aunt  Meri(  k,  receiving  at  their  hands  the  best 
educational  advantages.  She  married  Cvrus 
H.  McCormick,  of  reaper  fame,  lioth  as  the 
right-hand  helper  of  her  husband  during  his 
lite-time,  and  l.Uer  in  the  atlministration  of 
his  estate  (with  her  son  Cyrus),  she  has  been 
<alled  to  bear  some  of  the  heavier  resj)onsi- 
bilities  of  life. 


JOHN  N.  FOWLER. 


TiiK  writer  of  this  sketch  never  had  any 
personal  ac([uaintance  with  the  subiect  of  it. 
For  the  facts  statetl  herein  he  is  indebted  to 
several  old  residents  of  Cla\  ton,  chielly  the 
lollowing,  vi/.:  I'homas  Rees,  a  partner  of 
Mr.  Fowler  in  some  of  his  business  enter- 
prises, who  made  a  written  statement  of  fads; 
Messrs.  I).  C.  I'orter  and  Perry  Caswell, 
members  of  the  M.  K.  Church  with  Mr. 
Fowler,  who  was  a  faithful  and  substantial 
member  of  that  churc  h;  A.  F.  linker,  [ohn 
Johnston  and  Capt.  William  Rees. 

Thj  ■  itlier  of  Mr.  I'owler  came  from  the 
eastern  j.art  of  this  State  ami  settled  in 
l)ei)auville   in    the  early  part  of  this  century. 


'I'here  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business  and 
reaied  his  family.  In  time,  one  of  his  daugh- 
ters became  the  wife  of  Hon.  1;.  C.  Meri(  k, 
subject  of  a  biogiaphical  sket<h  elsewhere  in 
this  volume.  One  of  his  sons,  Mel/ar,  was 
father  of  Nettie  Fowler,  afterw.irds  the  wife, 
and  now  the  widow  of  Cyrus  II.  McCormick, 
of  Chicago.  A  lady  of  great  wealth,  and 
whose  generous  heart  anil  bountifid  hand 
have  justly  earned  her  a  rei)utation,  of  which 
it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  it  is  national. 

John  N.  I'Vjwler  left  Dep.mville  in  1855, 
and  came  to  Clayton.  He  purchased  the  in- 
terest of  a  \\x,  Moreton  in  the  old  store  of 
Smith  c'v  Merick,  standing  on  the  bank  of  the 


ii 


!'i 


', .  .-'i 


1 

h 
1 

f  :• 

356 


./  st>rr/:.\7A'  or  /■///••  s/:  /  nrA'/wc/:  av/v;/?. 


river,  whcii-  SiiiiDii  I'lrrslnu's  store  is  ikiw 
loc.ilcd.  Sleplu-n  llalu,  ,1  <  lerk  fur  Mr. 
FowKt  'kv  .1  lew  MMis,  al'lerw.uiN  licc.une 
liis  ]i;.]i:hi-  ill  llie  slmc.  Hut  Mr.  I'"<i\vlei' 
CDiild  nut  I  (inriiu.'  hiiiisell'  to  iiu'if  sliiiikecii- 
in'_;.  Tlie  I  niiiiiry  \v. is  new  and  rich  in  Imtli 
siiil  and  limber.  In  i  S ;()  or  iS.;;  lie  |inr- 
cliased  se\eial  liundred  aeres  of  laud  Ivini; 
;il)out  tun  miles  south  of  Cl.ision.  lu  a  lew 
years  this  wild  land  was  converted  into  a 
farm,  so  well  iiiijiroved  that  the  County 
Agrii  ullural  Soi  iety  bestowed  on  its  owner  a 
first  jiri/.e  lor  his  imiiroveme:its. 

In  i.'s44,  Mr.  !''owler  formed  a  iiartnership 
witii  Henry  I'sselstyn  under  the  name  ot 
Fowler  Cv  Esselstv  n.  The  latter  had  tor  years 
been  bookkcejier  in  the  lar-e  lumbering  busi- 
ness of  \].  li.  Meriik,  and  the  business  of 
Fowler  iV  I'-sselstya  was  carried  on  in  ( 011- 
jiinetion  with  his.  It  consisted  of  raftini;  and 
forwardin,^  to  the  (^luebec  market  a  vast 
amount  of  timber  ami  staves,  broiij^hl  to  Cla)- 
ton  in  vessels  from  the  shores  of  the  iipiier 
lakes,  and  in  ship  buihlin.L;.  For  many  years 
tiiey  built  one  t  1  fi^ir  steamers  and  sailing 
\essels  e\erv  )eai.  All  the  following;  named, 
and  manv  more,  were  l)uilt  at  their  yard  in 
I. 'laMon,  \i/.;  I!iv  Slat-.  Catar.iit  and  New 
^'ork.  The  Hritish  (Mieen  and  Hritish  I'.m- 
pire,  desiL;ne(l  for  usi'  down  thi-  river,  were 
built  by  them  at  I'ort  Metealf  in  Canada. 

During  much  of  the  time  Mr.  I'owler  was 
so  engaged  with  Mr.  Merick,  he  dealt  largely 
in  real  estate  on  his  own  sei)arate  account. 
He  bought  a  large  tract  lying  I'ontiguous  to 
Clavton.  known  as  tin;  Lawrence  Lands.  He 
disposed  of  the  proiierty  to  actual  settlers,  and 
invested    the    proceeds   in    timber-lands  in  the 


West  ;  and,  as  coincidently,  tho  lumberinp 
i)iisiness  of  the  fiiin  was,  year  after  year,  ex- 
tending fartlier  and  farilu'r  westw  ard,  there 
was  a  constantly  growing  necessity  to  mo\e 
the  pla(  e  of  business  in  that  direction.  At 
first  a  brancli  office  was  opened  in  Detroit, 
lint  with  Clayton  as  a  Ixise  of  operations, 
Detroit  was  found  to  bo  an  incotneuieiit  out- 
post with  the  means  of  communication  then 
in  vogue.  .\nd,  more  than  this,  Detroit  had 
become  a  city,  i.ipid  in  growth,  brilliant  in 
prosi)ects,  and  already  taking  a  prominent 
position  in  shi[ibiiilding  for  the  tipi)er  lakes. 
Cut  off  from  tli.it  region  by  the  small  pro- 
portions of  the  Welland  (anal,  and  at  great 
disadvantage  in  the  matter  of  timber,  not  to 
speak  of  other  imixjrtant  items  in  shipbuild- 
ing, little  Clayton  could  no  longer  hold  this 
great  and  enterprising  firm.  In  1S56  their 
Clayton  property  and  business  was  dis]iosed 
of  to  Thom.is  Rees,  and  they  moved  to  De- 
troit. There  they  o|iened  an  immense  dry- 
duck  and  ship-yard,  and  continued  Innibering 
operations  in  the  West,  under  the  firm  name 
of  .Merick,  Fowler  \-   F.sselstyn. 

The  old  accpi.iintances  of  Mr.  Fowler  still 
li\iiig  in  Clayton,  speak  ol'  him  as  a  man  of 
great  energy  and  wonderful  enduran<e,  a 
strict  (  hurch  member,  a  public  spirited  citi- 
zen, an  honorable  man  and  one  highly  exact 
in  his  reipiirements  of  others,  while  holding 
himself  bound  by  the  same  rule  of  <  onduct. 
To  him  mav  l)e  a|iplied  this  grand  and  safe 
rule  of  excellence  and  ability  —  in  every  sta- 
tion where  he  was  known,  boy  or  man,  and  in 
whatever  he  undertook,  he  measured  fully  up 
to  the  reipiirements  of  the  occasion.  That  is 
,1  test  which    can  be  applied   to  but  few  men. 

(J.  11.  s. 


THE  SPICER  FAMILY. 


S  r.\Ni)i\<;  well  up  from  the  river's  edge,  on 
Hemlock  Isl.md.  one  mile  west  of  Thousand 
Island  I'ark,  is  the  <  oiiage  shown  above, 
built  in  the  wintiTof  rSj^-fj,  being  one  ofthe 
earliest  upon  the  river.  It  is  the  summer 
home  of   Hon.    Henry   Spicer,  for  nearly  his 


whole    lifetime    a  resident     of     I'errh    River, 
\.  V. 

The  Spicer  family  was  one  of  the  earlv  ar- 
rivals in  Jefferson  (  ounty,  and  trace  tlieii 
lineage  in  an  unbroken  descent  from  three 
brothers,  natives  of  N'ormandv,  who  (ante  into 


1 


THE   CONblANT    READER. 


fl  If^* 


!i 


! 


iJUlili 


Till:    SI'ICI:R    r\].Mll.  V. 


.^S9 


f 


Eiijiland  as  "gentlemen  voluntocrs"  with 
William  the  Connuerer.  These  brothers  set- 
tled respectively  in  Devonshire,  Warwick  and 
Rent,  HngUmd.  The  two  wlio  settled  in 
Devonshire  and  Warwick  still  have  descend- 
ants residing  there.  In  the  36th  year  of 
Queen  l^lizabeth's  reign  (1594)  an  account  is 
given  of  this  family,  from  their  first  ''being 
ofiicers  and  magistrates  of  the  honorable  city 
of  Exeter,  beginning  with  the  first  year  ot 
iMigland's  first  Edward  (1273)  and  continr.iii- 
to  the   7th   year  of  tjueen  Anne(i7oS);   and 


honorable  a  city,  continuing  for  so  lung  a 
course  of  years,  their  estate  being  also  ei[uiva- 
lent  to  their  antiquity — they  having  also  be- 
stowed a  considerable  one  on  the  chamber  of 
Exeter,  to  uphold  its  guardian."  In  1357  it 
is  further  related  that  "  the  HIack  Prince  (son 
of  i'.dward  II I)  catne  out  of  France  bringing 
with  hitii  prisoner,  King  Jolin  of  France, 
whom  he  had  taken  a  little  time  before  at 
I'oictiers.  He  landed  at  I'lymouth,  and  came 
to  F^xeter,  where  John  Sjiicer  was  mayor,  who 
received  the  [jrince  and  iiis  prisoner  with  mut;h 


''^^*^"«"'^  n\ 


i;i  i-x-rn\F.     i(iii\i;r.,  iii:\iiock  1^1. \mi. 


during  the  whole  of  these  435  years  some  one 
of  the  Spicer  family  was  mayor  of  Exeter.  ( )f 
this  illustrious  line  "John  Spicer"  was  mayor 
from  1252  to  1359 — 107  years,  though,  of 
course, there  were  several  individual  "Johns." 
In  an  accurate  .iccount  of  the  ancient  fam- 
ily of  Spicers,  taken  from  an  original  manu- 
scri])t  extracted  from  a  description  of  the 
County  of  Devon,  A.  D.,  1714,  we  learn  that  "but 
few  families  in  Faigland  can  show  such  a  pre- 
cedent of  the  otlice  of  mayor  of  so  ancient  and 


display."  It  is  further  related  that  the  "  fam- 
ily of  S]iicers  in  the  times  of  the  three  I'ldwards 
were  jirinciijal  officers  and  magistrates  of 
Exeter,  and  were  then  considered  for  their 
many  and  gentlemanly  qualities  and  virtues  ; 
for  in  those  days  such  men  for  their  virtues  and 
not  for  their  wealth,  were  magistrates  and 
governors,  and  in  all  places  of  trust." 

Members  of  this  distinguished  family  were 
in  Jamestown,  Va.,  in  16 iS,  and  in  Rhode 
Island  in  i66o.     They  were  also  settled  in  the 


lii 


s  1 


!!',i 


■  I'' 


'i; 


360 


,/  .S('r;7;.\7A'  ()/■   ////•;  s/\  /../(cav- ayv-;  A'/i/:a\ 


vicinitN'  111'  Stniiiiijitoii,  t!nnn.,  until  after  tli  ■ 
Revoliitioiiai)  Wav.  'I'licy  \\\rv  liotli  (il'lic  crs 
and  iirivnti's  in  the  ('niitiiu'iit.il  .\rm\',  ami 
fouij;ht  trom  HiihUlt  II  ill  id  Saratoga.  'riK'\' 
came  ititi)  New  \'ork  in  171;-',  and  into  K'llcr- 
son  cuunly  in   1  S  1  j. 

■rill-;   I'",-si  1  >rNNs. 

'I'lu'  autlidr  111'  tins  MiliinU'  has  had  arcr-is 
to  ]ia]i(.Ts,  well  authenticated,  which  shciw  that 
the  l-'.sselst\n  fainiU  (ecunineni  ini;  u  illi  Kiii^; 
('l(i\is  in  ^uo  A.  1  >.)  were  (it  the  same  st(irk 
as  thiise  (it  that  nanu-  wlm  came  tu  Anuiic  a, 
but  the  date  dl  their  ariisal  in  this  (cmnliy  is 
yet  nm  ertaii). 

'rill    Cm  1  irN-tM'N-. 

Aiidtlier  tact  he  lia-  discdvereil,  that  the 
Chiltenden  lamilv  are  related  to  the  I-",ssels- 
tviis  and  ilie  I  iiwlers.  'I'leimas  ('hitleiiden. 
a  linen  weawr,  came  with  his  son  Isaac  into 
Anitiica  in  if', 55  lium  Waiipiiii;,  in  Kent. 
l'',ni;laild,  settlin:;  in  ri\iiionlh  county.  Mass., 
and  his  descenclants  are  still  tciuiicl  there. 
William  ('hiltenden  was  one  of  the  ccuniiatiy 
of  t\ven;y-t1\c-,  ^.ithered  c  hielh  from  Kent. 
Surrey  and  .Sussex  in  the  South  of  I'.n^l.ind. 
who  determined  to  le.ue  their  nati\e  c  ciuntry 
and  seek  a  new  home  in  the  wilderness  of 
.America.  Their  Inst  recorded  acts  as  a  sepa- 
rate (  cimmunity  was  a  covcaiant  which  they 
siu'ned  on  shiii-l)oard,  while-  on  the  passage, 
liindinn  e.u-h  other  to  ]il,ii,t  themselves  in 
New  l'j\L;l.md,  near  (Jiiinnipiac  k.  if  possilile, 
and  to  lie  helpful  to  eac  h  citlu-r  in  every  com- 
mon work,  according    to   e\erv  in, ill's    .ihilitv. 


and  as  nc-t'd  should  rec|uire.  Ilesides  U'illiam 
( 'hitlenden  there  were  twenty  four  other  sign- 
ers to  this  agreement,  and,  so  far  as  history 
has  lieeli  able  to  iiulic  ,lte,  it  was  solemnly  kept. 

i'his  William  Chittenden  had  several  chil- 
dren horn  to  him  in  l",n;daiul.  His  wife  w.is 
Jo.iniKi  She, life,  who-e  sister  horothy  w',is  the 
wife  of  Kev.  IIenr\  Whitfield,  the  lirst  minis- 
ter and  a  leading  niemln-r  ol'  the  Ciuilford 
('olony.  The  d.ite  of  William  t!hitlenden's 
sixth  1  hild's  birth  is  upon  the  Ci  nil  ford  record, 
as  of  November  15,  1(1  p^  I'ebniary  i,  1660, 
he  died.  He  was  undoulitedlv  the  ))rogenitor 
of  the  older  f.imilies  of  his  name  in  the  United 
States,  ancl  the  Chiitendens  of  ( )neida  and 
Jefferson  county  undoubtedly  sprang  from 
this  slock. 

Joseph  ( 'hiltencleii.  son  of  Joseph,  who  was 
de--c  ended  in  a  direi  t  line  from  the  origiiuil 
Willi. im.  was  a^ed  <j2  when  he  died,  April  7, 
i7c;.p  laicv.  his  daughter,  born  ,ii  Cuilfortl 
()ctober  .S,  17,^6,  married  '  U-l/ar  l''ciwler, 
.March  10,  i7<iS.  lie  w,is  the  progenitor  of 
the  i'ciwler  family  in  Jefferson  county,  known 
^11  well  .It  Clavton,  ,incl  represented  in  this 
hisi(ir\  by  the  biogr.iphical  sketch  of  John 
lowh-r  and  his  brother  Mc-l/,ir,  this  latter 
being  the  father  of  .Mrs.  .Nettie  !■'.  McCor- 
mic  k.  This  f.imily  and  the  I'.sselstyns  ,ire 
ri-l,iled  through  the  I'.icl  that  .-Xnson  ('hit- 
lenden, born  i>ec-emlier  1 S.  1 76.S  (son  of 
the  alici\  e-named  I.iicy  Iciuler),  married 
.Maria  l-',sstlst vn,  and  in  th.il  w.iv  the  l-'owlers, 
I'lsselslyns  aivl  Chittenden  f.imilies  of  Jeffer- 
son county  are  related  tu  one  another  Ijy  mar- 
riage. 


OKORCE  MORTIMER  PULL. /IAN 

\Va^    born    upon    ,1    firm    in     Chautaucpia  possessed    an    unusual    cpiantity   of    what   we 

coiiniv,    N.  \'..    March  ^.    iSji.      llisp.ireiits  demonstr.ite   "grit"   or  fibre.      On  the  whole, 

\vere  in   moder.ite    circ  uinstanc;es,  .ind  able  to  it  m.iv  l)e  s.iid  that  his  |)rim,ir\  schooling  was 

give  him  only  the  benefits  of  the  local  schools,  peculi,irly  ad.ipted  for  the  life  he  was  to  lead, 

which    were,  hcjwever,  of  good    cpiality.      His  where  indeiiendent  reliame  w. is  of  more  v.due, 

home   training  was  such   as  to  aiil  him  in  the  coiijiled    with    integrity,  th.in   any   number  of 

formation    of    fixed    Iialiits    of    industry    and  college    di|)l<)mas.      .At    seventeen,  he  went   to 

firmly-settled   principles  of    morality    ant!   in  .Albion.    N.  \'..  where    an    older    brother  was 

teiiritv.      While   not  of  a  large  frame,  he  vei  abeadv  established  as  a  cibinet-maker.      Here 


' 


/:  -2 — 


^.  V> 


^t'  *  '■  i-'ts^ 


n\ 


11 


11, 


1 


li/'iu^'i;/:  .\f,>h'7/u/:h'  nil  \i  w, 


'/'3 


he   ser\'(.:il   wli.it   was  lo  him  a  mtv  im|i()itaiU  a   tow   chillars  of  his   own    to    liegin    business 

ai)|)ix'nti(i.'shi|i,  Idi-  hr  KMinnl  what   ((iiihl   lie  with.      AIkmii  a  vear  Liter  an  opiuirtunity  was 

<l()iie    nsetiilly    as   ueli    a>  (iniaiiuiii.illy    with  iiresenleii   In  make  an  addition  to  his   already 

wood    and   wooden    lilire,    .\\\t.\  _t;rew    into  en-  steadily  im  reasini;  <  apital.      The  widening  ol 

larged    ideas   as   to   tlu'   varied   aiipli.mces    of  the    l'',rie    canal    necessitated    the    removal    of 

upholstering.      All  thi^  was  lo  he  of  use  lo  him  many  Imildings  of  \arious  kindsiipon  its  l)ani<s 

at  a  later   day  ;    jjiil   with   his   lessons  in  taste  lo   more   desirable    locations,  and    the    i|ii!ck. 


nFoi;(-;r  MoniTMKn   rrii\t\\. 


and  the  like,  he  accinired  much  mlormation 
of  another  kind.  He  learned  something  of 
engineering  and  mechanics,  and  through  a 
series  of  minor  experiences  he  accpiired  strong 
contidence  in  his  own  ability  tor  devising 
mechanical  ways  and  means.  He  prospered 
pecuniarily,  through  constant  thrift  and  in- 
dustry, so  that  upon  becoming  of  age  he  had 


active  brain  of  this  rising  young  man  and 
future  financier  suggested  a  possibility  of  the 
task  being  easily  accomplished.  He  made  a 
success  of  it  financially,  and  obtained  an  ex- 
perience that  was  a  benefit  to  him  in  his  future 
career.  Other  contracts  followed,  and  for  a 
time  house-moving  was  his  specialty,  but  he 
was  also  successful  in  other  lines  of   business. 


7W 


3^'4 


./  .vi/-;7\7A'  (V  ////:  sv:  r..n\h'/:.Xi/:  Kiii.k. 


I  w 


111  1.S59  :i  i\r\v  idiM  lit'j;:iii  In  ilc\cl(i|i  m  lii-> 
niiiul.  .111(1  .1  sfiio  lit  (.'Sin'iiiiu'iils  lollowi'il, 
'I'lu'  ijiliii.ul  >ystriii  iit'llii'  I'liili'd  Stales  \v  i-, 
Vi't  III  llic  lust  -.l.i^jrs  III  its  ilrvi.'lii|)liuiit.  .iiul 
iis  iii.ni,ij;(.'iiiunt  li.ul  Ik-l'Ii  in.irkcil  1)\  ihr  iim^ 
|iriniri()iis  I'l  Diiiiiiu'.      Iiii|iii)\riiiciit''  lii'j;.in  .11 

nine,  fur  the  lir-^l  Ainelli.in  Inrniiml  l\  i  ,  de- 
>i_uneil  .liul  liilill  liy  Trier  ('nn|ier,  .11  lillli- 
inme,  was  e^ini  ialh'  ailapteil  In  Amrriiaii 
riiail>.  riie  luiiniiive  "  sliaii-iaii,"  ^|iil<e(l 
U|inii  a  Idl;,  liail  i;i\en  plare  in  llie  heavy  T 
riil.  The  Kiter  ears  were  innre  1  nminrialile. 
I'he  liiniL'>s  (if  colisnlillatinll  hail  bej,  in  :  Inf 
the  seven  roads  aern'^-^  iiiiddle  !^,'e\v  WnV  had 
liecoiiie  one  I  nriinraticjii,  kimun  a^  the  New 
N'ork  Central.  (  )tlier  e\teiisinii>  were  {^oinL; 
on,  and  sn  the  davs  nl  cxpre^^  1  nlii|ianie-, 
tliri)U,i;h-l'rcinht  liiie^  and  iiii|iri)ved  ]ja^M  n-er 
(  .irs  Were  aiPiiroaeliiiii;.  PuriiiL;  1.15s  Mr 
Tulhiian's  alteiitimi  h  id  In  en  e^pei  lalU  drawn 
In  the  Iniiii-distaiH  e  sK'e|iiiiL;-i  ar  idea.  The 
sl(_T|)inL;  ,11  (  (iiniiind.itinii>  all'nrded  |M--enL;er^ 
were  liiit  enl.ir;^eil  1  n|iie>  nl  the  JMinks  mi  the 
[Lisseii^'er  |i,iikets  i\\  the  l'',rie  e.m.il  ihrt-e 
tier>  nil  e.ii  li  side  nf  the  1  .ir. 

The  ihnui^ht:-  wlii(  h  lieL;an  In  ma  iiiin.ile 
duriiiL;  nne  lULilit'^  ride  nn  niic  ni  the^e  |iriiiii- 
tive  eoarjies  did  imt  enine  iiiln  si-lit  until  the 
following  ye.ir.  lie  liei^.in  .1  series  III'  |ire- 
lirnin.iry  ex|)eriineiil^  liy  ri-nindi'liiiL;  twn  d.iv- 
coaehes  on  the  t'liicagn  and  .Minn  rn.id.  .ind 
afterw.ird  did  the  same  '<\\  liie  i;Ul  ('r.iK-ii.i 
road.  He  was  a  pioneer,  .md  iiiel  with  little 
eni'ourai;enient.  The  -leeiiin^-ears  wt're  iii- 
\arialily  the  inoperty  nt  the  mad  tlie\  r.in  mi, 
and  their  trips  were  limited  tn  their  nwn  r.iils. 
N'o  attention  h.id  l.icen  given  to  the  ide.i  of 
linking  long-distance  railroading  eiijnxalile. 
Its  discomforts  were  considereil  uii.i\  oidalile, 
and  reg.irded  as  a  matter  of  (  nur-e.  .\n  en- 
tirely different  ennre|)tiun  (^\  the  future  of 
.\merican  jiasseiiger  transportation  li.ul  imw 
taken  possession  of  Mr.  I'lillman.  Willi  only 
limited  mechanical  skill,  lie  had  acquired  a 
large  fund  of  varied  mechanical  knowledge, 
much  of  which  was  in  the  direct  line  of  his 
proposed  invention. 

It  was  not  until  1S63  that  he  was  ])repared  to 
devote  himself  entirely  to  his  new  enterprise ; 


,1  shop  WIS  liireil,  .ind  under  hi>  person. d 
supervision  the  del.iils  «cie  i.irriedoul.  It 
reipiiied  long  moiilhs  of  tml,  and  the  ch.mges 
well'  r  idii  .il,  Inr  he  w,is  11  it  merely  thinking  of 
show.  The  pnweil  il  spring-,  reipiired  to  se- 
I  lire  sie.idiness  In  the  siceping-c.ir  w.is  an  in- 
iin\.itinn,  and  tiie  lieds  .ind  gener.il  oiitlil 
ueii'lo  he  as  good  .is  in  1  l"irst-(  l.iss  Imtrl. 
I  Inly  a  f.iint  iile.i  ol  the  impro\  eiiienl  w.is  ex- 
pressed hy  the  f.lcl  th.it  while  one  of  ih ■■  ild 
"  r.itilers  "  ciist  y|,noo,  ('ir  A,  the  iiioneia'  of 
the  Tullm.in  1  .ir^.  i  nst  ^rS.ooo.  'I'his  .ipp.ireiit 
extr.iv.ig.iiu  (•  secured  ill, my  conveniences  and 
luxuries  as  well  .is  s.ifctv  to  life  and  limli. 
The  improv  einenis  urie  re.ulily  .u  1  epted  1j\ 
the  tra\('lling  piiMic  as  ,1  1  nn\  eiiiem  c  of  whii  h 
it  seemed  they  li. id  sn  long  Keen  depriv  ed,  i.  e., 
relief  from  f.itigiie,  pure  .lir,  s.ifely  in  Ir, cel- 
ling, cle.inliness,  rel  reslinu-iils  li\  the  w,i\  — 
.mil.  in  f.ii  !.  a  moxiiig  Imtel,  rolling  o\'er  the 
rn.id,  aeros-,  the  inaiineiil.  This  was  the 
result  nf  this  in. Ill's  geniiis. 

W'e  ll.Ue  lint  ideipiUe  sp.iee  in  uliiill  In 
ilesi  rilie  the  iiiere.ise  in  tiie  sleepiiig-i  .ir 
liusiness  wliieli  1  .line  In  Mr.  riiliiiian  .ifter 
his  line  ears  were  put  upon  the  liMilmg  lines  in 
the  I'niled  St  ites.  Their  iniistrintinn  re- 
ipiired tin.'  eipiipmenl  of  se\er.il  shops.  Init 
tlie,e  wnrks  eniild  lint  keep  p. He  wilh  the  de- 
m  ind.  The  resiili  was  his  founding  ,1  new 
tnuii,  in  the  suliurlis  i>i  (Chicago,  and  the  (  itv 
of  I'lillm.in  has  been  the  result  nf  his  efforts  in 
tli.it  direetiiiii.  He  ill. Ill  liee.imea  1  .ir-liuilder, 
fir  llie  ]iulili(  can  at  anytime  have  freight, 
p.isseiiger  nr  sleepiiig-cars  liiiilt  at  that 
place.  The  (  ity  nt  Tiillmaii  i  overs  over 
5,500  .Kues  K)\  grmind,  and  there  are  con- 
eentrated  all  the  conveniences  of  a  great 
city. 

I'misidered  linancially,  the  business  success 
(if  .\lr,  I'ullman  is  hardly  exceeded  by  that  of 
,iny  other  living  in.,n.  Other  men  are  his 
peers  in  r.ulway  enterprises  or  exceeil  him  in 
a(  (  inniil.ued  wealth,  but  the  distinguishing 
fe.Uure  of  his  own  achievement  is  its  origi- 
nalitv.  He  s.iw  .1  coming  demand  for  the 
very  best  sleeping  and  drawing-room -car  that 
coiikl  be  built,  and  he  developed  it  by  the 
very  fact   of   sup|)lying  it.      During    the    year 


CASIM.    KIM,    I.I  II,    M.     I'l    IIMW.-,    k  I  ^l  |  il.NI.K. 


I 


!' 


f)" 


CO/..  (>.  (/,   .s/',//7.A-.V. 


3^>7 


cndiMK  July  i.  .892,  the-  |-ullman  .  ars  carrK^d      the  nunncr  i„  wl 
,S.-'79,,{2o  passcnt'crs. 


iicli  .1  iiieiital  picture,  ,1  nicrc 
'i-i,      ,        .  r    ,.  ,,  conception  hut    yet  .1  -eruiin.il   tlu. unlit,  ari.- 

I    e  shop  town  of    PuHumu  an<l  the  ..alure-      ,„«  in   the   unn,l  of    a  ctpahl.    nun,  n,  v    he 
>o.el-car   system.  ta!:en    together,  present    ,u,      ehnnnate.l    ,,n.l    pra.ti.ally    applied     tor   the 


exreediuKly  readable  illustration   of 


the  ^,'real       la^tiny   heiul'ii  ot    mankind,  as  well  as   for   the 


marvel  of  luunan    life   and    work  ;   that  is,  of      perpetuation  ol  his  own  name 


COL.  O.  G.  STAPLES, 

inni.DKU    nv     Till.     ll|or~.AM)    IH.AMi    ll(»IN|... 


ONI..  Of   the  n,ost  marvelous  enterprises  of       under    suel,    untoward    .  ir,  um.t.mees,  and   it 
Northern   New    York   was   the  eoiueption   of       ,„arke.!  him  as  a  N.ipoleon  of  finaiu  e 
budding   a    hrst-elass  wa.enn,   pl,„  e  I,,,,.!  a,  A,    „,,  „„„   „    ,,,,  ,,,„,,  ,„  .s;.,"  Mewn- 


^T  \l'l.|-,' 


AJexandna  Bay,  and  ttsst^cessfnl  erection  an.l      dria   Hay  was  chielly  known  as  the  home  of 

urnishing.byCol    O.G.STAP.,,.s,whoatthat      A.ariah    Walton,    the     fisherman    story-teile 

tnne  was  not  worth  a  dollar  elear  of  his  debts,      and  entertainer  of  New  N'ork  celebrities    who 


Certainly  nothing  short  of  the 


Highest  business      came  to  the  .St.  I,aw.en<e  River  for  a  week  or 


t,'enius    could    Im-e    accompli.shed    the    feat      so  ol   outing,  disporting  themselves^.v  alte 


;r,8 


./  >iirr/:.\7/c  c/'  /v/a  >/'.  /..i ir/x/wc/:  av/v-.A'. 


natc     lioiir^    <il'    ("isliinL;    .mil    licarinL;    Uncle 
A/ariah  icU  stories.      'I'lic  piescnt  wurld-uido 
celebrity    of    the   'riioiisaml    Isiimls    ami   the 
sublimely  placid  scenery  of  llie    St.    Lawrence 
archipelago  were  no   more  thou.ght   of  by  the 
people  at  lar-^e  then  we  now  think   ot    niakinL; 
;i  tropical    paradise  in  tlie   .Vdiroiulacks.      We 
know  of  only  one  man  who  then  read  i nrrectly 
the   ^rand   fiilure   ol    the  St.    Lawren<e  Kiver 
and  its  transcendant  charms.      That  man  was 
().   G.    SiAi'i.E>,    and    with    the    boUbiess    of 
Napoleon  at  the  bridge    if  l,o(b,  he  took   hold 
of  the  enterprise  of  btnlding   and  furnishing  a 
hundred     thousand     dollar     hotel    without    a 
salted  dollar  of  cai)ital  of  his  own,  with   only 
two    endorsers    of    moderate    means,    and    he 
would  have  succeeded  in  paying  for  it  had  his 
creditors   been   a   little  more   patient  and  for- 
bearing.     lUit   some   one   got   in   a   hurry  and 
''lit  on  him,"  and  that  caused  the  whole  Hock 
to  light  down  at  once.      In  the  litigations  that 
followed    he  worsted   manv    of   his   creditors, 
whom    lie   would    gladly    have   paid   had  they 
gi'xn    more  tiuie,  and  actually  saved   to  him- 
self   fnllv  ><So,ooo    of  the  cost    of   the    hotel 
structure    and    hirnishings,    enabling    him    to 
take    a    lease    and    furnish    Willard    Hotel,  at 
Washington,   out    of    which,    during   the    past 
eighteen  years,  he  has  made   half  a  million  of 
dollars— establishing  the  fact  that  he  "knows 
how   to  keep  a    hotel,"  said  to  be  one  of  the 
highest    indications  of  accomplished   wisdom. 
The  opening  of  the  'I'housand  Island  House 
was  the   "open   sesame"  to  the  beginning  of 
the    present   era    of  the   St.    Lawrence    River 
visitations  from  all  (juarters  of  the  globe.      It 
is    umiuestionably    the    most    expansive,    the 
most  calmly  beautiful  region,  affording  the  most 
charming  social  deliglils,  both  day  and  night, 


that    the    round     rarth     affoiil>.       'I'hat     this 
^sliould    have   all    been   |(>re--een   by  this  enter- 
prising   vouiig   man,  i-.   ot    itselt    evidem  e    of 
gcuius  o!'  ,dmost   prophetic    order.      Ailvertis- 
ing    the    hoicl,    nei  es>aril_v    took    in    the    ri\er 
>iener\.       The   >uc<essor  to   .Mr.   S  I'AIM.KS,  in 
running  the  Thousand  Island  House,  told  the 
writer  that  it  w.i<  the  best-advertised   hotel   in 
the  I'nited    States.      He  s.iid  everybody  knew 
of  it,  anil  whoever  came  once  desired  to  come 
again,  .ind   the   thousands  that  i  ame  the   lirsl 
smnmer  it  was  opened  told  their  neighbors  of 
the  grand  delights  of  the  region,  and  the  ne\t 
vear  other  thousands  WH-re  .idded,  and  so  year 
by  year  the  throng  ^welled.      Associ.itioiiM  were 
organized,  islands   were    pur<hased    for    jiarks 
and  ])rivate  residences,  till   now  from    live  to 
six    thousand    people    migrate   liitheT  tor  tem- 
porary  sunnner   li.diitation,  and   not  less  th  m 
from  liftv  to  a  hundred  thousand  peojile  vint 
the    region    for    a    week   or  a  Jay's  recreation. 
The    land   holdris   of  these  evergreen  islands, 
worthless  for  agiiculture,  have  sold  hundreds 
of    thous.mds    of    dollars'   worth,    and    if    the 
islands  ha\e  not  all  <  hanged  h.iiuls,  it  was  not 
for  the  want  of  an  opp(utunity.      'I'he  Waltons 
and    t'ornw.ills,     who    owned    many   of    them 
thirts'  \ears  ago,  are  under  great  obligations  to 
the  genius,   entei  prise   ami    th  ring   of   ().    (1. 
Si  \im  i:>  in  concei\  ing.  building  and  adxertis- 
ing   the   'I'housand    Island    House  —  the    first 
grand    step   to   the  consummation  of  the  pre- 
sent   renown   and   glory    of  the   St.    Lawrence 
River  region.      .Ml    Noithern  New   \'ork,   our 
farmers,  our   railroads,   our    builders  and  our 
furniture  dealers  have  lux'n  greatlv  lienelited 
by    the    prophetic   foresight   of  the  builder  of 
the  Thousand  Island  House,  and  his  face  be- 
longs to  the  history  of  the  section. 


'Ak 


PICTURESQUE    KINGSTON. 


y 


I'liN  |);ii;l's  124  to  i,5J  willlic  found  an  c--tiiig.  ,1^  m.iy  \ic  >cvu  in  the  ,iMr  writ- 
articlu  ii-lating  to  thr  inland  liistniir  in^;-.  ot  Dr.  N'riUon,  of  the  Rnyal  Aitillciv, 
iit\  .if  Kingston,  and  upon  Jia^cs  j.S  to  ,5,3  a  i^rnlUinan  uhoM.'  lac  i-  uc  art-  \\r\  uhid  to 
will  al>o  lie  found  an  inteic-.tinn 
and  al)ly-\vritlcn  .irticlr  cnlitK-d 
"Canada^  Wr^t  I'oinl."  With  j 
these  (■ontrihulions  ue  MiiL;ht  liave  \ 
heen  expected  to  sa\  no  more  about 
Kin;;^ton  ;  l)ut  a  late  \i>it  to  that  I 
"ancient  and  honorahie  "  town  has 
■-alisfied  u-^  that  we  had  onl\  inst 
entered  upon  the  suhjec  t  of  pre-  j 
senliiiu  the  cits'  of  Kinirston  in  a  i 
manner  worthy  of  ii^  anc  i^'Ut  his- 
tory and  ill  jiresenl  L;rowtli  and 
standing;.  It  has  lieen  called  a 
"slow"  town,  a  "finished"  town, 
but  a  ride  anion:;  its  modern  ini- 
lirovemenis,  its  beautiful  private 
lesidenc'i'S  and  public  buildini;s 
will  ileinoiistrate  its  proper  status 
as  one  of  the  best  built  and  most 
progressive  towns  in  Canada. 

It  has  one  of  the  finest  and  best 
adai'ted  printing;  oltices  in  Amerii:a 
■  -  complete  in  all  i.s  details,  a  jiem 
in  the  e\e  of  a  practical  printer,  i 
(  >ne  of  its  (  hurches  h. is  the  line  ^t 
spire  between  the  tuo  oceans,  a 
real  "tliinnof  beautv,"  ,nid,  there- 
lore,  a  "  joy  loiever.  Its  public  | 
bnildinns  are  imiiosini;  and  upon  I 
a  i^r.ind  scale  of  excellence;  its 
people  are  hospitable,  intelligent, 
p.ilriotic  .  Art  is  ncjt  forgotten, 
for  it  has  one  of  the  ablest  photographers  |)resenl  in  this  vohnne,  with  one  of  his  latest 
(Mr.  Henderson)  to  be  found  in  any  c(iimtr\';  productions.  ihus  mm  h  we  desiretl  to  say 
and  its  conlribulions  to  contemporaneous  ,i>  a  prelace  for  the  man\  illustrations  whic  h 
literature   are   classic, il    and    unusuallv   inter-      follow. 


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MORE   ABOUT   KINGSTON. 


^Hi'A'  Major  Durham  iircpaicd  his  c\- 
<:rllein  article  rclaliiiji  to  moclern 
Iviiigstoii  (see  p.  IJ4),  we  had  not  then  pro- 
(  iired  the  line  ilhistrations  whicii  preceiie  this 
article,  and  for  which  we  are  intleliled  !o  Mr. 
1'i:n-,i;,  editor  o(  the  Whi-.  We  cannot  spare 
the  space  for  a  lengthv  description  of  all  the 
individual  Imililin-s  antl  \ie\v.-..  whic'  :ippear 
in  this  chapter,  hut  we  are  lortunal  )  being 
able  to  give  a  soincuhat  lengthv  account  of 
Mr.  I'l-.N-iV  ohice-building  just  (oinpleted, 
and  <onsideretl  the  llne^^t  in  the  I'rovinces  — 
nideed  its  wonderful  adaptation  to  the  wants 
"I  a  large  (lailv  newspaper  Would  make  it  a 
line  .iddition  to  any  c  iiy  in  America. 

We  copy  the  following  from  the  Whig's  able 
conteniporarv,  -  I'en  and  Scissors,"  of  Toronto. 
The  writer  savs: 

"At  a  time  when  Kingston  rested  on  its 
garrison  and  il>  wealthy  men  put  their  money 
in  banks  or  mortgages,  it  was  said  of  the  city 
that  the  penitentiary  represented  its  nior.ility 
and  the  news|)aper  press  its  cnterjjrise.  While 
this  w.!s  unduly  severe  on  ilie  fourih  estate, 
whi(  h  has  been  fairly  represenlativL  of  the 
importance  of  the  city,  it  is  neverlheles-,  true 
that  the  Kingston  papers  have  made  grc.it 
strides,  still  it  IS  (picslionable  if  ,niv  place  of 
.-0,000  peo|,le.  in  an  i>ol,Ued  localiu.  can 
l>roduce  journals  of  eipial  merit. 

"  The  latest  stride  has  been  made  by  the 
'  Whig,'  which  has  just  entered  upon  its  sisiy- 
second  year  as  lively  as  in  the  h,>y-d,iy  ,,f  i'l. 
y<Mith,  when  it  was  founded  with  the  distim  1 
I)Uri)ose  of  fighting  the  old  Family  Compact. 
Thirty  years  ago  it  was  taken  in  hand  by  its 
present  publisher,  Edward  J.  11.  j'ense,  at  a 
crisis  in  its  history.  Opiiosition  had  reduced 
it  to  .dmost  its  last  resource,  but  it  was  so(jn 


I'tiilt   up  again   to    a    firm    st.inding     uid    ha-, 
never  siiue   known   a  diftii  ulty.       Lnder    1  )r. 
liarker,   its  first   publisher,   it   u  as   tor    thirty- 
eight  years  ,1  journal   characterized    by  manly 
■-pint  .nid  (  ritic  al  .Kimien,  of  which    the    vct- 
er.m  editor  w.is  a  m.isier.      j'or  the  l.ist  twenty 
years   as  a  Liberal    p.iper   it    has   been    distin- 
guisheil  as  a  newspaper  in  the  first  iilace,  and 
secondly,   tor  staunch    supp(ui    of    its    p.irtv, 
coupled  with  an   independent   generous  spirit 
which    made  it  fri.aids  ,,,1  bcah   sides  and   has 
led  to  its  uncommon  prosperitx.      The  aim  of 
the   publisher   h.is  been    to  show    thai    honor 
and   truth  can   be  sustained    in   ,1   jouriialisii, 
career,     n,  twithst.indinp;     a      hundred      d.nly 
templalioiis,  just  as   faithfullv  as  in   ,my  other 
I"'i\'"'-'     '"■     public     cireer.      Therefcue.    the 
'  Whig"  h.is  ret, lined  the  respc  t  of  all  (  lasses. 
1  he  week    ending  ,:!olh    .Mar(  h.    1X9;;,  was 
the  lirst  its  si.iifo,  ,ii|,n.,l  the  new  building  on 
King    street.    Kingshjn,    fronting    the    public 
s.pi.ire.    an    id.al    loiation    lor    a    newspaper, 
close  to  the  cit\  li.ill  ,ind  all  city  departments, 
to    the    railwav    st.itions,  leading    hotels.  p,,.st- 
iiIlK  e.     (  listoin     house     and     I'xpress     oltices. 
L'pon  the    loi,  ilftv  bv  one   hundred,  a    h.md- 
some  building  h.is   Iu.,:n  erected,  the  materials 
"f   the    liont   being   Credit    Valley   stone  and 
led  pressed  brick. 

"The  first  lloor  is  a  semi-liasemenl,  afford- 
ii-.g  room  for  six  (  ylmder  ju-esses  in  a  row, 
licsides  half  ,1  do/en  other  machines.  The 
pinver  is  supplied  by  electric  motor,  with  gas 
motor  as  reserve  and  aiixiliarv  pew  r.  The 
furnace  room  is  entirely  (iit  off  from  the  press 
room,  as  also  is  ,1  rof)m  lor  the  street  carriers. 
'I'he  main  lloor  is  iv,ich,.,l  bv  a  liall-w.ay  twelve 
Icet  wide  with  ilnglish  iile  lor  lloor  and  ony.\ 
tile  dado  with  einliossed  biuch  r.  on  th,'  walls. 


f.  If 
\i\f 

is 


390 


.■/  .s-()r/7;.\7A'  fV  ////■;  .w.  /..///av-.aca  a'/i7:a'. 


TI)L'  flUr.uicf    and  Inis                  k  o-^    ( ninhinrd  ciiiU   spicc    for   .ill    the    ■^t.uiiiiK'rv  that    could 

arr  in  liiii.'  wiili    tlii                    lust  in  the  (dim-  iK)-.^ii)!y  Ix.'  icquiri d.      'I'hr   rear  ol    that   lloor 

tr\.       I'hr  furniti'                 .  lattrr  is  nrw  in   its  is   dccupinl    1)V  the   joN   piintini;  ilcpaitincnt, 

\v,i\;  ihe  counti-'r'               jnal  ih'-'iL;n)  ami  ilr-.k^  anil    its    hiiL;hliu'>s    makes   it    a    \i'i\   pleasant 

aie  nf   polisheil   (.         .ilh  i  aliinci-.    In    mati  h.  unrk    rcom.      in    this    deparim  ait    are    to    he 

The    imlilishei'-'    v i    m  u  ell-lii:  ni>lied    and  seen  not  only  a  very  large   stork   nl'    \\\w,  hut 


I  III.    KIM.^IiiN     ■•  W  ||]< 


M  u    n"Mr.. 


Iia^nak  mantel  and  lire   ]ihiie  nl    rid    Teimes-  the    lale-.l    ideas  in  wood    caliinets    and    other 

see  marble  and  iron  I'lliinns  witli  l;  is  lo;^.    '{'he  <  onveniences. 

l)artitions,  as  indeed  all  the  work  ol'  the  build-  " 'i'he  third   lloor  is  oi  i  iipied    by  the    news- 

ii\^,  are  in  li^ht  wooiU  oiled.     'I'Ir'  i;lass,  boili  paper  deparlmeiU  chiellv.      The   three   edito- 

in    windows    and    pailiiioiis,    is    in    tin-   !ale>t  rial    rooms  are    roomy,  brij^ht    and   attr.u  tivi', 

st\le  and  u^ed  withoiil  stint,  still  there  i■^  not  ,i  prob,d)ly  the  ple.ls.lute•^t    oltices   in    the  city, 

d  Ilk  I  inner  in  the   biiildiiiL;.       At  the  b.K  k    of  'i'he  composing  room  all'iuds  i  mueniences  tor 

ill  ■  |iublic  ollii  e  is  the  stock    room,  with  suHi-  ^i\teeu  lueii  and  tor  three    publications,  dail\, 


cr 


!  i 


\l 


,i/f'A'A;  Aiuur  A/A(;>/(i.v. 


m 


stini-wcLkly  and  weekly.  On  this  llour  iIkmc 
is  ,ils(j  a  large  room  for  bindery,  as  well  as  a 
Ijimiery  stock  roorii. 

•'On  the  fourth  lloor  there  is  a  lod^^e  iiall, 
50  \  53,  with  ante-rooms.  Kvery  one  of  the 
working,'  departments  is  indepentlent  of  the 
other,  all  opening  into  the  main  hall,  so  that 
they  are  reached  with  the  greatest  facility. 
'I'his  facility  is  in(  reased  hy  modern  systems. 
Warehouse  telephones  throughout  the  liuild- 
ing,  and  basket  carriers  convey  copy  from 
front  to  rear  of  the  building  on  both  floors. 
The  system  of  heating  is  direc  t  and  indirect, 
l)y  steam;  ventil.itioii  is  elTected  bv  a  fan 
worked  by  electric  motor,  which  dr.tws  the 
air  down  to  the  itasemenl  and  e\pels  it.  The 
lighting  is  by  combination  gas  and  electric  ity. 
An  elevator  carries  type-''orms  and  other  lieavy 
materials  from  lloor  to    .  >or. 

"The  interior  construction  is  of  iron,  the 
first  of  the  class  in  Kingston.  The  ceilings 
are  all  of  slanijied  iron,  in  handsome  p.iih'ls 
and  designs.  The  lloors  are  double,  with 
h  ird  wood  polished  for  upper  surface.  The 
plumbing  is  exposed,  and  like  the  rest  of  tlie 
eipiipuieni  and  plans  — uj)  to  date.  A  stand- 
jiipe  furnishes  water  for  fire  hose  on  each  llat 
in  the  h.ills. 

"The  Whig's  large  circulation  (for  a  local 
paper)  has  enabled  it  to  prosper  and  thus 
secure  comfortable  quarters,  and  few  of  those 
who  know  the  industry  of  the  staff,  as  well  as 
the  energy  they  apply  to  business,  will  envy 
them  the  distinction  and  comfort  that  the 
building  affords.  The  'Whig'  may  not  un- 
reasonably claim  the  handsomest  and  most 
complete  newspaper  buikling  in  Canada.  Its 
descrii)tion  may  be  interesting  to  other  pub- 
lishers, as  showing  some  new  ideas  as  the  re- 
sult of  study  and  practical  test. 

"The  present  publisher  began  as  city  re- 
porter at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  eight  years 
later,  after  managing  the  pai>er  for  several 
years,  [lurchased  it  for  §7,500,  entirely  ujion 
credit,  without  a  dollar  of  capital  or  financial 
backing.  His  success  has  been  steady  and 
substantial.  He  saw  the  necessity  of  new  de- 
l).ir(ures.  and  the  paper  underwent  a  complete 
change.      Its    identity   in  journalism    became 


more  marked,  its  opinions  more  aggressive,  its 
political  iiitltience  more  potent  .ind  direct. 
.\s  the  exponent  of  l.iber.il  principles  it  is 
credited  with  being  largely  instrumental  in 
educating  the  peojile,  so  that  p.irties  became 
more  evenly  balanceil  than  ever  before.  Mr. 
I'ense,  in  short,  is  a  born  journalist,  and  he 
has,  in  the  exercise  of  a  reasonable  .imbition 
and  by  a  i>ersistency  of  purpose,  made  'I'he 
Whig  one  of  the  best  papers  in  Canada.  Its 
I  ire  ul.ition  and  its  usefulness  have  been  in- 
(  reased  tenfold;  with  every  de|)artment  of  the 
business  he  is  familiar.  In  editorial  as  well 
as  practical  work  he  is  expert.  JCverv  advan- 
tage he  has  gained  is  the  legitimate  result  of 
energy  and  ability.  In  >ome  sense,  therefore, 
lie  is  a  representative  Canadian  in  the  fourth 
estate. 

"Withal,  none  has  led  a  more  active  public 
life.  l''or  live  years  he  served  as  .in  alder- 
man, and  when  elected  mayor  was  the  yoium- 
est  man  who  h.ul  tilled  the  position.  He  sat 
for  six  years  on  the  public  school  board,  and 
was  twice  given  the  chairmanship.  lie  has 
served  thirteen  ye.irs  on  the  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute Hoard,  and  for  two  years  as  ch.iirman. 
lie  has  been  president  of  the  \'i)ung  Men's 
Liberal  Club  for  seven  years;  is  the  i)resi(lent 
of  the  Kingston  Reform  .Vssociation  and  of  St. 
Cieorge's  .Society,  being  recalled  for  the  third 
time  since  1878;  was  president  of  the  Kingston 
Lacrosse  Club  for  many  .'iclive  seas(uis,  as 
well  as  of  sever.d  other  clubs;  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Kingston  ,\thleti(  Association; 
was  master  of  Minden  Masonic  Lodge  in 
iS7San(l  1S79:  has  been  warden  of  St.  J.imes' 
Church,  and  lay  delegate  to  the  Synod  of 
Ontario  for  over  fifteen  years,  and  has  been 
lirominent  in  church  building  and  in  creating 
parochial  improvements;  conducted  the  nego- 
tiations whi<  h  led  to  the  settlement  of  the 
medical  co-etlucation  difticulties,  and  was 
l)resident  of  the  Kingston  Women's  Medical 
College,  the  first  of  the  order  in  Canada;  is  a 
life  governor  of  the  Kingston  deneral  Hos- 
jiital,  and  while  chairman  in  1892  and  1893, 
]iromoted  several  new  buildings  and  general 
improvements;  was  president  of  the  Canadian 
Press  .Association  in  1881-2,  when  the  enjoya- 


f 


X 


394 


./     si;/    ;/,\/A'    (//      ////■.    >/.    /,  ///  A7;.\(  V-    A//  /-.A'. 


1)K'   i-\(  iii?>iciii    mill    M.iiiiliili.i    iM(iiinil.    .iiul  |)iiiiii;lii    liiin  ,1-,  .in  ,ic  in  r    inwiukii    intu    ,ill 

I'rii^o    Sl.iliDii  \v,ii    ii.imcil    in    iiirini)i\'  u|    ihr  liir  liL'st  yiinMli  .iinl  lilr  i>l  iii'iiliiii    Kmi;>l<in. 

\i^il.      Ik'    has   li.iil  ,1  uiirkinj;    |i.iil    in    ist.ili-  No  inovcmrni  tluTr  «  liic  li  ,i|i|k' lU  In   ilir    lin- 

lisliin;;   llic  lU'vv  (l,ii:y  and  vclciinaiv    s(  honU,  nianiiarian,   tlu'     ail\  aiici'iiv.'iil      nl     lln'    iiivs 

as  chairman  of  the  ciiinmitlL'i.';   hfis|Mil  |iio-  inlcic-.l>  alnn^  ihr  lim^  ul    (hiistian    i  iiiKmn  • 

]H  irliii.niil  iiii'siiirnl  of  ( 'ai  no\  skvW'inid  \\  di  k-  or^,  1  ir  nf  hi^h  imlihi    iinprov  cnirnl.   ha:.  I, d  hi  I 

in;4    ('o.;    is  a  \  i(  r- pri'sidcnt    I'f   ihr    KniLi^lnn  In  rnniniaiid  the  si:|i|iiiil  of  hi>  nru  ^|  ia|iri  aiui 

Inlants'  lloim':   and  yrl   wilhal    he   has   neviT  tlu'    hest     |i(asonal    illotis    of    hini-rh        V.w- 

(  anwissfd    |)crsonall\'  Inr  au  oIIh  c,  sa\c  iiu'V-  d.mllv  hr  is  worlhv   of   all  thr  siin  o^  and  ihr 

llaliJv  for  ihr  ( 'il\    ('oiimil."  hi^h  honois    lirslou'cd    npon    him.  Inr    he    has 

He  has  ,i|i|KMi\'il  til  the  « laUT  as  .a    in.innl  |iro\on    himself     ,1    safe    and    lionni'.diic    and 

jifLMl    carncstiu-^s    of    imiposc.      Steadily    ap-  lalenled  man — enlireK   de\  ol'il  to  his    nevv^- 

pioai  hinj;  the  end  he  h.is  in  \  iew,  ^oveiau-d  ,il-  iiaper,  his    f.imiU,  .uid  lo    KiiiLi^tnn.      Sm  h    a 

wavs  hv  the  strictest  intej;rity,  and  enlerl.iininii  man   should  he  lriM>urid    -we  feel  c|iiile  suie 

hi^h  itle.ds  a.s  to  what  .1  newspaper  as  well    as  he  is    appreeialed    in    the  1  ily    "\    Ins    n.uivity 

Us    editor    oii;;ht     to    lie.      'I'hese    trails    have  .iiul  uf  his  liesi  ambitions. 


i 

pi 

p 


CARLETO 

,\  N      II 1  I    A  I ,      -  I 

O  TAXniNCi  on  the  peninsul.idike  head  of 
^■-^  I'arleton  Isl.ind,  so  n.imeel  in  luuiiir  of 
Sir  l'iii\  C!arleton. —  .ifieru.ird  Lord  |)iir- 
I  hesler,  on  what  w.is  known  in  177.S  as 
"  ("io\ernment  I'oint,"  is  the  summer  resid.ellre 
of  Mr.  W.  (  ).  Wvi  kinr.  i'resideiit  uf  the 
Wyekolf.  Se.iiiKiiis  \'  lieiieiliet  C'ompans,  ot 
N\'W  York,  heller  known,  jierhaps,  from  their 
innneition  with  the  mannf.ieture  of  theiele- 
hr.iled  Remington  Typewriter.  To  this  resi- 
dence he  lias^iven  the  very  .ip|iiopriate  name 
of  Cirleton  N'ill.i.  lis  situation,  fur  m.my 
re.isons,  would  he  diffieult  to  improve.  In 
Its  immediate  front  llie  hroad  exjianse  of  the 
.•\meiiean  hr.ineh  of  the  St.  Lawrence  divides 
into  two  ch.mnels  of  more  than  a  mile  each 
in  width,  llowini;  awav  on  either  haral,  form- 
in-  two  beaulitiil  hays  which  afford  ample 
securitvfor  the  i)leasure-craft  moored  therein, 
natur.il  harbors  whose  ]iicturesipie  sliores  add 
mtieh  to  the  beauty  of  the  scene,  lying  on 
either  side  of  an  isthmus  whii  h  connects  the 
old  "Ciovernmenl  Point  "  with  the  mainland 
of  the  island  itself.  To  these  are  given  the 
names,  respectively,  of"  North  "  and  "  Soulli  " 
Havs.  In  front  o(  the  villa,  the  view  stretches 
out  on  the  vast  exi)anse  of  L.ike  Ontario.      To 


N    VILLA. 

M  M  I,  U      nil  M  F,. 

the  left,  one  gets  a  ple.lsant  \  iew  of  the  \ill,ige 
of  Cape  \'ini  eiil,  .ilmosi  hidden  in  .1  fnresl 
of  m.iples,  and  a  \iew  uf  the  m.imland  of  the 
.\merican  shore  for  miles  down  the  rivn, 
while  on  the  right  siretcho  .iw.iy  the  bro.nl 
expanse  of  Wolfe  Isl.md,  beyond  whiih,  in 
the  distance,  ;ire  pl.iinh'  seen  the  spires  ,ind 
lowers  of  the  cit\'  of  Kingston,  once  the  capi- 
t.il  of  (.".inada. 

jilst  b.ii  k  of  Us  rises  .1  steep  blillf  to  .1 
height  iif  some  si\tv  feet,  on  whii  h  .ire  the 
ruins  of  lorl  1  Lildimam!,  built  by  the  liritish 
in  177.*^;  and  which  w.is  captured  by  the 
.Xmericms  in  1S12.  (  )ne  hundred  .ind  fifteen 
ve.irs  ago  ihi^  w.is  a  biisv  pl.ice.  it  was  the 
most  import. uit  point  .ibove  .Montreal.  It  was 
the  great  naval  and  military  station  of  tiie 
lake  .mil  river.  So  gre.it  w.is  its  importance 
th.it  I''ort  Lronteiiac,  now  Kingston,  hitherto 
the  most  noted  of  any  jioint  above  Montreal, 
was  for  ye.irs  eiuirelv  neglected,  while  I'"ort 
Ilaldim.ind  and  the  n.ivy  yanl  which  it  jiro- 
teded  was  ,111  object  of  the  greatest  interest. 
The  liistor\'  of  Carleton  Isl.md  would  foim  a 
most  interesting  bit  of  old-time  leminiscence. 
if  written  by  itself;  but  it  mast  be  omitted  lor 
the  present.      Aside   from    the   interesting  his- 


r  i 


c:  I  A'/./:  vox  /■//./../. 


397 


tory  it  affords,  the  locality  is  one  to  be  chosen 
because   of   its   healthfulness.      There    is    no 
malaria.       The  air  is  pure  and  bracing  even  in 
the  midst  of  ib.L'  heated  term.     The  death  rate 
of   Cape  \'i;icent,  according   to   the    statistics 
found   in    the   report   of    tiie   State    lioard   of 
ireallli,  averages  only  eight  jier  i,ooo  per  an- 
num.    There  are  no  insect    pests.     Mosquitos 
are  unknown,  and  to  add  to  the  attractiveness 
of  the  location,  it  is  in  the  midst  of   the  Hnest 
fishing  in  the  world.     Muscalonge,  black  bass, 
pike  and  pickerel   abound   m   every  directicjn. 
It  is  an  ideal   home  for  a   sportsman.      Xuni- 
beriiig  down    the   river,  Carleton  \'illa   is  the 
first  of  the  'I'housand  Island  cottages,  and   in 
point  of  elegance  of  design  and  completenes,-, 
of  linish,  it  is  easily  first   among   all   the  sum- 
in.'r  palaces  on  the  river.      All  others,  includ- 
ing the  celebrated  "Castle  Rest"  and  "C.rev- 
slnne  \'illa,"   nuist  take   second   place.      In   a 
brief  article,  as  this   must   necessarily  be,  it   is 
by  no  means  easy  to  convey  a  verv  ( lear  ( (in- 
ception of   this  elegant   structure,  and  hence 
an  outline  must  suftice. 

Till-;  \'ii.i..\. 
Imagine  a  building  102.7    •>■>    length  by  7,:;..S 
feet    wide,   and    four   stories    in    height,    with 
huge  bay  windows  on  each  side,  giving  a  cruc:i- 
form  effect  to  the  general  i)lan.     Great  crvpts 
of  cellars  extend    underneath  the  entire  struc- 
ture.     Here  is  a  gas-mom.  fitted  with  one  of 
Terrill's  ei|uali/ers,  which  sujjplies   illuminat- 
ing gas  to  every  pari  of  the  house;  an  extensive 
laundry  with  all  its  appurtenances;  a  huge  re- 
frigerator, with   room  for  a  ton  or  more  of  ice. 
Tiien  comes  the  furnace  room,  fitted  with  two 
heaters    furni'.heil    by    the    American     Boiler 
Com|)any;   then  there  i>  an    iron    Nho|i.  a  car- 
penter   shop,    a    coal    room,    a   ianned-gooiI> 
storeroom,    and   a    vegetable   cellar.      All  this 
in  the  basement.      In  the  rear  of  the  next  <ir 
first    fioor    is   the   servants'  dining-room,  (  011- 
nei  ted  at  this  ])oint  with  the   tower   by  one  of 
the  "bridge  rooms,"  of  whii  h   ihere  are  two. 
I  hen  comes  an  ample  kitchen,   16  x  20  feet  in 
si/e,   com|)letely    furnished,    as    are    also   the 
roomy   pantries  adjoining.      These  would  win 
the  heart  of  an\-  good   housekeeper  at  sight. 


The  M.mk  Hall 

is  elegance  itself.     It  is  a  room  si.xty  by  eigh- 
teen, extending  to  a  height  of  two  stories.     It 
IS  surrounded  by  a  gallery  resting  on   beauti- 
ful Doric  columns  below,  while  the  ceiling   is 
supported  by  forty  Corinthian    (olumns    dis- 
posed in  pairs,  connected  by  a  tasteful    balus- 
trade.      .Ml    these    column.s,    as    well    as    the 
entire  woodwork   of  the  house   excepting   the 
lloors,    are   of   whitewood,    elegantly    finished 
and  polished.     The  great  fireplace  in  the  hall 
is   a  marvel  of    simplicity   and  beauty.      The 
tiling  is  [.lain,  of  light  cream   color,  with  gilt 
molding;  engaged  columns  on  each  side  sup- 
port   a    heavy   entablature,   above   which    the 
great  chimney  is  enclosed  with  jjanel  work;  the 
whole,  exquisitely  finished,  as  it  is,  produces  a 
fme  fffect.     <  )n  the   south  side  of    the  hall   is 
the   library,  or,   as  it    is  familiarly  called,  the 
"den,"  a   sjiacious   room,  elegantly  fitted   uj) 
and  sujiplied  with  well-filled  book  cases,  writ- 
mg  tables,  and  in  fact  every  thing  that  adds 
to  the    comfort   and  convenience   of    such    a 
room.     The   lilirary   looks   out  on   the  broad 
I>orch,   and    commands   a    delightful    view  of 
ri\er  anil  lake. 

A(  ross  the  hall  is  the  spacious  dining-room, 
oval   in  shape  and   eighteen   by  thirty  feet   in 
si/e.      .\  [larlor  eighteen    by   eighteen,  is  also 
on  this  side  of  the  hall.     There  are  grates   in 
both     parlor    and    dining-room.      Extending 
across  the  entire  front  of  the  building  and  on 
its  south  side  as  farasthe  library,  is  the  grand 
porch,  about  twenty  feet  in  widdi.  supjiorted, 
as  is  the  whole  building,  on  a  massive  wall   of 
Couverneur    marble.       l-'our    heavv    granite 
Iiillars   support   the   roof   in    front,   while   the 
main  entrance  is  from  a  double  tlight  of  mar- 
ble   steps  beneath   an    archway  of    the  same 
material,  fifteen  feet  in  width,  Hanked  on  each 
side  by  a   marble  column   of    the   Corinthian 
luder.      The  whole  front   is    peculiarly  grand 
and   imposing.      The  lower   fioors  are  of  oak 
laid  in  cement,  while  all   the  iijiper   fioors  are 
maple,    deadened    with     the     same    material. 
The  w.dls  of   the  building  above  the   (louver- 
neur  marble  are  of   Portland  cement,  and  the 
entire  struc  ture  is  pr.actically  fire-proof. 


39'^ 


y/  S(>/  r/:\/A-  ()/■■  /■///:  s/:  /../;/ 7,7;. \v/-;  ri\-i:r. 


f 


'I'lir  SCI  ciiiil  lliior  contains  llic  family  incinis. 
all  i)f  uhi(  li  aic  en    siiilc.       liijin    llic    sc(  nnd 
ll'idi-  up,  (iiicl  \\in(l(ius    i:iMcc    ilic    corners  of 
llic  main  iuiiltlini;,  and  troni  cvcr\   room  llicrc 
i>  a  i)cautifiil  view.      Ivu  h  room  lia->  that   one 
thing  (.lcarc-,t   to  a  wonian'^    licaii  —  an  ample 
closet.        l-.lcgant    bath-rooms   ahoiiml   c\er\'- 
\\hcre.         I'iie    f'nrnitiire     thronL^luuit     corrcs- 
poiids  with    the  linish  ..I    the    linilding;    l.ird>'- 
e\c  maple  hcin,-  picdominant.      N'othingdark, 
dull,    nor     i;loom\,       'I  he    >cr\anls'    sleeping 
aparlments    are    on   this    lloor,    in    the    rear   o| 
the  building.      Their  rooms  are  cpiallv  pleas- 
ant;  there    is   not    a    forbidding   room    in    the 
whole  \illa.      The    gallery    already    mentioned 
i--  on  this  ll-ior.  and  fr':m  it  and    the  \c>iil)ule 
cveiy   chamber,    c\i  cpt    the   servanls'    room-^, 
i>reaclu-d.      The    dnrd  llo(n'    is    o( a  iipied    by 
the  guest  cliambers,  ,  11  linishcd  and  furni--hcd 
in    ilu'    elaborate     si\le    which     charai  teri/cs 
cvcrv  other  part  of  the    house.      In  the  fourth 
-lory  aie  great  store-room--,  though  its  i  loun- 
iiig  glory  is  a  splendid   billiard-room  with   all 
its  appurtenances,  available    for  either  a  game 
ot  l-'rench    c.iroms  or  of  pool.      lleginning  in 
rcir   of    the   gre.il    hall   below,  a  broad  oaken 
sMir-cnse  winds    itswav    to    the    lloiu^  abo\c 
bv  easy  ^tage■^  and  roomv  landings.      Chande- 
liers   and    gas    ri\tiires     abound    c\er\  where. 
Once  lighted,  the  building  uill  seem  as  if  i||n. 
mill  lied. 

Separ.ite  from  the  main  building  i^  a  tower 
III  feet  in  iKight.  .md  i()\i6  Iccl  ,it  il^  ba-.e. 
'I'lie  basement  rooui  ol'  the  tower  (  ontains 
the  pumping  engine  which  semU  the  water 
in'.o  the  great  t.mks  above,  whence  it  reaches 
evervpirt  of  the  building  .\bo\e  this  is  .i 
Work-room,  and  then  ccune  the  great  ualer- 
'aiiks  store  I  with  more  than  twaj  liundied 
barrels  of  water.  'I'he  towir  i^  <  onnected 
with    the    main    building   b\-    two   i)ridL!e-,.   on 


each    of  whi(  h    is   au  cIcl;  int    room    faivaliarls- 
designated  as  the  "  bridge  mmu.  " 

I'uriiig  the  lailiie  --ea-oa  biilliant  ga>-lights 
will  burn  in  the  obseivalory  of  the  lower 
every  night,  and  il  u  il  not  be  long  ere  iln  \ 
\\\\\  become  .i  uell  known  -ignal  lo  liie  lake 
nasigaloi-.  l''roui  this  obsrivatorv  ,it  the 
summit  of  ilu'  tiiuer  one  ol  tln'  unist  dcliuhl- 
tiil  \'iews  of  kdsc.  ri\cr  and  ~hore  is  obtainable. 
1  he  \  illage  ol  (  'ape  N'incciit,  three  inilc^  aw.iv. 
^eem-.  to  be  clo-,e  .it  li.llid.  while  the  spiit'S 
.111(1  towers  ol  Kinu^toii,  ten  miles  .iw.iv  as  ihe 
I  rin\  tbe-.,  -stand  ile.irh'  in  view.  It  is,  in- 
deed, ,1  (harming   pio>pei  t. 

'I'liroughoiit  the  intire  buildiiv^  the  win- 
dows .ire  of  he.uy  phite  glass,  and,  indeed, 
there  i-.  iioihing  l,ii  king  in  any  spot  or  jilace 
ihai  (Mil  be  in  any  way  (onducive  lo  the  com- 
loii  of  I  iilur  the  I'amib  or  it-  gue^l--,  that  has 
not  bei  n  iho  iglu  of  and  sn|jplied.  I  he  leini 
"  palatial  "  has  become  \er\  (ommini.  as  ap- 
plied to  (Aerytliing  .iiiKUig  the  'I'housand 
NlamN,  Irom  ,i  steam  \  .k  hi  up  to  ,i  Miiunna 
residence,  luK  to  "Carletiui  X'lll.i  "  the  teiiii 
applies  will]  all  that  it  signifies. 

Mr.  W\a  Km  I  niav  well  be  jiroiid  of  his 
■■uniiiier  luMii'',  not  onlv  beciuse  of  its  (jiiiet 
and  sub^t.mtial  (  leg.mce.  but  be(  au>e  il  alioids 
delight  to  others,  in  thai  il  appe.iK  to  their 
truest  artistii  ■iiNiim  Is  bi  (  ause  of  its  h.iniKUiv 
ot  prop(Utioii  .iinl  of  I  (ilor.  deiiKui^tr.iliiig  the 
l.ii  t  th.it  ^tiiii^lli,  solidil\  ,ind  mas>i\eriess 
ina\    be  .ilso  gr.icefiil. 

.\s  a  setting  to  the  gre.il  larm  which  lies 
Ikk  k  of  it,  .md  the  steading  near  at  hainl.  it 
luirmoiii/e--  well.  It  is  not  the  larm  house,  of 
coiir-^e.  but  il  i--  a  lilting  farm  residence  tor  an 
.Viiua  i(  ,111  gtiiilem.in  of  means  whose  bro.id 
domain  lic-s  .iroimd  him.  and  who  delights  in 
pissing  ,it  least  .i  portion  of  iiis  time  thereon 
in  rur.d  pleasures. 


\. 


LA  SALLE. 

Tn    i6|,^,    at    Rouen,    in    Fran(  e.  w.u    born  latter  atti\    being  the    name  (.f, in    estate   near 

Robert   C:avalier,  belter    known    bv  the  desig-  k(nien.  belonging  to  the  C, nailers,      llisedu- 

iialion    of  Li   Salle.      His    name    in    full    w.is  (  ition  wis  liberal,  and  he  earlv  manfested  the 

RcuK'-Roberl  Cavalier,  Sicur  de  la  Salle  —  the  traits  which  afterwards  made  hiin  so  illu.slrious. 


•^ 


i 


/../  S.I/././:. 


401 


lie  was  ,1  Catliolii   in   t'ailli,  and  a  niu-nibcr  of  cm  New  York,  who  had  already,  notwithstaiid- 

tlie  order  of  Jesuits.     He  liad  an  elder  brother  in^   their  other  vast   jiossessions  in   America, 

in  Canada,  and  tliis  fact  doiihtless   sliajied  his  i)egan    to  feel  a  desire  to  possess  Canada,  and 

destinies,  for  in  the  si)ring  of  1666,  in  iiis  j^d  thus  extend  their  swav — as  it  is  seen  to  dav— 

year,  we  (Ind  him  in  Canada,  wiiere  the  Semi-  from    Newfoundland  to  the  Northern    Pacific 

nary  of  St.  Suljiice.  a  cor])oration   of   l''rench  and  Arctic   Oceans.      In    I,a   Salle    thev   pcr- 

|)riests,  had  already  made  a  settlement    under  ceived  a  younu'  man  nf  fine  .ipiicarance,  eager 


^^^/fneam^i.-^ 

u^SMB^i 

C^HHHRl^ 

f..- .    "..-"■■'  •■lU 

TO.    V"\V"<'-  -.-^ 

V 

i 

mm^ 

L 

A 

ssiasw\if^  ~ 

'  ■  KmiM, 

'yHSuSJ^BBL-                  \       ^^HR 

/li'i/' tt^^^BIBKRI^K  ''                V    ^ ^^H^Hs' 

JHP  ' 

•?iee.       m^KKmSM  ^fVTi' 

.V;.-^.:;;; 

mfmm 

'■■;  J;--;--; 

YmKifML.  ^^ 

I  'W^% 

^ 

..r-"-.-'.  '       JE 

^^'^'^W's-   ■  \-^^^9m 

i^'  '^ '"  --\'-if 

\ 

'^■:%    M 

-    ^-^i.^ 

1 

;'-"•; 

■•.s-jBj 

■              iSig^             "•- 

^K^- 

mmmmk 

\   ^<a 

^^^^^P^Bfl^l^S^       ^^H 

^^ 

> 

^^^^^^«|^^E^s^^H^^k           ^^1 

\ 

-^^^^^^^^B^^^^E^^^^B^^s^^w       ^l^^l 

F 

^A 

-^^^^^^g^B^^^^^j:    pl^P 

W' 

^^^^S^^Kl^X      -'' 

""^^Hl^^^^w-  ^''" 

'^^^  "^^^^-^^ " 

rUK    CllKVALlKK    I. A    ^Al.LK. 


very  extensive  landed   and   pro|)rietary  grants      for  just   such  an    engagement  as  these  priests 
from   the    French    king.      'These    priests   were      desired  to  make,  whici 


1  was  tn  procure  a  man 

in  gre.it  termr  continually  from  the  iroipiois  of  energy  and  military  capacity  who  would 
Indians,  who  had  lately  been  severely  cdiastiseil  lead  any  body  of  armed  men  they  coidd  raise 
li\-    Coursell,     the   (iovernor   of    Canada,   and      to  defend  Montreal,  and  the  settlements  there- 


ll'.eir  hate  w.is  u!d)ouiule(l 


inanist  the 


h 


sluMulaled,  ilou.jtlesu,  by  the  English  in   Kast- 


abouts,    from    the    dreaded    Iro 


Ih 


ey 


1,1  b.dle  a  large    tract  uf  land    nine  uules 


402 


.■/  s<ur/-xiK  o/'  /■//!■■  s r.  /..nr/</:\t  i:  av/v-.a'. 


mIidm'  MoiUIimI,  lln.'ir  .11  I  ii.ii  (iiilpii^l  ol  (  i\il- 
i/.ituill,  uIikIi  i>  niiu  kiiiiun  ,i^  I,;i  CliiiU', 
al)()\c  ilu;  t;ro,ii  i.ipiiN  nt"  tli.ii  name.  La 
S.ilk'  (.'iUi.'rL'(.l  iiiiiiii  tin-  iiii]iri)vcnirnl  ol  liis 
l.n'nc  domain,  ami  l)CL;,ni  to  sell  liis  acres  lo 
■-m  I'  as  liL'  (  iHild  nidiii  r  to  join  him. 

I'liat  this  \0nn4  111. Ill  had  i.(iiiu'  to  Cmad.i 
with  ,1  >fttlL'd  |iiii  piwc  ill  \icw,  now  ln'j^an  to 
\w  apjiarfnt.  I  If  ln.'L;an  tn  ^ludv  the  liK'ian 
(h.iln  ts.  ilrinniL'd  in  a>  hr  was  ii\  thi'  i;rL'at 
.ind  a;i|Mrrntlv  inliM  iniii.ihlo  forests  whii  h 
siinoniuK'd  the  ]palis.idr  he  iiad  elected  for 
detente  at;.iinst  ,111  Indian  .iltac  k,  lii>  fertile 
mind  went  he\(ind  hi^  11. mow  eiuironmenl. 
Iievond  e\',n  the  ure.it  ii\er  which  roared  .ind 
tietted  npoii  one  side  of  hi>  domain,  and 
soared  wislward  and  -oiilhward  tow.irds  an 
easier  w.iy  to  Chin. I  ami  j  ipan  than  liad  as  yet 
lieen  attained,  .'-lo  imperfect  at  tli.it  tiiiii'  were 
e\'eii  edm  ited  people's  ide.is  ,is  of  the  earth's 
j;eo!;r.iphy.  lli.ii  l,a  .'^.ille  did  not  understaiul 
that  the  countries  lii>  enterpri-inj;  mind  would 
re.icli  were  upon  the  other  side  of  the  globe, 
tlioa,aniU  of  miles  aw. i\'.  ( )ii  one  occasion 
he  w.is  \  isited  li\'  a  liliid  of  the  .Sellei  a  1  ro- 
(piois.  w  ho  told  him  of  a  river  i  ailed  the  ( )hio, 
ri^iiiL;  ill  their  loiintrv,  wliic  h  llowed  sf)iith- 
w.ird  into  the  se.i.  I.,i  Salle  .it  once  con;  ei\e(l 
the  ide.i  tli.it  this  _L;re.it  ri'.er  must  need.,  tlow 
into  the  (iulf  of  ( "alift)rnia.  and  thus  he  <  (Uild 
I'liul  what  his  soul  was  on  the  to  olit.iin  —  a 
western  p.issat^e  to  China.  1 1  is  resolution  w.is 
soon  formed.  CJhtainiiiL;,  I'lrsi,  the  consent  ol 
the  j^oveniors  of  the  semin.iry  to  the  enterprise 
he  had  in  hand,  he  sold  to  them  his  lands  near 
I. a  Chine,  in  order  to  r.iise  needed  money  for 
his  enteritrise,  the  whole  expense  of  which 
was  to  lie  borne  bv  himself.  He  purchased 
four  l.ir.ne  (  anoes.  aiui  eiig.i.ned  fourteen  men. 
<  >n  the  6tli  of  Julv,  r6;o,  he  set  out  upon  his 
double  expedition  for  eNplor.itioii  and  the 
purchase  of  furs  from  the  Indi.ins.  We  can- 
not follow  his  fdotstcps  with  the  iiertinac  it v  of 
I'.irkman,  w  ho-e  excellent  history  is  before  us, 
and  c.in,  .it  the  best,  onlv  uenerali/e  the  sub- 
seipieiit  career  of  this  great  explorer. 

I'liiriv-fne  da\s  after  le.iving  l.i  Chine,  tlie\' 
re.ic  lied.  Irondequoit  I!.i\'.  on  the  south  side  of 
Lake  (mt.irio.      Here    the\"  remained  ,1  nioiilh 


01  more,  .ind  on  the  -'4tli  of  Sipteinberwere.it 
an  Indi.m  \ill.iue  onl\  1  feu  miles  north  ot 
the  pie>eiil  1  iiy  ot  li.imilion.  'I'hese  Indians 
]iioved  more  frieiulK  th.iii  those  upon  the 
south  shore  of  the  Like,  iiid  promised  to  show 
L.i  S.ille  .1  more  <lirei  t  10, id  lo  ihe  (  )liio.  ll 
w.is  here  he  met  I, mis  biliel.  a  voting  m.m 
of  about  his  own  .lue,  .ind  .iNn  .111  explorer. 
He  ii.ui  cdine  from  the  sduihu fst,  tlie  \eiy 
region  l.i  S.ille  u.is  striving  to  leaih.  I'.iion 
bad  sent  joliet  to  explore  the  copper  mines 
of  L.ike  Superior.  Chis  meeting  c.iused  ,1 
(  liaiige  of  La  S. die's  pi, ins.  lor  Joliet  showed 
him  a  m.ip  of  the  region  he  himself  li.id  ir.iv- 
ersetl,  including  Like  Superior  and  the  Cir.iiul 
kiv.r.  Steji  bv  st,'p  j.i  S.ille  moved  wesl- 
w.ird,  spending  iiinch  time  with  the  Lidi.iiis, 
,111(1  •  i.'sjo-;!  he  li.id  emb. irked  on  Lake 
Lrie  oesceiided  tlie  i)etroit  to  Lake  Ilnroii, 
coistedtlu'  shores  (if  Lake  .\ii(hig.in,  p.issed 
the  str.iils  of  .M.ickiiiaw,  afterwards  re.iching 
a  river  with  a  southwestern  llow  (the  Illinois). 
\vhi(  h  took  him  into  the  .M  ississippi,  and  he 
may  be  s.iio  to  have  been  the  l"ir  t  white  man 
iipiiii  that  mi:4hly  .ifiLieiit  in  its  upiier  region. 
it  is  (1, limed  by  sonu'  tli.it  he  aUn  disidveied 
the  ()hiii;  but  if  so,  he  never  des( ended  it  ,is 
far  as  its  juiK  tion  with  the  .Mississippi.  He  un- 
doubtedly preceded  Joliet,  but  Imlh  L.i  S.ille 
.and  l-'idiitenai  .  his  arikni  supporter,  believed, 
as  late  as  1672,  tli.it  the  Mississip]ii  llowed  di- 
re(  tly  south  into  the  Ciulf  of  C.iliforni.i,  and 
tli.it  it  thus  .iffiirdi'd  in  re.ilitv  a  dirt  (  t  <  (in Heel- 
ing link  to  the  I'.u  it"ic  Ocean,  across  whi(  h 
they  Well  knew  Were  China  and  J.ipan. 

Circums(  I  ibed  ,is  our  limits  are,  we  are  1111- 
.ilile  to  follow  La  Salle  mm  h  furlher.  I'.irk- 
m,in  represents  him  .is  a  m.m  of  exir.iordinary 
determination,  full  of  virile  vigor,  with  ,1  sial- 
w.irt  I'r.ime,  and  with  so  eiil.irged  an  intelligence 
that  the  Jesuit  l''.i',liers  were  afr.iid  of  him. 
'I'liey  c.illed  hil'i  visionary,  and  unstable,  .ind 
su(  h  tliev  havi  alwavs  designated  those  who 
were  not  loval  to  their  teai  liings  or  brought 
fully  under  their  inlliieiK  e. 

In  I''ioiiienac,  however,  ilu'  ( 'av.ilier  de  hi 
Salle  had  ,111  iincom|iroiiiisiiig  and  devdted 
frientl.  'I'hus  f.ir  his  dream  li.id  been  of  a 
short    route    to   Chiii.i;   but  when   he  s.iw    the 


CO  (XT  I'ROX  /KX.IC 


405 


grand  possibilities  of  the  great  valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  with  the  illimitable  prairies  which 
we  now  see  mapped  out  into  Illinois,  Wiscon- 
sin and  Iowa,  with  the  imnunse  forests  that 
hue  both  sides  of  the  river  below  tlairo, 
where  the  Ohio  joins  the  Mississippi,  he  re- 
linipiished  as  somewhat  chimerical,  or  perhaps 
postponed  for  a  time,  his  idea  of  a  short  route 
to  C'hina.  'I'hen  it  was  that  he  resolved  to 
leave  frozen  I'anada  behind  him  torever,  and 
lead  a  I'lench  civilization  into  the  great 
I  ountry  he  had  discovered.  It  was  for  him  to 
<all  into  light  the  latent  riches  of  the  great 
Wot.  Frontenac,  with  whom  he  kejit  himself 
well  allied,  fa\()rcd  him  in  all  his  efforts. 
They  were  both  great  men,  and  both  deserve 
the  highest  commendation  in  historx.  They 
were  both  faithful  to  theii'  king  and  i''rance, 
and  their  discoveries  were  of  such  a  character 
as  to  make  every  human  being  in  America 
their  ilebtor. 

In  April,  i6.Sj,  after  many  adventures  and 
much  o|)posiiion  from  the  Jesuit  I'athers, 
much  struggling  with  Inilian  tribes  and  jiass- 
ing  through  great  dangers  and  heavy  toil,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississii)])!,  he  had  at  last 
the  satisfaction  of  proclaiming  "  Louis  Le 
drand,"  king  of  all  that  country  we  now  call 
Louisiana,  and  which  the  English  never  con- 
(piered,  but  came  ])eaceably  into  the  posses- 
sion of  tlie  United  States  by  friemlly  negotia- 
tion  and  purchase. 

Li  16S3,  somewhat  broken  in  health,  he  de- 
scended to  ()uebec  and  sailed  for  France. 
Arrived  at  court,  this  student  and  recluse  in 
his  youth,  but  backwoodsman  in  his  matured 
manhood,  had  to  encounter  the  risks  of  a  pre- 
sentation to  Royalty  and  to  make  headway 
against  the  intrigues  and  jealousies  which 
always  surround  a  king.  Louis  XI\'.  how- 
ever, ajjpreciaied  him,  but  the  best  that  could 
be  done  for  him  was  to  give  him  a   divided 


command  in  .America,  which  he  was  to  share 
with  Beaujen,  the  jealous  and  incompetent. 
On  July  i.Sth,  1684,  he  wrote  to  "his  most 
homued  mother"  that  he  was  about  to  sail 
with  four  vessels  and  four  hundred  men.  This 
vo\age  to  .America  w.is  principally  passed  in 
disputations  with  lieaujen,  and  when  they 
landed  at  St.  Domingo,  more  than  half  of  the 
people  on  the  vessel  were  lunstrated  with 
fever,  among  them  being  La  Salle.  He  soon 
recovered,  however.  Proceeding  upon  their 
journey  ilu-y  disembarki'd  ai  Matagorda  liay, 
thinking  it  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Missis- 
sipjji.  [{ere  the  .Vmaible,  the  ship  which  con- 
tained nearly  all  their  provisions,  uas  wret  ked. 
.As  we  h.ne  only  imperfectly  followed  him 
thus  far,  and  havt;  only  but  slightly  sketched 
the  character  of  this  great  man.  we  must  make 
short  work  of  the  matters  that  led  up  to  his 
death.  While  upon  a  journc\  ol  explor.uion, 
anxiously  desiring  to  better  the  1  imdition  of 
the  parly  whom  he  was  trying  to  lead  out  of 
trouble,  as  I'arkman  graphicallv  expresses  it, 
"a  shot  was  fired  from  the  grass  iiisiantl}'  fol- 
lowetl  by  another,  which  pierced  tiirough  his 
brain,  and  La  Salle  dropped  dead."  Doubt- 
less he  was  killed  by  a  wretch  who  had  be- 
come disobedient  and  insolent,  and  whom  La 
Salle  had  been  compelled  to  rebuke.  'I'hus 
died  at  the  early  age'  of  forty-three,  Robert 
Cavelier  de  la  Salle,  one  of  the  greatest  men 
of  his  age,  and  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  I'xplorers  whose  names  live  in   history. 

His  firmness  and  his  courage  would  have 
left  a  more  marked  impression  u|)on  his  time, 
and  he  would  have  been  better  able  to  com- 
pletely carry  out  his  grand  i)lans  of  creat- 
ing in  .America  .1  \ew  I'rance.  had  he  been 
less  imjierious  and  haughty  in  his  manner,  and 
less  harsh  to  those  under  his  (omm.i:.d,  which 
at  last  drew  upon  him  an  implacable  hatred, 
and  caused  his  death.  j.  a.  11. 


COUNT  FRONTENAC 

W.\s  i)erhaps  the  most  remarkable  man  ever  he  rose  equal  to  every  emergency  that  con- 
representing  the  court  of  France  in  the  new  fronted  him.  His  whole  career  was  one  of 
world.      From   very   unpromising  beginnings,      conllict,  sometimes  petty  and  personal,  some- 


406 


^/     Ml/    l/:\/U    ill-      llll:     Si.     l..\WI<l\tl      l<l\IR. 


tiincN    iiuolviiij;    the    i^rcilfst    i()iiM'i|urii(  is.  nrw  Iv  wrdded    |i.iii     «;is    shiiit.       I'liu    wife's 

Under    I'Voii'icnac   occurred    ilu'  lust   ^frimi-^  lii\c    somi   (  li,mj;cd    lu   ,ivrrsii)n,   wliicli   con- 

rolli^ioii    l)etW'i'fn     I', ii -1,1  nd    ,iiid     I'r.iiu c    in  tiiiurd  cmii  .\\W\  \\v  liirth  ol'  her  ^on. 

AiiU'ri(  ,1,    wliitli    iua\    iie   s.iid    id    li.ue    hfcii  ('nunt    I'roiiten.ic   c, line  of   md    aiic  ieiit  and 

tile  opening   of    a   urand   sclienii'    of  niiliiirv  nolile  raci',  said  to  lia\i' been  of  I!as(iiie  ori|;iii. 

occiiliation.   designed    to    hold    in    iIum  k    the  At  the  a-^^  of   fil'uen  thr  voiinj;    I.oiii^  showed 

industrial  elforts  of  the  hav^lish  i njonies.     All  a  dccicl'd    |i.i-.-<iiin    for    the    lilc   of   a    soldier. 

lii>  later  enerj;ies  were  directed  to  iMakiiiLi  ill  U  lie  served    in    Holland    iiiider   the    I'rince   ol 

scheme   iiossible.       I'he  enntein]ioraneoiis  hi-.-  (  )iMni;e.      I  le  \va^  at  the  sie^e  of  1  le^din.      lie 

tory  of  those  times,  so  alily  |ire|iared  li\   I'ark-  wa^  at  Arras  ami   at    Aire,  as   well    as   at    t'd- 

iiian.  shows  how  valiantlv  New  iMaine  battled  lioiire    and    I'erpinnan.      At    twent\-thrii-    he 


IM    N  I     I  U.iNI  I  NAC, 


against  a  fati'  whic  h  her  own  lai  k  of  organiz- 
ing ea|iaiity  made  imn  itable.  The  drama 
was  a  j^reat  and  signitnanl  oiu-.  enacted 
amidst  untamed  forests,  largely  b\'  men  who 
had  been  reared  in  Franc  e.  and  some  of  them 
fa\orite  courtiers  of  the  I'rench  king.  The 
wife  of  t!ount  I'rontenac  was  Anne  di;  la 
(Jrange-'l'rianon.  She  was  born  at  V'ersailles, 
and  grew  nj)  a  favorite  companion  of  M  idem- 
ioselle  de  Montpensier,  the  favorite  grand- 
daughter of  Henry  IV.  She  was  married  to 
Fronten.ic  in    164S.     The    happiness   of   the 


w.is   Colonel  cif    the    N'orin.ilid\    legilllent.  and 
coinmamleil  it  in  the  Itali.in  1  .iinpaign. 

Ill  i'i7^  he  received  the  apiiointmeiit  of 
(io\ernor  and  I,ieutenant-(ieiieral  for  the 
kiiin  in  all  New  TraiK  e.  Notwiili>laiiding  all 
lii>  aliilit\-  a>  a  suldier,  it  wa>  court  gossip  that 
he  was  sent  to  Aineric  a  to  relieve  him  from 
the  uiihappv  relations  he  was  known  to  maiii- 
tiin  with  his  wife,  whose  temper  was  outrage- 
ous, (  arrving  herself  with  such  a  high  head 
that  her  best  friend,  Mademioselle  de  Mcjiit- 
pensier.     as  obliged  to  dispense  with   her  ser- 


11 


r 


■fcMfw^iaWMfcte^jgy^ 


l 


on  X  /    /•AV'A/A.A./r. 


409 


i| 


vices  lis  (iiic  of  lirf  111. lids  of  iioiior.      M.kI.iiii 
I'  I  on  ten. i(   (!(•(  liiiiii  to  .!( (  oinp.m)'  Irt  liiisliaiul 

,l(  lOiS   the    SlM. 

l'"roiiti'ii,u  w.is  fifty-two  years  of  a).',t'  wiieii 
lie  l.imled  ,it  (^)iulie( .  I'.iikiiian  says  tlut 
'■  li.KJ  ii.itiiie  ili'^|M)se(l  him  to  iiiei.iiu  luily, 
there  was  inui  h  in  iiis  iiosilion  to  awaken  it. 
.\  man  of  (oiirts  .mil  camps,  lie  was  l)anisheil 
to  I  he  eluU  I  p|  the  t'.irth.  anioiif;  sasage  lionles 
and  hall'-rei  Liimed  h)rests,  lie  e\i  hanneii 
tile  sjilendors  of  St.  jermain  and  \'er^.i,'les 
for  a  ,>tern  i;r,iy  roi  k,  h.iunlrd  li\'  somln'r 
j)rie>ts,  ruii^ed  men  lumt^  and  tr.iders.  i)lank- 
eted  Indi.ins  and  wihl  liusli-r.iiif^ers. "  It  was 
his  to  see  lliat  f^llehec  should  lie  m.ide  the 
r.ipil.il  of  ,1  ^reat  em|iire,  wiiii  h  should  lie 
trili'it.iry  to  distant  France.  lie  took  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  all  the  duties  of  his  new  iiositioii. 
It  was  a  strange  freak  of  his  that  he  should 
administer  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  every  per- 
son in  (Juehec.  On  the  23d  of  October, 
1672,  what  was  known  as  the  "Three  Ins- 
tates of  C.mad.i"  were  ((invoked  with 
considerable  pomp.  To  these  he  adminis- 
tered the  o.ith,  and  then  the  assembly  was 
diss(jlved.  This  very  act,  is,  in  brief,  a  strik- 
in<j  illustration  of  the  French  coloni.d  rule  in 
Can.ida.  It  was  a  gove"'iinent  of  excellent 
intentions,  but  of  the  most  arbitrar\-  methods. 
I'Vontenac  unwisely  set  himself  against  the 
prevailing  democr.itic  current.  The  arbitrary 
government  of  a  land  like  France,  where  the 
bourbons  who  "  learned  nothing  and  forgot 
nothing"  had  held  sway  so  long,  was  not 
adapted  to  a  new  country  where  jieople  from 
all  sections  had  come  to  accumulate  wealth, 
and  (as  in  all  new  countries)  were  ])Ossessed 
of  very  radical  ideas  of  personal  freedom. 

The  name  of  Frontenac  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  in  connection  with  our  own  (Ireat 
River.  Courselle,  his  predecessor  in  the 
(iovernorship  of  Canada,  had  begun  at  what 
we  now  call  Kingston,  a  fortification  large 
enough  to  receive  into  its  stockade  such 
refugees  as  might  desire  to  lly  to  a  i)lace  of 
comparative  safety  in  the  event  of  any  Iro- 
ipiois  invasion,  which  had  then  but  lately 
devastated  (Quebec,  and  caused  the  loss  of 
hundreds    of    innocent    lives.       Frontenac's 


.Itlelllion  W.I1  ^onu  directed  to  thl^  beginning 
of  ,1  fort,  ,ind  he  w.is  torliiii.ile  in  In. iking  the 
ai  cpiaintaiti  e  of  .1  young  m. in  uhn  h.ul  been 
ill  tile  employ  ol  the  p'teln  h  plie^l-,  .it  (^ile- 
be(  ,  and  had  re.ichrd  Kingston  on  his  wav 
westw.ird  lo  tr.ide  in  furs  .ind  in, ike  tlie  ex- 
]iloratioiis  w  lii(  h  were  \rt  to  m.ike  him 
I'.imous.  By  direction  ot  Ironteii.K,  l,.i 
S.dle  li.id  |)ri-\  ioiisl)'  gone  to  (  inmid.ig.i,  llie 
politic, il  (enter  ol  the  Iroipioii.  .md  invited 
the  great  men  ol'  th.it  ii.itioii  to  ,1  (  ouin  il  mi 
the  ll.iy  of  t,^Miiiite.  Ilefore  selling  out,  l,.i 
Salk'  hid  sent  the  new  (lo\eriior  ,1  m,ip 
re(  (Miiinending  as  a  site  for  the  proposed  Imt 
the  ]ioini  .It  the  nioiith  of  the  ( '.it.ii.upii,  now 
o(  (  iipied  b\'  the  present  grand  old  historii 
1  it\  (il  Kingston.  I'ronteii.ic  ax  ended  the 
St.  L.iwreiKe  ipiile  leisurely,  with  oi;e  hun- 
dred and  tuenty  ( .inoes  and  four  liiindrcd 
men.  I'.irkman  says  :  "Soon  they  re.u  hed 
the  Tliou->.in(l  Islands,  and  their  light  llotill.i 
glided  in  long  line  among  those  watery  l.ibv- 
rintlis,  by  rocky  islets,  where  perhaps  >oiiie 
lonely  pine  towered  like  .1  mast  against  tin- 
sk\  ;  by  sun-scorched  crags,  where  the  broun 
li(  lienscri>ped  in  the  parching  gl, ire  ;  by  deep 
dells,  shady  and  cool,  rich  in  rank  ferns, 
and  sponges,  d.uk  green  mosses  ;  by  still 
co\e,  where  the  w.iter-lilies  lay  like  snow- 
llakes  on  their  broad,  llat  leaves,  till  at  length 
the}'  ne.ired  their  go.il,  and  the  glistening 
bosom  of  Lake  ()ntario  opened  on  their 
sight." 

This  grand  llotilla,  jiiloted  by  Indians  in 
their  birch  canoes,  entered  the  broad  w.iter, 
passing  along  the  shores  so  tamiliar  now  as 
the  site  of  Port  Henry  on  one  side,  and  the 
"  West  Point  of  Canada,"  upon  the  other, 
reaching  at  last  the  point  of  land  where  the 
artillery  barracks  now  stand,  at  the  western 
end  of  Cataracjui  bridge.  Here  they  all  dis- 
embarked, and  here  were  subseciuently  laid, 
broad  and  massive,  the  foundation  of  wh.it  was 
subsecjuently  named  Fort  Frontenac  —  not  so 
named  by  the  Clovernor  himself,  but  by  the 
engineer  in  charge  of  the  work.      [See  pp.  28, 

It  is  at  this  point  that  La  Salle  coities 
prominently  into   public   notice,  especially  as 


4IO 


./  .si'/  ;/A/A'  ('/    nil:  SI.  1 .1  iiia  \(  I:  av/va'. 


tlu'  friend  of  I'lonliiKU  ,  u  luisi' caiHc  lu'  li.ul 
(■><|i()iisO(l  Mt  (JiU'hcc  (luring  tlic  f.imous  ipiMr- 
icU  Ixtui'cn  lilt-  new  (iuMMnor  .iml  llu- 
priests,  whom  u  c  ilex  rilic  fl^iu  lu'rc  .is  nud- 
(IK'souk'  and   c|iktuIoii>. 

It  is  a  1  urion^  liistoiii.d  fact  tliat  llu' old 
stone  fort  I'Tontcnac  was  Imiii  liv  I-a  Salle 
with  his  own  inoiu-v,  he  'ia\inj;  been  sent  to 
l-'ranee  li\  I'rontenac  with  Ktiei-.  of  the  high- 
est recoininendalion,  anil  the  Kin;,;  had  made 
to  him  a  urant  of  the  then  lort  (a  mere  slo(  k- 
atie)  a  trai  t  of  laiul  of  four  k'a;,:nes  in  from 
and  lialf  a  leai^ue  in  dejith,  iiuliulin;j,  lia' 
neii^hhoring  islands.  In  tonsideralion  of  this 
rii  h  grant,  I, a  Salle  coniiileted  the  fort,  armed 
it  .It  his  own  cxpenM',  ami  maintained  it  until 
near  the  tune  of  iiisileath,  when  it  re\erted  to 
the  King,  as  did  all  his  great  tract  of  hind,  if 
wi-  are  eorrei  tly  informed. 

Count  Frontenae  w.is  too  independent  and 
able  a  m.m  to  submit  iiuietly  to  the  opposi- 
tioii  ot'  the  priests,  who  <1, limed  by  both 
their  riglits  of  seigneurage  and  of  their  holy 
ol'i'u  e,  to  interfere  with  hi-;  :"ithori'\.  The 
most  \iolent  of  these  lie  arrested  and  (nn- 
tilled  in  |irison,  .md  was  in  the  i.nd  sust.iiiud 
by  his  King,  the  ipiarrel  luuing  been  referred 
to  J-'r.UK  e  lor  I'in.il  settlement.  Our  spa(  e,  as 
in  tiie  case  of  l.,i  S.ille,  does  not  permit  us  to 
more  th.in  glani  e  at  some  of  the  more  le.uling 
traits  and  performances  of  Irontenac,  whose 
abilities  were  ni.uked  .md  .a  ti\elv  developed 
in  the  new  I'leld  he  ii.id  entered  upon,  liiit 
there  w.is  jealousy  between  (Quebec  and  Mon- 
tie.il.  pKJiiioled  by  riv.il  fur  de.ilers  .iiul  sh.ired 
in  more  or  less  by  tiie  meddling  priests,  whose 
fingers  were  in  e\erybod\'s  |)ie,  and  llie  result 
was  that  in  theeiul  Ironlen.K  was  recalled  bv 
his  king.  l''or  se\en  years  he  w.is  idling 
around  the  I'rench  court.  liut  he  had  power- 
ful friends,  .md  his  wife,  who  seems  to  have 
been    more   aftection.ite   when  he   w.is  under  a 


cloud  thin  when  his  word  was  law  and  his 
sill  cess  .ippart'iitlv  assured,  became  his  mo.t 
p  nvertul  intrigante  .it    the  frem  h  i  oiirt. 

At  l.isi  ilir  King  perieived  that  he  had 
m.ide  ,1  mistake  in  recalling  l''ronten.u  ,  m.itlers 
111  ('.in.id.i  h.iving  gone  troni  bad  to  worse, 
iiniil  ai  lasi  his  ii.itience  was  exhausted,  .iiui 
lu-  asked  IronteiKu  to  again  ai  <  cpt  the  go\- 
ernorship.  The  ("oiint  w.is  then  sevent\  years 
of  age.  but  he  w.is  tired  of  inai  tion  and  ot 
the  |ietty  jcilousies  of  the  i  ourt  of  Ir.ince, 
,ind  lin.illv  .u  (  I'pted  tlu'  .iiipointment. 

We  h.ive  not  sp.icc  to  toilow  him  further  in 
his  adventurous  career.  lie  returned  to 
(Jiiebei  ,  but  Louis  .\  I  \'  had  already  enteied 
upon  his  ilrcline  from  being  the  Inst  inon.in  h 
of  i'.urope.  W'illi.im  of  Or.inge  was  i  oining 
to  the  I'roni  i  l-'.nglaiul,  .mil  before  his  jiidi- 
cious  pi, ins  and  energetic  managtiiient.  Ii.mce 
W.IS  soon  to  be  relegated  to  an  interior  position, 
to  lose  lur  possessions  in  Cmada,  and,  sa\e 
her  ever-f lithtiil  I.oiiisi.ina,  to  give  uii,  one  b\ 
one,  all  she  held  m  .\merii  a,  lint  the  i  ontesi 
was  not  ,111  imevi.iitl'nl  one,  though  the  laul 
W.IS  ine\ii,ible  from  ilie  fiist. 

In  November,  |6(^S.  l-'roiitenac,  worn  down 
bv  many  arduous  labors,  .mhI  in  liis  seventy- 
eighth  year,  was  taken  violently  ill.  ( >n  the 
2Stli  of  tli.it  month  he  died,  in  lull  possession 
of  .ill  his  f.iculties. 

.\s  will  be  seen,  the  poitr.iit  of  lliis  disliii- 
giiislied  m.iii,  whose  n.inie  iiiusi  lori'xer  be  in- 
separ.ibly  connecteii  witli  our  (ireat  River. 
W.IS  (  opied  from  .1  dr.iwing  m.ide  as  he  lay  in 
his  (  ofliii.  It  is  undoubtedly  ,i  I'.iiihful  por- 
traiture, and  we  .ire  indebted  for  it.  ,is  well  as 
for  thai  of  I. a  S.ille,  to  Dr.  NeiUon,  Deputy 
Siirgeoii-dener.il  of  (".inad.i.  .i  ripe  schol.ir,  a 
g. ill. lilt  otticer.  .Ill  ac(  oiniilisheil  historian  and 
archieologist,  ami  .i  true  geiitlem.in.  (See  his 
biographical  sketch,  p.  347- J  J.    \.  n. 


I 


T^  't- 


CENTRAL  PARK  HOTEL, 

"Thocsami   Isi  \n[)S,"  St.  I.wvKi.Mr.  Ri\ik.     (I'.  ( ).  S  i .  I.\\vkin(i.   I'akk.) 

t)ll\    I  Hum    |r\l-,   Hill    111   Sl-.ll  I.Mi;i  u    15111. 


siirrouiidcd      ii\      ;i 
^     \.\r''u   Mild    hiMiUitiil 


\IIW    l\    cl\iu\l     i\i;k,    vlluwINi.    ll>ilM      \Nh    l;.i\l     lli'l 


■^:^Vl^^^^^'J^'j>^^^^^^^y^--\:y    -      ■.-      -'^-'*-:>>^>y..  ;•■   :       lai-c    Iniv.t  tnvs    „t 

licc(  h,  iii.i|ilc,  <iak. 
|iiiic  a:)d  li(iiilci(k, 
,111(1  is  iiiiiiu'diali-lv 
(111  till'  l-.mk  cf  llu' 
ii\er. 

■|  he  l.iitcl  ,  lid 
park  arc  >itiiaic(l 
iiridw  a\  let  \v  c  c  11 
'I'liciiis  111(1  Island 
I'aik  and  Alexandria 

I'kIX  .     (Ill      the     ^(Mllll 

side  dl'  tlic  (  hannel, 
and  arc  ica(  lied  bv 
all  ilic  l(i(  al  stcaiiuTN 
(111  1  he  ri\('r.  and  is 
( ■<]ie(  iaily  noted  tor 
i'.s  luMiitit'iil  >lia(l\ 
j;ro\c-',  i|ui(t    walks, 

/JSTHIS   ihiL  hdtel  is  one  of  the  most  attr.K  -      interesting    siirKiiindinus.    and    I'reeddin    I'rdin 

^■^      ti\e    and    home-like    hotels  (.in    the  St.       n(ii-.v  interni|iti(ins. 

I,,nvr(ii(c  l\i\er.      The  sanitary  arranm'ments  No  resort  on  th(    ri\er,  or  ainoni^  tlK'iiiai(  h- 

are    iieilect;   the    hoii^e    is    suiiplied    with   an      less   'riioiisand    Ul.iiuN,  affords  satei    Ijontin;^, 

aliiiiid  iiK  e  of  water,   and    there   arc   hot   and      better  fisliinj;,  or  niore  (harming;  \  lews. 

cold  liailis  on   eac''  lloor  lor   Uulies  and  gen-  \V.\i,  l>.  Sol' ill  wok  1 11,  Manai^er. 

tienun. 

The  park  has  a  fine 

roadw  ay  to  the  main 

land,   givinu    opiior- 

tiiiiity    for    pleasaiu 

drives  in  ilie(()iintry. 

'I'his  house,  location, 

and  grounds,  are  iin- 

siir|)assed  on  the  St . 

I.awreiK  e.         T  h  c 

hotel  is  only  two  ind 

a    half   stories  high, 

and  with  the  cottages 

in  conne(  tioii  there- 
with, .ill'ords  safe  m  ■ 

( (immod.ilioiis.   free 

from  any  d.ingcr  of 

(ire. 

I(    stands    in    the 

midst    of     its    own 

charming     grounds, 


\  II  W  s    IN    (  I  M  K  M     I   \l(K. 


I  \Dt  X. 


A  ,. 

AlMT.Tnlillih-,  11. 'II     .lilllil'S 
Alilliv  ,    llMlvlllill-     , 

AMiiiipT.  r.  N 

All.llVHs.  Clili.r   .rii.lj;,. 

Aiiil.-is.iii.  hiiiic'iiii.    .   . 

AI.NMli.liiii   l!,i\,  slimvii   lioni  .liicl-, 

S|i.'ii,-,-i\,|\i.'lliiiK  

Al.-\,iliilii:i  liiiv.  vii'u  or    . 

Iviil\  rr.-. iM,.,-n..ii^ 
Al„'.iii.|iiiiis,  Til,.       .. 

Aiull;.'  lll.Sl.  I..HM|.|i,.,.  in    \\.,|     h.iyv 
Alviid,     II,, I,.    •||„,iii;i.s    i;..     ,l||i,-|',.s 


Ai.K 

I:.-; 

Mil 


in 


.  •■'I. 


AiiiMii^'  iIr.  ■ni,,iisHii,|  M.iimN.    illiis' 
li-.ili'.l 

AlllllrlM,  (ii'll     .li-llli-V,    I.,. I, I  h 

Ali;;ill,  lirii    Willi.ini'li.  I'l   -.-I 

I'orlliiil  ..r     

Aiiii-iiMii-,  .|,,|iii   li       ..       \ 
Ani'ilil.  ( Ills 

.\illiiii.  I'ii'-i,|,.iii   r    A "' 

Ant  ilMiiiiil  s,-,'i),'s 
AwiiKi-iiiiii;  ,.r  ||,.|iiy  liai-Uns 


ls:|,   \<, 
(     Mi- 


ll. 

It.ii'kiN.  lii'iir.v,  ;nviiki'iiiii;,'  i  i 
11,11  w  iiii.'  sailing,  illiisl    , 

SUitf-,  lIlllNl         ,       ... 

li.Miiiy.  |).  N    .V  r.i  .     

li.iili ■   Aiiiiiii  |(    ..     . 

Ilakri-.  c.l    |.,ii,n,.|te 

ll.'iy  III  l,M  lliii'  l-.l,'iii,|.  illiisi . 

l!'-rU  Willi.  (  ■.■||it;lill,  (if  i;r;(|||   s  si; 

li.ii.  .I..I s.  y,.  A      .... 

lirhll'll.     I|,>||      .i.lllll's   .1  .  . 

II1M1I..11.  11, ,11    \     s 

I  '"I    /.    II..  u  nil  |i,ii-lniil 

I'hil.livn  ..r    . 

■  I"-|'|'I ,'iimI  .I..si'|.Ii  . 

Mrs    riir,.liii,. 

llipii.  I'll, Unas  Mail   .      . 

■Mrs    CI    Hriiii.h    ... 

Mis  ,  1  jsii  I,,  I'aiis  in  Isii'.i 

I'.rllllllli'.   jii'V.    I>i' 

Itoiiapai'ti' in  .\,irilii  111  Srvv  \',.|'|> 

i.aki'  

.I"si'|ili.   Kiiiir  iif  Siiain  si;, 

lliiiisi'  al  Naliiial  lirhl;;!' 

I!'«iin>lai>'  Mill's 

lll.iili  Ku.'i-.  s,,ni<'  (if  ils  fi'iiliiri's 

U,.n  Vi'vaiT'-.  stc.-iiiH'i- 

M'lolli.  . I,, Iiii  \\'i||,,'s  | 

H.'alliol' 

lli.i'lslni'i,  (',,1,  . I,, Iiii  

Hiii;;,'s,  til..  C'lnacli.iii  .   ..,.'. 

Hiill'in.  I'li'i'inaii    . . 

lil'ovMI.  .Inlill 

llr.nvniiiK,  n'si.i.'iii'.' of  Mr   w   c 

\V    C. 
llr.M'Uvill..,  Mi'w  ,,f  livi'r  rr,.iir 

Sk<'lril..f 

liisaiii'  Asvlniii  ... 

l.'Vii'l  "f  111!' rliir.       .     . 

Ilri ,  iliMi.  11   !•• 

Iliickl.-.v.  (  liristo|.li,'r  

I'.iirtt'U  111",  liiMi.  .I'lliii 

lllllli'l'tli'lil.    I'llHilll,,!',' 

lliMi     luhn 

II. .11.  Wilil.'iin   V\ 

Ma.j.ir  (ii'ii.'ial  jiaii  .      .. 


i;i. 


i:  I 
I.V.I 
.».»■ 

"C>o 
lii 
lit 


;:i 
III 
II.' 

'.'■,* 
If,' 

II'.' 

!|:.' 

11:; 


.   1 1-.' 

■.'l.i 
:.':) 

IS.-. 

Ill 
.  imi 

ll.-i 

r.T 

*i.i 
.'11 -J 

|S.'I 

•sa 

.'II 

•ii; 

:il:i 

.'i'.'s 

:i-.'; 
7''l 

IIII 
r-vi 

VV.i 
|:'l!i 


I  '.irtii'r.  .lai'iini's 

I'aiia.l.i's  \\,.si  I' I.  iiiii.i 

''•I i"ti.  Ma.|..r  ili'ii.'ral 

<'.iiii|.li.ll.  (• 
i''ii'il..ii  Islan.l. 

Illiistrati'.l 

Sirtinv      .... 
(■allli..r|..  if.'v.  Iir 
I'asl.irlaiiil  (■.,l.,iiv 

an. I  Krenili  al 
'  '.'III...'  ra.'t' 
<'arli't...ii     \iila,    r.'si.l.'nri' 

\V\,'I,..|T 
1  .'l.'r..ii.  til.'  I'aniiU  ,,f  . 
I'.'iitr.'il  I'aik  II.. I. 'I 
t  (lassiiais.  I'l.  IT.' 
i'li;iMi|.lalii  th.'  .'X|p|..ri'r 
I'haiii  ..f  Till.' 
'  li.tii'V.  .Imiii.'s  A 
Cliiirl.'V'.iv.  l-'alhi'i' 
I'l.irk.  C.   M,.  allici,'   l.y 
t'i.irk.  III..  Int.'  .1    \     II' 
i'l''r.'.|.  M'.iis.  .Iiiliiis  I..' 
I  laiis.  III.'  fainilv  ..f  . 
(■..hiinliia  II,. I. 'I',  imNi  Islan.l  Park 
c  ',.|l|sl...'k    l'.r.,lli.'i's,  ..arsln.-li 

C.inklint'.  II. .11    H..S 

I  ■'.riHvall.  II. .11.  AimIi.'U,  .'ii-i-,i\  ini.' 

Ili.i.-'^rai.iii.'al  sk.'t.li  ..f 
I'olistal.l.',  William 
(•..iis|iiiiii,,is,  I'.iin.'.  Mrs.  Siirral  an, I 

liar.. 1. 1 
r..iiiii  .1.'  SiirMll.'is 

lllslillL'lllsll.'.l  K'lM'sIs  ..f 

Ui'si.lrii.i's  liiiill  liy 
<'u.vi'.  Cliarl.'s 
l'.'i.|i.'r, 'l.'ls    l''.'niin..rc 
ri.'s|ii.|.  I'ath.M'  I'.niniaiiih'l  . 
(•..inv.ll.'s.  ,\|.  .1,' 

<'r..ss 11,  I  'liark's,  Sr      :,; , 

( 'niiksliaiik.  I'jnrst       ' 

( 'iiiiiniiiiL's.  .lain.'s 

I'liiiis.  11, 'II.  NM      ;;;    " 

( 'iislini.-tn.  .I.iliii  I* 


I>. 


Ktiii'tv .  I  'liailrs  a. 
I'ai.is.  (',,1,  \v     \V   .. 


;il 

I '.I'l 

ill.  ■.".!■.' 


.  .iirliaiiks.  .las,, It 

'.'.',     I''a.\ I'l I,. I,'  1; 

l-'avi'l.  William  i.\iitli..i'     .. 

.I..I111 
l''i'rrviiiaii,  ll.iilin^-  th.'.  illiist 
l-'i.l.ll.'i's  l';il,..« 
-'"      I'iiii'  \i.'H   II.. I. 'I 

KisliMit,'  ..II  Liitl,'  Cir.'iia.lier  . 
'■'       l-'..lf,'.'r  lln.lh.'is.  illiisi  .    . 


I'.l 


'  l''.'tit.'iin('  a  la  I'lairi'.' 


l^}     l'"..ri'l.  (..iiiii  ,1,'  la 
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M.'l/.ar  . 

. I. .Iiii  \ 

l'-|,iii.'is,|,'  la  l,'...|ii.' 

I'r.ii.'li  .;|..'rali..ns  ..II  |,aki' 1  Milari..        4| 

ii«ii.rs  ..f  ili.'TlKin.saii.l  Islaii.ls.     i;i 
I''r.ititt'na.'  ,    .    |'j|,    pj;* 

l''..itri'.s.  ,|,.sini.(i.iii  cif  |s'   111(1 

II..IhI.  illiist  117 

,.     '''•mil  >>'• IIW 

I-  iilli'r.  .I.'r..tiii'.    ,      ;k 


'.'I 

,  .'C.'.' 

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I  >.i\  i.'s.  I  ...iHral      ...  Sit 

Ka.vaii,  It.'v  .1    l'..|.,.rtrailanilski.|.'ri     ;i 
III'  C. 111. '.'II.'  ail. I  lii'Tr.'i.'v      .    .  p; 

111'  1.1  llarr.v  .'\|.i'.liti.in  ..f n 

II.'  N..iinl!.',,'\|i,'.|ili..ii  ..r.,     .  4,( 

Iti'ui'X  ,  II. Ill    Williat 

II  •lal..li.'.  M.I. I.I 

rai.ilin.' 

Hi'pi'M.  Cliaiii v   M 

li.'s  j.ir.lin.s.  .*<iiiiitii.. 
|i.'s.'iti.|',  ri'..iii  I  'ana. Ill 


ii.lliali...|ii.'.  I'as!  nil. I  I'r 
llav.  cliarlii'  ... 
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'    .f     (i.'..|..i;v  ..rill.'  Isl.'iiiils 
,  ','.'  I'f'.f.    lllll.S   ..II 

'-}    lilcn  r..v.'  I'.iii.'u','.  iihisi 
";;    i;.....l.il.'.  IIr.  A.  W.,  .-^k.'!.'!!  of 
-;|-    lirati.l  Vi.'w  I'ark        .        . 

";.'     Craiil.  il.'ii.'f.il      

^■.'     I  Iran.  (';i|.|alii 

'•I'     ilr.'.n.  s.tli.  III,.  I'ish.'rtiian 

111. I  Si'in  (irc.'ii  II..I1SI'.  l''riiiilispii'i'H 
lirinni'll.  Sam   .  . .       sj 

'Ir.'ii.'liv .  I'.iii.'iiiii.il.  I '..lint  .1.'     .     ..       i.KI 


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II. 


p'l  lla.l.|...k.     . I. .Iiii     A   .     Hall, 1.. 11    V.iv 
4,1  .'IP'  H'.l.    ITil 

;-  r.irlrail  ..f,  l'r..iitis|iii','i'. 

,|.j  llail.l..i'k's  llist.,ry  .,r  ,h.|ri'rs..nCo        '..'I 

(12  llaii.'...'k.  li.'ii.'riil  W    S  III 

|:t-.'.   1:1;  llai.l.'iiian.l.  (icii   Sir  Kii'.l.'rii'k        ..    PJT 

li,.>  H.'ilst.'.'i.l  |!ay.  Kiitiaiii'i' t.i ■JiKi 

•>l';.^  llart.K.  Kirk 77 

|iii.'.'t..r\  ..f  III.' Isjaii.ls  ,     .  'i.|i  ll.islir..iu'k   l|..iis.',  illnsl       :iii 

liisiaii.'.' Talili' .  'Mi;  M''ri..t ,  t  li.'  1 1  isi.irian      11 

l>..i|.l,V  I'..   .  Ill,-,     fim  llfaltli,  \'alii.'..f 11, 

|i..iit  s  f..r,'.\,'iirsi..msts  -n,;  lli'plMirii,  A .  If  77 

Umliani.  Majiii.l.  II  .  lii..;;.  aii.l  p..r.  Ilia«.'itlia.  Li'u'cn.l  of 

trait  1 1:1  lliiiir.l.  II. .11    Clias.  II 

II. .11.111. 1.  Hr    .1   li 
H..pkins.  ..f  l.iitl,'  Kails         .    . 

»,  ll..«.|l.  Hr 

,.     ,     ^,  .  '"',  ll..«.'lls,  Wm     |i,.aii 

I'.'iil.v  NaMi;.ili..ii  .,11  th.'  lii'.'i    .  -.i:!!  I|.,iis,'  ll..at.  illnsl  . 

l';.lii..is'  Slut.'  .\ss..,'iai N'isii  '.'i;  ||iii,|,,ii'.|  l|..iis,..  ('Iiivl..n 

Kills,  ll.'ti.  .I.iliii  II ;;  llnnu-i'tfiinl,  11.111.  ilivill,. 


.'17 
It) 

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71 

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!.■(■  Il.iat,  \Viiiti'i'..r  IWi|-!i."i     , 

liKlinn  liiirr,  ii  I.i';.'rn.l  of 

liiM'nnU  on  till'  Uivi'i- 

Iiulf|>.ii.l.'ii,'c  l(..,-k 

Inpills.   M'.n    I.     .       . 

lnll'"lMl'liil>    MIkI   llrsiM'ipl.vi' 

liiviisi.iii  .if  till-  lr.ii|iiciis. 

Ill  Ihr  Kill,  illii>i 

llvlllK'.  U  llsllllli,'l'iM    

jsl.in.l  Kill!',  illiwl       

Islaii'liT.  Ilii'  --li'iinii'i'.  illiisl 

Islrnf   |1..^'- 

.1 

. I, mill.-  Mini's         

.l.-iVivv^,   II as 

.LiliiKtiMi,  Sir  Williaiii 

Williiiiii  

Kair  

.l:iiM''S  

Slc|illi'll    111  r.illll'               ..... 
.lu.lsoll,  IJl'll     K     U 
.liulu-.i  SlM'llCiMS   I.  -Iilii lllll-l 


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Miirliiii,  <iiiv    OliM'i-  r 

Miisi'S.  I.nciiis  

^1i■^sjNsa^rMa  Iiiiliatis 

Mild. I,  III-. 

Mini  in  .  Iliiii    .\ liii  M    ■ 

Mnsriiiiiiit;!',  illiisl 

Naplillia  l,niiiiii|i,  I'liiiiri'  nl' 

Ni'lsiiii.  Ilm ■  A.  

Niil-iiii,  III-  .1    I..  II  .  Illii-I 

O 

;  oiivi'i-.  I'lii  or  iiii-  itii.vai  .\iiiiii-i> 

iisivi'i.'iiiii|iii'.  Iiiiliaii  Misslmi  at 

I'nili'i'  Ilii'  KiikIIsIi 

I  tswt'trii.  *  'ajiliirt'  of 

(I'lkMiiir.  Maji'i-  . 

(III!    l-iiil     I'li.iii.'iiai-    mill     MiiiliTi 

Kiiiu'-iiiii  

I  I'Scal.  Williain 

I  llil  Srill  llri'lMl   lli.llsi'.  illiist       . 

I  llil  Kml  Carlliiii  

I  iiIl'Iii  III  I'lililinu'  ill  t'aiiaila     


Kiiiiii'ilv.  <;i'i>    ^  •■       ■ 

Ki'Vi's.    lion.  l'ill'\                ...  I-''" 

ilaiilnoi-               I''- 

Kiiik'sloii  Cit.v  Hall,  illiist l-i 

Kti'i-iiii-  railway I'|l 

i'iolMrt's(|iii' ■"'•• 

Hrv  iliK-k     '■'■\ 

Cliiin-lu's      ,.  ,  ;•••' 

KiiiL'.  Mull    I'li'stiin I'Hi 

KliK,  William  H         ^1 

Kimlt,    I'n.i'l.ir             '  ' 

K.ilil.  .Lilian  li »'       '-'".i 


1,1   |.'alllilii. •  ■      I""' 

l.a  Hii..  Islaiiil.  ilhl^l        :lil'.i 

l.aSall.. 1-':.  •!'."* 

I.ak..    liiil;.'.'- 

l.aUfiif  111.'  Nl."-,  lllii-:         .      .. 

l.a  Miiniilaili.  .Ii.liii         

I.awliiii.  SylM-sl.'i-  

I,..  \{a\  .  I  '..lint  .liiliK's  1'     .... 

,    \i Ill 

I,.'i\  1^,  l,\  iiian  II  

|,ik!iI-Ii.'1i~.'s,  illiisl 

I,ini'..ln  s  .\iiiii.-.iv  1..  Iit's.'rii'i's 
rri'si.l.'iil  .Miialiaiii   . 

.\~~as>illali.ili  "f    ''•'■' 

••  l.illli'  l-'ranil,"  illn-l I--' 

l.i.|iit.'li.  illnsi       -''*:l 

1.I..V.I.  .li.lin  I'll 

I,...ikiiii;  KaM  riniii  s kn  Maml  I'."'. 

l.i.in;.  ,l..liii  1''^ 

1,1.1  in;.',  Cain.  .Iiiliii     i;'.i.   1^1 

l,.isi  Cliaiiiii'l,  illiiM         ■-'"''.I 

l,"ssini.',  |ti'iis.,ii  .1      ■.Ml 


r 


I'AGK,    '  '■'■ 

111.'.,   Ill  ,  Sinitli.  .luilj.'!'    ...     

.  .    .      HI  .li'SSl' 

•jnT     Siiiiw  in  Wati'rluHii  SIrr.'Is.     

I|;|    Siiiin'r,  Ili'ii    CiislaMis        

I'll     S,.ii~.if  l.ihi.ily  

:iii|  liiili.iii.iii  iiil..         

S|..iil  NIaii.l  

S|.|..ir,  II. Ill     Henry  .   .     ,     

l-'aniih 
."'■"'    S|ii'ii.i.r,  II. Ill    .liiilp'.   |iia/./.a  of   Ins 

limisii.  illiisi         

liiiiKi-aiiliii-al  skfli'li  iif 

I'orli'.'iil  of      

|{.-,l,|,.ll|.t'  of       

Slaplis.  11.  II 

Hiaiioii  Islan.l     

sioni',  I  '.'loiM'l,  iinrlrail  of .  . . 

Stiii'\ .  .laiiH'S  

SI.   I'.auri'i lii'.il  l-.slali.  .\s>iii''ll 

I  irii.'ir^of 

SI    l.a"  loiii'i'  Cliili-lionsi'     

Siinp'on  Caiit.-lit  in  llii'  liivor 

sinnnii.r  ('ami',  iliiisl 

siilnmi'i   |ia.\.  .\  lla|.|'.v  .  iHn^l 

Sill  railsMlli' 

SiilTall,.lolin  II MIS,  lii',i 

Mrs  

Swi'i'I,  Svlvanlls  


:ii; 


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II 
l',i 

i; 
III 

r;i 
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17 

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nil 


mi 
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I'alinil,  lion   .liisi'i'li  ,    . . 
I'alisailos,  vii'W  in  tlic  ., . 
I 'ark.  K    Kiik     . 
I'arki-r.  Il"ii    .\    .\ 
I'lilli'ison.  ('oinnioilorr  N 
I'll!  II.  It  War.. 
I'a\  II..,  .lohn  .\ 
r..|.|.  Sir  Uolieri  . . 
I'.'i'li.r.  .loi'l     . 
I'lii^,..     i:     .1      11.    .ilito 

^VhiK        

I'liaii'iix,  I'ii'rrt' 

l'll..||.s,  Kiissrll 

I'ilijrinis.  Ilii' 

V\tt././:\  ot  .liiiln'-Spon.'ir 

I'oplii^  Assoi..iali..ns  ..f  III.'  Islan.ls 

l'ii|i|..iiii  man.  illii.*! 


ir.' 


I'osi  oilii- 


anion;.'  tin'  islainls 


..     ;:  ■l'al«.riiai.|i'  al   11 

.".7        illiist 

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ins.  in;,  |-.>;i         '  I'mirail  ..f 

I.".;  ■riiavi.n.lana^'.a,  Imlian  11 

M'.l  Tli..iisaiiil  Islaiiil  I'aik  ,.   .. 

Kiiiu'-t..n  In  .Miliin.n    

.     ..            I'lil'.i  |ii.si.|i|iti..n  of 

|s:i,   |..i-,'  (lull.  M,.inl>..rs  ol 

I'.I  '         cliili  lion-.. 

..I  'rli.iinpson.  .l.niatlian     .    . 

Ilmiso           •.';!  •nii.insiin    lion.  Win.  M 

■.'r.i  ri.l.s  in  111..  I.iik..s.. 

ir.'.i  ■nil...  cliain  of 


saml  Islaiiil  I'.irk. 


•U. 

Manliatlan  Islan.l  ami  .lii.li;i' S|ii. in ii'r. 
Mart. '11.' Tow. .IS  at  Kini^st.ni  ... 

Ma.- Cliarl'.s  ... 

Ma>s..v.  l.i.'iit  -Coloni'l 

Maj'l.'  Islan.l  an.l  lis  lliTinit    

M'.Cornii.'k.  Mis   N.'tlic  K 

M.'.lal  of  Cliassnais  C. 

Mi'ii  1  llav..  M.'l  ..11  111.'  (iii'at   lfi\i'r 

Ml. rick.  Hon    1',  H,,  illnsi 

.M    il..  la  H.irii'  

Morii-k.  KoHl.'r  ,V  Kssi'Istvn      

Mi'l.i'iinan,  I'l'li-r  U 

Mi-CI. •11.111   li.'ii  11. ...rp'  li     

M.'K.n/.in,  Win    l.von I,"if' 

M.'Nali,  Sir  ,\llan  

Mill. II. .toil.  Sir  Kri'ilnrirk 

Mill.'r.  Hon    WarniT 

Mill.'  ls|''s  iif  Cri'inizin 

M ■■'.  Toni,  lloat  ,s..nK' 

M.'riis.  U  .i...|.|      

(ioiivfrni'iir 


I'.it  h.,|.  s  n..ar  till 
l'..Ui'li.'i,  I'aplain 
l'r..itt.  lianii'l, 

( ■alviii  I'. 

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I'llllnian,   II. 'o     M 

I'.irtiait  of 

Kisiiliiu r 

I'ainiU    of   .  . 


I'alisa.lcs. 


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ii; 
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illnsi 
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K 


■•'11     Van  l|..rii     

:''iiii     \'an  \alk.'iiliiir(.'li         

:;i;."'     \-,iii  \..isl  .       .     ■  

:ii'."'     \aii'li.rl.ili,  William  II  ,   s:i, 

:!iil  (■ornclni-.  

\'aii  Ki.ii-s.la.r,  i..n  .         I".'! 

Van  SIvk..,  M;irtiii         

s,")     Vw»  .il  Si.v.ii  Kli-^,  illnsi 

Vii.»    Ir Iml^'i.  Siicnror's  loui'i- 

i:;..|        illii-t 

pis     Vii  l.ilia,  1,111... .11       


l:|(i 
lit."> 
I.'.; 
Pil 
II 

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Mil 


Kainv  llav  al  llii'  Islan.ls 

Ki'si ;  Vain.,  of 

I!,  in. I. ...I  \-,.ss..|s,  llic  1'1....|  of 

■•''  i  Ui'i's.',  U..V.  Iir 

'•"•'  I  Ui'al.  (onnt  l'i..in'  l'ran...iis  , 
■"s     Uiiins  ..f  l-'.iit  llaliliinanil  ,,    , 
ISi 

^1 

IS)  Savatri',  ,\iitn'tti'  ■   ,, 

7'.'  Si'mi'li  li^'lii  Kxi'iirsii.ns 

IS  S.'iilim'ls,  Til..,  illnsi 

Mill  .Si'waril,   Hon    \V     II     

•,'l  l-rodi'i  ick 

7K  Scu-n  Isl.'s,  illiist  , 

I  II     Sltll  III I  llollsi'  lirlinilt 

|,"i;  '  Si'Illi'iiii'iit  of  ('aslorlainl 
l,"is    Srvmoiir,  llov    lloraiio  . 

:)l  '  slii-rman.  (ii'ti     W    T     . 

77    Shaw,  Col    .\.  1)  . 
•,Ml  Sliort  ski-M'li  "f 

•.'•,|;i  '  Sinnalin^'  tli.^  Nortli  Kiiik' 

Mii    Skiiinnr.  lion,  c    li 

,sii  W,  ,1 


W. 

Wau'iicr,  Wi.l'^lpr     ,,    ,    . 
U.ilralli  of  I  m.i.la 
Wall. Ills,  Till'  I'amily  of 

W.ir  of  I7,'i,-.         

Wi-hli,  11    Walli'r 

Srwiiril 


Wi-I.l,  Isaai'  , 
Wi'lls,  llntii-rlii.lil  ,^  Co, 
I,).)     Wliilli..r.  Ilii'  poi'i  . 
•N",     Wliitll.s.-v  .Mfair 

',i;,     Williams.  II. .11,  I'ar.lon  ( 

'I'l    l|n     jiiii     Winslow.  H.'ii    N'.rris 

■     <,.|     \V...'ls..v.  c ii.iilor.'  , 

-       I'l     Wo.iilrnlT,  .loiiali     ,   ,  ,   . 

"     i;     Wolf,  Chris  ..     ., 

Pll     Wiiu'hl,  lli'n.jarnin 

I'll  ^^'    ^^ 

III)     Wyilinvilli'.  Ui'si.l.'ti 

•-'II'.' 

77    Vo-t.  11. III.  li ■i.'i'  V- 

7:1  ,  Vai. Ill  int.' on  I  111' St     l.awn^n 


f  Dr.  llow 


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